Axcelerator Family FPGAs
Product Brief 5
Embedded Memory
The embedded, variable-aspect-ratio SRAM blocks have
separate read and write ports that can be configured
with different bit widths on each port. Available memory
configurations are: 128x36, 256x18, 512x9, 1kx4, 2kx2 or
4kx1 bit. Additionally, every SRAM block has an
embedded FIFO control unit. The control unit allows the
SRAM block to be configured as a synchronous FIFO, with
programmable DEPTH and programmable
ALMOSTEMPTY and ALMOST-FULL flags in addition to
the normal FULL and EMPTY flags.
The embedded FIFO control unit also contains the
counters necessary for the generation of the read and
write address pointers as well as metastable control
circuitry to prevent erroneous operation. The metastable
control circuitry, when combined with the FIFO’s ability
for asynchronous reads and writes, enables these
embedded structures to be used to cross both clock and
phase domains.
I/Os
The Axcelerator family of FPGAs also features a flexible I/O
structure, supporting a range of mixed voltages with its
bank-selectable I/O: 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V and 3.3V. In total,
Axcelerator FPGAs support at least 14 different I/O
standards (single-ended, differential, voltage-referenced).
The I/Os are organized into banks, with eight banks per
device (two per side). All I/O options are 3.3V tolerant;
the 3.3V PCI option is 5V tolerant with the aid of an
external resistor. All I/O options except 3.3V PCI are hot-
insertion capable.
Each I/O has an input, output, and enable register.
Routing
Tying all of the device resources together is the AX
hierarchical routing structure, enabling the Axcelerator
family’s high performance and utilization. At the lowest
level in and SuperClusters below, there are three routing
structures: DirectConnects, FastConnects, and
CarryConnects. DirectConnects provide very high
performance routing inside the SuperCluster, while
FastConnects provide high performance routing inside
the SuperCluster and to the below SuperCluster.
CarryConnect routing is used between SuperClusters
when building arithmetic functions. The core tile routing
is at the next level. Both vertical and horizontal tracks
run across a row or column of SuperClusters within a
core tile respectively. At the chip level, routing highways
extend across the full length of the device, both north-
to- south and east-to-west.
Global Resources
Each family member has three types of global signals
available to the designer: HCLK, CLK, and GCLR/GPSET.
There are four hardwired clocks (HCLKs) per device,
which can directly drive the clock input of an R-Cell. Each
of the four routed clocks (CLKs) can drive the clock, clear,
preset, or enable pin of an R-cell or any input of a C-cell.
Global clear (GCLR) and global preset (GPSET) can drive
the clear and preset inputs of each R-Cell as well as each
I/O Register on a chip-wide basis at power up.
Each HCLK and CLK has an associated analog PLL for a
total of eight per chip. Each embedded PLL can be used
for clock delay minimization, clock delay adjustment, or
clock frequency synthesis. The PLL can operate with
input frequencies ranging from 14 MHz to 200 MHz and
can generate output frequencies between 20 MHz and
1 GHz. The clock can be either divided or multiplied by
up to a factor of 64, or multiply and divide settings can
be in any combination as long as the resulting clock does
not exceed the absolute maximum output value (1 GHz).
Additionally, the PLL can be used to introduce either a
positive or a negative clock delay of up to 3.75 ns in 250
ps increments. The reference clock needed to drive the
PLL can be derived from three sources: an external input
pad (configured as either single-ended or differential),
internal logic, or from the output of an adjacent PLL.
Summary
Actel’s Axcelerator family of FPGAs expands the
successful SX-A architecture, adding embedded RAM/
FIFOs, PLLs, and high-speed I/Os. The Axcelerator family
also provides the designer with high-performance at
high-gate counts with high device utilization even with
fixed pins. With the support of a suite of robust software
tools, design engineers can incorporate high gate counts
and fixed pins into an Axcelerator design yet still achieve
high performance and efficient device utilization.