ADC12D1000,ADC12D1600
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600 12-Bit, 2.0/3.2 GSPS Ultra High-Speed ADC
Literature Number: SNAS480K
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
October 17, 2011
12-Bit, 2.0/3.2 GSPS Ultra High-Speed ADC
1.0 General Description
The 12-bit, 2.0/3.2 GSPS ADC12D1000/1600 is the latest ad-
vance in National's Ultra High-Speed ADC family and builds
upon the features, architecture and functionality of the 10-bit
GHz family of ADCs.
The ADC12D1000/1600 provides a flexible LVDS interface
which has multiple SPI programmable options to facilitate
board design and FPGA/ASIC data capture. The LVDS out-
puts are compatible with IEEE 1596.3-1996 and support pro-
grammable common mode voltage.
The ADC12D1000/1600 is packaged in a leaded or lead-free
292-ball thermally enhanced BGA package over the rated in-
dustrial temperature range of -40°C to +85°C.
2.0 Applications
■Wideband Communications
■Data Acquisition Systems
■RADAR/LIDAR
■Set-top Box
■Consumer RF
■Software Defined Radio
3.0 Features
■Configurable to either 2.0/3.2 GSPS interleaved or 1.0/1.6
GSPS dual ADC
■Pin-compatible with ADC10D1x00 and ADC12D1x00
■Internally terminated, buffered, differential analog inputs
■Interleaved timing automatic and manual skew adjust
■Test patterns at output for system debug
■Programmable 15-bit gain and 12-bit plus sign offset
■Programmable tAD adjust feature
■1:1 non-demuxed or 1:2 demuxed LVDS outputs
■AutoSync feature for multi-chip systems
■Single 1.9V ± 0.1V power supply
4.0 Key Specifications
■Resolution 12 Bits
Interleaved 2.0/3.2 GSPS ADC
■Noise Floor -152.6/-153.6 dBm/Hz (typ)
■IMD3 -66/-63 dBFS (typ)
■Noise Power Ratio 49.5/48.5 dB (typ)
■Power 3.38/3.88W (typ)
■Full Power Bandwidth 1.75/1.75 GHz (typ)
Dual 1.0/1.6 GSPS ADC, Fin = 125 MHz
■ENOB 9.6/9.4 Bits (typ)
■SNR 60.2/58.5 dB (typ)
■SFDR 71/70.3 dBc (typ)
■Power 3.38/3.88W (typ)
■Full Power Bandwidth 2.8/2.8GHz (typ)
5.0 Simplified Block Diagram
30091611
© 2011 National Semiconductor Corporation 300916 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600 12-Bit, 2.0/3.2 GSPS Ultra High-Speed ADC
6.0 Wideband Performance
30091698
Wideband Performance
7.0 Ordering Information
Industrial Temperature Range (-40°C < TA < +85°C) NS Package
ADC12D1000/1600CIUT/NOPB Lead-free 292-Ball BGA Thermally Enhanced Package
ADC12D1000/1600CIUT Leaded 292-Ball BGA Thermally Enhanced Package
ADC12D1600RB Reference Board
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contract the National Semiconductor Sales Office/Distributors
for availability and specifications. IBIS models are available at: http://www.national.com/analog/adc/ibis_models.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
8.0 Connection Diagram
30091601
FIGURE 1. ADC12D1000/1600 Connection Diagram
The center ground pins are for thermal dissipation and must be soldered to a ground plane to ensure rated performance.
See Section 18.5 SUPPLY/GROUNDING, LAYOUT AND THERMAL RECOMMENDATIONS for more information.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Table of Contents
1.0 General Description ......................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 Applications .................................................................................................................................... 1
3.0 Features ........................................................................................................................................ 1
4.0 Key Specifications ........................................................................................................................... 1
5.0 Simplified Block Diagram .................................................................................................................. 1
6.0 Wideband Performance .................................................................................................................... 2
7.0 Ordering Information ....................................................................................................................... 2
8.0 Connection Diagram ........................................................................................................................ 3
9.0 Ball Descriptions and Equivalent Circuits ............................................................................................ 7
10.0 Absolute Maximum Ratings ........................................................................................................... 16
11.0 Operating Ratings ....................................................................................................................... 16
12.0 Converter Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................................ 17
13.0 Specification Definitions ................................................................................................................ 27
14.0 Transfer Characteristic ................................................................................................................. 29
15.0 Timing Diagrams ......................................................................................................................... 30
16.0 Typical Performance Plots ............................................................................................................ 33
17.0 Functional Description .................................................................................................................. 42
17.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 42
17.2 CONTROL MODES .............................................................................................................. 42
17.2.1 Non-Extended Control Mode ........................................................................................ 42
17.2.1.1 Dual Edge Sampling Pin (DES) ........................................................................... 42
17.2.1.2 Non-Demultiplexed Mode Pin (NDM) ................................................................... 42
17.2.1.3 Dual Data Rate Phase Pin (DDRPh) .................................................................... 43
17.2.1.4 Calibration Pin (CAL) ......................................................................................... 43
17.2.1.5 Calibration Delay Pin (CalDly) ............................................................................ 43
17.2.1.6 Power Down I-channel Pin (PDI) ......................................................................... 43
17.2.1.7 Power Down Q-channel Pin (PDQ) ...................................................................... 43
17.2.1.8 Test Pattern Mode Pin (TPM) ............................................................................. 43
17.2.1.9 Full-Scale Input Range Pin (FSR) ....................................................................... 43
17.2.1.10 AC/DC-Coupled Mode Pin (VCMO)..................................................................... 43
17.2.1.11 LVDS Output Common-mode Pin (VBG)............................................................. 43
17.2.2 Extended Control Mode ............................................................................................... 44
17.2.2.1 The Serial Interface ........................................................................................... 44
17.3 FEATURES ......................................................................................................................... 46
17.3.1 Input Control and Adjust .............................................................................................. 47
17.3.1.1 AC/DC-coupled Mode ........................................................................................ 47
17.3.1.2 Input Full-Scale Range Adjust ............................................................................ 47
17.3.1.3 Input Offset Adjust ............................................................................................ 47
17.3.1.4 DES/Non-DES Mode ......................................................................................... 47
17.3.1.5 DES Timing Adjust ............................................................................................ 47
17.3.1.6 Sampling Clock Phase Adjust ............................................................................. 47
17.3.2 Output Control and Adjust ............................................................................................ 47
17.3.2.1 DDR Clock Phase ............................................................................................. 47
17.3.2.2 LVDS Output Differential Voltage ........................................................................ 48
17.3.2.3 LVDS Output Common-Mode Voltage ................................................................. 48
17.3.2.4 Output Formatting ............................................................................................. 48
17.3.2.5 Demux/Non-demux Mode .................................................................................. 48
17.3.2.6 Test Pattern Mode ............................................................................................ 48
17.3.2.7 Time Stamp ..................................................................................................... 48
17.3.3 Calibration Feature ..................................................................................................... 48
17.3.3.1 Calibration Control Pins and Bits ......................................................................... 49
17.3.3.2 How to Execute a Calibration .............................................................................. 49
17.3.3.3 Power-on Calibration ......................................................................................... 49
17.3.3.4 On-command Calibration ................................................................................... 49
17.3.3.5 Calibration Adjust .............................................................................................. 49
17.3.3.6 Read/Write Calibration Settings .......................................................................... 49
17.3.3.7 Calibration and Power-Down .............................................................................. 50
17.3.3.8 Calibration and the Digital Outputs ...................................................................... 50
17.3.4 Power Down .............................................................................................................. 50
18.0 Applications Information ............................................................................................................... 51
18.1 THE ANALOG INPUTS ......................................................................................................... 51
18.1.1 Acquiring the Input ...................................................................................................... 51
18.1.2 Driving the ADC in DES Mode ...................................................................................... 51
18.1.3 FSR and the Reference Voltage ................................................................................... 52
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
18.1.4 Out-Of-Range Indication .............................................................................................. 52
18.1.5 Maximum Input Range ................................................................................................ 52
18.1.6 AC-coupled Input Signals ............................................................................................ 52
18.1.7 DC-coupled Input Signals ............................................................................................ 52
18.1.8 Single-Ended Input Signals .......................................................................................... 52
18.2 THE CLOCK INPUTS ........................................................................................................... 53
18.2.1 CLK Coupling ............................................................................................................. 53
18.2.2 CLK Frequency .......................................................................................................... 53
18.2.3 CLK Level .................................................................................................................. 53
18.2.4 CLK Duty Cycle .......................................................................................................... 53
18.2.5 CLK Jitter .................................................................................................................. 53
18.2.6 CLK Layout ................................................................................................................ 53
18.3 THE LVDS OUTPUTS ........................................................................................................... 53
18.3.1 Common-mode and Differential Voltage ......................................................................... 53
18.3.2 Output Data Rate ........................................................................................................ 54
18.3.3 Terminating Unused LVDS Output Pins ......................................................................... 54
18.4 SYNCHRONIZING MULTIPLE ADC12D1000/1600S IN A SYSTEM ............................................ 54
18.4.1 AutoSync Feature ....................................................................................................... 54
18.4.2 DCLK Reset Feature ................................................................................................... 54
18.5 SUPPLY/GROUNDING, LAYOUT AND THERMAL RECOMMENDATIONS ................................. 55
18.5.1 Power Planes ............................................................................................................. 55
18.5.2 Bypass Capacitors ...................................................................................................... 55
18.5.3 Ground Planes ........................................................................................................... 55
18.5.4 Power System Example ............................................................................................... 55
18.5.5 Thermal Management ................................................................................................. 57
18.6 SYSTEM POWER-ON CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................. 57
18.6.1 Power-on, Configuration, and Calibration ....................................................................... 57
18.6.2 Power-on and Data Clock (DCLK) ................................................................................. 59
18.7 RECOMMENDED SYSTEM CHIPS ........................................................................................ 59
18.7.1 Temperature Sensor ................................................................................................... 59
18.7.2 Clocking Device ......................................................................................................... 60
18.7.3 Amplifiers for the Analog Input ...................................................................................... 60
18.7.4 Balun Recommendations for Analog Input ...................................................................... 60
19.0 Register Definitions ...................................................................................................................... 61
20.0 Physical Dimensions .................................................................................................................... 68
List of Figures
FIGURE 1. ADC12D1000/1600 Connection Diagram ......................................................................................... 3
FIGURE 2. LVDS Output Signal Levels ......................................................................................................... 27
FIGURE 3. Input / Output Transfer Characteristic ............................................................................................ 29
FIGURE 4. Clocking in 1:2 Demux Non-DES Mode* ......................................................................................... 30
FIGURE 5. Clocking in Non-Demux Non-DES Mode* ........................................................................................ 30
FIGURE 6. Clocking in 1:4 Demux DES Mode* ............................................................................................... 31
FIGURE 7. Clocking in Non-Demux Mode DES Mode* ...................................................................................... 31
FIGURE 8. Data Clock Reset Timing (Demux Mode) ........................................................................................ 32
FIGURE 9. Power-on and On-Command Calibration Timing ................................................................................ 32
FIGURE 10. Serial Interface Timing ............................................................................................................. 32
FIGURE 11. Serial Data Protocol - Read Operation .......................................................................................... 44
FIGURE 12. Serial Data Protocol - Write Operation .......................................................................................... 45
FIGURE 13. DDR DCLK-to-Data Phase Relationship ........................................................................................ 48
FIGURE 14. Driving DESIQ Mode ............................................................................................................... 51
FIGURE 15. AC-coupled Differential Input ..................................................................................................... 52
FIGURE 16. Single-Ended to Differential Conversion Using a Balun ...................................................................... 52
FIGURE 17. Differential Input Clock Connection .............................................................................................. 53
FIGURE 18. AutoSync Example ................................................................................................................. 54
FIGURE 19. Power and Grounding Example .................................................................................................. 56
FIGURE 20. HSBGA Conceptual Drawing ..................................................................................................... 57
FIGURE 21. Power-on with Control Pins set by Pull-up/down Resistors .................................................................. 58
FIGURE 22. Power-on with Control Pins set by FPGA pre Power-on Cal ................................................................ 58
FIGURE 23. Power-on with Control Pins set by FPGA post Power-on Cal ............................................................... 59
FIGURE 24. Supply and DCLK Ramping ....................................................................................................... 59
FIGURE 25. Typical Temperature Sensor Application ....................................................................................... 60
List of Tables
TABLE 1. Analog Front-End and Clock Balls ................................................................................................... 7
TABLE 2. Control and Status Balls .............................................................................................................. 10
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
TABLE 3. Power and Ground Balls .............................................................................................................. 13
TABLE 4. High-Speed Digital Outputs .......................................................................................................... 14
TABLE 5. Package Thermal Resistance ........................................................................................................ 16
TABLE 6. Static Converter Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 17
TABLE 7. Dynamic Converter Characteristics ................................................................................................ 17
TABLE 8. Analog Input/Output and Reference Characteristics ............................................................................. 20
TABLE 9. I-Channel to Q-Channel Characteristics ............................................................................................ 21
TABLE 10. Sampling Clock Characteristics ................................................................................................... 21
TABLE 11. AutoSync Feature Characteristics ................................................................................................ 21
TABLE 12. Digital Control and Output Pin Characteristics ................................................................................... 22
TABLE 13. Power Supply Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 23
TABLE 14. AC Electrical Characteristics ....................................................................................................... 23
TABLE 15. Serial Port Interface .................................................................................................................. 24
TABLE 16. Calibration ............................................................................................................................. 25
TABLE 17. Non-ECM Pin Summary ............................................................................................................. 42
TABLE 18. Serial Interface Pins .................................................................................................................. 44
TABLE 19. Command and Data Field Definitions ............................................................................................. 44
TABLE 20. Features and Modes ................................................................................................................ 46
TABLE 21. Test Pattern by Output Port in Demux Mode .................................................................................... 48
TABLE 22. Test Pattern by Output Port in Non-Demux Mode .............................................................................. 48
TABLE 23. Calibration Pins ....................................................................................................................... 49
TABLE 24. Output Latency in Demux Mode ................................................................................................... 51
TABLE 25. Output Latency in Non-Demux Mode ............................................................................................. 51
TABLE 26. Unused Analog Input Recommended Termination ............................................................................. 51
TABLE 27. Unused AutoSync and DCLK Reset Pin Recommendation ................................................................... 54
TABLE 28. Temperature Sensor Recommendation .......................................................................................... 59
TABLE 29. Amplifier Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 60
TABLE 30. Balun Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 60
TABLE 31. Register Addresses .................................................................................................................. 61
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
9.0 Ball Descriptions and Equivalent Circuits
TABLE 1. Analog Front-End and Clock Balls
Ball No. Name Equivalent Circuit Description
H1/J1
N1/M1
VinI+/-
VinQ+/-
Differential signal I- and Q-inputs. In the Non-Du-
al Edge Sampling (Non-DES) Mode, each I- and
Q-input is sampled and converted by its respec-
tive channel with each positive transition of the
CLK input. In Non-ECM (Non-Extended Control
Mode) and DES Mode, both channels sample the
I-input. In Extended Control Mode (ECM), the Q-
input may optionally be selected for conversion
in DES Mode by the DEQ Bit (Addr: 0h, Bit 6).
Each I- and Q-channel input has an internal com-
mon mode bias that is disabled when DC-cou-
pled Mode is selected. Both inputs must be either
AC- or DC-coupled. The coupling mode is se-
lected by the VCMO Pin.
In Non-ECM, the full-scale range of these inputs
is determined by the FSR Pin; both I- and Q-
channels have the same full-scale input range. In
ECM, the full-scale input range of the I- and Q-
channel inputs may be independently set via the
Control Register (Addr: 3h and Addr: Bh). Note
that the high and low full-scale input range setting
in Non-ECM corresponds to the mid and mini-
mum full-scale input range in ECM.
The input offset may also be adjusted in ECM.
U2/V1 CLK+/-
Differential Converter Sampling Clock. In the
Non-DES Mode, the analog inputs are sampled
on the positive transitions of this clock signal. In
the DES Mode, the selected input is sampled on
both transitions of this clock. This clock must be
AC-coupled.
V2/W1 DCLK_RST+/-
Differential DCLK Reset. A positive pulse on this
input is used to reset the DCLKI and DCLKQ
outputs of two or more ADC12D1000/1600s in
order to synchronize them with other
ADC12D1000/1600s in the system. DCLKI and
DCLKQ are always in phase with each other,
unless one channel is powered down, and do not
require a pulse from DCLK_RST to become
synchronized. The pulse applied here must meet
timing relationships with respect to the CLK input.
Although supported, this feature has been
superseded by AutoSync.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Ball No. Name Equivalent Circuit Description
C2 VCMO
Common Mode Voltage Output or Signal
Coupling Select. If AC-coupled operation at the
analog inputs is desired, this pin should be held
at logic-low level. This pin is capable of sourcing/
sinking up to 100 µA. For DC-coupled operation,
this pin should be left floating or terminated into
high-impedance. In DC-coupled Mode, this pin
provides an output voltage which is the optimal
common-mode voltage for the input signal and
should be used to set the common-mode voltage
of the driving buffer.
B1 VBG
Bandgap Voltage Output or LVDS Common-
mode Voltage Select. This pin provides a
buffered version of the bandgap output voltage
and is capable of sourcing/sinking 100 uA and
driving a load of up to 80 pF. Alternately, this pin
may be used to select the LVDS digital output
common-mode voltage. If tied to logic-high, the
1.2V LVDS common-mode voltage is selected;
0.8V is the default.
C3/D3 Rext+/-
External Reference Resistor terminals. A 3.3 kΩ
±0.1% resistor should be connected between
Rext+/-. The Rext resistor is used as a reference
to trim internal circuits which affect the linearity of
the converter; the value and precision of this
resistor should not be compromised.
C1/D2 Rtrim+/-
Input Termination Trim Resistor terminals. A 3.3
kΩ ±0.1% resistor should be connected between
Rtrim+/-. The Rtrim resistor is used to establish
the calibrated 100Ω input impedance of VinI,
VinQ and CLK. These impedances may be fine
tuned by varying the value of the resistor by a
corresponding percentage; however, the tuning
range and performance is not guaranteed for
such an alternate value.
E2/F3 Tdiode+/-
Temperature Sensor Diode Positive (Anode) and
Negative (Cathode) Terminals. This set of pins is
used for die temperature measurements. It has
not been fully characterized.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Ball No. Name Equivalent Circuit Description
Y4/W5 RCLK+/-
Reference Clock Input. When the AutoSync
feature is active, and the ADC12D1000/1600 is
in Slave Mode, the internal divided clocks are
synchronized with respect to this input clock. The
delay on this clock may be adjusted when
synchronizing multiple ADCs. This feature is
available in ECM via Control Register (Addr:
Eh).
Y5/U6
V6/V7
RCOut1+/-
RCOut2+/-
Reference Clock Output 1 and 2. These signals
provide a reference clock at a rate of CLK/4,
when enabled, independently of whether the
ADC is in Master or Slave Mode. They are used
to drive the RCLK of another
ADC12D1000/1600, to enable automatic
synchronization for multiple ADCs (AutoSync
feature). The impedance of each trace from
RCOut1 and RCOut2 to the RCLK of another
ADC12D1000/1600 should be 100Ω differential.
Having two clock outputs allows the auto-
synchronization to propagate as a binary tree.
Use the DOC Bit (Addr: Eh, Bit 1) to enable/
disable this feature; default is disabled.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
TABLE 2. Control and Status Balls
Ball No. Name Equivalent Circuit Description
V5 DES
Dual Edge Sampling (DES) Mode select. In the
Non-Extended Control Mode (Non-ECM), when
this input is set to logic-high, the DES Mode of
operation is selected, meaning that the VinI input
is sampled by both channels in a time-interleaved
manner. The VinQ input is ignored. When this
input is set to logic-low, the device is in Non-DES
Mode, i.e. the I- and Q-channels operate
independently. In the Extended Control Mode
(ECM), this input is ignored and DES Mode
selection is controlled through the Control
Register by the DES Bit (Addr: 0h, Bit 7); default
is Non-DES Mode operation.
V4 CalDly
Calibration Delay select. By setting this input
logic-high or logic-low, the user can select the
device to wait a longer or shorter amount of time,
respectively, before the automatic power-on self-
calibration is initiated. This feature is pin-
controlled only and is always active during ECM
and Non-ECM.
D6 CAL
Calibration cycle initiate. The user can command
the device to execute a self-calibration cycle by
holding this input high a minimum of tCAL_H after
having held it low a minimum of tCAL_L. If this input
is held high at the time of power-on, the automatic
power-on calibration cycle is inhibited until this
input is cycled low-then-high. This pin is active in
both ECM and Non-ECM. In ECM, this pin is
logically OR'd with the CAL Bit (Addr: 0h, Bit 15)
in the Control Register. Therefore, both pin and
bit must be set low and then either can be set high
to execute an on-command calibration.
B5 CalRun
Calibration Running indication. This output is
logic-high while the calibration sequence is
executing. This output is logic-low otherwise.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Ball No. Name Equivalent Circuit Description
U3
V3
PDI
PDQ
Power Down I- and Q-channel. Setting either
input to logic-high powers down the respective I-
or Q-channel. Setting either input to logic-low
brings the respective I- or Q-channel to an
operational state after a finite time delay. This pin
is active in both ECM and Non-ECM. In ECM,
each Pin is logically OR'd with its respective Bit.
Therefore, either this pin or the PDI and PDQ Bit
in the Control Register can be used to power-
down the I- and Q-channel (Addr: 0h, Bit 11 and
Bit 10), respectively.
A4 TPM
Test Pattern Mode select. With this input at logic-
high, the device continuously outputs a fixed,
repetitive test pattern at the digital outputs. In the
ECM, this input is ignored and the Test Pattern
Mode can only be activated through the Control
Register by the TPM Bit (Addr: 0h, Bit 12).
A5 NDM
Non-Demuxed Mode select. Setting this input to
logic-high causes the digital output bus to be in
the 1:1 Non-Demuxed Mode. Setting this input to
logic-low causes the digital output bus to be in the
1:2 Demuxed Mode. This feature is pin-controlled
only and remains active during ECM and Non-
ECM.
Y3 FSR
Full-Scale input Range select. In Non-ECM,
when this input is set to logic-low or logic-high,
the full-scale differential input range for both I-
and Q-channel inputs is set to the lower or higher
FSR value, respectively. In the ECM, this input is
ignored and the full-scale range of the I- and Q-
channel inputs is independently determined by
the setting of Addr: 3h and Addr: Bh, respective-
ly. Note that the high (lower) FSR value in Non-
ECM corresponds to the mid (min) available
selection in ECM; the FSR range in ECM is
greater.
W4 DDRPh
DDR Phase select. This input, when logic-low,
selects the 0° Data-to-DCLK phase relationship.
When logic-high, it selects the 90° Data-to-DCLK
phase relationship, i.e. the DCLK transition
indicates the middle of the valid data outputs.
This pin only has an effect when the chip is in 1:2
Demuxed Mode, i.e. the NDM pin is set to logic-
low. In ECM, this input is ignored and the DDR
phase is selected through the Control Register by
the DPS Bit (Addr: 0h, Bit 14); the default is 0°
Mode.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Ball No. Name Equivalent Circuit Description
B3 ECE
Extended Control Enable bar. Extended feature
control through the SPI interface is enabled when
this signal is asserted (logic-low). In this case,
most of the direct control pins have no effect.
When this signal is de-asserted (logic-high), the
SPI interface is disabled, all SPI registers are
reset to their default values, and all available
settings are controlled via the control pins.
C4 SCS
Serial Chip Select bar. In ECM, when this signal
is asserted (logic-low), SCLK is used to clock in
serial data which is present on SDI and to source
serial data on SDO. When this signal is de-
asserted (logic-high), SDI is ignored and SDO is
at TRI-STATE.
C5 SCLK
Serial Clock. In ECM, serial data is shifted into
and out of the device synchronously to this clock
signal. This clock may be disabled and held logic-
low, as long as timing specifications are not
violated when the clock is enabled or disabled.
B4 SDI
Serial Data-In. In ECM, serial data is shifted into
the device on this pin while SCS signal is
asserted (logic-low).
A3 SDO
Serial Data-Out. In ECM, serial data is shifted out
of the device on this pin while SCS signal is
asserted (logic-low). This output is at TRI-STATE
when SCS is de-asserted.
D1, D7, E3, F4,
W3, U7 DNC NONE
Do Not Connect. These pins are used for internal
purposes and should not be connected, i.e. left
floating. Do not ground.
C7 NC NONE Not Connected. This pin is not bonded and may
be left floating or connected to any potential.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
TABLE 3. Power and Ground Balls
Ball No. Name Equivalent Circuit Description
A2, A6, B6, C6,
D8, D9, E1, F1,
H4, N4, R1, T1,
U8, U9, W6, Y2,
Y6
VANONE
Power Supply for the Analog circuitry. This
supply is tied to the ESD ring. Therefore, it must
be powered up before or with any other supply.
G1, G3, G4, H2,
J3, K3, L3, M3,
N2, P1, P3, P4,
R3, R4
VTC NONE Power Supply for the Track-and-Hold and Clock
circuitry.
A11, A15, C18,
D11, D15, D17,
J17, J20, R17,
R20, T17, U11,
U15, U16, Y11,
Y15
VDR NONE Power Supply for the Output Drivers.
A8, B9, C8, V8,
W9, Y8 VENONE Power Supply for the Digital Encoder.
J4, K2 VbiasI NONE
Bias Voltage I-channel. This is an externally
decoupled bias voltage for the I-channel. Each
pin should individually be decoupled with a 100
nF capacitor via a low resistance, low inductance
path to GND.
L2, M4 VbiasQ NONE
Bias Voltage Q-channel. This is an externally
decoupled bias voltage for the Q-channel. Each
pin should individually be decoupled with a 100
nF capacitor via a low resistance, low inductance
path to GND.
A1, A7, B2, B7,
D4, D5, E4, K1,
L1, T4, U4, U5,
W2, W7, Y1, Y7,
H8:N13
GND NONE Ground Return for the Analog circuitry.
F2, G2, H3, J2,
K4, L4, M2, N3,
P2, R2, T2, T3, U1
GNDTC NONE Ground Return for the Track-and-Hold and Clock
circuitry.
A13, A17, A20,
D13, D16, E17,
F17, F20, M17,
M20, U13, U17,
V18, Y13, Y17,
Y20
GNDDR NONE Ground Return for the Output Drivers.
A9, B8, C9, V9,
W8, Y9 GNDENONE Ground Return for the Digital Encoder.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
TABLE 4. High-Speed Digital Outputs
Ball No. Name Equivalent Circuit Description
K19/K20
L19/L20
DCLKI+/-
DCLKQ+/-
Data Clock Output for the I- and Q-channel data
bus. These differential clock outputs are used to
latch the output data and, if used, should always
be terminated with a 100Ω differential resistor
placed as closely as possible to the differential
receiver. Delayed and non-delayed data outputs
are supplied synchronously to this signal. In 1:2
Demux Mode or Non-Demux Mode, this signal is
at ¼ or ½ the sampling clock rate, respectively.
DCLKI and DCLKQ are always in phase with
each other, unless one channel is powered down,
and do not require a pulse from DCLK_RST to
become synchronized.
K17/K18
L17/L18
ORI+/-
ORQ+/-
Out-of-Range Output for the I- and Q-channel.
This differential output is asserted logic-high
while the over- or under-range condition exists,
i.e. the differential signal at each respective
analog input exceeds the full-scale value. Each
OR result refers to the current Data, with which it
is clocked out. If used, each of these outputs
should always be terminated with a 100Ω
differential resistor placed as closely as possible
to the differential receiver.
www.national.com 14
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Ball No. Name Equivalent Circuit Description
J18/J19
H19/H20
H17/H18
G19/G20
G17/G18
F18/F19
E19/E20
D19/D20
D18/E18
C19/C20
B19/B20
B18/C17
·
M18/M19
N19/N20
N17/N18
P19/P20
P17/P18
R18/R19
T19/T20
U19/U20
U18/T18
V19/V20
W19/W20
W18/V17
DI11+/-
DI10+/-
DI9+/-
DI8+/-
DI7+/-
DI6+/-
DI5+/-
DI4+/-
DI3+/-
DI2+/-
DI1+/-
DI0+/-
·
DQ11+/-
DQ10+/-
DQ9+/-
DQ8+/-
DQ7+/-
DQ6+/-
DQ5+/-
DQ4+/-
DQ3+/-
DQ2+/-
DQ1+/-
DQ0+/-
I- and Q-channel Digital Data Outputs. In Non-
Demux Mode, this LVDS data is transmitted at
the sampling clock rate. In Demux Mode, these
outputs provide ½ the data at ½ the sampling
clock rate, synchronized with the delayed data,
i.e. the other ½ of the data which was sampled
one clock cycle earlier. Compared with the DId
and DQd outputs, these outputs represent the
later time samples. If used, each of these outputs
should always be terminated with a 100Ω
differential resistor placed as closely as possible
to the differential receiver.
A18/A19
B17/C16
A16/B16
B15/C15
C14/D14
A14/B14
B13/C13
C12/D12
A12/B12
B11/C11
C10/D10
A10/B10
·
Y18/Y19
W17/V16
Y16/W16
W15/V15
V14/U14
Y14/W14
W13/V13
V12/U12
Y12/W12
W11/V11
V10/U10
Y10/W10
DId11+/-
DId10+/-
DId9+/-
DId8+/-
DId7+/-
DId6+/-
DId5+/-
DId4+/-
DId3+/-
DId2+/-
DId1+/-
DId0+/-
·
DQd11+/-
DQd10+/-
DQd9+/-
DQd8+/-
DQd7+/-
DQd6+/-
DQd5+/-
DQd4+/-
DQd3+/-
DQd2+/-
DQd1+/-
DQd0+/-
Delayed I- and Q-channel Digital Data Outputs.
In Non-Demux Mode, these outputs are at TRI-
STATE. In Demux Mode, these outputs provide
½ the data at ½ the sampling clock rate,
synchronized with the non-delayed data, i.e. the
other ½ of the data which was sampled one clock
cycle later. Compared with the DI and DQ
outputs, these outputs represent the earlier time
samples. If used, each of these outputs should
always be terminated with a 100Ω differential
resistor placed as closely as possible to the
differential receiver.
15 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
10.0 Absolute Maximum Ratings
(Note 1, Note 2)
Supply Voltage (VA, VTC, VDR, VE)2.2V
Supply Difference
max(VA/TC/DR/E)-
min(VA/TC/DR/E)0V to 100 mV
Voltage on Any Input Pin
(except VIN+/-)
−0.15V to
(VA + 0.15V)
VIN+/- Voltage Range -0.5V to 2.5V
Ground Difference
max(GNDTC/DR/E)
-min(GNDTC/DR/E)0V to 100 mV
Input Current at Any Pin (Note 3) ±50 mA
ADC12D1000 Package Power
Dissipation at TA ≤ 75°C (Note 3)4.06 W
ADC12D1600 Package Power
Dissipation at TA ≤ 65°C (Note 3)4.37 W
ESD Susceptibility (Note 4)
Human Body Model
Charged Device Model
Machine Model
2500V
1000V
250V
Storage Temperature −65°C to +150°C
11.0 Operating Ratings
(Note 1, Note 2)
Ambient Temperature Range
ADC12D1000 (Standard JEDEC
thermal model) −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +75°C
ADC12D1600 (Standard JEDEC
thermal model) −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +65°C
ADC12D1000/1600 (Enhanced
thermal model/heatsink) −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
Junction Temperature Range - applies only to maximum
operating speed.
ADC12D1000 Junction
Temperature Range TJ ≤ +140°C
ADC12D1600 Junction
Temperature Range TJ ≤ +135°C
Supply Voltage (VA, VTC, VE)+1.8V to +2.0V
Driver Supply Voltage (VDR) +1.8V to VA
VIN+/- Voltage Range (Note 15) -0.4V to 2.4V
(d.c.-coupled)
VIN+/- Differential Voltage (Note
18)
1.0V (d.c.-coupled
@100% duty cycle)
2.0V (d.c.-coupled
@20% duty cycle)
2.8V (d.c.-coupled
@10% duty cycle)
VIN+/- Current Range (Note 15) ±50 mA peak
(a.c.-coupled)
Ground Difference
max(GNDTC/DR/E)
-min(GNDTC/DR/E)0V
CLK+/- Voltage Range 0V to VA
Differential CLK Amplitude 0.4VP-P to 2.0VP-P
Common Mode Input Voltage VCMO - 150mV <
VCMI < VCMO +150mV
TABLE 5. Package Thermal Resistance
Package θJA θJC1 θJC2
292-Ball BGA Thermally
Enhanced Package
16°C/W 2.9°C/W 2.5°C/W
Soldering process must comply with National
Semiconductor’s Reflow Temperature Profile specifications.
Refer to www.national.com/packaging. (Note 5)
www.national.com 16
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
12.0 Converter Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, the following apply after calibration for VA = VDR = VTC = VE = +1.9V; I- and Q-channels, AC-coupled,
unused channel terminated to AC ground, FSR Pin = High; CL = 10 pF; Differential, AC coupled Sine Wave Sampling Clock,
fCLK = 1.0/1.6 GHz at 0.5 VP-P with 50% duty cycle (as specified); VBG = Floating; Non-Extended Control Mode; Rext = Rtrim =
3300Ω ± 0.1%; Analog Signal Source Impedance = 100Ω Differential; 1:2 Demultiplex Non-DES Mode; Duty Cycle Stabilizer on.
Boldface limits apply for TA = TMIN to TMAX. All other limits TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. (Note 6, Note 7, Note 8)
TABLE 6. Static Converter Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
Resolution with No Missing Codes 12 12 bits
INL Integral Non-Linearity
(Best fit)
1 MHz DC-coupled over-ranged
sine wave ±2.5 ±4.8 ±2.5 ±4.8 LSB (max)
DNL Differential Non-Linearity 1 MHz DC-coupled over-ranged
sine wave ±0.4 ±0.9 ±0.4 ±0.9 LSB (max)
VOFF Offset Error 5 5 LSB
VOFF_ADJ Input Offset Adjustment Range Extended Control Mode ±45 ±45 mV
PFSE Positive Full-Scale Error (Note 9) ±25 ±25 mV (max)
NFSE Negative Full-Scale Error (Note 9) ±25 ±25 mV (max)
Out-of-Range Output Code (Note
10)
(VIN+) − (VIN−) > + Full Scale 4095 4095
(VIN+) − (VIN−) < − Full Scale 0 0
TABLE 7. Dynamic Converter Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
FPBW Full Power Bandwidth Non-DES Mode 2.8 2.8 GHz
DESI, DESQ Mode 1.25 1.25 GHz
DESIQ Mode 1.75 1.75 GHz
Gain Flatness Non-DES Mode
D.C. to Fs/2 0.35 0.5 dB
D.C. to Fs 0.5 1.0 dB
DESI, DESQ Mode
D.C. to Fs/2 2.4 4.0 dB
DESIQ Mode
D.C. to Fs/2 1.9 2.0 dB
CER Code Error Rate 10-18 10-18 Error/
Sample
NPR Noise Power Ratio (Note 16) 49.5 48.5 dB
IMD3 3rd order Intermodulation
Distortion
FIN1 = 1212.52 MHz @ -7dBFS
FIN2 = 1217.52 MHz @ -7dBFS
DESIQ Mode
-66 -63 dBFS
-59 -56 dBc
Noise Floor Density 50Ω single-ended termination,
DES Mode
-152.6 -153.6 dBm/Hz
-151.6 -152.6 dBFS/Hz
Wideband input, DES Mode (Note
17)
-151.5 -152.6 dBm/Hz
-150.5 -151.6 dBFS/Hz
17 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
Non-DES Mode (Note 12, Note 14)
ENOB Effective Number of Bits AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 9.6 9.4 bits
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 9.5 8.7 9.4 8.6 bits (min)
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 9.4 8.7 9.3 8.6 bits (min)
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 8.9 8.9 bits
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 8.6 8.6 bits
SINAD Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion
Ratio
AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 59.7 58.2 dB
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 59 54.1 58 53.5 dB (min)
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 58.2 54.1 57.8 53.5 dB (min)
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 55.4 55.1 dB
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 53.6 53.8 dB
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 60.2 58.5 dB
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 59.7 55.1 58.7 54.6 dB (min)
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 58.7 55.1 58.5 54.6 dB (min)
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 56.3 56.5 dB
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 54.1 55 dB
THD Total Harmonic Distortion AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -68.7 -70.3 dB
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -67 -61 -66.6 -60 dB (max)
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -67.4 -61 -66 -60 dB (max)
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -62.9 -60.8 dB
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -63 -60 dB
2nd Harm Second Harmonic Distortion AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -75.7 -75 dBc
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -75.7 -80 dBc
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -79.8 -71 dBc
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -70 -73 dBc
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -67 -67 dBc
3rd Harm Third Harmonic Distortion AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -71 -74 dBc
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -68.4 -68 dBc
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -68.7 -69 dBc
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -66 -62 dBc
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -67 -61 dBc
SFDR Spurious-Free Dynamic Range AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 71 70.3 dBc
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 68.4 61 68 60 dBc (min)
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 68.7 61 68.2 60 dBc (min)
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 66 62 dBc
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 67 61.9 dBc
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
DES Mode (Note 12, Note 13, Note 14)
ENOB Effective Number of Bits AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 9.5 9.4 bits
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 9.4 8.7 9.2 8.6 bits (min)
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 9.2 9.1 bits
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 8.8 8.5 bits
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 8.6 8.5 bits
SINAD Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion
Ratio
AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 59 58.2 dB
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 58.6 54 57 53.5 dB (min)
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 57.3 56.9 dB
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 54.5 52.7 dB
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 53.9 52.7 dB
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 59.2 58.6 dB
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 58.9 55.3 57.9 54.6 dB (min)
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 58.3 57.6 dB
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 55.9 53.6 dB
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 54.2 53.3 dB
THD Total Harmonic Distortion AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -74 -68.2 dB
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -71.2 -60 -64.6 -60 dB (max)
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -63.8 -66.3 dB
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -60 -60 dB
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -65 -61.7 dB
2nd Harm Second Harmonic Distortion AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -82 -77.3 dBc
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -82 -82.7 dBc
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -72 -71.6 dBc
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -63.2 -63 dBc
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -75 -75.6 dBc
3rd Harm Third Harmonic Distortion AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -82 -69.8 dBc
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -73 -65.3 dBc
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -65 -67.3 dBc
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -65 -63 dBc
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS -67 -62.4 dBc
SFDR Spurious-Free Dynamic Range AIN = 125 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 69 69.8 dBc
AIN = 248 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 69 60 65.3 60 dBc (min)
AIN = 498 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 65 67.3 dBc
AIN = 998 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 64 60.2 dBc
AIN = 1448 MHz @ -0.5 dBFS 66 60 dBc
19 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
TABLE 8. Analog Input/Output and Reference Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
Analog Inputs
VIN_FSR Analog Differential Input Full Scale
Range
Non-Extended Control Mode
FSR Pin Low
600
540
600
540 mVP-P
(min)
660 660 mVP-P
(max)
FSR Pin High
800
740
800
740 mVP-P
(min)
860 860 mVP-P
(max)
Extended Control Mode
FM(14:0) = 0000h600 600 mVP-P
FM(14:0) = 4000h (default) 800 800 mVP-P
FM(14:0) = 7FFFh1000 1000 mVP-P
CIN Analog Input Capacitance,
Non-DES Mode (Note 10, Note
19)
Differential 0.02 0.02 pF
Each input pin to ground 1.6 1.6 pF
Analog Input Capacitance,
DES Mode (Note 10, Note 19)
Differential 0.08 0.08 pF
Each input pin to ground 2.2 2.2 pF
RIN Differential Input Resistance 100 91 100 91 Ω (min)
109 109 Ω (max)
Common Mode Output
VCMO Common Mode Output Voltage ICMO = ±100 µA 1.25 1.15 1.25 1.15 V (min)
1.35 1.35 V (max)
TC_VCMO Common Mode Output Voltage
Temperature Coefficient
ICMO = ±100 µA 38 38 ppm/°C
VCMO_LVL VCMO input threshold to set
DC-coupling Mode
0.63 0.63 V
CL_VCMO Maximum VCMO Load Capacitance (Note 10) 80 80 pF
Bandgap Reference
VBG Bandgap Reference Output
Voltage
IBG = ±100 µA 1.25 1.15 1.25 1.15 V (min)
1.35 1.35 V (max)
TC_VBG Bandgap Reference Voltage
Temperature Coefficient
IBG = ±100 µA 32 32 ppm/°C
CL_VBG Maximum Bandgap Reference
load Capacitance
(Note 10) 80 80 pF
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
TABLE 9. I-Channel to Q-Channel Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
Offset Match 2 2 LSB
Positive Full-Scale Match Zero offset selected in
Control Register 2 2 LSB
Negative Full-Scale Match Zero offset selected in
Control Register 2 2 LSB
Phase Matching (I, Q) fIN = 1.0 GHz < 1 < 1 Degree
X-TALK Crosstalk from I-channel
(Aggressor) to Q-channel (Victim)
Aggressor = 867 MHz F.S.
Victim = 100 MHz F.S. −70 −70 dB
Crosstalk from Q-channel
(Aggressor) to I-channel (Victim)
Aggressor = 867 MHz F.S.
Victim = 100 MHz F.S. −70 −70 dB
TABLE 10. Sampling Clock Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
VIN_CLK Differential Sampling Clock Input
Level (Note 11)
Sine Wave Clock
Differential Peak-to-Peak 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 VP-P (min)
2.0 2.0 VP-P (max)
Square Wave Clock
Differential Peak-to-Peak 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 VP-P (min)
2.0 2.0 VP-P (max)
CIN_CLK Sampling Clock Input Capacitance
(Note 10)
Differential 0.1 0.1 pF
Each input to ground 1 1 pF
RIN_CLK Sampling Clock Differential Input
Resistance
100 100 Ω
TABLE 11. AutoSync Feature Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
VIN_RCLK Differential RCLK Input Level Differential Peak-to-Peak 360 360 mVP-P
CIN_RCLK RCLK Input Capacitance Differential 0.1 0.1 pF
Each input to ground 1 1 pF
RIN_RCLK RCLK Differential Input
Resistance
100 100 Ω
IIH_RCLK Input Leakage Current;
VIN = VA
22 22 µA
IIL_RCLK Input Leakage Current;
VIN = GND
-33 -33 µA
VO_RCOUT Differential RCOut Output Voltage 360 360 mV
21 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
TABLE 12. Digital Control and Output Pin Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
Digital Control Pins (DES, CalDly, CAL, PDI, PDQ, TPM, NDM, FSR, DDRPh, ECE, SCLK, SDI, SCS)
VIH Logic High Input Voltage 0.7×VA 0.7×VAV (min)
VIL Logic Low Input Voltage 0.3×VA 0.3×VAV (max)
IIH Input Leakage Current;
VIN = VA
0.02 0.02 μA
IIL Input Leakage Current;
VIN = GND
FSR, CalDly, CAL, NDM, TPM,
DDRPh, DES -0.02 -0.02 μA
SCS, SCLK, SDI -17 -17 μA
PDI, PDQ, ECE -38 -38 μA
CIN_DIG Digital Control Pin Input
Capacitance (Note 10)
Measured from each control pin to
GND 1.5 1.5 pF
Digital Output Pins (Data, DCLKI, DCLKQ, ORI, ORQ)
VOD LVDS Differential Output Voltage VBG = Floating, OVS = High
630
400
630
400 mVP-P
(min)
800 800 mVP-P
(max)
VBG = Floating, OVS = Low
460
230
460
230 mVP-P
(min)
630 630 mVP-P
(max)
VBG = VA, OVS = High 670 670 mVP-P
VBG = VA, OVS = Low 500 500 mVP-P
ΔVO DIFF Change in LVDS Output Swing
Between Logic Levels
±1 ±1 mV
VOS Output Offset Voltage VBG = Floating 0.8 0.8 V
VBG = VA1.2 1.2 V
ΔVOS Output Offset Voltage Change
Between Logic Levels
±1 ±1 mV
IOS Output Short Circuit Current VBG = Floating;
D+ and D− connected to 0.8V ±4 ±4 mA
ZODifferential Output Impedance 100 100 Ω
VOH Logic High Output Level CalRun, IOH = −100 µA, (Note 11)
SDO, IOH = −400 µA (Note 11)1.65 1.65 V
VOL Logic Low Output Level CalRun, IOL = 100 µA, (Note 11)
SDO, IOL = 400 µA (Note 11)0.15 0.15 V
Differential DCLK Reset Pins (DCLK_RST)
VCMI_DRST DCLK_RST Common Mode Input
Voltage
1.25 1.25 V
VID_DRST Differential DCLK_RST Input
Voltage
VIN_CLK VIN_CLK VP-P
RIN_DRST Differential DCLK_RST Input
Resistance
(Note 10)100 100 Ω
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
TABLE 13. Power Supply Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
IAAnalog Supply Current PDI = PDQ = Low 1110 1235 mA
PDI = Low; PDQ = High 610 670 mA
PDI = High; PDQ = Low 610 670 mA
PDI = PDQ = High 15 15 mA
ITC Track-and-Hold and Clock Supply
Current
PDI = PDQ = Low 400 470 mA
PDI = Low; PDQ = High 240 280 mA
PDI = High; PDQ = Low 240 280 mA
PDI = PDQ = High 4 4 mA
IDR Output Driver Supply Current PDI = PDQ = Low 305 325 mA
PDI = Low; PDQ = High 160 170 mA
PDI = High; PDQ = Low 160 170 mA
PDI = PDQ = High 3 3 mA
IEDigital Encoder Supply Current PDI = PDQ = Low 80 140 mA
PDI = Low; PDQ = High 40 70 mA
PDI = High; PDQ = Low 40 70 mA
PDI = PDQ = High 1 1 mA
ITOTAL Total Supply Current 1:2 Demux Mode
PDI = PDQ = Low 1895 2105 2170 2310 mA (max)
Non-Demux Mode
PDI = PDQ = Low 1780 2040 mA (max)
PCPower Consumption 1:2 Demux Mode
PDI = PDQ = Low 3.60 44.12 4.4 W (max)
PDI = Low; PDQ = High 1.99 2.26 W
PDI = High; PDQ = Low 1.99 2.26 W
PDI = PDQ = High 43 43 mW
Non-Demux Mode
PDI = PDQ = Low 3.38 3.88 W (max)
TABLE 14. AC Electrical Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
Sampling Clock (CLK)
fCLK (max) Maximum Sampling Clock
Frequency
1.0 1.6 GHz
fCLK (min) Minimum Sampling Clock
Frequency
Non-DES Mode; LFS = 0b 300 300 MHz
Non-DES Mode; LFS = 1b 150 150 MHz
DES Mode 500 500 MHz
Sampling Clock Duty Cycle fCLK(min) ≤ fCLK ≤ fCLK(max)
(Note 11)50 20 50 20 % (min)
80 80 % (max)
tCL Sampling Clock Low Time (Note 10)500 200 312.5 125 ps (min)
tCH Sampling Clock High Time (Note 10)500 200 312.5 125 ps (min)
Data Clock (DCLKI, DCLKQ)
DCLK Duty Cycle (Note 10)50 45 50 45 % (min)
55 55 % (max)
tSR Setup Time DCLK_RST± (Note 11)45 45 ps
tHR Hold Time DCLK_RST± (Note 11)45 45 ps
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
tPWR Pulse Width DCLK_RST± (Note 10)
5 5
Sampling
Clock
Cycles
(min)
tSYNC_DLY DCLK Synchronization Delay 90° Mode (Note 10) 4 4Sampling
Clock
Cycles
0° Mode (Note 10) 5 5
tLHT Differential Low-to-High Transition
Time
10%-to-90%, CL = 2.5 pF 200 200 ps
tHLT Differential High-to-Low Transition
Time
10%-to-90%, CL = 2.5 pF 200 200 ps
tSU Data-to-DCLK Setup Time 90° Mode (Note 10)870 500 ps
tHDCLK-to-Data Hold Time 90° Mode (Note 10)870 500 ps
tOSK DCLK-to-Data Output Skew 50% of DCLK transition to 50% of
Data transition (Note 10)±50 ±50 ps (max)
Data Input-to-Output
tAD Aperture Delay Sampling CLK+ Rise to
Acquisition of Data 1.15 1.15 ns
tAJ Aperture Jitter 0.2 0.2 ps (rms)
tOD Sampling Clock-to Data Output
Delay (in addition to Latency)
50% of Sampling Clock transition
to 50% of Data transition 3.2 3.2 ns
tLAT Latency in 1:2 Demux Non-DES
Mode (Note 10)
DI, DQ Outputs 34 34
Sampling
Clock
Cycles
DId, DQd Outputs 35 35
Latency in 1:4 Demux DES Mode
(Note 10)
DI Outputs 34 34
DQ Outputs 34.5 34.5
DId Outputs 35 35
DQd Outputs 35.5 35.5
Latency in Non-Demux Non-DES
Mode (Note 10)
DI Outputs 34 34
DQ Outputs 34 34
Latency in Non-Demux DES Mode
(Note 10)
DI Outputs 34 34
DQ Outputs 34.5 34.5
tORR Over Range Recovery Time Differential VIN step from ±1.2V to
0V to accurate conversion 1 1
Sampling
Clock
Cycle
tWU Wake-Up Time (PDI/PDQ low to
Rated Accuracy Conversion)
Non-DES Mode (Note 10) 500 500 ns
DES Mode (Note 10) 1 1 µs
TABLE 15. Serial Port Interface
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
fSCLK Serial Clock Frequency (Note 10)15 15 MHz
Serial Clock Low Time 30 30 ns (min)
Serial Clock High Time 30 30 ns (min)
tSSU Serial Data-to-Serial Clock Rising
Setup Time
(Note 10)2.5 2.5 ns (min)
tSH Serial Data-to-Serial Clock Rising
Hold Time
(Note 10)1 1 ns (min)
tSCS SCS-to-Serial Clock Rising Setup
Time
2.5 2.5 ns
www.national.com 24
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
tHCS SCS-to-Serial Clock Falling Hold
Time
1.5 1.5 ns
tBSU Bus turn-around time 10 10 ns
TABLE 16. Calibration
Symbol Parameter Conditions ADC12D1000 ADC12D1600 Units
(Limits)
Typ Lim Typ Lim
tCAL Calibration Cycle Time CSS = 0b
5.2·107 5.2·107
Sampling
Clock
Cycles
CSS = 1b
tCAL_L CAL Pin Low Time (Note 10) 1280 1280 Sampling
Clock
Cycles
(min)
tCAL_H CAL Pin High Time (Note 10)
1280 1280
tCalDly Calibration delay determined by
CalDly Pin (Note 10)
CalDly = Low 224 224 Sampling
Clock
Cycles
(max)
CalDly = High
230 230
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. There is no guarantee of operation at the Absolute Maximum
Ratings. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications
and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics
may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions.
Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to GND = GNDTC = GNDDR = GNDE = 0V, unless otherwise specified.
Note 3: When the input voltage at any pin exceeds the power supply limits, i.e. less than GND or greater than VA, the current at that pin should be limited to 50
mA. In addition, over-voltage at a pin must adhere to the maximum voltage limits. Simultaneous over-voltage at multiple pins requires adherence to the maximum
package power dissipation limits. These dissipation limits are calculated using JEDEC JESD51-7 thermal model. Higher dissipation may be possible based on
specific customer thermal situation and specified package thermal resistances from junction to case.
Note 4: Human body model is 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor. Machine model is 220 pF discharged through 0Ω. Charged device model
simulates a pin slowly acquiring charge (such as from a device sliding down the feeder in an automated assembler) then rapidly being discharged.
Note 5: Reflow temperature profiles are different for lead-free and non-lead-free packages.
Note 6: The analog inputs, labeled "I/O", are protected as shown below. Input voltage magnitudes beyond the Absolute Maximum Ratings may damage this
device.
30091604
Note 7: To guarantee accuracy, it is required that VA, VTC, VE and VDR be well-bypassed. Each supply pin must be decoupled with separate bypass capacitors.
Note 8: Typical figures are at TA = 25°C, and represent most likely parametric norms. Test limits are guaranteed to National's AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality
Level).
Note 9: Calculation of Full-Scale Error for this device assumes that the actual reference voltage is exactly its nominal value. Full-Scale Error for this device,
therefore, is a combination of Full-Scale Error and Reference Voltage Error. See Figure 3. For relationship between Gain Error and Full-Scale Error, see
Specification Definitions for Gain Error.
Note 10: This parameter is guaranteed by design and is not tested in production.
Note 11: This parameter is guaranteed by design and/or characterization and is not tested in production.
Note 12: The Dynamic Specifications are guaranteed for room to hot ambient temperature only (25°C to 85°C). Refer to the plots of the dynamic performance
vs. temperature in the Typical Performance Plots to see typical performance from cold to room temperature (-40°C to 25°C).
Note 13: These measurements were taken in Extended Control Mode (ECM) with the DES Timing Adjust feature enabled (Addr: 7h). This feature is used to
reduce the interleaving timing spur amplitude, which occurs at fs/2-fin, and thereby increase the SFDR, SINAD and ENOB.
25 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Note 14: The Fs/2 spur was removed from all the dynamic performance spectifications.
Note 15: Proper common mode voltage must be maintained to ensure proper output codes, especially during input overdrive.
Note 16: The NPR was measured using an Agilent N6030A Arbitrary Waveform Generator (ARB) to generate the input signal. See the Wideband Performance
for an example spectrum. The "noise" portion of the signal was created by tones spaced at 500kHz and the "notch" was a 25MHz absence of tones centered at
320MHz. The bandwidth of this equipment is only 500MHz, so the final reported NPR was extrapolated from the measured NPR as if the entire Nyquist band
were occupied with noise.
Note 17: The Noise Floor was measured for two conditions: the analog input terminated with 50Ω, and in the presence of a 500MHz wideband noise signal with
total power just below the maximum input level to the ADC. In both cases, the spurs at DC, Fs/4 and Fs/2 were removed. The power over the entire Nyquist band
(except the noise signal) was integrated and the average number is reported.
Note 18: This rating is intended for d.c.-coupled applications; the voltages listed may be safely applied to VIN+/- for the life-time duty-cycle of the part.
Note 19: The differential and pin-to-ground input capacitances are lumped capacitance values from design; they are defined as shown below.
30091636
www.national.com 26
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
13.0 Specification Definitions
APERTURE (SAMPLING) DELAY is the amount of delay,
measured from the sampling edge of the CLK input, after
which the signal present at the input pin is sampled inside the
device.
APERTURE JITTER (tAJ) is the variation in aperture delay
from sample-to-sample. Aperture jitter can be effectively con-
sidered as noise at the input.
CODE ERROR RATE (CER) is the probability of error and is
defined as the probable number of word errors on the ADC
output per unit of time divided by the number of words seen
in that amount of time. A CER of 10-18 corresponds to a sta-
tistical error in one word about every 31.7 years for the
ADC12D1000.
CLOCK DUTY CYCLE is the ratio of the time that the clock
waveform is at a logic high to the total time of one clock period.
DIFFERENTIAL NON-LINEARITY (DNL) is the measure of
the maximum deviation from the ideal step size of 1 LSB. It is
measured at the relevant sample rate, fCLK, with fIN = 1MHz
sine wave.
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS (ENOB, or EFFECTIVE
BITS) is another method of specifying Signal-to-Noise and
Distortion Ratio, or SINAD. ENOB is defined as (SINAD −
1.76) / 6.02 and states that the converter is equivalent to a
perfect ADC of this many (ENOB) number of bits.
FULL POWER BANDWIDTH (FPBW) is a measure of the
frequency at which the reconstructed output fundamental
drops to 3 dB below its low frequency value for a full-scale
input.
GAIN ERROR is the deviation from the ideal slope of the
transfer function. It can be calculated from Offset and Full-
Scale Errors. The Positive Gain Error is the Offset Error minus
the Positive Full-Scale Error. The Negative Gain Error is the
Negative Full-Scale Error minus the Offset Error. The Gain
Error is the Negative Full-Scale Error minus the Positive Full-
Scale Error; it is also equal to the Positive Gain Error plus the
Negative Gain Error.
INTEGRAL NON-LINEARITY (INL) is a measure of worst
case deviation of the ADC transfer function from an ideal
straight line drawn through the ADC transfer function. The
deviation of any given code from this straight line is measured
from the center of that code value step. The best fit method
is used.
INTERMODULATION DISTORTION (IMD) is a measure of
the near-in 3rd order distortion products (2f2 - f1, 2f1 - f2) which
occur when two tones which are close in frequency (f1, f2) are
applied to the ADC input. It is measured from the input tones
level to the higher of the two distortion products (dBc) or sim-
ply the level of the higher of the two distortion products
(dBFS). The input tones are typically -7dBFS.
LSB (LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT) is the bit that has the small-
est value or weight of all bits. This value is
VFS / 2N
where VFS is the differential full-scale amplitude VIN_FSR as set
by the FSR input and "N" is the ADC resolution in bits, which
is 10 for the ADC12D1000/1600.
LOW VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL SIGNALING (LVDS)
DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VID and VOD) is two
times the absolute value of the difference between the VD+
and VD- signals; each signal measured with respect to
Ground. VOD peak is VOD,P= (VD+ - VD-) and VOD peak-to-peak
is VOD,P-P= 2*(VD+ - VD-); for this product, the VOD is measured
peak-to-peak.
30091646
FIGURE 2. LVDS Output Signal Levels
LVDS OUTPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (VOS) is the midpoint
between the D+ and D- pins output voltage with respect to
ground; i.e., [(VD+) +( VD-)]/2. See Figure 2.
MISSING CODES are those output codes that are skipped
and will never appear at the ADC outputs. These codes can-
not be reached with any input value.
MSB (MOST SIGNIFICANT BIT) is the bit that has the largest
value or weight. Its value is one half of full scale.
NEGATIVE FULL-SCALE ERROR (NFSE) is a measure of
how far the first code transition is from the ideal 1/2 LSB above
a differential −VIN/2 with the FSR pin low. For the
ADC12D1000/1600 the reference voltage is assumed to be
ideal, so this error is a combination of full-scale error and ref-
erence voltage error.
NOISE FLOOR DENSITY is a measure of the power density
of the noise floor, expressed in dBFS/Hz and dBm/Hz. '0
dBFS' is defined as the power of a sinusoid which precisely
uses the full-scale range of the ADC.
NOISE POWER RATIO (NPR) is the ratio of the sum of the
power outside the notched bins to the sum of the power in an
equal number of bins inside the notch, expressed in dB.
OFFSET ERROR (VOFF) is a measure of how far the mid-
scale point is from the ideal zero voltage differential input.
Offset Error = Actual Input causing average of 8k samples to
result in an average code of 2047.5.
OUTPUT DELAY (tOD) is the time delay (in addition to Laten-
cy) after the rising edge of CLK+ before the data update is
present at the output pins.
OVER-RANGE RECOVERY TIME is the time required after
the differential input voltages goes from ±1.2V to 0V for the
converter to recover and make a conversion with its rated ac-
curacy.
PIPELINE DELAY (LATENCY) is the number of input clock
cycles between initiation of conversion and when that data is
presented to the output driver stage. The data lags the con-
version by the Latency plus the tOD.
POSITIVE FULL-SCALE ERROR (PFSE) is a measure of
how far the last code transition is from the ideal 1-1/2 LSB
below a differential +VIN/2. For the ADC12D1000/1600 the
reference voltage is assumed to be ideal, so this error is a
combination of full-scale error and reference voltage error.
SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR) is the ratio, expressed in
dB, of the rms value of the fundamental for a single-tone to
the rms value of the sum of all other spectral components
below one-half the sampling frequency, not including har-
monics or DC.
SIGNAL TO NOISE PLUS DISTORTION (S/(N+D) or
SINAD) is the ratio, expressed in dB, of the rms value of the
fundamental for a single-tone to the rms value of all of the
27 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
other spectral components below half the input clock frequen-
cy, including harmonics but excluding DC.
SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE (SFDR) is the differ-
ence, expressed in dB, between the rms values of the input
signal at the output and the peak spurious signal, where a
spurious signal is any signal present in the output spectrum
that is not present at the input, excluding DC.
θJA is the thermal resistance between the junction to ambient.
θJC1 represents the thermal resistance between the die and
the exposed metal area on the top of the HSBGA package.
θJC2 represents the thermal resistance between the die and
the center group of balls on the bottom of the HSBGA pack-
age.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD) is the ratio ex-
pressed in dB, of the rms total of the first nine harmonic levels
at the output to the level of the fundamental at the output. THD
is calculated as
where Af1 is the RMS power of the fundamental (output) fre-
quency and Af2 through Af10 are the RMS power of the first 9
harmonic frequencies in the output spectrum.
– Second Harmonic Distortion (2nd Harm) is the differ-
ence, expressed in dB, between the RMS power in the input
frequency seen at the output and the power in its 2nd har-
monic level at the output.
– Third Harmonic Distortion (3rd Harm) is the difference
expressed in dB between the RMS power in the input fre-
quency seen at the output and the power in its 3rd harmonic
level at the output.
www.national.com 28
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
14.0 Transfer Characteristic
30091622
FIGURE 3. Input / Output Transfer Characteristic
29 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
15.0 Timing Diagrams
30091659
FIGURE 4. Clocking in 1:2 Demux Non-DES Mode*
30091660
FIGURE 5. Clocking in Non-Demux Non-DES Mode*
www.national.com 30
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
30091699
FIGURE 6. Clocking in 1:4 Demux DES Mode*
30091696
FIGURE 7. Clocking in Non-Demux Mode DES Mode*
* The timing for these figures is shown for the one input only (I or Q). However, both I- and Q-inputs may be used. For this case,
the I-channel functions precisely the same as the Q-channel, with VinI, DCLKI, DId and DI instead of VinQ, DCLKQ, DQd and DQ.
Both I- and Q-channel use the same CLK.
31 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
30091620
FIGURE 8. Data Clock Reset Timing (Demux Mode)
30091625
FIGURE 9. Power-on and On-Command Calibration Timing
30091619
FIGURE 10. Serial Interface Timing
www.national.com 32
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
16.0 Typical Performance Plots
VA = VDR = VTC = VE = 1.9V, fCLK = 1.0/1.6 GHz, fIN = 498 MHz, TA= 25°C, I-channel, 1:2 Demux Non-DES Mode (1:1 Demux Non-
DES Mode has similar performance), unless otherwise stated. For NPR plots, notch width = 25MHz, fc = 320 MHz.
INL vs. CODE (ADC12D1000)
0 4,095
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
INL (LSB)
OUTPUT CODE
30091638
INL vs. CODE (ADC12D1600)
0 4,095
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
INL (LSB)
OUTPUT CODE
30091649
INL vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1000)
-50 0 50 100
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
INL (LSB)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+INL
-INL
30091640
INL vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1600)
-50 0 50 100
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
INL (LSB)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+INL
-INL
30091650
DNL vs. CODE (ADC12D1000)
0 4,095
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
DNL (LSB)
OUTPUT CODE
30091639
DNL vs. CODE (ADC12D1600)
0 4,095
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
DNL (LSB)
OUTPUT CODE
30091651
33 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
DNL vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1000)
-50 0 50 100
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
DNL (LSB)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+DNL
-DNL
30091641
DNL vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1600)
-50 0 50 100
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
DNL (LSB)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+DNL
-DNL
30091652
ENOB vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1000)
-50 0 50 100
6
7
8
9
10
ENOB
TEMPERATURE (°C)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091676
ENOB vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1600)
-50 0 50 100
6
7
8
9
10
ENOB
TEMPERATURE (°C)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091654
ENOB vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (ADC12D1000)
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
6
7
8
9
10
ENOB
VA (V)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091677
ENOB vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (ADC12D1600)
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
6
7
8
9
10
ENOB
VA (V)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091655
www.national.com 34
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
ENOB vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY (ADC12D1000)
0 250 500 750 1,000
6
7
8
9
10
ENOB
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091678
ENOB vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY (ADC12D1600)
0 400 800 1,200 1,600
6
7
8
9
10
ENOB
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091656
ENOB vs. INPUT FREQUENCY (ADC12D1000)
0 500 1,000 1,500
6
7
8
9
10
ENOB
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091679
ENOB vs. INPUT FREQUENCY (ADC12D1600)
0 500 1,000 1,500
6
7
8
9
10
ENOB
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091657
ENOB vs. VCMI (ADC12D1000)
0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75
6
7
8
9
10
ENOB
VCMI (mV)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091642
ENOB vs. VCMI (ADC12D1600)
0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75
6
7
8
9
10
ENOB
VCMI (mV)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091658
35 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
SNR vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1000)
-50 0 50 100
52
54
56
58
60
62
SNR (dB)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091668
SNR vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1600)
-50 0 50 100
52
54
56
58
60
62
SNR (dB)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091614
SNR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (ADC12D1000)
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
52
54
56
58
60
62
SNR (dB)
VA (V)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091669
SNR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (ADC12D1600)
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
52
54
56
58
60
62
SNR (dB)
VA (V)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091615
SNR vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY (ADC12D1000)
0 250 500 750 1,000
52
54
56
58
60
62
SNR (dB)
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091670
SNR vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY (ADC12D1600)
0 400 800 1,200 1,600
52
54
56
58
60
62
SNR (dB)
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091616
www.national.com 36
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
SNR vs. INPUT FREQUENCY (ADC12D1000)
0 500 1,000 1,500
52
54
56
58
60
62
SNR (dB)
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091671
SNR vs. INPUT FREQUENCY (ADC12D1600)
0 500 1,000 1,500
52
54
56
58
60
62
SNR (dB)
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091617
THD vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1000)
-50 0 50 100
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
THD (dBc)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091672
THD vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1600)
-50 0 50 100
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
THD (dBc)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091618
THD vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (ADC12D1000)
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
THD (dBc)
VA (V)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091673
THD vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (ADC12D1600)
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
THD (dBc)
VA (V)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091621
37 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
THD vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY (ADC12D1000)
0 250 500 750 1,000
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
THD (dBc)
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091674
THD vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY (ADC12D1600)
0 400 800 1,200 1,600
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
THD (dBc)
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091695
THD vs. INPUT FREQUENCY (ADC12D1000)
0 500 1,000 1,500
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
THD (dBc)
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091675
THD vs. INPUT FREQUENCY (ADC12D1600)
0 500 1,000 1,500
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
THD (dBc)
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091623
SFDR vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1000)
-50 0 50 100
40
50
60
70
80
SFDR (dBc)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091685
SFDR vs. TEMPERATURE (ADC12D1600)
-50 0 50 100
40
50
60
70
80
SFDR (dBc)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091624
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
SFDR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (ADC12D1000)
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
40
50
60
70
80
SFDR (dBc)
VA (V)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091684
SFDR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (ADC12D1600)
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
40
50
60
70
80
SFDR (dBc)
VA (V)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091628
SFDR vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY (ADC12D1000)
0 250 500 750 1,000
40
50
60
70
80
SFDR (dBc)
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091682
SFDR vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY (ADC12D1600)
0 400 800 1,200 1,600
40
50
60
70
80
SFDR (dBc)
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091661
SFDR vs. INPUT FREQUENCY (ADC12D1000)
0 500 1,000 1,500
40
50
60
70
80
SFDR (dBc)
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091683
SFDR vs. INPUT FREQUENCY (ADC12D1600)
0 500 1,000 1,500
40
50
60
70
80
SFDR (dBc)
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
DES MODE
30091662
39 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
SPECTRAL RESPONSE AT FIN = 498 MHz (ADC12D1000)
0 100 200 300 400 500
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
30091687
SPECTRAL RESPONSE AT FIN = 498 MHz (ADC12D1600)
0 200 400 600 800
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
NON-DES MODE
30091667
SPECTRAL RESPONSE AT FIN = 498 MHz (ADC12D1000)
0 250 500 750 1,000
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
DES MODE
30091688
SPECTRAL RESPONSE AT FIN = 498 MHz (ADC12D1600)
0 400 800 1,200 1,600
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
AMPLITUDE (dBFS)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
DES MODE
30091686
CROSSTALK vs. SOURCE FREQUENCY (ADC12D1000)
0 1,000 2,000 3,000
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
CROSSTALK (dBFS)
AGGRESSOR INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NONDES MODE
30091663
CROSSTALK vs. SOURCE FREQUENCY (ADC12D1600)
0 1,000 2,000 3,000
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
CROSSTALK (dBFS)
AGGRESSOR INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NONDES MODE
30091633
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
FULL POWER BANDWIDTH (ADC12D1000)
0 1,000 2,000 3,000
-15
-12
-9
-6
-3
0
SIGNAL GAIN (dB)
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NONDES
DES
DESIQ
30091648
FULL POWER BANDWIDTH (ADC12D1600)
0 1,000 2,000 3,000
-15
-12
-9
-6
-3
0
SIGNAL GAIN (dB)
INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)
NONDES
DES
DESIQ
30091689
POWER CONSUMPTION vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY
(ADC12D1000)
0 250 500 750 1,000
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
POWER (W)
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz)
DEMUX
NON-DEMUX
30091681
POWER CONSUMPTION vs. CLOCK FREQUENCY
(ADC12D1600)
0 400 800 1,200 1,600
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
POWER (W)
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz)
DEMUX
NON-DEMUX
30091691
NPR vs. RMS NOISE LOADING LEVEL (ADC12D1000)
-40 -30 -20 -10 0
20
30
40
50
60
NPR (dB)
VRMS LOADING LEVEL (dB)
30091631
NPR vs. RMS NOISE LOADING LEVEL (ADC12D1600)
-40 -30 -20 -10 0
20
30
40
50
60
NPR (dB)
VRMS LOADING LEVEL (dB)
30091632
41 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
17.0 Functional Description
The ADC12D1000/1600 is a versatile A/D converter with an
innovative architecture which permits very high speed oper-
ation. The controls available ease the application of the de-
vice to circuit solutions. Optimum performance requires
adherence to the provisions discussed here and in the Appli-
cations Information Section. This section covers an overview,
a description of control modes (Extended Control Mode and
Non-Extended Control Mode), and features.
17.1 OVERVIEW
The ADC12D1000/1600 uses a calibrated folding and inter-
polating architecture that achieves a high Effective Number
of Bits (ENOB). The use of folding amplifiers greatly reduces
the number of comparators and power consumption. Interpo-
lation reduces the number of front-end amplifiers required,
minimizing the load on the input signal and further reducing
power requirements. In addition to correcting other non-ide-
alities, on-chip calibration reduces the INL bow often seen
with folding architectures. The result is an extremely fast, high
performance, low power converter.
The analog input signal (which is within the converter's input
voltage range) is digitized to twelve bits at speeds of 150/150
MSPS to 2.0/3.2 GSPS, typical. Differential input voltages
below negative full-scale will cause the output word to consist
of all zeroes. Differential input voltages above positive full-
scale will cause the output word to consist of all ones. Either
of these conditions at the I- or Q-input will cause the Out-of-
Range I-channel or Q-channel output (ORI or ORQ), respec-
tively, to output a logic-high signal.
In ECM, an expanded feature set is available via the Serial
Interface. The ADC12D1000/1600 builds upon previous ar-
chitectures, introducing a new DES Mode timing adjust fea-
ture, AutoSync feature for multi-chip synchronization and
increasing to 15-bit for gain and 12-bit plus sign for offset the
independent programmable adjustment for each channel.
Each channel has a selectable output demultiplexer which
feeds two LVDS buses. If the 1:2 Demux Mode is selected,
the output data rate is reduced to half the input sample rate
on each bus. When Non-Demux Mode is selected, the output
data rate on each channel is at the same rate as the input
sample clock and only one 12-bit bus per channel is active.
17.2 CONTROL MODES
The ADC12D1000/1600 may be operated in one of two con-
trol modes: Non-extended Control Mode (Non-ECM) or Ex-
tended Control Mode (ECM). In the simpler Non-ECM (also
sometimes referred to as Pin Control Mode), the user affects
available configuration and control of the device through the
control pins. The ECM provides additional configuration and
control options through a serial interface and a set of 16 reg-
isters, most of which are available to the customer.
17.2.1 Non-Extended Control Mode
In Non-extended Control Mode (Non-ECM), the Serial Inter-
face is not active and all available functions are controlled via
various pin settings. Non-ECM is selected by setting the
ECE Pin to logic-high. Note that, for the control pins, "logic-
high" and "logic-low" refer to VA and GND, respectively. Nine
dedicated control pins provide a wide range of control for the
ADC12D1000/1600 and facilitate its operation. These control
pins provide DES Mode selection, Demux Mode selection,
DDR Phase selection, execute Calibration, Calibration Delay
setting, Power Down I-channel, Power Down Q-channel, Test
Pattern Mode selection, and Full-Scale Input Range selec-
tion. In addition to this, two dual-purpose control pins provide
for AC/DC-coupled Mode selection and LVDS output com-
mon-mode voltage selection. See Table 17 for a summary.
TABLE 17. Non-ECM Pin Summary
Pin
Name Logic-Low Logic-High Floating
Dedicated Control Pins
DES Non-DES
Mode
DES
Mode Not valid
NDM Demux
Mode
Non-Demux
Mode Not valid
DDRPh 0° Mode 90° Mode Not valid
CAL See Section 17.2.1.4
Calibration Pin (CAL) Not valid
CalDly Shorter delay Longer delay Not valid
PDI I-channel
active
Power Down
I-channel
Power Down
I-channel
PDQ Q-channel
active
Power Down
Q-channel
Power Down
Q-channel
TPM Non-Test
Pattern Mode
Test Pattern
Mode Not valid
FSR Lower FS input
Range
Higher FS
input Range Not valid
Dual-purpose Control Pins
VCMO
AC-coupled
operation Not allowed DC-coupled
operation
VBG Not allowed
Higher LVDS
common-
mode voltage
Lower LVDS
common-
mode voltage
17.2.1.1 Dual Edge Sampling Pin (DES)
The Dual Edge Sampling (DES) Pin selects whether the
ADC12D1000/1600 is in DES Mode (logic-high) or Non-DES
Mode (logic-low). DES Mode means that a single analog input
is sampled by both I- and Q-channels in a time-interleaved
manner. One of the ADCs samples the input signal on the
rising sampling clock edge (duty cycle corrected); the other
ADC samples the input signal on the falling sampling clock
edge (duty cycle corrected). In Non-ECM, only the I-input may
be used for DES Mode, a.k.a. DESI Mode. In ECM, the Q-
input may be selected via the DEQ Bit (Addr: 0h, Bit: 6), a.k.a.
DESQ Mode. In ECM, both the I- and Q-inputs may be se-
lected, a.k.a. DESIQ Mode.
To use this feature in ECM, use the DES bit in the Configu-
ration Register (Addr: 0h; Bit: 7). See Section 17.3.1.4 DES/
Non-DES Mode for more information.
17.2.1.2 Non-Demultiplexed Mode Pin (NDM)
The Non-Demultiplexed Mode (NDM) Pin selects whether the
ADC12D1000/1600 is in Demux Mode (logic-low) or Non-De-
mux Mode (logic-high). In Non-Demux Mode, the data from
the input is produced at the sampled rate at a single 12-bit
output bus. In Demux Mode, the data from the input is pro-
duced at half the sampled rate at twice the number of output
buses. For Non-DES Mode, each I- or Q-channel will produce
its data on one or two buses for Non-Demux or Demux Mode,
respectively. For DES Mode, the selected channel will pro-
duce its data on two or four buses for Non-Demux or Demux
Mode, respectively.
www.national.com 42
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
This feature is pin-controlled only and remains active during
both Non-ECM and ECM. See Section 17.3.2.5 Demux/Non-
demux Mode for more information.
17.2.1.3 Dual Data Rate Phase Pin (DDRPh)
The Dual Data Rate Phase (DDRPh) Pin selects whether the
ADC12D1000/1600 is in 0° Mode (logic-low) or 90° Mode
(logic-high). The Data is always produced in DDR Mode on
the ADC12D1000/1600. The Data may transition either with
the DCLK transition (0° Mode) or halfway between DCLK
transitions (90° Mode). The DDRPh Pin selects 0° Mode or
90° Mode for both the I-channel: DI- and DId-to-DCLKI phase
relationship and for the Q-channel: DQ- and DQd-to-DCLKQ
phase relationship.
To use this feature in ECM, use the DPS bit in the Configu-
ration Register (Addr: 0h; Bit: 14). See Section 17.3.2.1 DDR
Clock Phase for more information.
17.2.1.4 Calibration Pin (CAL)
The Calibration (CAL) Pin may be used to execute an on-
command calibration or to disable the power-on calibration.
The effect of calibration is to maximize the dynamic perfor-
mance. To initiate an on-command calibration via the CAL
pin, bring the CAL pin high for a minimum of tCAL_H input clock
cycles after it has been low for a minimum of tCAL_L input clock
cycles. Holding the CAL pin high upon power-on will prevent
execution of the power-on calibration. In ECM, this pin re-
mains active and is logically OR'd with the CAL bit.
To use this feature in ECM, use the CAL bit in the Configu-
ration Register (Addr: 0h; Bit: 15). See Section 17.3.3 Cali-
bration Feature for more information.
17.2.1.5 Calibration Delay Pin (CalDly)
The Calibration Delay (CalDly) Pin selects whether a shorter
or longer delay time is present, after the application of power,
until the start of the power-on calibration. The actual delay
time is specified as tCalDly and may be found in Table 16. This
feature is pin-controlled only and remains active in ECM. It is
recommended to select the desired delay time prior to power-
on and not dynamically alter this selection.
See Section 17.3.3 Calibration Feature for more information.
17.2.1.6 Power Down I-channel Pin (PDI)
The Power Down I-channel (PDI) Pin selects whether the I-
channel is powered down (logic-high) or active (logic-low).
The digital data output pins, DI and DId, (both positive and
negative) are put into a high impedance state when the I-
channel is powered down. Upon return to the active state, the
pipeline will contain meaningless information and must be
flushed. The supply currents (typicals and limits) are available
for the I-channel powered down or active and may be found
in Table 13. The device should be recalibrated following a
power-cycle of PDI (or PDQ).
This pin remains active in ECM. In ECM, either this pin or the
PDI bit (Addr: 0h; Bit: 11) in the Control Register may be used
to power-down the I-channel. See Section 17.3.4 Power
Down for more information.
17.2.1.7 Power Down Q-channel Pin (PDQ)
The Power Down Q-channel (PDQ) Pin selects whether the
Q-channel is powered down (logic-high) or active (logic-low).
This pin functions similarly to the PDI pin, except that it applies
to the Q-channel. The PDI and PDQ pins function indepen-
dently of each other to control whether each I- or Q-channel
is powered down or active.
This pin remains active in ECM. In ECM, either this pin or the
PDQ bit (Addr: 0h; Bit: 10) in the Control Register may be
used to power-down the Q-channel. See Section 17.3.4 Pow-
er Down for more information.
17.2.1.8 Test Pattern Mode Pin (TPM)
The Test Pattern Mode (TPM) Pin selects whether the
output of the ADC12D1000/1600 is a test pattern (logic-high)
or the converted analog input (logic-low). The
ADC12D1000/1600 can provide a test pattern at the four out-
put buses independently of the input signal to aid in system
debug. In TPM, the ADC is disengaged and a test pattern
generator is connected to the outputs, including ORI and
ORQ. SeeSection 17.3.2.6 Test Pattern Mode for more infor-
mation.
17.2.1.9 Full-Scale Input Range Pin (FSR)
The Full-Scale Input Range (FSR) Pin selects whether the
full-scale input range for both the I- and Q-channel is higher
(logic-high) or lower (logic-low). The input full-scale range is
specified as VIN_FSR in Table 8. In Non-ECM, the full-scale
input range for each I- and Q-channel may not be set inde-
pendently, but it is possible to do so in ECM. The device must
be calibrated following a change in FSR to obtain optimal
performance.
To use this feature in ECM, use the Configuration Registers
(Addr: 3h and Bh). See Section 17.3.1 Input Control and Ad-
just for more information.
17.2.1.10 AC/DC-Coupled Mode Pin (VCMO)
The VCMO Pin serves a dual purpose. When functioning as an
output, it provides the optimal common-mode voltage for the
DC-coupled analog inputs. When functioning as an input, it
selects whether the device is AC-coupled (logic-low) or DC-
coupled (floating). This pin is always active, in both ECM and
Non-ECM.
17.2.1.11 LVDS Output Common-mode Pin (VBG)
The VBG Pin serves a dual purpose. When functioning as an
output, it provides the bandgap reference. When functioning
as an input, it selects whether the LVDS output common-
mode voltage is higher (logic-high) or lower (floating). The
LVDS output common-mode voltage is specified as VOS and
may be found in Table 12. This pin is always active, in both
ECM and Non-ECM.
43 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
17.2.2 Extended Control Mode
In Extended Control Mode (ECM), most functions are con-
trolled via the Serial Interface. In addition to this, several of
the control pins remain active. See Table 20 for details. ECM
is selected by setting the ECE Pin to logic-low. If the ECE Pin
is set to logic-high (Non-ECM), then the registers are reset to
their default values. So, a simple way to reset the registers is
by toggling the ECE pin. Four pins on the
ADC12D1000/1600 control the Serial Interface: SCS, SCLK,
SDI and SDO. This section covers the Serial Interface. The
Register Definitions are located at the end of the datasheet
so that they are easy to find, see Section 19.0 Register Defi-
nitions.
17.2.2.1 The Serial Interface
The ADC12D1000/1600 offers a Serial Interface that allows
access to the sixteen control registers within the device. The
Serial Interface is a generic 4-wire (optionally 3-wire) syn-
chronous interface that is compatible with SPI type interfaces
that are used on many micro-controllers and DSP controllers.
Each serial interface access cycle is exactly 24 bits long. A
register-read or register-write can be accomplished in one
cycle. The signals are defined in such a way that the user can
opt to simply join SDI and SDO signals in his system to ac-
complish a single, bidirectional SDI/O signal. A summary of
the pins for this interface may be found in Table 18. See Fig-
ure 10 for the timing diagram and Table 15 for timing specifi-
cation details. Control register contents are retained when the
device is put into power-down mode. If this feature is unused,
the SCLK, SDI, and SCS pins may be left floating because
they each have an internal pull-up.
TABLE 18. Serial Interface Pins
Pin Name
C4 SCS (Serial Chip Select bar)
C5 SCLK (Serial Clock)
B4 SDI (Serial Data In)
A3 SDO (Serial Data Out)
SCS: Each assertion (logic-low) of this signal starts a new
register access, i.e. the SDI command field must be ready on
the following SCLK rising edge. The user is required to de-
assert this signal after the 24th clock. If the SCS is de-
asserted before the 24th clock, no data read/write will occur.
For a read operation, if the SCS is asserted longer than 24
clocks, the SDO output will hold the D0 bit until SCS is de-
asserted. For a write operation, if the SCS is asserted longer
than 24 clocks, data write will occur normally through the SDI
input upon the 24th clock. Setup and hold times, tSCS and
tHCS, with respect to the SCLK must be observed. SCS must
be toggled in between register access cycles.
SCLK: This signal is used to register the input data (SDI) on
the rising edge; and to source the output data (SDO) on the
falling edge. The user may disable the clock and hold it at
logic-low. There is no minimum frequency requirement for
SCLK; see fSCLK in Table 15 for more details.
SDI: Each register access requires a specific 24-bit pattern at
this input, consisting of a command field and a data field. If
the SDI and SDO wires are shared (3-wire mode), then during
read operations, it is necessary to tri-state the master which
is driving SDI while the data field is being output by the ADC
on SDO. The master must be at TRI-STATE before the falling
edge of the 8th clock. If SDI and SDO are not shared (4-wire
mode), then this is not necessary. Setup and hold times, tSH
and tSSU, with respect to the SCLK must be observed.
SDO: This output is normally at TRI-STATE and is driven only
when SCS is asserted, the first 8 bits of command data have
been received and it is a READ operation. The data is shifted
out, MSB first, starting with the 8th clock's falling edge. At the
end of the access, when SCS is de-asserted, this output is at
TRI-STATE once again. If an invalid address is accessed, the
data sourced will consist of all zeroes. If it is a read operation,
there will be a bus turnaround time, tBSU, from when the last
bit of the command field was read in until the first bit of the
data field is written out.
Table 19 shows the Serial Interface bit definitions.
TABLE 19. Command and Data Field Definitions
Bit No. Name Comments
1 Read/Write (R/W) 1b indicates a read operation
0b indicates a write operation
2-3 Reserved Bits must be set to 10b
4-7 A<3:0> 16 registers may be addressed.
The order is MSB first
8 X This is a "don't care" bit
9-24 D<15:0> Data written to or read from
addressed register
The serial data protocol is shown for a read and write opera-
tion in Figure 11 and Figure 12, respectively.
30091692
FIGURE 11. Serial Data Protocol - Read Operation
www.national.com 44
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
30091693
FIGURE 12. Serial Data Protocol - Write Operation
45 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
17.3 FEATURES
The ADC12D1000/1600 offers many features to make the
device convenient to use in a wide variety of applications.
Table 20 is a summary of the features available, as well as
details for the control mode chosen. "N/A" means "Not Appli-
cable."
TABLE 20. Features and Modes
Feature Non-ECM Control Pin
Active in ECM ECM Default ECM State
Input Control and Adjust
AC/DC-coupled Mode
Selection
Selected via VCMO
(Pin C2) Yes Not available N/A
Input Full-scale Range
Adjust
Selected via FSR
(Pin Y3) No Selected via the Config Reg
(Addr: 3h and Bh)Mid FSR value
Input Offset Adjust Setting Not available N/A Selected via the Config Reg
(Addr: 2h and Ah)Offset = 0 mV
DES/Non-DES Mode
Selection
Selected via DES
(Pin V5) No Selected via the DES Bit
(Addr: 0h; Bit: 7) Non-DES Mode
DES Timing Adjust Not available N/A
Selected via the DES Timing
Adjust Reg
(Addr: 7h)
Mid skew offset
Sampling Clock Phase
Adjust Not available N/A Selected via the Config Reg
(Addr: Ch and Dh)tAD adjust disabled
Output Control and Adjust
DDR Clock Phase Selection Selected via DDRPh
(Pin W4) No Selected via the DPS Bit
(Addr: 0h; Bit: 14) 0° Mode
LVDS Differential Voltage
Amplitude Selection
Higher amplitude
only N/A Selected via the OVS Bit
(Addr: 0h; Bit: 13) Higher amplitude
LVDS Common-Mode
Voltage Amplitude
Selection
Selected via VBG
(Pin B1) Yes Not available N/A
Output Formatting
Selection Offset Binary only N/A Selected via the 2SC Bit
(Addr: 0h; Bit: 4) Offset Binary
Test Pattern Mode at Output Selected via TPM
(Pin A4) No Selected via the TPM Bit
(Addr: 0h; Bit: 12) TPM disabled
Demux/Non-Demux Mode
Selection
Selected via NDM
(Pin A5) Yes Not available N/A
AutoSync Not available N/A Selected via the Config Reg
(Addr: Eh)
Master Mode,
RCOut1/2 disabled
DCLK Reset Not available N/A Selected via the Config Reg
(Addr: Eh; Bit: 0) DCLK Reset disabled
Time Stamp Not available N/A Selected via the TSE Bit
(Addr: 0h; Bit: 3) Time Stamp disabled
Calibration
On-command Calibration Selected via CAL
(Pin D6) Yes Selected via the CAL Bit
(Addr: 0h; Bit: 15)
N/A
(CAL = 0)
Power-on Calibration Delay
Selection
Selected via CalDly
(Pin V4) Yes Not available N/A
Calibration Adjust Not available N/A Selected via the Config Reg
(Addr: 4h)tCAL
Read/Write Calibration
Settings Not available N/A Selected via the SSC Bit
(Addr: 4h; Bit: 7)
R/W calibration values
disabled
Power-Down
Power down I-channel Selected via PDI
(Pin U3) Yes Selected via the PDI Bit
(Addr: 0h; Bit: 11) I-channel operational
Power down Q-channel Selected via PDQ
(Pin V3) Yes Selected via the PDQ Bit
(Addr: 0h; Bit: 10) Q-channel operational
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
17.3.1 Input Control and Adjust
There are several features and configurations for the input of
the ADC12D1000/1600 so that it may be used in many dif-
ferent applications. This section covers AC/DC-coupled
Mode, input full-scale range adjust, input offset adjust, DES/
Non-DES Mode, and sampling clock phase adjust.
17.3.1.1 AC/DC-coupled Mode
The analog inputs may be AC or DC-coupled. See Sec-
tion 17.2.1.10 AC/DC-Coupled Mode Pin (VCMO) for informa-
tion on how to select the desired mode and Section 18.1.7
DC-coupled Input Signals and Section 18.1.6 AC-coupled In-
put Signals for applications information.
17.3.1.2 Input Full-Scale Range Adjust
The input full-scale range for the ADC12D1000/1600 may be
adjusted via Non-ECM or ECM. In Non-ECM, a control pin
selects a higher or lower value; see Section 17.2.1.9 Full-
Scale Input Range Pin (FSR). In ECM, the input full-scale
range may be adjusted with 15-bits of precision. See
VIN_FSR in Table 8 for electrical specification details. Note that
the higher and lower full-scale input range settings in Non-
ECM correspond to the mid and min full-scale input range
settings in ECM. It is necessary to execute an on-command
calibration following a change of the input full-scale range.
See Section 19.0 Register Definitions for information about
the registers.
17.3.1.3 Input Offset Adjust
The input offset adjust for the ADC12D1000/1600 may be
adjusted with 12-bits of precision plus sign via ECM. See
Section 19.0 Register Definitions for information about the
registers.
17.3.1.4 DES/Non-DES Mode
The ADC12D1000/1600 can operate in Dual-Edge Sampling
(DES) or Non-DES Mode. The DES Mode allows for a single
analog input to be sampled by both I- and Q-channels. One
channel samples the input on the rising edge of the sampling
clock and the other samples the same input signal on the
falling edge of the sampling clock. A single input is thus sam-
pled twice per clock cycle, resulting in an overall sample rate
of twice the sampling clock frequency, e.g. 2.0/3.2 GSPS with
a 1.0/1.6 GHz sampling clock. Since DES Mode uses both I-
and Q-channels to process the input signal, both channels
must be powered up for the DES Mode to function properly.
In Non-ECM, only the I-input may be used for the DES Mode
input. See Section 17.2.1.1 Dual Edge Sampling Pin (DES)
for information on how to select the DES Mode. In ECM, either
the I- or Q-input may be selected by first using the DES bit
(Addr: 0h, Bit 7) to select the DES Mode. The DEQ Bit (Addr:
0h, Bit: 6) is used to select the Q-input, but the I-input is used
by default. Also, both I- and Q-inputs may be driven externally,
i.e. DESIQ Mode, by using the DIQ bit (Addr: 0h, Bit 5). See
Section 18.1.2 Driving the ADC in DES Mode for more infor-
mation about how to drive the ADC in DES Mode.
The DESIQ Mode results in the best DES Mode bandwidth.
In general, the bandwidth decreases from Non-DES Mode to
DES Mode (specifically, DESI or DESQ) because both chan-
nels are sampling off the same input signal and non-ideal
effects introduced by interleaving the two channels lower the
bandwidth. Driving both I- and Q-channels externally (DESIQ
Mode) results in better bandwidth for the DES Mode because
each channel is being driven, which reduces routing losses.
In the DES Mode, the outputs must be carefully interleaved
in order to reconstruct the sampled signal. If the device is
programmed into the 1:4 Demux DES Mode, the data is ef-
fectively demultiplexed by 1:4. If the sampling clock is 1.0/1.6
GHz, the effective sampling rate is doubled to 2.0/3.2 GSPS
and each of the 4 output buses has an output rate of 500/800
MSPS. All data is available in parallel. To properly reconstruct
the sampled waveform, the four bytes of parallel data that are
output with each DCLK must be correctly interleaved. The
sampling order is as follows, from the earliest to the latest:
DQd, DId, DQ, DI. See Figure 6. If the device is programmed
into the Non-Demux DES Mode, two bytes of parallel data are
output with each edge of the DCLK in the following sampling
order, from the earliest to the latest: DQ, DI. See Figure 7.
17.3.1.5 DES Timing Adjust
The performance of the ADC12D1000/1600 in DES Mode
depends on how well the two channels are interleaved, i.e.
that the clock samples either channel with precisely a 50%
duty-cycle, each channel has the same offset (nominally code
2047/2048), and each channel has the same full-scale range.
The ADC12D1000/1600 includes an automatic clock phase
background adjustment in DES Mode to automatically and
continuously adjust the clock phase of the I- and Q-channels.
In addition to this, the residual fixed timing skew offset may
be further manually adjusted, and further reduce timing spurs
for specific applications. See the DES Timing Adjust (Addr:
7h). As the DES Timing Adjust is programmed from 0d to
127d, the magnitude of the Fs/2-Fin timing interleaving spur
will decrease to a local minimum and then increase again. The
default, nominal setting of 64d may or may not coincide with
this local minimum. The user may manually skew the global
timing to achieve the lowest possible timing interleaving spur.
17.3.1.6 Sampling Clock Phase Adjust
The sampling clock (CLK) phase may be delayed internally to
the ADC up to 825 ps in ECM. This feature is intended to help
the system designer remove small imbalances in clock distri-
bution traces at the board level when multiple ADCs are used,
or to simplify complex system functions such as beam steer-
ing for phase array antennas.
Additional delay in the clock path also creates additional jitter
when using the sampling clock phase adjust. Because the
sampling clock phase adjust delays all clocks, including the
DCLKs and output data, the user is strongly advised to use
the minimal amount of adjustment and verify the net benefit
of this feature in his system before relying on it.
17.3.2 Output Control and Adjust
There are several features and configurations for the output
of the ADC12D1000/1600 so that it may be used in many dif-
ferent applications. This section covers DDR clock phase,
LVDS output differential and common-mode voltage, output
formatting, Demux/Non-demux Mode, Test Pattern Mode,
and Time Stamp.
17.3.2.1 DDR Clock Phase
The ADC12D1000/1600 output data is always delivered in
Double Data Rate (DDR). With DDR, the DCLK frequency is
half the data rate and data is sent to the outputs on both edges
of DCLK; see Figure 13. The DCLK-to-Data phase relation-
ship may be either 0° or 90°. For 0° Mode, the Data transitions
on each edge of the DCLK. Any offset from this timing is
tOSK; see Table 14 for details. For 90° Mode, the DCLK tran-
sitions in the middle of each Data cell. Setup and hold times
for this transition, tSU and tH, may also be found in Table 14.
The DCLK-to-Data phase relationship may be selected via
the DDRPh Pin in Non-ECM (see Section 17.2.1.3 Dual Data
Rate Phase Pin (DDRPh)) or the DPS bit in the Configuration
Register (Addr: 0h; Bit: 14) in ECM.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
30091694
FIGURE 13. DDR DCLK-to-Data Phase Relationship
17.3.2.2 LVDS Output Differential Voltage
The ADC12D1000/1600 is available with a selectable higher
or lower LVDS output differential voltage. This parameter is
VOD and may be found in Table 12. The desired voltage may
be selected via the OVS Bit (Addr: 0h, Bit 13). For many ap-
plications, in which the LVDS outputs are very close to an
FPGA on the same board, for example, the lower setting is
sufficient for good performance; this will also reduce the pos-
sibility for EMI from the LVDS outputs to other signals on the
board. See Section 19.0 Register Definitions for more infor-
mation.
17.3.2.3 LVDS Output Common-Mode Voltage
The ADC12D1000/1600 is available with a selectable higher
or lower LVDS output common-mode voltage. This parameter
is VOS and may be found in Table 12. See Section 17.2.1.11
LVDS Output Common-mode Pin (VBG) for information on
how to select the desired voltage.
17.3.2.4 Output Formatting
The formatting at the digital data outputs may be either offset
binary or two's complement. The default formatting is offset
binary, but two's complement may be selected via the 2SC
Bit (Addr: 0h, Bit 4); see Section 19.0 Register Definitions for
more information.
17.3.2.5 Demux/Non-demux Mode
The ADC12D1000/1600 may be in one of two demultiplex
modes: Demux Mode or Non-Demux Mode (also sometimes
referred to as 1:1 Demux Mode). In Non-Demux Mode, the
data from the input is simply output at the sampling rate on
one 12-bit bus. In Demux Mode, the data from the input is
output at half the sampling rate, on twice the number of buses.
Demux/Non-Demux Mode may only be selected by the NDM
pin. In Non-DES Mode, the output data from each channel
may be demultiplexed by a factor of 1:2 (1:2 Demux Non-DES
Mode) or not demultiplexed (Non-Demux Non-DES Mode). In
DES Mode, the output data from both channels interleaved
may be demultiplexed (1:4 Demux DES Mode) or not demul-
tiplexed (Non-Demux DES Mode).
17.3.2.6 Test Pattern Mode
The ADC12D1000/1600 can provide a test pattern at the four
output buses independently of the input signal to aid in system
debug. In Test Pattern Mode, the ADC is disengaged and a
test pattern generator is connected to the outputs, including
ORI and ORQ. The test pattern output is the same in DES
Mode or Non-DES Mode. Each port is given a unique 12-bit
word, alternating between 1's and 0's. When the part is pro-
grammed into the Demux Mode, the test pattern’s order is
described in Table 21. If the I- or Q-channel is powered down,
the test pattern will not be output for that channel.
TABLE 21. Test Pattern by Output Port in
Demux Mode
Time Qd Id Q I ORQ ORI Comments
T0 000h004h008h010h0b0b
Pattern
Sequence
n
T1 FFFhFFBhFF7hFEFh1b1b
T2 000h004h008h010h0b0b
T3 FFFhFFBhFF7hFEFh1b1b
T4 000h004h008h010h0b0b
T5 000h004h008h010h0b0b
Pattern
Sequence
n+1
T6 FFFhFFBhFF7hFEFh1b1b
T7 000h004h008h010h0b0b
T8 FFFhFFBhFF7hFEFh1b1b
T9 000h004h008h010h0b0b
T10 000h004h008h010h0b0b
Pattern
Sequence
n+2
T11 FFFhFFBhFF7hFEFh1b1b
T12 000h004h008h010h0b0b
T13 ... ... ... ... ... ...
When the part is programmed into the Non-Demux Mode, the
test pattern’s order is described in Table 22.
TABLE 22. Test Pattern by Output Port in
Non-Demux Mode
Time Q I ORQ ORI Comments
T0 000h004h0b0b
Pattern
Sequence
n
T1 000h004h0b0b
T2 FFFhFFBh1b1b
T3 FFFhFFBh1b1b
T4 000h004h0b0b
T5 FFFhFFBh1b1b
T6 000h004h0b0b
T7 FFFhFFBh1b1b
T8 FFFhFFBh1b1b
T9 FFFhFFBh1b1b
T10 000h004h0b0b
Pattern
Sequence
n+1
T11 000h004h0b0b
T12 FFFhFFBh1b1b
T13 FFFhFFBh1b1b
T14 ... ... ... ...
17.3.2.7 Time Stamp
The Time Stamp feature enables the user to capture the tim-
ing of an external trigger event, relative to the sampled signal.
When enabled via the TSE Bit (Addr: 0h; Bit: 3), the LSB of
the digital outputs (DQd, DQ, DId, DI) captures the trigger in-
formation. In effect, the 12-bit converter becomes an 11-bit
converter and the LSB acts as a 1-bit converter with the same
latency as the 11-bit converter. The trigger should be applied
to the DCLK_RST input. It may be asynchronous to the ADC
sampling clock.
17.3.3 Calibration Feature
The ADC12D1000/1600 calibration must be run to achieve
specified performance. The calibration procedure is exactly
the same regardless of how it was initiated or when it is run.
Calibration trims the analog input differential termination re-
sistors, the CLK input resistor, and sets internal bias currents
which affect the linearity of the converter. This minimizes full-
www.national.com 48
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
scale error, offset error, DNL and INL, which results in the
maximum dynamic performance, as measured by: SNR,
THD, SINAD (SNDR) and ENOB.
17.3.3.1 Calibration Control Pins and Bits
Table 23 is a summary of the pins and bits used for calibration.
See Section 9.0 Ball Descriptions and Equivalent Circuits for
complete pin information and Figure 9 for the timing diagram.
TABLE 23. Calibration Pins
Pin (Bit) Name Function
D6
(Addr: 0h;
Bit 15)
CAL
(Calibration) Initiate calibration
V4
CalDly
(Calibration
Delay)
Select power-on
calibration delay
(Addr: 4h) Calibration Adjust Adjust calibration
sequence
B5
CalRun
(Calibration
Running)
Indicates while
calibration is running
C1/D2
Rtrim+/-
(Input termination
trim resistor)
External resistor used to
calibrate analog and
CLK inputs
C3/D3
Rext+/-
(External
Reference
resistor)
External resistor used to
calibrate internal linearity
17.3.3.2 How to Execute a Calibration
Calibration may be initiated by holding the CAL pin low for at
least tCAL_L clock cycles, and then holding it high for at least
another tCAL_H clock cycles, as defined in Table 16. The min-
imum tCAL_L and tCAL_H input clock cycle sequences are re-
quired to ensure that random noise does not cause a
calibration to begin when it is not desired. The time taken by
the calibration procedure is specified as tCAL. The CAL Pin is
active in both ECM and Non-ECM. However, in ECM, the CAL
Pin is logically OR'd with the CAL Bit, so both the pin and bit
are required to be set low before executing another calibration
via either pin or bit.
17.3.3.3 Power-on Calibration
For standard operation, power-on calibration begins after a
time delay following the application of power, as determined
by the setting of the CalDly Pin and measured by tCalDly (see
Table 16). This delay allows the power supply to come up and
stabilize before the power-on calibration takes place. The
best setting (short or long) of the CalDly Pin depends upon
the settling time of the power supply.
It is strongly recommended to set CalDly Pin (to either logic-
high or logic-low) before powering the device on since this pin
affects the power-on calibration timing. This may be accom-
plished by setting CalDly via an external 1kΩ resistor con-
nected to GND or VA. If the CalDly Pin is toggled while the
device is powered-on, it can execute a calibration even
though the CAL Pin/Bit remains logic-low.
The power-on calibration will be not be performed if the CAL
pin is logic-high at power-on. In this case, the calibration cycle
will not begin until the on-command calibration conditions are
met. The ADC12D1000/1600 will function with the CAL pin
held high at power up, but no calibration will be done and
performance will be impaired.
If it is necessary to toggle the CalDly Pin before the system
power up sequence, then the CAL Pin/Bit must be set to logic-
high during the toggling and afterwards for 109 Sampling
Clock cycles. This will prevent the power-on calibration, so an
on-command calibration must be executed or the perfor-
mance will be impaired.
17.3.3.4 On-command Calibration
In addition to the power-on calibration, it is recommended to
execute an on-command calibration whenever the settings or
conditions to the device are altered significantly, in order to
obtain optimal parametric performance. Some examples in-
clude: changing the FSR via either ECM or Non-ECM, power-
cycling either channel, and switching into or out of DES Mode.
For best performance, it is also recommended that an on-
command calibration be run 20 seconds or more after appli-
cation of power and whenever the operating temperature
changes significantly, relative to the specific system perfor-
mance requirements.
Due to the nature of the calibration feature, it is recommended
to avoid unnecessary activities on the device while the cali-
bration is taking place. For example, do not read or write to
the Serial Interface or use the DCLK Reset feature while cal-
ibrating the ADC. Doing so will impair the performance of the
device until it is re-calibrated correctly. Also, it is recommend-
ed to not apply a strong narrow-band signal to the analog
inputs during calibration because this may impair the accu-
racy of the calibration; broad spectrum noise is acceptable.
17.3.3.5 Calibration Adjust
The sequence of the calibration event itself may be adjusted.
This feature can be used if a shorter calibration time than the
default is required; see tCAL in Table 16. However, the perfor-
mance of the device, when using this feature is not guaran-
teed.
The calibration sequence may be adjusted via CSS (Addr:
4h, Bit 14). The default setting of CSS = 1b executes both
RIN and RIN_CLK Calibration (using Rtrim) and internal linearity
Calibration (using Rext). Executing a calibration with CSS =
0b executes only the internal linearity Calibration. The first
time that Calibration is executed, it must be with CSS = 1b to
trim RIN and RIN_CLK. However, once the device is at its op-
erating temperature and RIN has been trimmed at least one
time, it will not drift significantly. To save time in subsequent
calibrations, trimming RIN and RIN_CLK may be skipped, i.e. by
setting CSS = 0b.
17.3.3.6 Read/Write Calibration Settings
When the ADC performs a calibration, the calibration con-
stants are stored in an array which is accessible via the
Calibration Values register (Addr: 5h). To save the time which
it takes to execute a calibration, tCAL, or to allow re-use of a
previous calibration result, these values can be read from and
written to the register at a later time. For example, if an ap-
plication requires the same input impedance, RIN, this feature
can be used to load a previously determined set of values.
For the calibration values to be valid, the ADC must be oper-
ating under the same conditions, including temperature, at
which the calibration values were originally determined by the
ADC.
To read calibration values from the SPI, do the following:
1. Set ADC to desired operating conditions.
2. Set SSC (Addr: 4h, Bit 7) to 1.
3. Power down both I- and Q-channels.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
4. Read exactly 240 times the Calibration Values register
(Addr: 5h). The register values are R0, R1, R2... R239. The
contents of R<239:0> should be stored.
5. Power up I- and Q-channels to original setting.
6. Set SSC (Addr: 4h, Bit 7) to 0.
7. Continue with normal operation.
To write calibration values to the SPI, do the following:
1. Set ADC to operating conditions at which Calibration Val-
ues were previously read.
2. Set SSC (Addr: 4h, Bit 7) to 1.
3. Power down both I- and Q-channels.
4. Write exactly 240 times the Calibration Values register (Ad-
dr: 5h). The registers should be written with stored register
values R0, R1... R239.
5. Make two additional dummy writes of 0000h.
6. Power up I- and Q-channels to original setting.
7. Set SSC (Addr: 4h, Bit 7) to 0.
8. Continue with normal operation.
17.3.3.7 Calibration and Power-Down
If PDI and PDQ are simultaneously asserted during a cali-
bration cycle, the ADC12D1000/1600 will immediately power
down. The calibration cycle will continue when either or both
channels are powered back up, but the calibration will be
compromised due to the incomplete settling of bias currents
directly after power up. Therefore, a new calibration should
be executed upon powering the ADC12D1000/1600 back up.
In general, the ADC12D1000/1600 should be recalibrated
when either or both channels are powered back up, or after
one channel is powered down. For best results, this should
be done after the device has stabilized to its operating tem-
perature.
17.3.3.8 Calibration and the Digital Outputs
During calibration, the digital outputs (including DI, DId, DQ,
DQd and OR) are set logic-low, to reduce noise. The DCLK
runs continuously during calibration. After the calibration is
completed and the CalRun signal is logic-low, it takes an ad-
ditional 60 Sampling Clock cycles before the output of the
ADC12D1000/1600 is valid converted data from the analog
inputs. This is the time it takes for the pipeline to flush, as well
as for other internal processes.
17.3.4 Power Down
On the ADC12D1000/1600, the I- and Q-channels may be
powered down individually. This may be accomplished via the
control pins, PDI and PDQ, or via ECM. In ECM, the PDI and
PDQ pins are logically OR'd with the Control Register setting.
See Section 17.2.1.6 Power Down I-channel Pin (PDI)
andSection 17.2.1.7 Power Down Q-channel Pin (PDQ) for
more information.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
18.0 Applications Information
18.1 THE ANALOG INPUTS
The ADC12D1000/1600 will continuously convert any signal
which is present at the analog inputs, as long as a CLK signal
is also provided to the device. This section covers important
aspects related to the analog inputs including: acquiring the
input, driving the ADC in DES Mode, the reference voltage
and FSR, out-of-range indication, AC/DC-coupled signals,
and single-ended input signals.
18.1.1 Acquiring the Input
Data is acquired at the rising edge of CLK+ in Non-DES Mode
and both the falling and rising edges of CLK+ in DES Mode.
The digital equivalent of that data is available at the digital
outputs a constant number of sampling clock cycles later for
the DI, DQ, DId and DQd output buses, a.k.a. Latency, de-
pending on the demultiplex mode which is selected. See
tLAT in Table 14. In addition to the Latency, there is a constant
output delay, tOD, before the data is available at the outputs.
See tOD in Table 14 and the Timing Diagrams.
The output latency versus Demux/Non-Demux Mode is
shown in Table 24 and Table 25, respectively. For DES Mode,
note that the I- and Q-channel inputs are available in ECM,
but only the I-channel input is available in Non-ECM.
TABLE 24. Output Latency in Demux Mode
Data Non-DES Mode DES Mode
Q-input* I-input
DI
I-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
34 cycles earlier
Q-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
34 cycles earlier
I-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
34 cycles earlier
DQ
Q-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
34 cycles earlier
Q-input sampled
with fall of CLK,
34.5 cycles
earlier
I-input sampled
with fall of CLK,
34.5 cycles
earlier
DId
I-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
35 cycles earlier
Q-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
35 cycles earlier
I-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
35 cycles earlier
DQd
Q-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
35 cycles earlier
Q-input sampled
with fall of CLK,
35.5 cycles
earlier
I-input sampled
with fall of CLK,
35.5 cycles
earlier
TABLE 25. Output Latency in Non-Demux Mode
Data Non-DES Mode DES Mode
Q-input* I-input
DI
I-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
34 cycles earlier
Q-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
34 cycles earlier
I-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
34 cycles earlier
DQ
Q-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
34 cycles earlier
Q-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
34.5 cycles
earlier
I-input sampled
with rise of CLK,
34.5 cycles
earlier
DId No output;
high impedance.
DQd No output;
high impedance.
*Available in ECM only.
18.1.2 Driving the ADC in DES Mode
The ADC12D1000/1600 can be configured as either a 2-
channel, 1.0/1.6GSPS device (Non-DES Mode) or a 1-chan-
nel 2.0/3.2GSPS device (DES Mode). When the device is
configured in DES Mode, there is a choice for with which input
to drive the single-channel ADC. These are the 3 options:
DES – externally driving the I-channel input only. This is the
default selection when the ADC is configured in DES Mode.
It may also be referred to as “DESI” for added clarity.
DESQ – externally driving the Q-channel input only.
DESIQ – externally driving both the I- and Q-channel inputs.
VinI+ and VinQ+ should be driven with the exact same signal.
VinI- and VinQ- should be driven with the exact same signal,
which is the differential complement to the one driving VinI+
and VinQ+.
The input impedance for each I- and Q-input is 100Ω differ-
ential (or 50Ω single-ended), so the trace to each VinI+, VinI-,
VinQ+, and VinQ- should always be 50Ω single-ended. If a
single I- or Q-input is being driven, then that input will present
a 100Ω differential load. For example, if a 50Ω single-ended
source is driving the ADC, then a 1:2 balun will transform the
impedance to 100Ω differential. However, if the ADC is being
driven in DESIQ Mode, then the 100Ω differential impedance
from the I-input will appear in parallel with the Q-input for a
composite load of 50Ω differential and a 1:1 balun would be
appropriate. See Figure 14 for an example circuit driving the
ADC in DESIQ Mode. A recommended part selection is using
the Mini-Circuits TC1-1-13MA+ balun with Ccouple = 0.22µF.
30091613
FIGURE 14. Driving DESIQ Mode
In the case that only one channel is used in Non-DES Mode
or that the ADC is driven in DESI or DESQ Mode, the unused
analog input should be terminated to reduce any noise cou-
pling into the ADC. See Table 26 for details.
TABLE 26. Unused Analog Input Recommended
Termination
Mode Power
Down
Coupling Recommended
Termination
Non-DES Yes AC/DC Tie Unused+ and
Unused- to Vbg
DES/
Non-DES
No DC Tie Unused+ and
Unused- to Vbg
DES/
Non-DES
No AC Tie Unused+ to Unused-
51 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
18.1.3 FSR and the Reference Voltage
The full-scale analog differential input range (VIN_FSR) of the
ADC12D1000/1600 is derived from an internal bandgap ref-
erence. In Non-ECM, this full-scale range has two settings
controlled by the FSR Pin; see Section 17.2.1.9 Full-Scale
Input Range Pin (FSR). The FSR Pin operates on both I- and
Q-channels. In ECM, the full-scale range may be indepen-
dently set for each channel via Addr:3h and Bh with 15 bits
of precision; see Section 19.0 Register Definitions. The best
SNR is obtained with a higher full-scale input range, but better
distortion and SFDR are obtained with a lower full-scale input
range. It is not possible to use an external analog reference
voltage to modify the full-scale range, and this adjustment
should only be done digitally, as described.
A buffered version of the internal bandgap reference voltage
is made available at the VBG Pin for the user. The VBG pin can
drive a load of up to 80 pF and source or sink up to 100 μA.
It should be buffered if more current than this is required. This
pin remains as a constant reference voltage regardless of
what full-scale range is selected and may be used for a sys-
tem reference. VBG is a dual-purpose pin and it may also be
used to select a higher LVDS output common-mode voltage;
see Section 17.2.1.11 LVDS Output Common-mode Pin
(VBG).
18.1.4 Out-Of-Range Indication
Differential input signals are digitized to 12 bits, based on the
full-scale range. Signal excursions beyond the full-scale
range, i.e. greater than +VIN_FSR/2 or less than -VIN_FSR/2, will
be clipped at the output. An input signal which is above the
FSR will result in all 1's at the output and an input signal which
is below the FSR will result in all 0's at the output. When the
conversion result is clipped for the I-channel input, the Out-
of-Range I-channel (ORI) output is activated such that ORI+
goes high and ORI- goes low while the signal is out of range.
This output is active as long as accurate data on either or both
of the buses would be outside the range of 000h to FFFh. The
Q-channel has a separate ORQ which functions similarly.
18.1.5 Maximum Input Range
The recommended operating and absolute maximum input
range may be found in Section 11.0 Operating Ratings and
Section 10.0 Absolute Maximum Ratings, respectively. Under
the stated allowed operating conditions, each Vin+ and Vin-
input pin may be operated in the range from 0V to 2.15V if the
input is a continuous 100% duty cycle signal and from 0V to
2.5V if the input is a 10% duty cycle signal. The absolute
maximum input range for Vin+ and Vin- is from -0.15V to 2.5V.
These limits apply only for input signals for which the input
common mode voltage is properly maintained.
18.1.6 AC-coupled Input Signals
The ADC12D1000/1600 analog inputs require a precise com-
mon-mode voltage. This voltage is generated on-chip when
AC-coupling Mode is selected. See Section 17.2.1.10 AC/
DC-Coupled Mode Pin (VCMO) for more information about how
to select AC-coupled Mode.
In AC-coupled Mode, the analog inputs must of course be AC-
coupled. For an ADC12D1000/1600 used in a typical appli-
cation, this may be accomplished by on-board capacitors, as
shown in Figure 15. For the ADC12D1000/1600RB, the SMA
inputs on the Reference Board are directly connected to the
analog inputs on the ADC12D1000/1600, so this may be ac-
complished by DC blocks (included with the hardware kit).
When the AC-coupled Mode is selected, an analog input
channel that is not used (e.g. in DES Mode) should be con-
nected to AC ground, e.g. through capacitors to ground . Do
not connect an unused analog input directly to ground.
30091644
FIGURE 15. AC-coupled Differential Input
The analog inputs for the ADC12D1000/1600 are internally
buffered, which simplifies the task of driving these inputs and
the RC pole which is generally used at sampling ADC inputs
is not required. If the user desires to place an amplifier circuit
before the ADC, care should be taken to choose an amplifier
with adequate noise and distortion performance, and ade-
quate gain at the frequencies used for the application.
18.1.7 DC-coupled Input Signals
In DC-coupled Mode, the ADC12D1000/1600 differential in-
puts must have the correct common-mode voltage. This volt-
age is provided by the device itself at the VCMO output pin. It
is recommended to use this voltage because the VCMO output
potential will change with temperature and the common-mode
voltage of the driving device should track this change. Full-
scale distortion performance falls off as the input common
mode voltage deviates from VCMO. Therefore, it is recom-
mended to keep the input common-mode voltage within 100
mV of VCMO (typical), although this range may be extended to
±150 mV (maximum). See VCMI in Table 8 and ENOB vs.
VCMI in Section 16.0 Typical Performance Plots . Performance
in AC- and DC-coupled Mode are similar, provided that the
input common mode voltage at both analog inputs remains
within 100 mV of VCMO.
18.1.8 Single-Ended Input Signals
The analog inputs of the ADC12D1000/1600 are not designed
to accept single-ended signals. The best way to handle sin-
gle-ended signals is to first convert them to differential signals
before presenting them to the ADC. The easiest way to ac-
complish single-ended to differential signal conversion is with
an appropriate balun-transformer, as shown in Figure 16.
30091643
FIGURE 16. Single-Ended to Differential Conversion
Using a Balun
When selecting a balun, it is important to understand the input
architecture of the ADC. The impedance of the analog source
should be matched to the ADC12D1000/1600's on-chip
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
100Ω differential input termination resistor. The range of this
termination resistor is specified as RIN in Table 8.
18.2 THE CLOCK INPUTS
The ADC12D1000/1600 has a differential clock input, CLK+
and CLK-, which must be driven with an AC-coupled, differ-
ential clock signal. This provides the level shifting necessary
to allow for the clock to be driven with LVDS, PECL, LVPECL,
or CML levels. The clock inputs are internally terminated to
100Ω differential and self-biased. This section covers cou-
pling, frequency range, level, duty-cycle, jitter, and layout
considerations.
18.2.1 CLK Coupling
The clock inputs of the ADC12D1000/1600 must be capaci-
tively coupled to the clock pins as indicated in Figure 17.
30091647
FIGURE 17. Differential Input Clock Connection
The choice of capacitor value will depend on the clock fre-
quency, capacitor component characteristics and other sys-
tem economic factors. For example, on the
ADC12D1000/1600RB, the capacitors have the value Ccou-
ple = 4.7 nF which yields a highpass cutoff frequency, fc =
677.2 kHz.
18.2.2 CLK Frequency
Although the ADC12D1000/1600 is tested and its perfor-
mance is guaranteed with a differential 1.0/1.6 GHz sampling
clock, it will typically function well over the input clock fre-
quency range; see fCLK(min) and fCLK(max) in Table 14. Op-
eration up to fCLK(max) is possible if the maximum ambient
temperatures indicated are not exceeded. Operating at sam-
ple rates above fCLK(max) for the maximum ambient temper-
ature may result in reduced device reliability and product
lifetime. This is due to the fact that higher sample rates results
in higher power consumption and die temperatures. If fCLK <
300 MHz, enable LFS in the Control Register (Addr: 0h, Bit
8).
18.2.3 CLK Level
The input clock amplitude is specified as VIN_CLK in Table
10. Input clock amplitudes above the max VIN_CLK may result
in increased input offset voltage. This would cause the con-
verter to produce an output code other than the expected
2047/2048 when both input pins are at the same potential.
Insufficient input clock levels will result in poor dynamic per-
formance. Both of these results may be avoided by keeping
the clock input amplitude within the specified limits of
VIN_CLK.
18.2.4 CLK Duty Cycle
The duty cycle of the input clock signal can affect the perfor-
mance of any A/D converter. The ADC12D1000/1600 fea-
tures a duty cycle clock correction circuit which can maintain
performance over the 20%-to-80% specified clock duty-cycle
range. This feature is enabled by default and provides im-
proved ADC clocking, especially in the Dual-Edge Sampling
(DES) Mode.
18.2.5 CLK Jitter
High speed, high performance ADCs such as the AD-
C12D1000/1600 require a very stable input clock signal with
minimum phase noise or jitter. ADC jitter requirements are
defined by the ADC resolution (number of bits), maximum
ADC input frequency and the input signal amplitude relative
to the ADC input full scale range. The maximum jitter (the sum
of the jitter from all sources) allowed to prevent a jitter-induced
reduction in SNR is found to be
tJ(MAX) = ( VIN(P-P)/ VFSR) x (1/(2(N+1) x π x fIN))
where tJ(MAX) is the rms total of all jitter sources in seconds,
VIN(P-P) is the peak-to-peak analog input signal, VFSR is the
full-scale range of the ADC, "N" is the ADC resolution in bits
and fIN is the maximum input frequency, in Hertz, at the ADC
analog input.
tJ(MAX) is the square root of the sum of the squares (RSS) of
the jitter from all sources, including: the ADC input clock, sys-
tem, input signals and the ADC itself. Since the effective jitter
added by the ADC is beyond user control, it is recommended
to keep the sum of all other externally added jitter to a mini-
mum.
18.2.6 CLK Layout
The ADC12D1000/1600 clock input is internally terminated
with a trimmed 100Ω resistor. The differential input clock line
pair should have a characteristic impedance of 100Ω and
(when using a balun), be terminated at the clock source in that
(100Ω) characteristic impedance.
It is good practice to keep the ADC input clock line as short
as possible, tightly coupled, keep it well away from any other
signals, and treat it as a transmission line. Otherwise, other
signals can introduce jitter into the input clock signal. Also, the
clock signal can introduce noise into the analog path if it is not
properly isolated.
18.3 THE LVDS OUTPUTS
The Data, ORI, ORQ, DCLKI and DCLKQ outputs are LVDS.
The electrical specifications of the LVDS outputs are com-
patible with typical LVDS receivers available on ASIC and
FPGA chips; but they are not IEEE or ANSI communications
standards compliant due to the low +1.9V supply used on this
chip. These outputs should be terminated with a 100Ω differ-
ential resistor placed as closely to the receiver as possible. If
the 100Ω differential resistance is built in to the receiver, then
an externally placed resistor is not necessary. This section
covers common-mode and differential voltage, and data rate.
18.3.1 Common-mode and Differential Voltage
The LVDS outputs have selectable common-mode and dif-
ferential voltage, VOS and VOD; see Table 12. See Sec-
tion 17.3.2 Output Control and Adjust for more information.
Selecting the higher VOS will also increase VOD slightly. The
differential voltage, VOD, may be selected for the higher or
lower value. For short LVDS lines and low noise systems,
satisfactory performance may be realized with the lower
VOD. This will also result in lower power consumption. If the
LVDS lines are long and/or the system in which the
ADC12D1000/1600 is used is noisy, it may be necessary to
select the higher VOD.
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18.3.2 Output Data Rate
The data is produced at the output at the same rate it is sam-
pled at the input. The minimum recommended input clock rate
for this device is fCLK(MIN); see Table 14. However, it is possi-
ble to operate the device in 1:2 Demux Mode and capture data
from just one 12-bit bus, e.g. just DI (or DId) although both DI
and DId are fully operational. This will decimate the data by
two and effectively halve the data rate.
18.3.3 Terminating Unused LVDS Output Pins
If the ADC is used in Non-Demux Mode, then only the DI and
DQ data outputs will have valid data present on them. The
DId and DQd data outputs may be left not connected; if un-
used, they are internally at TRI-STATE.
Similarly, if the Q-channel is powered-down (i.e. PDQ is logic-
high), the DQ data output pins, DCLKQ and ORQ may be left
not connected.
18.4 SYNCHRONIZING MULTIPLE ADC12D1000/1600S IN
A SYSTEM
The ADC12D1000/1600 has two features to assist the user
with synchronizing multiple ADCs in a system; AutoSync and
DCLK Reset. The AutoSync feature is new and designates
one ADC12D1000/1600 as the Master ADC and other
ADC12D1000/1600s in the system as Slave ADCs. The
DCLK Reset feature performs the same function as the Au-
toSync feature, but is the first generation solution to synchro-
nizing multiple ADCs in a system; it is disabled by default. For
the application in which there are multiple Master and Slave
ADC12D1000/1600s in a system, AutoSync may be used to
synchronize the Slave ADC12D1000/1600(s) to each respec-
tive Master ADC12D1000/1600 and the DCLK Reset may be
used to synchronize the Master ADC12D1000/1600s to each
other.
If the AutoSync or DCLK Reset feature is not used, see Table
27 for recommendations about terminating unused pins.
TABLE 27. Unused AutoSync and DCLK Reset Pin
Recommendation
Pin(s) Unused termination
RCLK+/- Do not connect.
RCOUT1+/- Do not connect.
RCOUT2+/- Do not connect.
DCLK_RST+ Connect to GND via 1kΩ resistor.
DCLK_RST- Connect to VA via 1kΩ resistor.
18.4.1 AutoSync Feature
AutoSync is a new feature which continuously synchronizes
the outputs of multiple ADC12D1000/1600s in a system. It
may be used to synchronize the DCLK and data outputs of
one or more Slave ADC12D1000/1600s to one Master AD-
C12D1000/1600. Several advantages of this feature include:
no special synchronization pulse required, any upset in syn-
chronization is recovered upon the next DCLK cycle, and the
Master/Slave ADC12D1000/1600s may be arranged as a bi-
nary tree so that any upset will quickly propagate out of the
system.
An example system is shown below in Figure 18 which con-
sists of one Master ADC and two Slave ADCs. For simplicity,
only one DCLK is shown; in reality, there is DCLKI and
DCLKQ, but they are always in phase with one another.
30091603
FIGURE 18. AutoSync Example
In order to synchronize the DCLK (and Data) outputs of mul-
tiple ADCs, the DCLKs must transition at the same time, as
well as be in phase with one another. The DCLK at each ADC
is generated from the CLK after some latency, plus tOD minus
tAD. Therefore, in order for the DCLKs to transition at the same
time, the CLK signal must reach each ADC at the same time.
To tune out any differences in the CLK path to each ADC, the
tAD adjust feature may be used. However, using the tAD adjust
feature will also affect when the DCLK is produced at the out-
put. If the device is in Demux Mode, then there are four
possible phases which each DCLK may be generated on be-
cause the typical CLK = 1GHz and DCLK = 250 MHz for this
case. The RCLK signal controls the phase of the DCLK, so
that each Slave DCLK is on the same phase as the Master
DCLK.
The AutoSync feature may only be used via the Control Reg-
isters. For more information, see AN-2132.
18.4.2 DCLK Reset Feature
The DCLK reset feature is available via ECM, but it is disabled
by default. DCLKI and DCLKQ are always synchronized, by
design, and do not require a pulse from DCLK_RST to be-
come synchronized.
The DCLK_RST signal must observe certain timing require-
ments, which are shown in Figure 8 of the Timing Diagrams.
The DCLK_RST pulse must be of a minimum width and its
deassertion edge must observe setup and hold times with re-
spect to the CLK input rising edge. These timing specifica-
tions are listed as tPWR, tSR and tHR and may be found in Table
14.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
The DCLK_RST signal can be asserted asynchronously to
the input clock. If DCLK_RST is asserted, the DCLK output is
held in a designated state (logic-high) in Demux Mode; in
Non-Demux Mode, the DCLK continues to function normally.
Depending upon when the DCLK_RST signal is asserted,
there may be a narrow pulse on the DCLK line during this
reset event. When the DCLK_RST signal is de-asserted,
there are tSYNC_DLY CLK cycles of systematic delay and the
next CLK rising edge synchronizes the DCLK output with
those of other ADC12D1000/1600s in the system. For 90°
Mode (DDRPh = logic-high), the synchronizing edge occurs
on the rising edge of CLK, 4 cycles after the first rising edge
of CLK after DCLK_RST is released. For 0° Mode (DDRPh =
logic-low), this is 5 cycles instead. The DCLK output is en-
abled again after a constant delay of tOD.
For both Demux and Non-Demux Modes, there is some un-
certainty about how DCLK comes out of the reset state for the
first DCLK_RST pulse. For the second (and subsequent)
DCLK_RST pulses, the DCLK will come out of the reset state
in a known way. Therefore, if using the DCLK Reset feature,
it is recommended to apply one "dummy" DCLK_RST pulse
before using the second DCLK_RST pulse to synchronize the
outputs. This recommendation applies each time the device
or channel is powered-on.
When using DCLK_RST to synchronize multiple
ADC12D1000/1600s, it is required that the Select Phase bits
in the Control Register (Addr: Eh, Bits 3,4) be the same for
each Master ADC12D1000/1600.
18.5 SUPPLY/GROUNDING, LAYOUT AND THERMAL
RECOMMENDATIONS
18.5.1 Power Planes
All supply buses for the ADC should be sourced from a com-
mon linear voltage regulator. This ensures that all power
buses to the ADC are turned on and off simultaneously. This
single source will be split into individual sections of the power
plane, with individual decoupling and connection to the dif-
ferent power supply buses of the ADC. Due to the low voltage
but relatively high supply current requirement, the optimal so-
lution may be to use a switching regulator to provide an
intermediate low voltage, which is then regulated down to the
final ADC supply voltage by a linear regulator. Please refer to
the documentation provided for the ADC12D1000/1600RB for
additional details on specific regulators that are recommend-
ed for this configuration.
Power for the ADC should be provided through a broad plane
which is located on one layer adjacent to the ground plane(s).
Placing the power and ground planes on adjacent layers will
provide low impedance decoupling of the ADC supplies, es-
pecially at higher frequencies. The output of a linear regulator
should feed into the power plane through a low impedance
multi-via connection. The power plane should be split into in-
dividual power peninsulas near the ADC. Each peninsula
should feed a particular power bus on the ADC, with decou-
pling for that power bus connecting the peninsula to the
ground plane near each power/ground pin pair. Using this
technique can be difficult on many printed circuit CAD tools.
To work around this, zero ohm resistors can be used to con-
nect the power source net to the individual nets for the differ-
ent ADC power buses. As a final step, the zero ohm resistors
can be removed and the plane and peninsulas can be con-
nected manually after all other error checking is completed.
18.5.2 Bypass Capacitors
The general recommendation is to have one 100nF capacitor
for each power/ground pin pair. The capacitors should be
surface mount multi-layer ceramic chip capacitors similar to
Panasonic part number ECJ-0EB1A104K.
18.5.3 Ground Planes
Grounding should be done using continuous full ground
planes to minimize the impedance for all ground return paths,
and provide the shortest possible image/return path for all
signal traces.
18.5.4 Power System Example
The ADC12D1000/1600RB uses continuous ground planes
(except where clear areas are needed to provide appropriate
impedance management for specific signals), see Figure 19.
Power is provided on one plane, with the 1.9V ADC supply
being split into multiple zones or peninsulas for the specific
power buses of the ADC. Decoupling capacitors are connect-
ed between these power bus peninsulas and the adjacent
ground planes using vias. The capacitors are located as close
to the individual power/ground pin pairs of the ADC as possi-
ble. In most cases, this means the capacitors are located on
the opposite side of the PCB to the ADC.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
30091602
FIGURE 19. Power and Grounding Example
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
18.5.5 Thermal Management
The Heat Slug Ball Grid Array (HSBGA) package is a modified
version of the industry standard plastic BGA (Ball Grid Array)
package. Inside the package, a copper heat spreader cap is
attached to the substrate top with exposed metal in the center
top area of the package. This results in a 20% improvement
(typical) in thermal performance over the standard plastic
BGA package.
30091609
FIGURE 20. HSBGA Conceptual Drawing
The center balls are connected to the bottom of the die by vias
in the package substrate, Figure 20. This gives a low thermal
resistance between the die and these balls. Connecting these
balls to the PCB ground planes with a low thermal resistance
path is the best way dissipate the heat from the ADC. These
pins should also be connected to the ground plane via a low
impedance path for electrical purposes. The direct connection
to the ground planes is an easy method to spread heat away
from the ADC. Along with the ground plane, the parallel power
planes will provide additional thermal dissipation.
The center ground balls should be soldered down to the rec-
ommended ball pads (See AN-1126). These balls will have
wide traces which in turn have vias which connect to the in-
ternal ground planes, and a bottom ground pad/pour if pos-
sible. This ensures a good ground is provided for these balls,
and that the optimal heat transfer will occur between these
balls and the PCB ground planes.
In spite of these package enhancements, analysis using the
standard JEDEC JESD51-7 four-layer PCB thermal model
shows that ambient temperatures must be limited to 70/77°C
to ensure a safe operating junction temperature for the
ADC12D1000/1600. However, most applications using the
ADC12D1000/1600 will have a printed circuit board which is
more complex than that used in JESD51-7. Typical circuit
boards will have more layers than the JESD51-7 (eight or
more), several of which will be used for ground and power
planes. In those applications, the thermal resistance param-
eters of the ADC12D1000/1600 and the circuit board can be
used to determine the actual safe ambient operating temper-
ature up to a maximum of 85°C.
Three key parameters are provided to allow for modeling and
calculations. Because there are two main thermal paths be-
tween the ADC die and external environment, the thermal
resistance for each of these paths is provided. θJC1 represents
the thermal resistance between the die and the exposed met-
al area on the top of the HSBGA package. θJC2 represents the
thermal resistance between the die and the center group of
balls on the bottom of the HSBGA package. The final param-
eter is the allowed maximum junction temperature, TJ.
In other applications, a heat sink or other thermally conductive
path can be added to the top of the HSBGA package to re-
move heat. In those cases, θJC1 can be used along with the
thermal parameters for the heat sink or other thermal coupling
added. Representative heat sinks which might be used with
the ADC12D1000/1600 include the Cool Innovations p/n
3-1212XXG and similar products from other vendors. In many
applications, the printed circuit board will provide the primary
thermal path conducting heat away from the ADC package.
In those cases, θJC2 can be used in conjunction with printed
circuit board thermal modeling software to determine the al-
lowed operating conditions that will maintain the die temper-
ature below the maximum allowable limit. Additional dissipa-
tion can be achieved by coupling a heat sink to the copper
pour area on the bottom side of the printed circuit board.
Typically, dissipation will occur through one predominant
thermal path. In these cases, the following calculations can
be used to determine the maximum safe ambient operating
temperature for the ADC12D1600, for example:
TJ = TA + PD × (θJC+θCA)
TJ = TA + PC(MAX) × (θJC+θCA)
For θJC, the value for the primary thermal path in the given
application environment should be used (θJC1 or θJC2). θCA is
the thermal resistance from the case to ambient, which would
typically be that of the heat sink used. Using this relationship
and the desired ambient temperature, the required heat sink
thermal resistance can be found. Alternately, the heat sink
thermal resistance can be used to find the maximum ambient
temperature. For more complex systems, thermal modeling
software can be used to evaluate the printed circuit board
system and determine the expected junction temperature giv-
en the total system dissipation and ambient temperature.
18.6 SYSTEM POWER-ON CONSIDERATIONS
There are a couple important topics to consider associated
with the system power-on event including configuration and
calibration, and the Data Clock.
18.6.1 Power-on, Configuration, and Calibration
Following the application of power to the ADC12D1000/1600,
several events must take place before the output from the
ADC12D1000/1600 is valid and at full performance; at least
one full calibration must be executed with the device config-
ured in the desired mode.
Following the application of power to the ADC12D1000/1600,
there is a delay of tCalDly and then the Power-on Calibration is
executed. This is why it is recommended to set the CalDly Pin
via an external pull-up or pull-down resistor. This ensures that
the state of that input will be properly set at the same time that
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
power is applied to the ADC and tCalDly will be a known quan-
tity. For the purpose of this section, it is assumed that CalDly
is set as recommended.
The Control Bits or Pins must be set or written to configure
the ADC12D1000/1600 in the desired mode. This must take
place via either Extended Control Mode or Non-ECM (Pin
Control Mode) before subsequent calibrations will yield an
output at full performance in that mode. Some examples of
modes include DES/Non-DES Mode, Demux/Non-demux
Mode, and Full-Scale Range.
The simplest case is when device is in Non-ECM and the
Control Pins are set by pull-up/down resistors, see Figure
21. For this case, the settings to the Control Pins ramp con-
currently to the ADC voltage. Following the delay of tCalDly and
the calibration execution time, tCAL, the output of the AD-
C12D1000/1600 is valid and at full performance. If it takes
longer than tCalDly for the system to stabilize at its operating
temperature, it is recommended to execute an on-command
calibration at that time.
Another case is when the FPGA configures the Control Pins
(Non-ECM) or writes to the SPI (ECM), see Figure 22. It is
always necessary to comply with the Operating Ratings and
Absolute Maximum ratings, i.e. the Control Pins may not be
driven below the ground or above the supply, regardless of
what the voltage currently applied to the supply is. Therefore,
it is not recommended to write to the Control Pins or SPI be-
fore power is applied to the ADC12D1000/1600. As long as
the FPGA has completed writing to the Control Pins or SPI,
the Power-on Calibration will result in a valid output at full
performance. Once again, if it takes longer than tCalDly for the
system to stabilize at its operating temperature, it is recom-
mended to execute an on-command calibration at that time.
Due to system requirements, it may not be possible for the
FPGA to write to the Control Pins or SPI before the Power-on
Calibration takes place, see Figure 23. It is not critical to con-
figure the device before the Power-on Calibration, but it is
critical to realize that the output for such a case is not at its
full performance. Following an On-command Calibration, the
device will be at its full performance.
30091664
FIGURE 21. Power-on with Control Pins set by Pull-up/down Resistors
30091665
FIGURE 22. Power-on with Control Pins set by FPGA pre Power-on Cal
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
30091666
FIGURE 23. Power-on with Control Pins set by FPGA post Power-on Cal
18.6.2 Power-on and Data Clock (DCLK)
Many applications use the DCLK output for a system clock.
For the ADC12D1000/1600, each I- and Q-channel has its
own DCLKI and DCLKQ, respectively. The DCLK output is
always active, unless that channel is powered-down or the
DCLK Reset feature is used while the device is in Demux
Mode. As the supply to the ADC12D1000/1600 ramps, the
DCLK also comes up, see this example from the
ADC12D1000/1600RB: Figure 24. While the supply is too
low, there is no output at DCLK. As the supply continues to
ramp, DCLK functions intermittently with irregular frequency,
but the amplitude continues to track with the supply. Much
below the low end of operating supply range of the AD-
C12D1000/1600, the DCLK is already fully operational.
30091690
FIGURE 24. Supply and DCLK Ramping
18.7 RECOMMENDED SYSTEM CHIPS
National recommends these other chips including tempera-
ture sensors, clocking devices, and amplifiers in order to
support the ADC12D1000/1600 in a system design.
18.7.1 Temperature Sensor
The ADC12D1000/1600 has an on-die temperature diode
connected to pins Tdiode+/- which may be used to monitor
the die temperature. National also provides a family of tem-
perature sensors for this application which monitor different
numbers of external devices, see Table 28.
TABLE 28. Temperature Sensor Recommendation
Number of External
Devices Monitored
Recommended Temperature
Sensor
1 LM95235
2 LM95213
4 LM95214
The temperature sensor (LM95235/13/14) is an 11-bit digital
temperature sensor with a 2-wire System Management Bus
(SMBus) interface that can monitor the temperature of one,
two, or four remote diodes as well as its own temperature. It
can be used to accurately monitor the temperature of up to
one, two, or four external devices such as the AD-
C12D1000/1600, a FPGA, other system components, and the
ambient temperature.
The temperature sensor reports temperature in two different
formats for +127.875°C/-128°C range and 0°/255°C range. It
has a Sigma-Delta ADC core which provides the first level of
noise immunity. For improved performance in a noisy envi-
ronment, the temperature sensor includes programmable dig-
ital filters for Remote Diode temperature readings. When the
digital filters are invoked, the resolution for the Remote Diode
readings increases to 0.03125°C. For maximum flexibility and
best accuracy, the temperature sensor includes offset regis-
ters that allow calibration for other types of diodes.
Diode fault detection circuitry in the temperature sensor can
detect the absence or fault state of a remote diode: whether
D+ is shorted to the power supply, D- or ground, or floating.
In the following typical application, the LM95213 is used to
monitor the temperature of an ADC12D1000/1600 as well as
an FPGA, see Figure 25. If this feature is unused, the Tdiode
+/- pins may be left floating.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
30091697
FIGURE 25. Typical Temperature Sensor Application
18.7.2 Clocking Device
The clock source can be a PLL/VCO device such as the
LMX2531LQxxxx family of products. The specific device
should be selected according to the desired ADC sampling
clock frequency. The ADC12D1000/1600RB uses the
LMX2531LQ1910E/1570E, with the ADC clock source pro-
vided by the Aux PLL output. Other devices which may be
considered based on clock source, jitter cleaning, and distri-
bution purposes are the LMK01XXX, LMK02XXX,
LMK03XXX and LMK04XXX product families.
18.7.3 Amplifiers for the Analog Input
The following amplifiers can be used for ADC12D1000/1600
applications which require DC coupled input or signal gain,
neither of which can be provided with a transformer coupled
input circuit:
TABLE 29. Amplifier Recommendations
Amplifier Bandwidth Brief features
LMH6552 1.5 GHz Configurable gain
LMH6553 900 MHz Output clamp and
configurable gain
LMH6554 2.8 GHz Configurable gain
LMH6555 1.2 GHz Fixed gain
18.7.4 Balun Recommendations for Analog Input
The following baluns are recommended for the AD-
C12D1000/1600 for applications which require no gain. When
evaluating a balun for the application of driving an ADC, some
important qualities to consider are phase error and magnitude
error.
TABLE 30. Balun Recommendations
Balun Bandwidth
Mini Circuits
TC1-1-13MA+
4.5 - 3000MHz
Anaren
B0430J50100A00
400 - 3000 MHz
Mini Circuits
ADTL2-18
30 - 1800 MHz
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
19.0 Register Definitions
Ten read/write registers provide several control and configuration options in the Extended Control Mode. These registers have no
effect when the device is in the Non-extended Control Mode. Each register description below also shows the Power-On Reset
(POR) state of each control bit. See Table 31 for a summary. For a description of the functionality and timing to read/write the
control registers, see Section 17.2.2.1 The Serial Interface.
TABLE 31. Register Addresses
A3 A2 A1 A0 Hex Register Addressed
00000hConfiguration Register 1
00011hReserved
00102hI-channel Offset
00113hI-channel Full-Scale Range
01004hCalibration Adjust
01015hCalibration Values
01106hReserved
01117hDES Timing Adjust
10008hReserved
10019hReserved
1010AhQ-channel Offset
1011BhQ-channel Full-Scale Range
1100ChAperture Delay Coarse Adjust
1101DhAperture Delay Fine Adjust
1110EhAutoSync
1111FhReserved
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Configuration Register 1
Addr: 0h (0000b) POR state: 2000h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name CAL DPS OVS TPM PDI PDQ Res LFS DES DEQ DIQ 2SC TSE Res
POR 0010000000000000
Bit 15 CAL: Calibration Enable. When this bit is set to 1b, an on-command calibration is initiated. This bit is not reset
automatically upon completion of the calibration. Therefore, the user must reset this bit to 0b and then set it to
1b again to execute another calibration. This bit is logically OR'd with the CAL Pin; both bit and pin must be set
to 0b before either is used to execute a calibration.
Bit 14 DPS: DCLK Phase Select. In DDR, set this bit to 0b to select the 0° Mode DDR Data-to-DCLK phase relationship
and to 1b to select the 90° Mode. If the device is in Non-Demux Mode, this bit has no effect; the device will always
be in 0°DDR Mode.
Bit 13 OVS: Output Voltage Select. This bit sets the differential voltage level for the LVDS outputs including Data, OR,
and DCLK. 0b selects the lower level and 1b selects the higher level. See VOD in Table 12 for details.
Bit 12 TPM: Test Pattern Mode. When this bit is set to 1b, the device will continually output a fixed digital pattern at the
digital Data and OR outputs. When set to 0b, the device will continually output the converted signal, which was
present at the analog inputs. See Section 17.3.2.6 Test Pattern Mode for details about the TPM pattern.
Bit 11 PDI: Power-down I-channel. When this bit is set to 0b, the I-channel is fully operational; when it is set to 1b, the
I-channel is powered-down. The I-channel may be powered-down via this bit or the PDI Pin, which is active, even
in ECM.
Bit 10 PDQ: Power-down Q-channel. When this bit is set to 0b, the Q-channel is fully operational; when it is set to
1b, the Q-channel is powered-down. The Q-channel may be powered-down via this bit or the PDQ Pin, which is
active, even in ECM.
Bit 9 Reserved. Must be set to 0b.
Bit 8 LFS: Low-Frequency Select. If the sampling clock (CLK) is at or below 300 MHz, set this bit to 1b for improved
performance.
Bit 7 DES: Dual-Edge Sampling Mode select. When this bit is set to 0b, the device will operate in the Non-DES Mode;
when it is set to 1b, the device will operate in the DES Mode. See Section 17.3.1.4 DES/Non-DES Mode for more
information.
Bit 6 DEQ: DES Q-input select, a.k.a. DESQ Mode. When the device is in DES Mode, this bit selects the input that
the device will operate on. The default setting of 0b selects the I-input and 1b selects the Q-input.
Bit 5 DIQ: DES I- and Q-input, a.k.a. DESIQ Mode. When in DES Mode, setting this bit to 1b shorts the I- and Q-inputs
internally to the device. If the bit is left at its default 0b, the I- and Q-inputs remain electrically separate. To operate
the device in DESIQ Mode, Bits<7:5> must be set to 101b. In this mode, both the I- and Q-inputs must be
externally driven; see Section 17.3.1.4 DES/Non-DES Mode for more information.
Bit 4 2SC: Two's Complement output. For the default setting of 0b, the data is output in Offset Binary format; when
set to 1b, the data is output in Two's Complement format.
Bit 3 TSE: Time Stamp Enable. For the default setting of 0b, the Time Stamp feature is not enabled; when set to
1b, the feature is enabled. See Section 17.3.2 Output Control and Adjust for more information about this feature.
Bits 2:0 Reserved. Must be set as shown.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Reserved
Addr: 1h (0001b) POR state: 2A0Eh
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name Res
POR 0010101000001110
Bits 15:0 Reserved. Must be set as shown.
I-channel Offset Adjust
Addr: 2h (0010b) POR state: 0000h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name Res OS OM(11:0)
POR 0000000000000000
Bits 15:13 Reserved. Must be set to 0b.
Bit 12 OS: Offset Sign. The default setting of 0b incurs a positive offset of a magnitude set by Bits 11:0 to the ADC
output. Setting this bet to 1b incurs a negative offset of the set magnitude.
Bits 11:0 OM(11:0): Offset Magnitude. These bits determine the magnitude of the offset set at the ADC output (straight
binary coding). The range is from 0 mV for OM(11:0) = 0d to 45 mV for OM(11:0) = 4095d in steps of ~11 µV.
Monotonicity is guaranteed by design only for the 9 MSBs.
Code Offset [mV]
0000 0000 0000 (default) 0
1000 0000 0000 22.5
1111 1111 1111 45
I-channel Full Scale Range Adjust
Addr: 3h (0011b) POR state: 4000h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name Res FM(14:0)
POR 0100000000000000
Bit 15 Reserved. Must be set to 0b.
Bits 14:0 FM(14:0): FSR Magnitude. These bits increase the ADC full-scale range magnitude (straight binary coding.) The
range is from 600 mV (0d) to 1000 mV (32767d) with the default setting at 800 mV (16384d). Monotonicity is
guaranteed by design only for the 9 MSBs. The mid-range (low) setting in ECM corresponds to the nominal (low)
setting in Non-ECM. A greater range of FSR values is available in ECM, i.e. FSR values above 800 mV. See
VIN_FSR in Table 8 for characterization details.
Code FSR [mV]
000 0000 0000 0000 600
100 0000 0000 0000 (default) 800
111 1111 1111 1111 1000
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Calibration Adjust
Addr: 4h (0100b) POR state: DF4Bh
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name Res CSS Res SSC Res
POR 1101111101001011
Bit 15 Reserved. Must be set as shown.
Bit 14 CSS: Calibration Sequence Select. The default 1b selects the following calibration sequence: reset all previously
calibrated elements to nominal values, do RIN Calibration, do internal linearity Calibration. Setting CSS = 0b
selects the following calibration sequence: do not reset RIN to its nominal value, skip RIN calibration, do internal
linearity Calibration. The calibration must be completed at least one time with CSS = 1b to calibrate RIN.
Subsequent calibrations may be run with CSS = 0b (skip RIN calibration) or 1b (full RIN and internal linearity
Calibration).
Bits 13:8 Reserved. Must be set as shown.
Bit 7 SSC: SPI Scan Control. Setting this control bit to 1b allows the calibration values, stored in Addr: 5h, to be read/
written. When not reading/writing the calibration values, this control bit should left at its default 0b setting. See
Section 17.3.3 Calibration Feature for more information.
Bits 6:0 Reserved. Must be set as shown.
Calibration Values
Addr: 5h (0101b) POR state: XXXXh
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name SS(15:0)
POR XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Bits 15:0 SS(15:0): SPI Scan. When the ADC performs a self-calibration, the values for the calibration are stored in this
register and may be read from/ written to it. Set SSC (Addr: 4h, Bit 7) to read/write. See Section 17.3.3 Calibration
Feature for more information.
Reserved
Addr: 6h (0110b) POR state: 1C20h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name Res
POR 0001110000100000
Bits 15:0 Reserved. Must be set as shown.
DES Timing Adjust
Addr: 7h (0111b) POR state: 8140h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name DTA(6:0) Res
POR 1000000101000000
Bits 15:9 DTA(6:0): DES Mode Timing Adjust. In the DES Mode, the time at which the falling edge sampling clock samples
relative to the rising edge of the sampling clock may be adjusted; the automatic duty cycle correction continues
to function. See Section 17.3.1 Input Control and Adjust for more information. The nominal step size is 30fs.
Bits 8:0 Reserved. Must be set as shown.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Reserved
Addr: 8h (1000b) POR state: 0000h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name Res
POR 0000000000000000
Bits 15:0 Reserved. Must be set as shown.
Reserved
Addr: 9h (1001b) POR state: 0000h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name Res
POR 0000000000000000
Bits 15:0 Reserved. Must be set as shown.
Q-channel Offset Adjust
Addr: Ah (1010b) POR state: 0000h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name Res OS OM(11:0)
POR 0000000000000000
Bits 15:13 Reserved. Must be set to 0b.
Bit 12 OS: Offset Sign. The default setting of 0b incurs a positive offset of a magnitude set by Bits 11:0 to the ADC
output. Setting this bet to 1b incurs a negative offset of the set magnitude.
Bits 11:0 OM(11:0): Offset Magnitude. These bits determine the magnitude of the offset set at the ADC output (straight
binary coding). The range is from 0 mV for OM(11:0) = 0d to 45 mV for OM(11:0) = 4095d in steps of ~11 µV.
Monotonicity is guaranteed by design only for the 9 MSBs.
Code Offset [mV]
0000 0000 0000 (default) 0
1000 0000 0000 22.5
1111 1111 1111 45
Q-channel Full-Scale Range Adjust
Addr: Bh (1011b) POR state: 4000h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name Res FM(14:0)
POR 0100000000000000
Bit 15 Reserved. Must be set to 0b.
Bits 14:0 FM(14:0): FSR Magnitude. These bits increase the ADC full-scale range magnitude (straight binary coding.) The
range is from 600 mV (0d) to 1000 mV (32767d) with the default setting at 800 mV (16384d). Monotonicity is
guaranteed by design only for the 9 MSBs. The mid-range (low) setting in ECM corresponds to the nominal (low)
setting in Non-ECM. A greater range of FSR values is available in ECM, i.e. FSR values above 800 mV. See
VIN_FSR in Table 8 for characterization details.
Code FSR [mV]
000 0000 0000 0000 600
100 0000 0000 0000 (default) 800
111 1111 1111 1111 1000
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Aperture Delay Coarse Adjust
Addr: Ch (1100b) POR state: 0004h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name CAM(11:0) STA DCC Res
POR 0000000000000100
Bits 15:4 CAM(11:0): Coarse Adjust Magnitude. This 12-bit value determines the amount of delay that will be applied to
the input CLK signal. The range is 0 ps delay for CAM(11:0) = 0d to a maximum delay of 825 ps for
CAM(11:0) = 2431d (±95 ps due to PVT variation) in steps of ~340 fs. For code CAM(11:0) = 2432d and above,
the delay saturates and the maximum delay applies. Additional, finer delay steps are available in register Dh.
The STA (Bit 3) must be selected to enable this function.
Bit 3 STA: Select tAD Adjust. Set this bit to 1b to enable the tAD adjust feature, which will make both coarse and fine
adjustment settings, i.e. CAM(11:0) and FAM(5:0), available.
Bit 2 DCC: Duty Cycle Correct. This bit can be set to 0b to disable the automatic duty-cycle stabilizer feature of the
chip. This feature is enabled by default.
Bits 1:0 Reserved. Must be set to 0b.
Aperture Delay Fine Adjust
Addr: Dh (1101b) POR state: 0000h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name FAM(5:0) Res Res
POR 0000000000000000
Bits 15:10 FAM(5:0): Fine Aperture Adjust Magnitude. This 6-bit value determines the amount of additional delay that will
be applied to the input CLK when the Clock Phase Adjust feature is enabled via STA (Addr: Ch, Bit 3). The range
is straight binary from 0 ps delay for FAM(5:0) = 0d to 2.3 ps delay for FAM(5:0) = 63d (±300 fs due to PVT
variation) in steps of ~36 fs.
Bits 9:0 Reserved. Must be set as shown.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
AutoSync
Addr: Eh (1110b) POR state: 0003h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name DRC(8:0) Res SP(1:0) ES DOC DR
POR 0000000000000011
Bits 15:7 DRC(8:0): Delay Reference Clock (8:0). These bits may be used to increase the delay on the input reference
clock when synchronizing multiple ADCs. The delay may be set from a minimum of 0s (0d) to a maximum of
1000 ps (319d). The delay remains the maximum of 1000 ps for any codes above or equal to 319d. See
Section 18.4 SYNCHRONIZING MULTIPLE ADC12D1000/1600S IN A SYSTEM for more information.
Bits 6:5 Reserved. Must be set as shown.
Bits 4:3 SP(1:0): Select Phase. These bits select the phase of the reference clock which is latched. The codes correspond
to the following phase shift:
00 = 0°
01 = 90°
10 = 180°
11 = 270°
Bit 2 ES: Enable Slave. Set this bit to 1b to enable the Slave Mode of operation. In this mode, the internal divided
clocks are synchronized with the reference clock coming from the master ADC. The master clock is applied on
the input pins RCLK. If this bit is set to 0b, then the device is in Master Mode.
Bit 1 DOC: Disable Output reference Clocks. Setting this bit to 0b sends a CLK/4 signal on RCOut1 and RCOut2. The
default setting of 1b disables these output drivers. This bit functions as described, regardless of whether the
device is operating in Master or Slave Mode, as determined by ES (Bit 2).
Bit 0 DR: Disable Reset. The default setting of 1b leaves the DCLK_RST functionality disabled. Set this bit to 0b to
enable DCLK_RST functionality.
Reserved
Addr: Fh (1111b) POR state: 0018h
Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Name Res
POR 0000000000011000
Bits 15:0 Reserved. This address is read only.
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
20.0 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
REFERENCE JEDEC REGISTRATION MS-034, VARIATION BAL-2.
292-Ball BGA Thermally Enhanced Package
Order Number ADC12D1000/1600CIUT
NS Package Number UFH292A
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ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Notes
69 www.national.com
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600
Notes
ADC12D1000/ADC12D1600 12-Bit, 2.0/3.2 GSPS Ultra High-Speed ADC
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