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Data Sheet ADA4817-1/ADA4817-2
Rev. F | Page 23 of 31
LAYOUT, GROUNDING, AND BYPASSING CONSIDERATIONS
Laying out the PCB is usually the last step in the design process
and often proves to be one of the most critical. A good design can
be rendered useless because of poor layout. Because the
ADA4817-1/ADA4817-2 can operate into the radio frequency
(RF) spectrum, high frequency board layout considerations
must be taken into account. The PCB layout, signal routing, power
supply bypassing, and grounding all must be addressed to
ensure optimal performance.
SIGNAL ROUTING
The ADA4817-1/ADA4817-2 feature a low distortion pinout
with a dedicated feedback pin that allows a compact layout. The
dedicated feedback pin reduces the distance from the output to
the inverting input, which greatly simplifies the routing of the
feedback network.
When laying out the ADA4817-1/ADA4817-2 as a unity-gain
amplifier, it is recommended to place a short but wide trace
between the dedicated feedback pins and the inverting input to
the amplifier to minimize stray parasitic inductance.
To minimize parasitic inductances, use ground planes under
high frequency signal traces. However, remove the ground
plane from under the input and output pins to minimize the
formation of parasitic capacitors, which degrades phase margin.
Run signals are susceptible to noise pickup on the internal
layers of the PCB, which can provide maximum shielding.
POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING
Power supply bypassing is a critical aspect of the PCB design
process. For best performance, properly bypass the ADA4817-1/
ADA4817-2 power supply pins.
A parallel connection of capacitors from each of the power
supply pins to ground works best. Paralleling different values
and sizes of capacitors helps ensure that the power supply pins
see a low ac impedance across a wide band of frequencies,
which is important for minimizing the coupling of noise into
the amplifier. Starting directly at the power supply pins, place
the smallest value and sized component on the same side of the
board as the amplifier, and as close as possible to the amplifier,
and connect it to the ground plane. Repeat this process for the
next largest value capacitor. It is recommended to use a 0.1 µF
ceramic, 0508 case for the ADA4817-1/ADA4817-2.
The 0508 case offers low series inductance and excellent high
frequency performance. The 0.1 µF provides low impedance at
high frequencies. Place a 10 µF electrolytic capacitor in parallel
with the 0.1 µF. The 10 µF electrolytic capacitor provides low ac
impedance at low frequencies. Smaller values of electrolytic
capacitors can be used depending on the circuit requirements.
Additional smaller value capacitors help provide a low
impedance path for unwanted noise out to higher frequencies
but are not always necessary.
Placement of the capacitor returns (grounds) is also important.
Returning the grounds of the capacitor close to the amplifier
load is critical for distortion performance. Keeping the distance of
the capacitors short, but equal from the load, is optimal for
performance.
In some cases, bypassing between the two supplies can help to
improve PSRR and to maintain distortion performance in
crowded or difficult layouts. Bypassing is another option to
improve performance.
Minimizing the trace length and widening the trace from the
capacitors to the amplifier reduces the trace inductance. A series
inductance with the parallel capacitance can form a tank circuit,
which can introduce high frequency ringing at the output. This
additional inductance can also contribute to increased distortion
due to high frequency compression at the output. Minimize the
use of vias in the direct path to the amplifier power supply pins
because vias can introduce parasitic inductance, which can lead to
instability. When required to use vias, choose multiple large
diameter vias because this lowers the equivalent parasitic
inductance.
GROUNDING
The use of ground and power planes is encouraged as a method
of providing low impedance returns for power supply and signal
currents. Ground and power planes can also help to reduce stray
trace inductance and to provide a low thermal path for the
amplifier. Do not use ground and power planes under any of
the pins. The mounting pads and the ground or power planes
can form a parasitic capacitance at the input of the amplifier. Stray
capacitance on the inverting input and the feedback resistor form
a pole, which degrades the phase margin, leading to instability.
Excessive stray capacitance on the output also forms a pole,
which degrades phase margin.
EXPOSED PAD
The ADA4817-1/ADA4817-2 feature an exposed pad, which
lowers the thermal resistance by 25% compared to a standard
SOIC plastic package. The exposed pad of the ADA4817-1/
ADA4817-2 floats internally, which provides the maximum
flexibility and ease of use. It can be connected to the ground plane
or to the negative power supply plane. In cases where thermal
heating is not an issue, the exposed pad can be left floating.
The use of thermal vias or heat pipes can also be incorporated
into the design of the mounting pad for the exposed pad. These
additional vias help to lower the overall junction to ambient
temperature (θJA). Using a heavier weight copper on the surface
to which the exposed paddle of the amplifier is soldered can
greatly reduce the overall thermal resistance seen by the
ADA4817-1/ADA4817-2.