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LTM8078
20
Rev. A
For more information www.analog.com
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Thermal Considerations
The LTM8078 output current may need to be derated if
it is required to operate in a high ambient temperature.
The amount of current derating is dependent upon the
input voltage, output power and ambient temperature.
The derating curves given in the Typical Performance
Characteristics section can be used as a guide. These
curves were generated by the LTM8078 mounted to
a 58cm2 4-layer FR4 printed circuit board. Boards of
other sizes and layer count can exhibit different thermal
behavior, so it is incumbent upon the user to verify proper
operation over the intended system’s line, load and envi-
ronmental operating conditions.
For increased accuracy and fidelity to the actual applica-
tion, many designers use FEA (Finite Element Analysis) or
CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) to predict thermal
performance. To that end, the Pin Configuration typically
gives three dominant thermalcoefficients:
1. θJA – Thermal resistance from junction to ambient
2. θJCbot – Thermal resistance from junction to the bot-
tom of the product case
3. θJCtop – Thermal resistance from junction to top of
the product case
While the meaning of each of these coefficients may seem
to be intuitive, JEDEC has defined each to avoid confusion
and inconsistency. These definitions are given in JESD
51-12, and are quoted or paraphrased below:
1. θJA is the natural convection junction-to-ambient
air thermal resistance measured in a one cubic foot
sealed enclosure. This environment is sometimes
referred to as “still air” although natural convection
causes the air to move. This value is determined with
the part mounted to a JESD 51-9 defined test board,
which does not reflect an actual application or viable
operating condition.
2. θJCbot is the junction-to-board thermal resistance
with all of the component power dissipation flow-
ing through the bottom of the package. In the typical
µModule regulator, the bulk of the heat flows out the
bottom of the package, but there is always heat flow
out into the ambient environment. As a result, this
thermal resistance value may be useful for compar-
ing packages but the test conditions don’t generally
match the user’s application.
3. θJCtop is determined with nearly all of the compo-
nent power dissipation flowing through the top of the
package. As the electrical connections of the typical
µModule regulator are on the bottom of the package,
it is rare for an application to operate such that most
of the heat flows from the junction to the top of the
part. As in the case of θ
JCbot
, this value may be useful
for comparing packages but the test conditions don’t
generally match the user’s application.
Given these definitions, it should now be apparent that
none of these thermal coefficients reflects an actual physi-
cal operating condition of a µModule regulator. Thus, none
of them can be individually used to accurately predict the
thermal performance of the product. Likewise, it would
be inappropriate to attempt to use any one coefficient to
correlate to the junction temperature vs load graphs given
in the product’s data sheet. The only appropriate way to
use the coefficients is when running a detailed thermal
analysis, such as FEA, which considers all of the thermal
resistances simultaneously.
A graphical approximation of these dominant thermal
resistances is given in Figure3. Some thermal resistance
elements, such as heat flow out the side of the package,
are not defined by the JEDEC standard and are not shown.
The blue resistances are contained within the µModule
regulator, and the green are outside.
The die temperature of the LTM8078 must be lower than
the maximum rating, so care should be taken in the layout
of the circuit to ensure good heat sinking of the LTM8078.
The bulk of the heat flow out of the LTM8078 is through
the bottom of the package and the pads into the printed
circuit board. Consequently a poor printed circuit board
design can cause excessive heating, resulting in impaired
performance or reliability. Please refer to the PCB Layout
section for printed circuit board design suggestions.