Rev. 1.1, Sep. 2010 K4H641638Q 64Mb Q-die DDR SDRAM 66TSOP-(II) with Lead-Free & Halogen-Free (RoHS compliant) datasheet SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE PRODUCTS, INFORMATION AND SPECIFICATIONS WITHOUT NOTICE. Products and specifications discussed herein are for reference purposes only. All information discussed herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis, without warranties of any kind. This document and all information discussed herein remain the sole and exclusive property of Samsung Electronics. No license of any patent, copyright, mask work, trademark or any other intellectual property right is granted by one party to the other party under this document, by implication, estoppel or otherwise. Samsung products are not intended for use in life support, critical care, medical, safety equipment, or similar applications where product failure could result in loss of life or personal or physical harm, or any military or defense application, or any governmental procurement to which special terms or provisions may apply. For updates or additional information about Samsung products, contact your nearest Samsung office. All brand names, trademarks and registered trademarks belong to their respective owners. 2010 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. -1- Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM Revision History Revision No. History Draft Date Remark Editor 1.0 - First Spec. Release May. 2010 - S.H.Kim 1.1 - Added EMRS Table on page 21. Sep. 2010 - S.H.Kim -2- K4H641638Q datasheet Rev. 1.1 DDR SDRAM Table Of Contents 64Mb Q-die DDR SDRAM 1. Key Features................................................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Ordering Information ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 3. Operating Frequencies ................................................................................................................................................. 4 4. Pin / Ball Description..................................................................................................................................................... 5 5. Package Physical Dimension........................................................................................................................................ 6 6. Block Diagram (1Mb x16 I/O x4 Banks) ........................................................................................................................ 7 7. Input/Output Function Description ................................................................................................................................ 8 8. Command Truth Table .................................................................................................................................................. 9 9. General Description ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 10. Absolute Maximum Rating .......................................................................................................................................... 10 11. DC Operating Conditions ............................................................................................................................................ 10 12. DDR SDRAM Spec Items & Test Conditions .............................................................................................................. 11 13. Input/Output Capacitance ........................................................................................................................................... 11 14. Detailed test condition for DDR SDRAM IDD1 & IDD7A ............................................................................................ 12 15. DDR SDRAM IDD Spec Table .................................................................................................................................... 13 16. AC Operating Conditions ............................................................................................................................................ 14 17. AC Overshoot/Undershoot specification for Address and Control Pins ...................................................................... 14 18. Overshoot/Undershoot specification for Data, Strobe and Mask Pins ........................................................................ 15 19. AC Timing Parameters & Specifications ..................................................................................................................... 16 20. System Characteristics for DDR SDRAM ................................................................................................................... 17 21. Component Notes ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 22. System Notes.............................................................................................................................................................. 20 23. Output Drive Strength and Extended Mode Register Set for 64Mb DDR ................................................................... 21 24. IBIS : I/V Characteristics for Input and Output Buffers................................................................................................ 22 -3- Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 1. Key Features * VDD : 2.5V 0.2V, VDDQ : 2.5V 0.2V for 400 * Double-data-rate architecture; two data transfers per clock cycle * Bidirectional data strobe [DQS] (x4,x8) & [L(U)DQS] (x16) * Four banks operation * Differential clock inputs(CK and CK) * DLL aligns DQ and DQS transition with CK transition * MRS cycle with address key programs -. Read latency : DDR400(3 Clock) -. Burst length (2, 4, 8) -. Burst type (sequential & interleave) * All inputs except data & DM are sampled at the positive going edge of the system clock(CK) * Data I/O transactions on both edges of data strobe * Edge aligned data output, center aligned data input * LDM,UDM for write masking only (x16) * DM for write masking only (x4, x8) * Auto & Self refresh * 15.6us refresh interval(4K/64ms refresh) * Maximum burst refresh cycle : 8 * 66pin TSOP II Lead-Free and Halogen-Free package * RoHS compliant 2. Ordering Information Part No. K4H641638Q-LC/LCC Org. 4M x 16 Max Freq. CC(DDR400@CL=3) NOTE : 1. "L" Part number(12th digit) stands for RoHS compliant and Halogen-Free product. 3. Operating Frequencies CC(DDR400@CL=3) Speed @CL2 - Speed @CL2.5 166MHz Speed @CL3 200MHz CL-tRCD-tRP 3-3-3 -4- Interface Package NOTE SSTL2 66pin TSOP II Lead-Free & Halogen-Free 1 Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 4. Pin / Ball Description 66pin TSOP - II 4Mb x 16 VDD 1 66 VSS DQ0 2 65 DQ15 VDDQ 3 64 VSSQ DQ1 4 63 DQ14 DQ2 5 62 DQ13 VSSQ 6 61 VDDQ DQ3 7 60 DQ12 DQ4 8 59 DQ11 VDDQ 9 58 VSSQ 57 DQ10 56 DQ9 55 VDDQ 54 DQ8 53 NC 52 VSSQ 51 UDQS 50 NC 49 VREF 48 VSS DQ5 10 DQ6 11 VSSQ 12 DQ7 13 NC 14 VDDQ 15 LDQS 16 NC 17 66Pin TSOPII (400mil x 875mil) (0.65mm Pin Pitch) Bank Address BA0~BA1 Auto Precharge A10 VDD 18 NC 19 LDM 20 47 UDM WE 21 46 CK CAS 22 45 CK RAS 23 44 CKE CS 24 43 NC 25 42 NC BA0 26 41 A11 BA1 27 40 A9 AP/A10 28 39 A8 A0 29 38 A7 A1 30 37 A6 A2 31 36 A5 A3 32 35 A4 33 34 VSS NC VDD 64Mb TSOP-II Package Pinout Organization Row Address Column Address 4Mx16 A0~A11 A0-A7 DM is internally loaded to match DQ and DQS identically. Row & Column address configuration -5- Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM #33 (10.76) (0.50) NOTE 1. ( ) IS REFERENCE 2. [ ] IS ASS'Y OUT QUALITY Detail A 0. 25 ) 0.075 MAX (4) [ 0.45 ~ 0.75 1.20 MAX 1.00 0.10 Detail B (R Detail A 0. 25 ) 0.65TYP [0.65 0.08] (R (0.71) (10) 0.05 MIN 0. 15 ) 0.10 MAX (R (10) (10) (0.80) (1.50) 0.210 0.05 (10) 0.1 5) 0.125 - 0.035 [ 0.665 0.05 +0.075 22.22 0.10 (R Unit : mm 11.76 0.20 #1 (1.50) (0.80) #34 10.16 0.10 #66 (0.50) 5. Package Physical Dimension 0.25TYP Detail B (0 8) 0.25 0.08 0.30 0.08 66Pin TSOP(II) Package Dimension -6- Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 6. Block Diagram (1Mb x16 I/O x4 Banks) CK, CK LWE I/O Control x4/8/16 Data Input Register LUDM (x16) Serial to parallel Bank Select x8/16/32 0.5Mx32 16 16 DQi 0.5Mx32 Column Decoder Col. Buffer LCBR LRAS Latency & Burst Length Programming Register LRAS LCBR LWE LCAS LWCBR Timing Register CK, CK CKE CS RAS CAS WE -7- Strobe Gen. DLL LCKE Output Buffer 0.5Mx32 32 2-bit prefetch Sense AMP Row Decoder Refresh Counter Row Buffer ADD Address Register CK, CK 0.5Mx32 LUDM (x16) CK, CK DM Input Register LUDM (x16) Data Strobe datasheet K4H641638Q Rev. 1.1 DDR SDRAM 7. Input/Output Function Description SYMBOL TYPE DESCRIPTION CK, CK Input Clock : CK and CK are differential clock inputs. All address and control input signals are sampled on the positive edge of CK and negative edge of CK. Output (read) data is referenced to both edges of CK. Internal clock signals are derived from CK/CK. CKE Input Clock Enable : CKE HIGH activates, and CKE LOW deactivates internal clock signals, and device input buffers and output drivers. Taking CKE Low provides PRECHARGE POWER-DOWN and SELF REFRESH operation (all banks idle), or ACTIVE POWER-DOWN (row ACTIVE in any bank). CKE is synchronous for POWER-DOWN entry and exit, and for SELF REFRESH entry. CKE is asynchronous for SELF REFRESH exit, and for output disable. CKE must be maintained high throughput READ and WRITE accesses. Input buffers, excluding CK, CK and CKE are disabled during POWER-DOWN. Input buffers, excluding CKE are disabled during SELF REFRESH. CKE is an SSTL_2 input, but will detect an LVCMOS Low level after VDD is applied upon 1st power up, After VREF has become stable during the power on and initialization sequence, it must be maintained for proper operation of the CKE receiver. For proper SELF-REFRESH entry and exit, VREF must be maintained to this input. CS Input Chip Select : CS enables(registered LOW) and disables(registered HIGH) the command decoder. All commands are masked when CS is registered HIGH. CS provides for external bank selection on systems with multiple banks. CS is considered part of the command code. RAS, CAS, WE Input Command Inputs : RAS, CAS and WE (along with CS) define the command being entered. LDM,(UDM) Input Input Data Mask : DM is an input mask signal for write data. Input data is masked when DM is sampled HIGH along with that input data during a WRITE access. DM is sampled on both edges of DQS. Although DM pins are input only, the DM loading matches the DQ and DQS loading. For the x16, LDM corresponds to the data on DQ0~D7 ; UDM corresponds to the data on DQ8~DQ15. DM may be driven high, low, or floating during READs. BA0, BA1 Input Bank Addres Inputs : BA0 and BA1 define to which bank an ACTIVE, READ, WRITE or PRECHARGE command is being applied. A [0 : 11] Input Address Inputs : Provide the row address for ACTIVE commands, and the column address and AUTO PRECHARGE bit for READ/WRITE commands, to select one location out of the memory array in the respective bank. A10 is sampled during a PRECHARGE command to determine whether the PRECHARGE applies to one bank (A10 LOW) or all banks (A10 HIGH). If only one bank is to be precharged, the bank is selected by BA0, BA1. The address inputs also provide the op-code during a MODE REGISTER SET command. BA0 and BA1 define which mode register is loaded during the MODE REGISTER SET command (MRS or EMRS). DQ I/O Data Input/Output : Data bus LDQS,(U)DQS I/O Data Strobe : Output with read data, input with write data. Edge-aligned with read data, centered in write data. Used to capture write data. For the x16, LDQS corresponds to the data on DQ0~D7 ; UDQS corresponds to the data on DQ8~DQ15. LDQS is NC on x4 and x8. NC - VDDQ Supply DQ Power Supply : +2.5V 0.2V. VSSQ Supply DQ Ground. VDD Supply Power Supply : +2.5V 0.2V. VSS Supply Ground. VREF Input No Connect : No internal electrical connection is present. SSTL_2 reference voltage. -8- Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q 8. Command Truth Table COMMAND DDR SDRAM (V=Valid, X=Dont Care, H=Logic High, L=Logic Low) CKEn-1 CKEn CS RAS CAS WE BA0,1 A10/AP A0 ~ A9, A11 ~ A12 NOTE Register Extended MRS H X L L L L OP CODE 1, 2 Register Mode Register Set H X L L L L OP CODE 1, 2 L L L H X Auto Refresh Refresh Entry Self Refresh Exit Bank Active & Row Addr. Read & Column Address Auto Precharge Disable Write & Column Address Auto Precharge Disable Auto Precharge Enable L L H H X H X L H H H H X X X L L H H L H L H X L H L L H X L H H L H X L L H L Entry H L H X X X L V V V Exit L H Auto Precharge Enable Bank Selection All Banks Active Power Down H H Burst Stop Precharge H Entry H L Precharge Power Down Mode Exit L DM(UDM/LDM for x16 only) H No operation (NOP) : Not defined H H X X X X H X X X L H H H H X X X L V V V V V V X X X L H H H Column Address H L Column Address H X V L X H NOTE : 1. OP Code : Operand Code. A0 ~ A12& BA0 ~ BA1 : Program keys. (@EMRS/MRS) 2. EMRS/MRS can be issued only at all banks precharge state. A new command can be issued 2 clock cycles after EMRS or MRS. 3. Auto refresh functions are same as the CBR refresh of DRAM. The automatical precharge without row precharge command is meant by "Auto". Auto/self refresh can be issued only at all banks precharge state. 4. BA0 ~ BA1 : Bank select addresses. If both BA0 and BA1 are "Low" at read, write, row active and precharge, bank A is selected. If BA0 is "High" and BA1 is "Low" at read, write, row active and precharge, bank B is selected. If BA0 is "Low" and BA1 is "High" at read, write, row active and precharge, bank C is selected. If both BA0 and BA1 are "High" at read, write, row active and precharge, bank D is selected. 5. If A10/AP is "High" at row precharge, BA0 and BA1 are ignored and all banks are selected. 6. During burst write with auto precharge, new read/write command can not be issued. Another bank read/write command can be issued after the end of burst. New row active of the associated bank can be issued at tRP after the end of burst. 7. Burst stop command is valid at every burst length. 8. DM(x4/8) sampled at the rising and falling edges of the DQS and Data-in are masked at the both edges (Write DM latency is 0). UDM/LDM(x16 only) sampled at the rising and falling edges of the UDQS/LDQS and Data-in are masked at the both edges (Write UDM/LDM latency is 0). 9. This combination is not defined for any function, which means "No Operation(NOP)" in DDR SDRAM. -9- 3 Row Address L 4 4 4 4, 6 7 X 5 X X X H 3 X X X 3 3 X 8 9 9 Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 1M x 16Bit x 4 Banks Double Data Rate SDRAM 9. General Description The K4H641638Q is 67,108,864 bits of double data rate synchronous DRAM organized as 4x 1,048,576 words by 16bits, fabricated with SAMSUNGs high performance CMOS technology. Synchronous features with Data Strobe allow extremely high performance up to 400Mb/s per pin. I/O transactions are possible on both edges of DQS. Range of operating frequencies, programmable burst length and programmable latencies allow the device to be useful for a variety of high performance memory system applications. 10. Absolute Maximum Rating Parameter Symbol Value Unit Voltage on any pin relative to VSS VIN, VOUT -0.5 ~ 3.6 V Voltage on VDD & VDDQ supply relative to VSS VDD, VDDQ 1.0 ~ 3.6 V Storage temperature TSTG -55 ~ +150 C Power dissipation PD 1 W Short circuit current IOS 50 mA NOTE : Permanent device damage may occur if ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS are exceeded. Functional operation should be restricted to recommend operation condition. Exposure to higher than recommended voltage for extended periods of time could affect device reliability. 11. DC Operating Conditions Recommended operating conditions(Voltage referenced to VSS=0V, TA=0 to 70C) Parameter Supply voltage Symbol Min Max Unit VDD 2.3 2.7 V NOTE I/O Supply voltage VDDQ 2.3 2.7 V I/O Reference voltage VREF 0.49*VDDQ 0.51*VDDQ V 1 VTT VREF-0.04 VREF+0.04 V 2 Input logic high voltage VIH(DC) VREF+0.15 VDDQ+0.3 V Input logic low voltage VIL(DC) -0.3 VREF-0.15 V Input Voltage Level, CK and CK inputs VIN(DC) -0.3 VDDQ+0.3 V Input Differential Voltage, CK and CK inputs VID(DC) 0.36 VDDQ+0.6 V 3 V-I Matching: Pull-up to Pull-down Current Ratio VI(Ratio) 0.71 1.4 - 4 II -2 2 uA Output leakage current IOZ -5 5 uA Output High Current(Full strengh driver) ; VOUT=VDDQ-0.388V IOH -13.8 -16.1 mA Output Low Current(Full strengh driver) ; VOUT=0.388V IOL 16.5 19.2 mA Output High Current(Week strengh driver) ; VOUT=VDDQ-0.538V IOH -18.2 -21.8 mA Output Low Current(Week strengh driver) ; VOUT=0.538V IOL 20.2 24.5 mA Output High Current(Mached strengh driver) ; VOUT=VDDQ-0.6505V IOH -15.5 -18.9 mA Output Low Current(Mached strengh driver) ; VOUT=0.6505V IOL 17 21.3 mA I/O Termination voltage(system) Input leakage current NOTE : 1. VREF is expected to be equal to 0.5*VDDQ of the transmitting device, and to track variations in the dc level of same. Peak-to peak noise on VREF may not exceed +/-2% of the dc value. 2. VTT is not applied directly to the device. VTT is a system supply for signal termination resistors, is expected to be set equal to VREF, and must track variations in the DC level of VREF, 3. VID is the magnitude of the difference between the input level on CK and the input level on CK. 4. The ratio of the Pull-up current to the Pull-down current is specified for the same temperature and voltage, over the entire temperature and voltage range, for device drain to source voltages from 0.25V to 1.0V. For a given output, it represents the maximum difference between Pull-up and Pull-down drivers due to process variation. The full variation in the ratio of the maximum to minimum Pull-up and Pull-down current will not exceed 1.7 for device drain to source voltages from 0.1 to 1.0. - 10 - Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 12. DDR SDRAM Spec Items & Test Conditions Conditions Symbol Operating current - One bank Active-Precharge; tRC=tRCmin; tCK=5ns for DDR400; DQ,DM and DQS inputs changing once per clock cycle; address and control inputs changing once every two clock cycles. IDD0 Operating current - One bank operation ; One bank open, BL=4, Reads - Refer to the following page for detailed test condition IDD1 Precharge power-down standby current; All banks idle; power - down mode; CKE = <VIL(max); tCK=5ns for DDR400; VIN = VREF for DQ,DQS and DM. IDD2P Precharge Floating standby current; CS > =VIH(min);All banks idle; CKE > = VIH(min); tCK=5ns for DDR400; Address and other control inputs changing once per clock cycle; VIN = VREF for DQ,DQS and DM IDD2F Precharge Quiet standby current; CS > = VIH(min); All banks idle; CKE > = VIH(min); tCK=5ns for DDR400 ; Address and other control inputs stable at >= VIH(min) or =<VIL(max); VIN = VREF for DQ ,DQS and DM IDD2Q Active power - down standby current ; one bank active; power-down mode; CKE=< VIL (max); tCK=5ns for DDR400; VIN = VREF for DQ,DQS and DM IDD3P Active standby current; CS >= VIH(min); CKE>=VIH(min); one bank active; tRC=tRASmax; tCK=5ns for DDR400; DQ, DQS and DM inputs changing twice per clock cycle; address and other control inputs changing once per clock cycle IDD3N Operating current - burst read; Burst length = 2; reads; continuous burst; One bank active; address and control inputs changing once per clock cycle; CL=2 at tCK=5ns for DDR400; 50% of data changing on every transfer; lout = 0 m A IDD4R Operating current - burst write; Burst length = 2; writes; continuous burst; One bank active address and control inputs changing once per clock cycle; tCK=5ns for DDR400; DQ, DM and DQS inputs changing twice per clock cycle, 50% of input data changing at every burst IDD4W Auto refresh current; tRC = tRFC(min) which is 14*tCK for DDR400 at tCK=5ns; distributed refresh IDD5 Self refresh current; CKE =< 0.2V; External clock on; tCK=5ns for DDR400. IDD6 Operating current - Four bank operation ; Four bank interleaving with BL=4 -Refer to the following page for detailed test condition IDD7A 13. Input/Output Capacitance Parameter (TA= 25C, f=100MHz) Symbol Min Max DeltaCap(max) Unit NOTE Input capacitance (A0 ~ A12, BA0 ~ BA1, CKE, CS, RAS,CAS, WE) CIN1 1 4 0.5 pF 4 Input capacitance( CK, CK ) CIN2 1 5 0.25 pF 4 Data & DQS input/output capacitance COUT 1 6.5 pF 1,2,3,4 Input capacitance(DM for x4/8, UDM/LDM for x16) CIN3 1 6.5 pF 1,2,3,4 0.5 NOTE : 1.These values are guaranteed by design and are tested on a sample basis only. 2. Although DM is an input -only pin, the input capacitance of this pin must model the input capacitance of the DQ and DQS pins. This is required to match signal propagation times of DQ, DQS, and DM in the system. 3. Unused pins are tied to ground. 4. This parameter is sampled. VDDQ = +2.5V +0.2V, VDD = +2.5V+0.2V. For all devices, f=100MHz, tA=25C, VOUT(DC) = VDDQ/2, VOUT(peak to peak) = 0.2V. DM inputs are grouped with I/O pins - reflecting the fact that they are matched in loading (to facilitate trace matching at the board level). - 11 - K4H641638Q datasheet 14. Detailed test condition for DDR SDRAM IDD1 & IDD7A IDD1 : Operating current: One bank operation 1. Typical Case: VDD = 2.5V, T= 25C Worst Case : VDD = 2.7V, T= 10C 2. Only one bank is accessed with tRC(min), Burst Mode, Address and Control inputs on NOP edge are changing once per clock cycle. lout = 0mA 3. Timing patterns - CC(200Mhz,CL = 3) : tCK = 5ns, CL = 3, BL = 4, tRCD = 3*tCK , tRC = 11*tCK, tRAS = 8*tCK Read : A0 N N R0 N N N N P0 N N - repeat the same timing with random address changing *50% of data changing at every transfer Legend : A=Activate, R=Read, W=Write, P=Precharge, N=DESELECT IDD7A : Operating current: Four bank operation 1. Typical Case: VDD = 2.5V, T=25C Worst Case : VDD = 2.7V, T= 10C 2. Four banks are being interleaved with tRC(min), Burst Mode, Address and Control inputs on NOP edge are not changing. lout = 0mA 3. Timing patterns - CC(200Mhz,CL = 3) : tCK = 5ns, CL = 3, BL = 4, tRCD = 3*tCK , tRC = 11*tCK, tRAS = 8*tCK Read : A0 N A1 R0 A2 R1 A3 R2 N R3 A0 N A1 R0 - repeat the same timing with random address changing *50% of data changing at every transfer Legend : A=Activate, R=Read, W=Write, P=Precharge, N=DESELECT - 12 - Rev. 1.1 DDR SDRAM datasheet K4H641638Q 15. DDR SDRAM IDD Spec Table 4Mx16 (K4H641638Q) Symbol CC(DDR400@CL=3) IDD0 50 IDD1 60 IDD2P 3 IDD2F 25 IDD2Q 20 IDD3P 5 IDD3N 30 IDD4R 90 IDD4W 70 IDD5 80 IDD6 Normal IDD7A 2 90 - 13 - Rev. 1.1 DDR SDRAM Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 16. AC Operating Conditions Parameter/Condition Input High (Logic 1) Voltage, DQ, DQS and DM signals Symbol Min Max VIH(AC) VREF + 0.31 Unit NOTE V Input Low (Logic 0) Voltage, DQ, DQS and DM signals. VIL(AC) VREF - 0.31 V Input Differential Voltage, CK and CK inputs VID(AC) 0.7 VDDQ+0.6 V 1 Input Crossing Point Voltage, CK and CK inputs VIX(AC) 0.5*VDDQ-0.2 0.5*VDDQ+0.2 V 2 VREF(AC) 0.45 x VDDQ 0.55 x VDDQ V 3 I/O Reference Voltage NOTE : 1. VID is the magnitude of the difference between the input level on CK and the input level on CK. 2. The value of VIX is expected to equal 0.5*VDDQ of the transmitting device and must track variations in the dc level of the same. 3. VREF is expected to equal VDDQ/2 of the transmitting device and to track variations in the DC level of the same. Peak-to-peak noise (non-common mode) on VREF may not exceed 2 percent of the DC value. Thus, from VDDQ/2, VREF is allowed 25mV for DC error and an additional 25mV for AC noise. This measurement is to be taken at the nearest VREF by-pass capacitor. 17. AC Overshoot/Undershoot specification for Address and Control Pins Specification Parameter DDR400 DDR333 Maximum peak amplitude allowed for overshoot 1.5 V 1.5 V Maximum peak amplitude allowed for undershoot 1.5 V 1.5 V The area between the overshoot signal and VDD must be less than or equal to 4.5 V-ns 4.5 V-ns The area between the undershoot signal and GND must be less than or equal to 4.5 V-ns 4.5 V-ns VDD Overshoot 5 Maximum Amplitude = 1.5V 4 3 Volts (V) 2 Area 1 0 -1 -2 -3 Maximum Amplitude = 1.5V GND -4 -5 0 0.6875 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.3125 7.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.5 Tims(ns) undershoot AC overshoot/Undershoot Definition - 14 - Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 18. Overshoot/Undershoot specification for Data, Strobe and Mask Pins Specification Parameter DDR400 Maximum peak amplitude allowed for overshoot 1.2 V Maximum peak amplitude allowed for undershoot 1.2 V The area between the overshoot signal and VDD must be less than or equal to 2.4 V-ns The area between the undershoot signal and GND must be less than or equal to 2.4 V-ns VDDQ Overshoot 5 Maximum Amplitude = 1.2V 4 3 Volts (V) 2 1 Area 0 -1 -2 -3 Maximum Amplitude = 1.2V GND -4 -5 0 0.5 1.0 1.42 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.68 6.0 6.5 7.0 Tims(ns) undershoot DQ/DM/DQS AC overshoot/Undershoot Definition - 15 - Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 19. AC Timing Parameters & Specifications Parameter CC (DDR400@CL=3.0) Symbol Min Row cycle time Refresh row cycle time tRC 55 ns tRFC 70 ns Row active time tRAS 40 RAS to CAS delay tRCD 15 Row precharge time Row active to Row active delay Write recovery time Unit NOTE Max 70K ns ns tRP 15 ns tRRD 10 ns tWR 15 ns tWTR 2 tCK - - ns tCK 6 12 ns 5 10 Clock high level width tCH 0.45 0.55 tCK Clock low level width tCL 0.45 0.55 tCK tDQSCK -0.55 +0.55 ns tAC -0.65 +0.65 ns - 0.4 ns 22 - 0.4 ns 22 0.9 1.1 tCK Last data in to Read command CL=2.0 Clock cycle time CL=2.5 CL=3.0 DQS-out access time from CK/CK Output data access time from CK/CK Data strobe edge to output data edge TSOP FBGA Read Preamble tDQSQ tRPRE Read Postamble tRPST 0.4 0.6 tCK CK to valid DQS-in tDQSS 0.72 1.28 tCK DQS-in setup time tWPRES 0 ns DQS-in hold time tWPRE 0.25 tCK DQS falling edge to CK rising-setup time tDSS 0.2 tCK DQS falling edge from CK rising-hold time tDSH 0.2 tCK DQS-in high level width tDQSH 0.35 tCK DQS-in low level width tCK 13 tDQSL 0.35 Address and Control Input setup time(fast) tIS 0.6 ns 15, 17~19 Address and Control Input hold time(fast) tIH 0.6 ns 15, 17~19 Address and Control Input setup time(slow) tIS 0.7 ns 16~19 Address and Control Input hold time(slow) tIH 0.7 ns 16~19 Data-out high impedance time from CK/CK tHZ -0.65 +0.65 ns 11 Data-out low impedance time from CK/CK tLZ -0.65 +0.65 ns 11 Mode register set cycle time tMRD 10 ns DQ & DM setup time to DQS tDS 0.4 ns j, k j, k DQ & DM hold time to DQS tDH 0.4 ns Control & Address input pulse width tIPW 2.2 ns 18 DQ & DM input pulse width tDIPW 1.75 ns 18 Exit self refresh to non-Read command tXSNR 75 ns Exit self refresh to read command tXSRD 200 Refresh interval time tREFI Output DQS valid window tQH tHP -tQHS Clock half period tHP tCLmin or tCHmin Data hold skew factor DQS write postamble time tCK 15.6 us 14 - ns 21 - ns 20, 21 TSOP tQHS 0.5 ns 21 FBGA tQHS 0.5 ns 21 0.6 tCK 12 23 tWPST 0.4 Active to Read with Auto precharge command tRAP 15 Autoprecharge write recovery + Precharge time tDAL (tWR/tCK) + (tRP/tCK) tCK tPDEX 1 tCK Power Down Exit - 16 - Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 20. System Characteristics for DDR SDRAM The following specification parameters are required in systems using DDR400 and DDR333 devices to ensure proper system performance. these characteristics are for system simulation purposes and are guaranteed by design. [ Table 1 ] Input Slew Rate for DQ, DQS, and DM AC CHARACTERISTICS DDR400 DDR333 PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN MAX MIN MAX DQ/DM/DQS input slew rate measured between VIH(DC), VIL(DC) and VIL(DC), VIH(DC) DCSLEW 0.5 4.0 0.5 4.0 Units NOTE V/ns a, l [ Table 2 ] Input Setup & Hold Time Derating for Slew Rate Input Slew Rate tIS tIH Units NOTE 0.5 V/ns 0 0 ps i 0.4 V/ns +50 0 ps i 0.3 V/ns +100 0 ps i [ Table 3 ] Input/Output Setup & Hold Time Derating for Slew Rate Input Slew Rate tDS tDH Units NOTE 0.5 V/ns 0 0 ps k 0.4 V/ns +75 +75 ps k 0.3 V/ns +150 +150 ps k [ Table 4 ] Input/Output Setup & Hold Derating for Rise/Fall Delta Slew Rate Delta Slew Rate tDS tDH Units NOTE +/- 0.0 V/ns 0 0 ps j +/- 0.25 V/ns +50 +50 ps j +/- 0.5 V/ns +100 +100 ps j [ Table 5 ] Output Slew Rate Characteristice (x4, x8 Devices only) Slew Rate Characteristic Typical Range (V/ns) Minimum (V/ns) Maximum (V/ns) NOTE Pull-up Slew Rate 1.2 ~ 2.5 1.0 4.5 a,c,d,f,g,h Pull-down slew 1.2 ~ 2.5 1.0 4.5 b,c,d,f,g,h [ Table 6 ] Output Slew Rate Characteristice (x16 Devices only) Slew Rate Characteristic Typical Range (V/ns) Minimum (V/ns) Maximum (V/ns) NOTE Pull-up Slew Rate 1.2 ~ 2.5 0.7 5.0 a,c,d,f,g,h Pull-down slew 1.2 ~ 2.5 0.7 5.0 b,c,d,f,g,h [ Table 7 ] Output Slew Rate Matching Ratio Characteristics AC CHARACTERISTICS DDR400 DDR333 PARAMETER MIN MAX MIN MAX Output Slew Rate Matching Ratio (Pull-up to Pull-down) 0.67 1.5 0.67 1.5 - 17 - NOTE e, l K4H641638Q datasheet Rev. 1.1 DDR SDRAM 21. Component Notes 1. All voltages referenced to VSS. 2. Tests for ac timing, IDD, and electrical, ac and dc characteristics, may be conducted at nominal reference/supply voltage levels, but the related specifications and device operation are guaranteed for the full voltage range specified. 3. Figure 1 represents the timing reference load used in defining the relevant timing parameters of the part. It is not intended to be either a precise representation of the typical system environment nor a depiction of the actual load presented by a production tester. System designers will use IBIS or other simulation tools to correlate the timing reference load to a system environment. Manufacturers will correlate to their production test conditions (generally a coaxial transmission line terminated at the tester electronics). VTT 50 Output (Vout) 30pF Figure 1. Timing Reference Load 4. AC timing and IDD tests may use a VIL to VIH swing of up to 1.5 V in the test environment, but input timing is still referenced to VREF (or to the crossing point for CK/CK), and parameter specifications are guaranteed for the specified ac input levels under normal use conditions. The minimum slew rate for the input signals is 1 V/ns in the range between VIL(AC) and VIH(AC). 5. The ac and dc input level specifications are as defined in the SSTL_2 Standard (i.e., the receiver will effectively switch as a result of the signal crossing the ac input level and will remain in that state as long as the signal does not ring back above (below) the dc input LOW (HIGH) level. 6. Inputs are not recognized as valid until VREF stabilizes. Exception: during the period before VREF stabilizes, CKE 0.2VDDQ is recognized as LOW. 7. Enables on.chip refresh and address counters. 8. IDD specifications are tested after the device is properly initialized. 9. The CK/CK input reference level (for timing referenced to CK/CK) is the point at which CK and CK cross; the input reference level for signals other than CK/CK, is VREF. 10. The output timing reference voltage level is VTT. 11. tHZ and tLZ transitions occur in the same access time windows as valid data transitions. These parameters are not referenced to a specific voltage level but specify when the device output is no longer driving (HZ), or begins driving (LZ). 12. The maximum limit for this parameter is not a device limit. The device will operate with a greater value for this parameter, but sys tem performance (bus turnaround) will degrade accordingly. 13. The specific requirement is that DQS be valid (HIGH, LOW, or at some point on a valid transition) on or before this CK edge. A valid transition is defined as monotonic and meeting the input slew rate specifications of the device. when no writes were previ ously in progress on the bus, DQS will be transitioning from High- Z to logic LOW. If a previous write was in progress, DQS could be HIGH, LOW, or transitioning from HIGH to LOW at this time, depending on tDQSS. 14. A maximum of eight AUTO REFRESH commands can be posted to any given DDR SDRAM device. 15. For command/address input slew rate 1.0 V/ns 16. For command/address input slew rate 0.5 V/ns and < 1.0 V/ns 17. For CK & CK slew rate 1.0 V/ns 18. These parameters guarantee device timing, but they are not necessarily tested on each device. They may be guaranteed by device design or tester correlation. 19. Slew Rate is measured between VOH(AC) and VOL(AC). - 18 - K4H641638Q datasheet Rev. 1.1 DDR SDRAM 20. Min (tCL, tCH) refers to the smaller of the actual clock low time and the actual clock high time as provided to the device (i.e. this value can be greater than the minimum specification limits for tCL and tCH).....For example, tCL and tCH are = 50% of the period, less the half period jitter (tJIT(HP)) of the clock source, and less the half period jitter due to crosstalk (tJIT(crosstalk)) into the clock traces. 21. tQH = tHP - tQHS, where: tHP = minimum half clock period for any given cycle and is defined by clock high or clock low (tCH, tCL). tQHS accounts for 1) The pulse duration distortion of on-chip clock circuits; and 2) The worst case push-out of DQS on one tansition followed by the worst case pull-in of DQ on the next transition, both of which are, separately, due to data pin skew and output pattern effects, and pchannel to n-channel variation of the output drivers. 22. tDQSQ Consists of data pin skew and output pattern effects, and p-channel to n-channel variation of the output drivers for any given cycle. 23. tDAL = (tWR/tCK) + (tRP/tCK) For each of the terms above, if not already an integer, round to the next highest integer. Example: For DDR400 at CL=3 and tCK=5ns tDAL = (15 ns / 5 ns) + (15 ns/ 5ns) = (3) + (3) tDAL = 6 clocks - 19 - K4H641638Q datasheet Rev. 1.1 DDR SDRAM 22. System Notes a. Pull-up slew rate is characteristized under the test conditions as shown in Figure 2 Test point Output 50 VSSQ Figure 2. Pull-up slew rate test load b. Pull-down slew rate is measured under the test conditions shown in Figure 3 VDDQ 50 Output Test point Figure 3. Pull-down slew rate test load c. Pull-up slew rate is measured between (VDDQ/2 - 320 mV +/- 250 mV) Pull-down slew rate is measured between (VDDQ/2 + 320 mV +/- 250 mV) Pull-up and Pull-down slew rate conditions are to be met for any pattern of data, including all outputs switching and only one output switching. Example : For typical slew rate, DQ0 is switching For minmum slew rate, all DQ bits are switching from either high to low, or low to high. The remaining DQ bits remain the same as for previous state. d. Evaluation conditions Typical : 25 C (T Ambient), VDDQ = 2.5V, typical process Minimum : 70 C (T Ambient), VDDQ = 2.3V, slow - slow process Maximum : 0 C (T Ambient), VDDQ = 2.7V, fast - fast process e. The ratio of Pull-up slew rate to Pull-down slew rate is specified for the same temperature and voltage, over the entire temperature and voltage range. For a given output, it represents the maximum difference between Pull-up and Pull-down drivers due to process variation. f. Verified under typical conditions for qualification purposes. g. TSOPII package divices only. h. Only intended for operation up to 400 Mbps per pin. i. A derating factor will be used to increase tIS and tIH in the case where the input slew rate is below 0.5V/ns as shown in Table 2. The Input slew rate is based on the lesser of the slew rates detemined by either VIH(AC) to VIL(AC) or VIH(DC) to VIL(DC), similarly for rising transitions. j. A derating factor will be used to increase tDS and tDH in the case where DQ, DM, and DQS slew rates differ, as shown in Tables 3 & 4. Input slew rate is based on the larger of AC-AC delta rise, fall rate and DC-DC delta rise, Input slew rate is based on the lesser of the slew rates determined by either VIH(AC) to VIL(AC) or VIH(DC) to VIL(DC), similarly for rising transitions. The delta rise/fall rate is calculated as: {1/(Slew Rate1)} - {1/(Slew Rate2)} For example : If Slew Rate 1 is 0.5 V/ns and slew Rate 2 is 0.4 V/ns, then the delta rise, fall rate is - 0.5ns/V . Using the table given, this would result in the need for an increase in tDS and tDH of 100 ps. k. Table 3 is used to increase tDS and tDH in the case where the I/O slew rate is below 0.5 V/ns. The I/O slew rate is based on the lesser on the lesser of the AC - AC slew rate and the DC- DC slew rate. The inut slew rate is based on the lesser of the slew rates deter mined by either VIH(AC) to VIL(AC) or VIH(DC) to VIL(DC), and similarly for rising transitions. l. DQS, DM, and DQ input slew rate is specified to prevent double clocking of data and preserve setup and hold times. Signal transi tions through the DC region must be monotonic. - 20 - Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 23. Output Drive Strength and Extended Mode Register Set for 64Mb DDR The 100%, 60%, and 30% or matched impedance drive strength options are required and are defined in External Mode Register (EMRS). The Extended Mode Register Set stores the data for enabling or disabling DLL and selecting output driver strength. The default value of the extended mode register is not defined, therefore must be written after power up0 for proper operation. The extended mode register is written by asserting low on CS, RAS, CAS, and WE. The state of A0, A2 ~ A5, A7 ~ A11and BA1 is written in the mode register in the same cycle as CS, RAS, CAS, and WE going low. The DDR SDRAM should be in all bank precharge with CKE already high prior to writing into the extended mode register. A1 and A6 are used for setting driver strength to 100%, 60%, or 30%. Two clock cycles are required to complete the write operation in the extended mode register. The mode register contents can be changed using the same command and clock cycle requirements during operation as long as all banks are in the idle state. A0 is used for DLL enable or disable. "High" on BA0 is used for EMRS. Refer to the table for specific codes. BA1 BA0 0 1 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 BA1 Mode A6 A1 Drive Strength Strength 0 MRS 0 0 Full 100% 1 EMRS 0 1 weak 60% 1 0 RFU RFU Do not use 1 1 Matched impedance 30% Output driver matches impedance RFU must be set to "0" A5 DS1 - 21 - A4 A3 RFU must be set to "0" Comment A2 A1 A0 DS0 DLL A0 DLL 0 Enable 1 Disable Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 24. IBIS : I/V Characteristics for Input and Output Buffers DDR SDRAM Output Driver V-I Characteristics DDR SDRAM Output driver characteristics are defined for full and half strength operation as selected by the EMRS bit A1. Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the driver characteristics graphically, and tables 8, 9 and 10 show the same data in tabular format suitable for input into simulation tools. The driver characteristcs evaluation conditions are: Typical Minimum Maximum 25xC 70xC 0xC VDD/VDDQ = 2.5V, typical process VDD/VDDQ = 2.3V, slow-slow process VDD/VDDQ = 2.7V, fast-fast process Output Driver Characteristic Curves Notes: 1. The full variation in driver current from minimum to maximum process, temperature and voltage will lie within the outer bounding lines the of the V-I curve of Figures 4, 5 and 6. 2. It is recommended that the "typical" IBIS V-I curve lie within the inner bounding lines of the V-I curves of Figures 4, 5 and 6. 3. The full variation in the ratio of the "typical" IBIS Pull-up to "typical" IBIS Pull-down current should be unity +/- 10%, for device drain to source voltages from 0.1 to1.0. This specification is a design objective only. It is not guaranteed. 160 Maximum 140 Iout(mA) 120 Typical High 100 80 Typical Low 60 Minimum 40 20 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Pull-down Characteristics for Full Strength Output Driver 0.0 1.0 2.5 Vout(V) 2.0 0 Iout(mA) -20 Minumum -40 -60 Typical Low -80 -100 -120 -140 -160 -180 Typical High -200 Maximum -220 Pull-up Characteristics for Full Strength Output Driver Vout(V) Figure 4. I/V characteristics for input/output buffers : Pull-down(above) and Pull-up(below) - 22 - Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM [ Table 8 ] Full Strength Driver Characteristics Pull-down Current (mA) Pull-up Current (mA) Voltage (V) Typical Low Typical High Minimum Maximum Typical Low Typical High Minimum Maximum 0.1 6.0 6.8 4.6 9.6 -6.1 -7.6 -4.6 -10.0 0.2 12.2 13.5 9.2 18.2 -12.2 -14.5 -9.2 -20.0 0.3 18.1 20.1 13.8 26.0 -18.1 -21.2 -13.8 -29.8 0.4 24.1 26.6 18.4 33.9 -24.0 -27.7 -18.4 -38.8 0.5 29.8 33.0 23.0 41.8 -29.8 -34.1 -23.0 -46.8 0.6 34.6 39.1 27.7 49.4 -34.3 -40.5 -27.7 -54.4 0.7 39.4 44.2 32.2 56.8 -38.1 -46.9 -32.2 -61.8 0.8 43.7 49.8 36.8 63.2 -41.1 -53.1 -36.0 -69.5 0.9 47.5 55.2 39.6 69.9 -41.8 -59.4 -38.2 -77.3 1.0 51.3 60.3 42.6 76.3 -46.0 -65.5 -38.7 -85.2 1.1 54.1 65.2 44.8 82.5 -47.8 -71.6 -39.0 -93.0 1.2 56.2 69.9 46.2 88.3 -49.2 -77.6 -39.2 -100.6 1.3 57.9 74.2 47.1 93.8 -50.0 -83.6 -39.4 -108.1 1.4 59.3 78.4 47.4 99.1 -50.5 -89.7 -39.6 -115.5 1.5 60.1 82.3 47.7 103.8 -50.7 -95.5 -39.9 -123.0 1.6 60.5 85.9 48.0 108.4 -51.0 -101.3 -40.1 -130.4 1.7 61.0 89.1 48.4 112.1 -51.1 -107.1 -40.2 -136.7 1.8 61.5 92.2 48.9 115.9 -51.3 -112.4 -40.3 -144.2 1.9 62.0 95.3 49.1 119.6 -51.5 -118.7 -40.4 -150.5 2.0 62.5 97.2 49.4 123.3 -51.6 -124.0 -40.5 -156.9 2.1 62.9 99.1 49.6 126.5 -51.8 -129.3 -40.6 -163.2 2.2 63.3 100.9 49.8 129.5 -52.0 -134.6 -40.7 -169.6 2.3 63.8 101.9 49.9 132.4 -52.2 -139.9 -40.8 -176.0 2.4 64.1 102.8 50.0 135.0 -52.3 -145.2 -40.9 -181.3 2.5 64.6 103.8 50.2 137.3 -52.5 -150.5 -41.0 -187.6 2.6 64.8 104.6 50.4 139.2 -52.7 -155.3 -41.1 -192.9 2.7 65.0 105.4 50.5 140.8 -52.8 -160.1 -41.2 -198.2 - 23 - Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 90 Maximum 80 70 Typical High 50 Iout(mA) Iout(mA) 60 40 Typical Low Minimum 30 20 10 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 Pull-down Characteristics for Weak Output Driver 0.0 1.0 Vout(V) 2.0 0 Iout(mA) -10 -20 Minumum Typical Low -30 -40 -50 -60 Typical High -70 -80 Maximum -90 Pull-up Characteristics for Weak Output Driver Vout(V) Figure 5. I/V characteristics for input/output buffers : Pull-down(above) and Pull-up(below) - 24 - Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM [ Table 9 ] Weak Driver Characteristics Pull-down Current (mA) Pull-up Current (mA) Voltage (V) Typical Low Typical High Minimum Maximum Typical Low Typical High Minimum Maximum 0.1 3.4 3.8 2.6 5.0 -3.5 -4.3 -2.6 -5.0 0.2 6.9 7.6 5.2 9.9 -6.9 -8.2 -5.2 -9.9 0.3 10.3 11.4 7.8 14.6 -10.3 -12.0 -7.8 -14.6 0.4 13.6 15.1 10.4 19.2 -13.6 -15.7 -10.4 -19.2 0.5 16.9 18.7 13.0 23.6 -16.9 -19.3 -13.0 -23.6 0.6 19.6 22.1 15.7 28.0 -19.4 -22.9 -15.7 -28.0 0.7 22.3 25.0 18.2 32.2 -21.5 -26.5 -18.2 -32.2 0.8 24.7 28.2 20.8 35.8 -23.3 -30.1 -20.4 -35.8 0.9 26.9 31.3 22.4 39.5 -24.8 -33.6 -21.6 -39.5 1.0 29.0 34.1 24.1 43.2 -26.0 -37.1 -21.9 -43.2 1.1 30.6 36.9 25.4 46.7 -27.1 -40.3 -22.1 -46.7 1.2 31.8 39.5 26.2 50.0 -27.8 -43.1 -22.2 -50.0 1.3 32.8 42.0 26.6 53.1 -28.3 -45.8 -22.3 -53.1 1.4 33.5 44.4 26.8 56.1 -28.6 -48.4 -22.4 -56.1 1.5 34.0 46.6 27.0 58.7 -28.7 -50.7 -22.6 -58.7 1.6 34.3 48.6 27.2 61.4 -28.9 -52.9 -22.7 -61.4 1.7 34.5 50.5 27.4 63.5 -28.9 -55.0 -22.7 -63.5 1.8 34.8 52.2 27.7 65.6 -29.0 -56.8 -22.8 -65.6 1.9 35.1 53.9 27.8 67.7 -29.2 -58.7 -22.9 -67.7 2.0 35.4 55.0 28.0 69.8 -29.2 -60.0 -22.9 -69.8 2.1 35.6 56.1 28.1 71.6 -29.3 -61.2 -23.0 -71.6 2.2 35.8 57.1 28.2 73.3 -29.5 -62.4 -23.0 -73.3 2.3 36.1 57.7 28.3 74.9 -29.5 -63.1 -23.1 -74.9 2.4 36.3 58.2 28.3 76.4 -29.6 -63.8 -23.2 -76.4 2.5 36.5 58.7 28.4 77.7 -29.7 -64.4 -23.2 -77.7 2.6 36.7 59.2 28.5 78.8 -29.8 -65.1 -23.3 -78.8 2.7 36.8 59.6 28.6 79.7 -29.9 -65.8 -23.3 -79.7 - 25 - Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM 70 Maximum 60 Iout(mA) 50 40 30 Minimum 20 10 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 Vout(V) Pull-down Characteristics for Matched Output Driver 0.0 1.0 2.0 0 Iout(mA) -10 Minumum -20 -30 -40 -50 Maximum -60 -70 Pull-up Characteristics for Matched Output Driver Vout(V) Figure 6. I/V characteristics for input/output buffers:Pull-down(above) and Pull-up(below) - 26 - Rev. 1.1 datasheet K4H641638Q DDR SDRAM [ Table 10 ] Matched Driver Characteristics Pull-down Current(mA) pull-up Current (mA) Voltage (V) Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.6 7.8 -4.4 -8.8 0.4 7.3 15.8 -8.8 -15.7 0.6 11.0 23.1 -13.3 -23.0 0.8 14.6 29.4 -17.3 -29.4 1.0 16.8 35.5 -18.6 -35.4 1.2 18.3 41.0 -18.9 -41.0 1.4 18.8 46.1 -19.0 -46.0 1.6 19.0 50.5 -19.3 -50.3 1.8 19.6 53.8 -19.5 -53.8 2.0 19.7 57.3 -19.6 -57.2 2.2 19.8 60.1 -19.7 -60.1 - 27 -