MIC39152WU - MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY

MIC39150/39151/39152

1.5A, Low-Voltage Low-Dropout

Regulator

**See Thermal Design Section

Super ßeta PNP is a registered trademark of Micrel, Inc.

StrongARM is a trademark of Advanced RSIC Machines, Ltd.

Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com

October 2009 M9999-102309-A

General Description

The MIC39150, MIC39151, and MIC39152 are 1.5A LDO

voltage regulators that provide a low voltage, high current

output with a minimum of external components. Utilizing

Micrel’s proprietary Super βeta PNP® pass element, the

MIC39150/1/2 offers extremely low dropout (typically

375mV at 1.5A) and low ground current (typically 17mA at

1.5A).

The MIC39150/1/2 are ideal for PC add-in cards that need

to convert from 3.3V to 2.5V or 2.5V to 1.8V with a

guaranteed maximum dropout voltage of 500mV over all

operating conditions. The MIC39150/1/2 exhibit fast

transient response for heavy switching applications and

requires only 10µF of output capacitance to maintain

stability and achieve fast transient response.

The MIC39150/1/2 is fully protected with current limiting,

thermal shutdown, reversed-battery protection/lead

insertion, and reverse-leakage protection. The MIC39151

offers a TTL-logic compatible enable pin and an error flag

that indicates undervoltage and overcurrent conditions.

Offered in fixed voltages of 2.5V, 1.8V and 1.65V, the

MIC39150/1 comes in the TO-220 and TO-263 (D2Pak)

packages. The MIC39152 adjustable option allows

programming the output voltage anywhere between 1.24V

and 15.5V and comes in 5-Pin, TO-263 (D2Pak) and

TO-252 (D-Pak) packages.

For applications requiring input voltage greater than 16V or

automotive load dump protection, see the MIC29150/1/2/3

family.

Features

• 1.5A minimum guaranteed output current

• 500mV maximum dropout voltage over temperature

– Ideal for 3.0V to 2.5V conversion

– Ideal for 2.5 to 1.8V or 1.65V conversion

• 1% initial accuracy

• Low ground current

• Current limiting and Thermal shutdown

• Reversed-battery and reversed lead insertion protection

• Reversed-leakage protection

• Fast transient response

• TTL/CMOS compatible enable pin (MIC39151/2 only)

• Error flag output (MIC39151 only)

• Adjustable output (MIC39152 only)

• Power D-Pak package (TO-252) Adjustable only

• Power D2Pak package (TO-263)

Applications

• Low-voltage digital ICs

• LDO linear regulator for PC add-in cards

• High-efficiency linear power supplies

• SMPS post regulator

• Low-voltage microcontrollers

• StrongARM™ processor supply

Typical Application**

MIC39150 MIC39151 MIC39152 Adjustable Output Application

(*See Minimum Load Current Section)

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Ordering Information

Part Number

Standard RoHS Compliant*

Voltage Junction

Temp. Range Package

MIC39150-1.65BT MIC39150-1.65WT 1.65V –40° to +125°C 3-Pin TO-220

MIC39150-1.65BU MIC39150-1.65WU 1.65V –40° to +125°C 3-Pin TO-263

MIC39150-1.8BT MIC39150-1.8WT 1.8V –40° to +125°C 3-Pin TO-220

MIC39150-1.8BU MIC39150-1.8WU 1.8V –40° to +125°C 3-Pin TO-263

MIC39150-2.5BT MIC39150-2.5WT 2.5V –40° to +125°C 3-Pin TO-220

MIC39150-2.5BU MIC39150-2.5WU 2.5V –40° to +125°C 3-Pin TO-263

MIC39151-1.65BT MIC39151-1.65WT 1.65V –40° to +125°C 5-Pin TO-220

MIC39151-1.65BU MIC39151-1.65WU 1.65V –40° to +125°C 5-Pin TO-263

MIC39151-1.8BT MIC39151-1.8WT 1.8V –40° to +125°C 5-Pin TO-220

MIC39151-1.8BU MIC39151-1.8WU 1.8V –40° to +125°C 5-Pin TO-263

MIC39151-2.5BT MIC39151-2.5WT 2.5V –40° to +125°C 5-Pin TO-220

MIC39151-2.5BU MIC39151-2.5WU 2.5V –40° to +125°C 5-Pin TO-263

— MIC39152WU Adjustable –40° to +125°C 5-Pin TO-263

— MIC39152WD Adjustable –40° to +125°C 5-Pin TO-252

Note:

* RoHS compliant with ‘high-melting solder’ exemption.

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Pin Configur ation

3OUT

2GND

1IN

3OUT

2GND

1IN

MIC39150-x.xBT/WT

TO-220-3 (T)

MIC39150-x.xBU/WU

TO-263-3 (U)

5FLG

4OUT

3GND

2IN

1EN

MIC39151-x.xBT/WT

TO-220-5 (T) MIC39151-x.xBU/WU

TO-263-5 (D2Pak) (U)

MIC39152WU

TO-263-5 (D2Pak) (U)) MIC39152WD

TO-252-5 (D-Pak) (D)

Pin Description

Pin Number

MIC39150 Pin Number

MIC39151

Pin Number

MIC39152

Pin Name Pin Description

— 1 1 EN

Enable (Input): TTL/CMOS compatible input. Logic high =

enable; logic low or open = shutdown.

1 2 2 IN Unregulated Input: +16V maximum supply.

2, TAB 3, TAB 3, TAB GND Ground: Ground pin and TAB are internally connected.

3 4 4 OUT Regulator Output.

— 5 — FLG

Error Flag (Output): Open-collector output. Active low

indicates an output fault condition.

— — 5 ADJ

Adjustable Regulator Feedback Input: Connect to the

resistor voltage divider that is placed from OUT to GND in

order to set the output voltage.

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Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)

Supply Voltage (VIN)....................................... –20V to +20V

Enable Voltage (VEN)....................................................+20V

Storage Temperature (Ts) .........................–60°C to +150°C

Lead Temperature (soldering, 5 sec.)........................ 260°C

ESD Rating................................................................ Note 3

Operating Ratings(2)

Supply Voltage (VIN).................................... +2.25V to +16V

Enable Voltage (VEN)....................................................+16V

Maximum Power Dissipation (PD(max)) ....................... Note 4

Junction Temperature (TJ) ........................ –40°C to +125°C

Package Thermal Resistance

TO-263 (θJC) ........................................................2°C/W

TO-220 (θJC) ........................................................2°C/W

TO-252 (θJC) ........................................................3°C/W

TO-252 (θJA) ......................................................56°C/W

Electrical Characteristics(5)

VIN = VEN = VOUT + 1V; IOUT = 10mA; TJ = 25°C, bold values indicate –40°C< TJ < +125°C, unless noted.

Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units

Output Voltage 10mA

10mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 1.5A, VOUT + 1V ≤ VIN ≤ 8V

–1

–2

Line Regulation IOUT = 10mA, VOUT + 1V ≤ VIN ≤ 16V 0.06 0.5 %

VOUT

Load Regulation VIN = VOUT + 1V, 10mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 1.5A 0.2 1 %

∆VOUT/∆T Output Voltage Temp.

Coefficient, Note 6

100 ppm/°C

IOUT = 100mA, ∆VOUT = –1% 80 200 mV

IOUT = 750mA, ∆VOUT = –1% 260 mV

VDO Dropout Voltage, Note 7

IOUT = 1.5A, ∆VOUT = –1% 375 500 mV

IOUT = 750mA, VIN = VOUT + 1V 4 20 mA IGND Ground Current, Note 8

IOUT = 1.5A, VIN = VOUT + 1V 17 mA

IGND(do) Dropout Ground Pin Current VIN ≤ VOUT(nominal) – 0.5V, IOUT = 10mA 1.1 mA

IOUT(lim) Current Limit VOUT = 0V, VIN = VOUT + 1V 2.8 A

IOUT(min) Minimum Load Current 7 10 mA

tSTART Start-up Time VEN = VIN, IOUT = 10mA, COUT = 47µF 35 150 µs

Enable Input (MIC39151)

logic low (off) 0.8 V VEN Enable Input Voltage

logic high (on) 2.25 V

VEN = 2.25V 1 15 30

µA

IIN Enable Input Current

VEN = 0.8V 2

µA

IOUT(shdn) Shutdown Output Voltage Note 9 10

20 µA

Flag Output (MIC39151)

IFLG(leak) Output Leakage Current VOH = 16V 0.01 1

µA

VFLG(do) Output Low Voltage VIN = 2.250V, IOL = 250µA, Note 10 180

300

400

Low Threshold % of VOUT 93 %

High Threshold % of VOUT 99.2 %

VFLG

Hysteresis 1 %

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Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units

Reference (Adjust Pin) – MIC39152 Only

1.228 1.240 1.252 V VADJ Reference Voltage

1.215 1.265 V

VTC Reference Voltage Temperature

Coefficient

Note 11 20

ppm/°C

40 80 nA IADJ Adjust Pin Bias Current

120 nA

Notes:

1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device.

2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating.

3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended.

4. PD(max) = (TJ(max) – TA) ÷ θJA, where θJA depends upon the printed circuit layout. See “Applications Information.”

5. Specification for packaged product only.

6. Output voltage temperature coefficient is ∆VOUT(worst case) ÷ (TJ(max) – TJ(min)) where T J(max) is +125°C and TJ(min) is –40°C.

7. VDO = VIN – VOUT when VOUT decreases to 98% of its nominal output voltage with VIN = VOUT + 1V. For output voltages below 2.25V, dropout voltage is

the input-to-output voltage differential with the minimum input voltage being 2.25V. Minimum input operating voltage is 2.25V.

8. IGND is the quiescent current. IIN = IGND + IOUT.

9. VEN ≤ 0.8V, VIN ≤ 8V, and VOUT = 0V.

10. For a 2.5V device, VIN = 2.250V (device is in dropout).

11. Thermal regulation is deﬁned as the change in output voltage at a time t after a change in power dissipation is applied, excluding load or line

regulation effects. Speciﬁcations are for a 200mA load pulse at VIN = 8V for t = 10ms.

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Typical Characteristics

1E+1 1E+2 1E+3 1E+4 1E+5 1E+6

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Pow er Suppl

Rejec tion Ratio

ILOAD = 1.5A

COUT = 10µF

CIN = 0

VIN = 3.3V

VOUT = 2.5V

10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M

100

200

300

400

500

600

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TEMPERATURE (°C)

Dropout Voltage

vs. Temperature

ILOAD = 1.5A

VOUT = 2.5V

VOUT = 1.8V

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

4.1

6.1

8.1

2.2

4.2

6.2

8.2

2.3

4.3

6.3

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

Dropout C hara c te ris tic s

ILOAD = 100mA

ILOAD = 750mA

ILOAD = 1.5A

0 250 500 750 1000 12501500

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

Groun d Curre nt

vs. Output Current

VOUT = 2.5V

VOUT = 1.8V

024681012

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

Ground Curre nt

vs. Supply Voltage

ILOAD = 750mA

ILOAD = 1500mA

ILOAD = 1000mA

0.30

0.31

0.32

0.33

0.34

0.35

0.36

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TEMPERATURE (°C)

Ground Current

vs. Temperature

ILOAD = 10mA

VOUT = 2.5V

VOUT = 1.8V

-40-20 0 20406080100120

TEMPERATURE (°C)

Gr ound Curr ent

vs. Temperature

ILOAD = 1.5A

VOUT = 1.8V

VOUT = 2.5V

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TEMPERATURE (°C)

Short Circui t vs .

Temperature

typical 1.8V device

typical 2.5V device

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0.01 0.1 1 10 100 100010000

RESISTANCE (k )

Error Fla

Pull-Up Resistor

VIN = 5V

FLAG HIGH

(OK)

FLAG LOW

(FAULT)

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Functional Characteristics

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Functional Diagram

Ref.

18V

O.V .

ILIMIT

Thermal

Shut-

down

1.240V1.180V

EN*

FLAG*

GND

OUT

* MIC39151 only

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Application Information

The MIC39150/1/2 are high-performance, low-dropout

voltage regulators suitable for moderate to high-current

voltage regulator applications. Its 500mV dropout

voltage at full load and overtemperature makes it

especially valuable in battery-powered systems and as

high-efficiency noise filters in post-regulator applications.

Unlike older NPN-pass transistor designs, where the

minimum dropout voltage is limited by the base-to-

emitter voltage drop and collector-to-emitter saturation

voltage, dropout performance of the PNP output of these

devices is limited only by the low VCE saturation voltage.

A trade-off for the low dropout voltage is a varying base

drive requirement. Micrel’s Super βeta PNP® process

reduces this drive requirement to only 2% to 5% of the

load current. The MIC39150/1/2 regulators are fully

protected from damage due to fault conditions. Current

limiting is provided. This limiting is linear; output current

during overload conditions is constant. Thermal

shutdown disables the device when the die temperature

exceeds the maximum safe operating temperature.

Transient protection allows device (and load) survival

even when the input voltage spikes above and below

nominal. The output structure of these regulators allows

voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be

applied without reverse current flow.

Thermal Design

Linear regulators are simple to use. The most

complicated design parameters to consider are thermal

characteristics. Thermal design requires the following

application-specific parameters:

• Maximum ambient temperature (TA)

• Output Current (IOUT)

• Output Voltage (VOUT)

• Input Voltage (VIN)

• Ground Current (IGND)

First, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator

from these numbers and the device parameters from this

datasheet.

GNDINOUTOUTIND I VI )V(VP +−=

where the ground current is approximated by using

numbers from the “Electrical Characteristics” or “Typical

Characteristics.” Then the heat sink thermal resistance is

determined with this formula:

()

CSJC

AJ(max)

SA θθ

θ+−

−

Where TJ(max) ≤ 125°C and θCS is between 0° and 2°C/W.

The heat sink may be significantly reduced in

applications where the minimum input voltage is known

and is large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a

series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and

distribute the heat between this resistor and the

regulator. The low dropout properties of Micrel Super

βeta PNP® regulators allow significant reductions in

regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink

without compromising performance. When this technique

is employed, a capacitor of at least 1µF is needed

directly between the input and regulator ground.

Refer to Application Note 9 for further details and

examples on thermal design and heat sink specification.

With no heat sink in the application, calculate the

junction temperature to determine the maximum power

dissipation that will be allowed before exceeding the

maximum junction temperature of the MIC39152. The

maximum power allowed can be calculated using the

thermal resistance (θJA) of the TO-252 (D-Pak) adhering

to the following criteria for the PCB design: 2 oz. copper

and 100mm2 copper area for the MIC39152.

For example, given an expected maximum ambient

temperature (TA) of 75°C with VIN = 2.25V, VOUT = 1.75V,

and IOUT = 1.5A, first calculate the expected PD using

Equation (1);

PD = (2.25V – 1.75V)1.5A + (2.25V)(0.017A) = 0.788W

Next, calcualte the junction temperature for the expected

power dissipation.

TJ = (θJA × PD) + TA = (56°C/W × 0.788W) + 75°C

= 119.14°C

Now determine the maximum power dissipation allowed

that would not exceed the IC’s maximum junction

temperature (125°C) without the use of a heat sink by

PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) – TA)/θJA = (125°C – 75°C)/(56°C/W)

= 0.893W

MIC39150-x.

IN OUT

GND

CIN COUT

VIN VOUT

Figure 1. Capacitor Requirements

Output Capacitor

The MIC39150/1/2 requires an output capacitor to

maintain stability and improve transient response. See

Figure 1. Proper capacitor selection is important to

ensure proper operation. TheMIC39150/1/2 output

capacitor selection is dependent upon the ESR

(equivalent series resistance) of the output capacitor to

maintain stability. When the output capacitor is 10µF or

greater, the output capacitor should have an ESR less

than 2Ω. This will improve transient response as well as

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promote stability. Ultralow ESR capacitors (<100mΩ),

such as ceramic chip capacitors may promote instability.

These very low ESR levels may cause an oscillation

and/or underdamped transient response. A low-ESR

solid tantalum capacitor works extremely well and

provides good transient response and stability over

temperature. Aluminum electrolytics can also be used,

as long as the ESR of the capacitor is < 2Ω.

The value of the output capacitor can be increased

without limit. Higher capacitance values help to improve

transient response and ripple rejection and reduce

output noise.

Input Capacitor

An input capacitor of 1µF or greater is recommended

when the device is more than 4 inches away from the

bulk ac supply capacitance, or when the supply is a

battery. Small, surface-mount, ceramic chip capacitors

can be used for the bypassing. The capacitor should be

placed within 1" of the device for optimal performance.

Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by

bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving

the integrity of the output voltage.

Transient Response and 3.3V to 2.5Vor 2.5V to 1.8V

Conversion

The MIC39150/1/2 has excellent transient response to

variations in input voltage and load current. The device

has been designed to respond quickly to load current

variations and input voltage variations. Large output

capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. A

standard 10µF output capacitor, preferably tantalum, is

all that is required. Larger values help to improve

performance even further.

By virtue of its low-dropout voltage, this device does not

saturate into dropout as readily as similar NPN-based

designs. When converting from 3.3V to 2.5V, or 2.5V to

1.8V, the NPN-based regulators are already operating in

dropout, with typical dropout requirements of 1.2V or

greater. To convert down to 2.5V without operating in

dropout, NPN-based regulators require an input voltage

of 3.7V at the very least. The MIC39150/1 regulator will

provide excellent performance with an input as low as

3.0V or 2.5V, respectively. This gives the PNP-based

regulators a distinct advantage over older, NPN-based

linear regulators.

Minimum Load Current

The MIC39150 regulator is specified between finite

loads. If the output current is too small, leakage currents

dominate and the output voltage rises. A 10mA minimum

load current is necessary for proper regulation.

Error Flag

The MIC39151 version features an error flag circuit

which monitors the output voltage and signals an error

condition when the voltage 5% below the nominal output

voltage. The error flag is an open-collector output that

can sink 10mA during a fault condition.

Low output voltage can be caused by a number of

problems, including an overcurrent fault (device in

current limit) or low input voltage. The flag is inoperative

during overtemperature shutdown.

When the error flag is not used, it is best to leave it

open. A pull-up resistor from FLG to either VIN or VOUT is

required for proper operation.

Enable Input

The MIC39151/2 features an enable input for on/off

control of the device. The enable input’s shutdown state

draws “zero” current (only microamperes of leakage).

The enable input is TTL/CMOS compatible for simple

logic interface, but can be connected to up to 20V. When

enabled, it draws approximately 15µA.

Adjustable Regulator Design

Figure 2. Adjustable Regulator with Resistors

The MIC39152 allows programming the output voltage

anywhere between 1.24V and 15.5V. Two resistors are

used. The resistor values are calculated by:

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎝

⎛−×= 1

1.240

R2R1 OUT

Where VOUT is the desired output voltage. Figure 2

shows component deﬁnition. Applications with widely

varying load currents may scale the resistors to draw the

minimum load current required for proper operation (see

Minimum Load Current section).

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Package Information

3-Pin TO-220 (T)

5-Pin TO-220 (T)

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3-Pin TO-263 (U)

1θ

θ1

3θ

4θ

1θ

2θ

3θ4θ

2θ1θ

5-Pin TO-263 (U)

Micrel, Inc. MIC39150/39151/39152

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5-Pin TO-252 (D)

MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA

TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/www.micrel.com

The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its

use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer.

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can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant

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