Tantalum Chip Capacitors Automotive Series/Type: Date: B45196L, B45198L July 2006 (c) KEMET 2006. Reproduction, publication and dissemination of this publication, enclosures hereto and the information contained therein without KEMET's prior express consent is prohibited. Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive Construction Polar tantalum capacitors with solid electrolyte Conventional TaMnO2 technology Flame-retardant plastic case (UL 94 V-0) Optionally tinned or gold-plated terminals Features Meets AEC-Q200 requirements Ultra-high volumetric efficiency Excellent solderability Stable temperature and frequency characteristics Low leakage current, low dissipation factor Low self-inductance High resistance to shock and vibration Suitable for use without series resistor (special operating conditions recommended) Lead-free and material content compatible with RoHS Applications Automotive electronics (e.g. safety applications e.g airbags, ABS, motor management) Measuring and control engineering (e.g. voltage regulators) DC/DC converters Soldering Suitable for reflow soldering (IR and vapor phase, in compliance with JEDEC J-STD-020 C) and wave soldering Delivery mode Taped and reeled in accordance with IEC 60286-3 Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Page 2 of 16 Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive Dimensional drawing Encapsulation: molded epoxy resin NiFe; tinned surface Sn100 or gold-plated Reduced slot length for case size A Dimensions Case size Dimensions in mm (inches) EPCOS EIA/IECQ L W A 3216-18 B 3528-21 C 6032-28 D 7343-31 E 7343-44 3.2 0.2 (.126 0.008) 3.5 0.2 (.138 0.008) 6.0 0.3 (.236 0.012) 7.3 0.3 (.287 0.012) 7.3 0.3 (.287 0.012) 1.6 0.2 (.063 0.008) 2.8 0.2 (.110 0.008) 3.2 0.3 (.126 0.012) 4.3 0.3 (.169 0.012) 4.3 0.3 (.169 0.012) Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. H 1.6 0.2 (.063 0.008) 1.9 0.2 (.075 0.008) 2.5 0.3 (.098 0.012) 2.8 0.3 (.110 0.012) 4.1 0.3 (.161 0.012) Page 3 of 16 L2 typ. W2 0.1 H2 typ. P 0.3 (.004) (.012) 3.2 1.2 1.3 0.8 (.126) (.047) (.051) (.031) 3.5 2.2 (.138) (.087) 1.4 0.7 (.055) (.027) 6.1 2.2 (.240) (.087) 1.8 1.3 (.071) (.051) 7.3 2.4 (.287) (.094) 1.8 1.3 (.071) (.051) 7.3 2.4 (.287) (.094) 1.8 1.3 (.071) (.051) Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive Marking Case size A Case size B Case sizes C, D, E Voltage coding for case size A Rated voltage 4 6.3 10 16 20 25 35 50 Code letter G J C D E V T A Capacitance coding 1st and 2nd digit Capacitance in pF 3rd digit Multiplier: 6 = 106 pF 7 = 107 pF 8 = 108 pF Date coding Year Month S = 2004 T = 2005 U = 2006 V = 2007 W = 2008 X = 2009 1 = January 2 = February 3 = March 4 = April 5 = May 6 = June 7 = July 8 = August 9 = September O = October N = November D = December Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Page 4 of 16 Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive Specifications and characteristics in brief Series Ordering code Automotive B45196L B45198L Technology Ta-MnO2 Ta-MnO2 Terminals Tinned Gold-plated Rated voltage (up to 85 C) VR 4 ... 50 VDC Rated capacitance (20 C, 120 Hz) CR 0.10 ... 1000 F 20%, 10% Capacitance tolerance Maximum impedance (20 C, 100 kHz) Operating temperature range Failure rate (1 fit = 110-9 failures/h) CR VR 330 F V CR VR > 330 F V Service life Leakage current Zmax 0.6 ... 27 Top 55 ... +125 C (at 40 C; VR, RS 3 /V) fit 3 or 8 10 or 24 (dependent on type) (VR, 5 min, 20 C) Ileak AEC-Q200 Detail specification Climatic category (to IEC 60068-1) >500000 10 (55 C/+125 C/56 days damp heat test) Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Page 5 of 16 55/125/56 h nA/C Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive Overview of types (VDC) (up to 85 C) CR (F) 4 6.3 10 16 20 25 35 0.1 A 0.15 A 0.22 A 0.33 0.68 1 A 1.5 2.2 3.3 A 4.7 A 6.8 A A A A A A A A A 10 A B 15 A B A B A B B C C D D C D C D 100 C D C D C D 150 C D C D D E 220 C D D E D E 330 D E D E 470 E E 680 E E 1000 E Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. A B C B C C D B C C D A B D C A B D B C D A B C C C A A B C C B B B C B C D A A C C A B B B A A A B C A B C A B C B C D B B B C A B C A B C C B A D D E E E Page 6 of 16 C C B C C D C C D C D C D D C D E D D D D B B B C D D E E E B A A B 33 B A B A A A B C 22 68 A A A 0.47 47 50 E E B C C D D D E E Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive Ordering code structure B45 196L 0 685 Tantalum capacitor Series 196L = Automotive, tinned terminals 198L = Automotive, gold-plated terminals Rated voltage 0 = 4 V, 1 = 6.3 V, 2 = 10 V, 3 = 16 V, 4 = 20 V, 5 = 25 V, 6 = 35 V, 7 = 50 V Rated capacitance + exponent C [pF] 10x E.g.: 686 = 68 pF 106 = 68 F, 157 = 15 pF 107 = 150 F Capacitance tolerance M = 20%, K = 10% Case size 10 = A 20 = B 30 = C 40 = D 50 = E Reel diameter 9 = 180 mm, 6 = 330 mm Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Page 7 of 16 + 10 * Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive Technical data and ordering codes CR Case size (20 C, 120 Hz) F DFmax Ileak,max (20 C, 120 Hz) (20 C, VR, 5 min) % A VR (up to 85 C) = 4 VDC, VR (up to 125 C) = 2.5 VDC 3.3 A 0.5 6 4.7 A 0.5 6 6.8 A 0.5 6 A 0.5 10 6 B 0.5 10 6 A 0.6 15 6 B 0.6 15 6 A 0.9 22 8 B 0.9 22 6 C 0.9 22 6 A 1.3 33 8 B 1.3 33 6 C 1.3 33 6 B 1.9 47 6 C 1.9 47 6 B 2.7 68 6 C 2.7 68 6 D 2.7 68 6 C 4.0 100 8 D 4.0 100 8 C 6.0 150 8 D 6.0 150 8 C 8.8 220 15 D 8.8 220 8 D 13.2 330 10 E 13.2 330 8 E 18.8 470 8 E 27.2 680 12 E 40.0 1000 15 VR (up to 85 C) = 6.3 VDC, VR (up to 125 C) = 4 VDC 2.2 A 0.5 6 3.3 A 0.5 6 *= Code number for reel diameter 6 = 330-mm reel 9 = 180-mm reel Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Zmax (20 C, 100 kHz) 9.0 7.0 6.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.4 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.3 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 B45196L0335+10* B45196L0475+10* B45196L0685+10* B45196L0106+10* B45196L0106+20* B45196L0156+10* B45196L0156+20* B45196L0226+10* B45196L0226+20* B45196L0226+30* B45196L0336+10* B45196L0336+20* B45196L0336+30* B45196L0476+20* B45196L0476+30* B45196L0686+20* B45196L0686+30* B45196L0686+40* B45196L0107+30* B45196L0107+40* B45196L0157+30* B45196L0157+40* B45196L0227+30* B45196L0227+40* B45196L0337+40* B45196L0337+50* B45196L0477+50* B45196L0687+50* B45196L0108+50* 10.0 7.0 B45196L1225+10* B45196L1335+10* + = Capacitance tolerance M = 20% K = 10% Page 8 of 16 Ordering code Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive CR Case size (20 C, 120 Hz) DFmax Ileak,max (20 C, 120 Hz) (20 C, VR, 5 min) F % A 4.7 A 0.5 6 6.8 A 0.5 6 6.8 B 0.5 6 A 0.6 10 6 B 0.6 10 6 A 0.9 15 6 B 0.9 15 6 C 0.9 15 6 A 1.4 22 8 B 1.4 22 6 C 1.4 22 6 B 2.1 33 6 C 2.1 33 6 B 3.0 47 6 C 3.0 47 6 D 3.0 47 6 C 4.3 68 6 D 4.3 68 6 C 6.3 100 8 D 6.3 100 8 C 9.5 150 8 D 9.5 150 8 D 13.9 220 8 E 13.9 220 12 D 20.8 330 8 E 20.8 330 8 E 29.6 470 8 E 42.8 680 15 VR (up to 85 C) = 10 VDC, VR (up to 125 C) = 6.3 VDC 1.5 A 0.5 6 2.2 A 0.5 6 3.3 A 0.5 6 4.7 A 0.5 6 4.7 B 0.5 6 *= Code number for reel diameter 6 = 330-mm reel 9 = 180-mm reel Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Zmax (20 C, 100 kHz) 5.5 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.0 2.4 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 Ordering code 10.0 7.0 5.5 4.5 4.5 B45196L2155+10* B45196L2225+10* B45196L2335+10* B45196L2475+10* B45196L2475+20* + = Capacitance tolerance M = 20% K = 10% Page 9 of 16 B45196L1475+10* B45196L1685+10* B45196L1685+20* B45196L1106+10* B45196L1106+20* B45196L1156+10* B45196L1156+20* B45196L1156+30* B45196L1226+10* B45196L1226+20* B45196L1226+30* B45196L1336+20* B45196L1336+30* B45196L1476+20* B45196L1476+30* B45196L1476+40* B45196L1686+30* B45196L1686+40* B45196L1107+30* B45196L1107+40* B45196L1157+30* B45196L1157+40* B45196L1227+40* B45196L1227+50* B45196L1337+40* B45196L1337+50* B45196L1477+50* B45196L1687+50* Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive CR Case size (20 C, 120 Hz) DFmax Ileak,max (20 C, 120 Hz) (20 C, VR, 5 min) F % A 6.8 A 0.7 6 6.8 B 0.7 6 A 1.0 10 6 B 1.0 10 6 C 1.0 10 6 A 1.5 15 6 B 1.5 15 6 C 1.5 15 6 B 2.2 22 6 C 2.2 22 6 B 3.3 33 6 C 3.3 33 6 D 3.3 33 6 C 4.7 47 6 D 4.7 47 6 C 6.8 68 6 D 6.8 68 6 C 10.0 100 8 D 10.0 100 8 D 15.0 150 8 E 15.0 150 8 D 22.0 220 10 E 22.0 220 8 E 33.0 330 10 E 47.0 470 12 VR (up to 85 C) = 16 VDC, VR (up to 125 C) = 10 VDC A 0.5 1 4 1.5 A 0.5 6 2.2 A 0.5 6 3.3 A 0.5 6 3.3 B 0.5 6 4.7 A 0.8 6 4.7 B 0.8 6 6.8 A 1.1 6 *= Code number for reel diameter 6 = 330-mm reel 9 = 180-mm reel Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Zmax (20 C, 100 kHz) 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.0 2.4 3.2 2.5 2.0 2.3 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 Ordering code 10.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 5.0 4.0 3.5 3.8 B45196L3105+10* B45196L3155+10* B45196L3225+10* B45196L3335+10* B45196L3335+20* B45196L3475+10* B45196L3475+20* B45196L3685+10* + = Capacitance tolerance M = 20% K = 10% Page 10 of 16 B45196L2685+10* B45196L2685+20* B45196L2106+10* B45196L2106+20* B45196L2106+30* B45196L2156+10* B45196L2156+20* B45196L2156+30* B45196L2226+20* B45196L2226+30* B45196L2336+20* B45196L2336+30* B45196L2336+40* B45196L2476+30* B45196L2476+40* B45196L2686+30* B45196L2686+40* B45196L2107+30* B45196L2107+40* B45196L2157+40* B45196L2157+50* B45196L2227+40* B45196L2227+50* B45196L2337+50* B45196L2477+50* Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive CR Case size (20 C, 120 Hz) DFmax Ileak,max (20 C, 120 Hz) (20 C, VR, 5 min) F % A 6.8 B 1.1 6 6.8 C 1.1 6 B 1.6 10 6 C 1.6 10 6 B 2.4 15 6 C 2.4 15 6 C 3.5 22 6 D 3.5 22 6 C 5.3 33 6 D 5.3 33 6 C 7.5 47 6 D 7.5 47 6 D 10.9 68 6 D 16.0 100 8 E 16.0 100 8 E 24.0 150 8 VR (up to 85 C) = 20 VDC, VR (up to 125 C) = 13 VDC 0.68 A 0.5 4 A 0.5 1 4 1.5 A 0.5 6 2.2 A 0.5 6 2.2 B 0.5 6 3.3 A 0.7 6 3.3 B 0.7 6 4.7 B 0.9 6 4.7 C 0.9 6 6.8 B 1.4 6 6.8 C 1.4 6 C 2.0 10 6 C 3.0 15 6 D 3.0 15 6 C 4.4 22 6 D 4.4 22 6 D 6.6 33 6 *= Code number for reel diameter 6 = 330-mm reel 9 = 180-mm reel Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Zmax (20 C, 100 kHz) 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.0 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 Ordering code 12.0 9.0 8.0 6.0 6.0 4.0 4.5 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.8 B45196L4684+10* B45196L4105+10* B45196L4155+10* B45196L4225+10* B45196L4225+20* B45196L4335+10* B45196L4335+20* B45196L4475+20* B45196L4475+30* B45196L4685+20* B45196L4685+30* B45196L4106+30* B45196L4156+30* B45196L4156+40* B45196L4226+30* B45196L4226+40* B45196L4336+40* + = Capacitance tolerance M = 20% K = 10% Page 11 of 16 B45196L3685+20* B45196L3685+30* B45196L3106+20* B45196L3106+30* B45196L3156+20* B45196L3156+30* B45196L3226+30* B45196L3226+40* B45196L3336+30* B45196L3336+40* B45196L3476+30* B45196L3476+40* B45196L3686+40* B45196L3107+40* B45196L3107+50* B45196L3157+50* Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive CR Case size (20 C, 120 Hz) DFmax Ileak,max (20 C, 120 Hz) (20 C, VR, 5 min) F % A D 9.4 47 6 E 9.4 47 6 E 13.6 68 6 VR (up to 85 C) = 25 VDC, VR (up to 125 C) = 16 VDC 0.47 A 0.5 4 0.68 A 0.5 4 A 0.5 1 4 1.5 A 0.5 6 1.5 B 0.5 6 2.2 B 0.6 6 3.3 B 0.8 6 3.3 C 0.8 6 4.7 B 1.2 6 4.7 C 1.2 6 6.8 C 1.7 6 6.8 D 1.7 6 C 2.5 10 6 D 2.5 10 6 C 3.8 15 6 D 3.8 15 6 D 5.5 22 6 D 8.3 33 6 E 8.3 33 6 E 11.8 47 6 VR (up to 85 C) = 35 VDC, VR (up to 125 C) = 23 VDC 0.1 A 0.5 4 0.15 A 0.5 4 0.22 A 0.5 4 0.33 A 0.5 4 0.47 A 0.5 4 0.47 B 0.5 4 0.68 A 0.5 4 0.68 B 0.5 4 A 0.5 1 4 *= Code number for reel diameter 6 = 330-mm reel 9 = 180-mm reel Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Zmax (20 C, 100 kHz) 0.8 0.8 0.8 Ordering code 13.0 10.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 5.0 4.0 2.8 3.2 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 B45196L5474+10* B45196L5684+10* B45196L5105+10* B45196L5155+10* B45196L5155+20* B45196L5225+20* B45196L5335+20* B45196L5335+30* B45196L5475+20* B45196L5475+30* B45196L5685+30* B45196L5685+40* B45196L5106+30* B45196L5106+40* B45196L5156+30* B45196L5156+40* B45196L5226+40* B45196L5336+40* B45196L5336+50* B45196L5476+50* 28.0 23.0 19.0 15.0 11.0 11.0 8.0 8.0 7.0 B45196L6104+10* B45196L6154+10* B45196L6224+10* B45196L6334+10* B45196L6474+10* B45196L6474+20* B45196L6684+10* B45196L6684+20* B45196L6105+10* + = Capacitance tolerance M = 20% K = 10% Page 12 of 16 B45196L4476+40* B45196L4476+50* B45196L4686+50* Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive CR Case size (20 C, 120 Hz) DFmax Ileak,max (20 C, 120 Hz) (20 C, VR, 5 min) F % A B 0.5 1 4 1.5 B 0.5 6 1.5 C 0.5 6 2.2 B 0.8 6 2.2 C 0.8 6 3.3 C 1.2 6 4.7 C 1.6 6 4.7 D 1.6 6 6.8 C 2.4 6 6.8 D 2.4 6 D 3.5 10 6 E 5.3 15 6 VR (up to 85 C) = 50 VDC, VR (up to 125 C) = 33 VDC 0.1 A 0.5 4 0.15 A 0.5 4 0.15 B 0.5 4 0.22 B 0.5 4 0.33 B 0.5 4 0.47 B 0.5 4 0.47 C 0.5 4 0.68 C 0.5 4 C 0.5 1 4 1.5 C 0.8 6 1.5 D 0.8 6 2.2 C 1.1 6 2.2 D 1.1 6 3.3 D 1.7 6 4.7 D 2.4 6 6.8 D 3.4 6 6.8 E 3.4 6 E 5.0 10 6 *= Code number for reel diameter 6 = 330-mm reel 9 = 180-mm reel Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Zmax (20 C, 100 kHz) 7.0 6.0 4.8 4.0 3.2 2.4 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.2 1.0 0.8 Ordering code 27.0 22.0 22.0 18.0 14.0 9.0 7.2 6.4 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.2 2.8 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 B45196L7104+10* B45196L7154+10* B45196L7154+20* B45196L7224+20* B45196L7334+20* B45196L7474+20* B45196L7474+30* B45196L7684+30* B45196L7105+30* B45196L7155+30* B45196L7155+40* B45196L7225+30* B45196L7225+40* B45196L7335+40* B45196L7475+40* B45196L7685+40* B45196L7685+50* B45196L7106+50* + = Capacitance tolerance M = 20% K = 10% Page 13 of 16 B45196L6105+20* B45196L6155+20* B45196L6155+30* B45196L6225+20* B45196L6225+30* B45196L6335+30* B45196L6475+30* B45196L6475+40* B45196L6685+30* B45196L6685+40* B45196L6106+40* B45196L6156+50* Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive Cautions and warnings When using tantalum capacitors with a manganese dioxide coating, the following cautions and warnings should be taken into account: Polarity Because tantalum capacitors are polar capacitors, it is important to observe their polarity markings (positive pole on the anode, negative pole on the cathode). Any incorrect polarity resulting from the sum of the AC and DC voltage components must be smaller than or equal to the permitted polarity reversal voltage. To avoid reducing their reliability, this voltage may only occur for a short time, at most five times for a duration of one minute per hour. Voltage The maximum continuous voltage depends on the ambient temperature. Within the temperature range of 55 to +85 C, the rated voltage is equal to the maximum continuous voltage. Between + 85 and + 125 C the maximum continuous voltage must be reduced linearly from the full rated voltage to 2/3 of it (derating). At 150 C (only B4519*P series) the voltage must be reduced to 1/2 and at 175 C (only B4519*T series) to 1/3 of the rated voltage. Operation below the maximum continuous voltage has a positive effect on the capacitor's failure rate. The maximum continuous voltage must not be exceeded. All unfavourable operating conditions (such as possible line overvoltages, unfavourable tolerances of the transformation ratio of the line transformer in the equipment, repeated overvoltages when the equipment is switched on, high ambient temperatures) must be taken into account when determining the operating voltage. The surge voltage is the maximum voltage (peak value) that may be applied to the capacitor for short periods, at most five times for a total duration of up to 1 minute per hour. The surge voltage must not be applied for periodic charging and discharging in the course of normal operation and cannot be part of the operating voltage. The permissible surge voltage for all capacitors in this data book is 1.3 x the rated voltage. The occurrence of voltage impulses (transient voltages) that exceed the surge voltage may lead to irreparable damage. Capacitance The actual capacitance of a capacitor can deviate from the rated capacitance by as much as the full magnitude of the tolerance at delivery. The capacitance varies with the temperature (at +125 C +12% up to +20%) and decreases with increasing frequency. Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Page 14 of 16 Tantalum chip capacitors B45196L, B45198L Automotive Low-resistance applications and voltage networks For low-resistance applications, KEMET recommends a maximum operating voltage of half the permissible maximum continuous voltage, so that the capacitors have sufficient tolerance to withstand voltage peaks. Depending on the conditions of use, the early failure rate is higher here by a factor of 2 to 20 than in the range with a constant failure rate as specified in the data book. When operated directly in a voltage network, the capacitor should be protected against overvoltage, e.g. by a suppressor diode, and against polarity reversal by a diode. If a capacitor is operated in an unprotected low-impedance circuit and fails because the permissible conditions for the forward DC voltage, reverse DC voltage, surge current, power dissipation or temperature are exceeded, the continued current flow through the overstressed capacitor may produce overheating. The overheated capacitor may damage the surrounding components and the circuit board. Storage conditions Capacitors with solid electrolyte may be stored at temperatures down to -80 C. The upper storage temperature must not exceed +85 C (for blister tape the temperature limit is +40 C). The storage conditions should not exceed +40 C and 70% R. H. A drypack is useful to prevent the effects of humidity. Please read Important notes and Cautions and warnings at the end of this document. Page 15 of 16 Important notes The following applies to all products named in this publication: 1. Some parts of this publication contain statements about the suitability of our products for certain areas of application. These statements are based on our knowledge of typical requirements that are often placed on our products in the areas of application concerned. We nevertheless expressly point out that such statements cannot be regarded as binding statements about the suitability of our products for a particular customer application. As a rule, KEMET is either unfamiliar with individual customer applications or less familiar with them than the customers themselves. For these reasons, it is always ultimately incumbent on the customer to check and decide whether a KEMET product with the properties described in the product specification is suitable for use in a particular customer application. 2. We also point out that in individual cases, a malfunction of passive electronic components or failure before the end of their usual service life cannot be completely ruled out in the current state of the art, even if they are operated as specified. In customer applications requiring a very high level of operational safety and especially in customer applications in which the malfunction or failure of a passive electronic component could endanger human life or health (e.g. in accident prevention or life-saving systems), it must therefore be ensured by means of suitable design of the customer application or other action taken by the customer (e.g. installation of protective circuitry or redundancy) that no injury or damage is sustained by third parties in the event of malfunction or failure of a passive electronic component. 3. The warnings, cautions and product-specific notes must be observed. 4. In order to satisfy certain technical requirements, some of the products described in this publication may contain substances subject to restrictions in certain jurisdictions (e.g. because they are classed as "hazardous"). Should you have any more detailed questions, please contact our sales offices. 5. We constantly strive to improve our products. Consequently, the products described in this publication may change from time to time. The same is true of the corresponding product specifications. Please check therefore to what extent product descriptions and specifications contained in this publication are still applicable before or when you place an order. We also reserve the right to discontinue production and delivery of products. Consequently, we cannot guarantee that all products named in this publication will always be available. 6. Unless otherwise agreed in individual contracts, all orders are subject to the current version of the "General Terms of Delivery for Products and Services in the Electrical Industry" published by the German Electrical and Electronics Industry Association (ZVEI). Page 16 of 16