Vishay Siliconix
Si9731
Document Number: 71321
S09-2249Rev. C, 26-Oct-09
www.vishay.com
1
Product is End of Life 12/2014
µP Controlled Battery Charger
for 1-Cell Li-ion or 1-Cell to 3-Cell NiCd/NiMH Batteries
FEATURES
Pulse charges 1-cell Li-ion or 1-cell to 3-cell
NiCd/NiMH batteries
Integrated MOSFETs with bi-directional
reverse current blocking in "OFF" mode
PWM controlled fast charging mode
Low current trickle charge mode
Pin selectable 4.1 V or 4.2 V charge termination for Li-ion
Constant voltage (CV) termination for Li-ion
Input over-voltage detector with automatic shutdown
External shutdown
Under 1 µA reverse battery leakage current in shutdown
Complete isolation from battery to external power supply
in shutdown
Thermal shutdown
Minimum number of external components
ESD protection to 4 kV on charger input and battery
output
TSSOP-16 package (1.2 mm maximum height)
Halogen-free according to IEC 61249-2-21 definition
Compliant to RoHS directive 2002/95/EC
APPLICATIONS
Cellular phone battery charger
Personal digital assistants
DESCRIPTION
Si9731 is a chemistry independent battery charger designed
to pulse charge 1-cell to 3-cell NiCd/NiMH or 1-cell Li-ion
batteries. Battery charging is accomplished under direct
control from the system processor. An internal low RDS(on)
MOSFET can be pulsed on and off at varying duty cycle by
the system processor to pulse charge the battery at high
charge current while minimizing heat dissipation. Provision is
also made to trickle charge a discharged battery until the
battery is charged to a high enough voltage to wake up the
processor so that the processor can take control of the
charging process. For charging Li-ion batteries, Si9731
includes a precision voltage reference and an error amplifier
for constant voltage (CV) charge mode. The Si9731 is
available in lead (Pb)-free TSSOP-16 package and is
classified over the industrial temperature range (- 40 °C to
+ 85 °C).
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
VBAT
ON/OFF
VCHARGER
TRICKLECHARGEENABLE
Trickle
Charge
Fast
Charge
4.1/4.2 V_TAP
FAST CHARGE
Charge Control
CVMODE
GND
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Document Number: 71321
S09-2249Rev. C, 26-Oct-09
Vishay Siliconix
Si9731
Notes:
a. Device Mounted with all leads soldered or welded to PC board.
b. Derate 10 mW/°C above 25 °C.
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation
of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
See application drawing Figure 1.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Parameter Symbol Limit Unit
Voltages Referenced to GND = 0 V
VCHARGER, V(CVMODE), V(TRICKLECHARGEEN), V(MAINCHARGEREN), V(ON/OFF),
V(4.1 V_TAP), V(VBAT+), V(CHARGERPOWER_ON), V(CHARGERPRESENT),
V(TRICKLE_VBAT)
V(CHARGERPRESENTIN), V(CHARGERPOWER_ONIN) - 0.3 to 13.5 V
Maximum Input Current (ICHARGER(max))1.2 A
Maximum Sink Current
CHARGERPOWER_ON and CHARGERPRESENT Pins 5mA
Storage Temperature - 65 to 150 °C
Operating Junction Temperature 150
Power Dissipation (Package)a16-Pin TSSOP (Q Suffix)b1.06 W
Thermal Impedance (ΘJA)16-Pin TSSOP 135 °C/W
RECOMMENDED OPERATING RANGE
Parameter Symbol Limit Unit
Voltages Referenced to GND = 0 V
VCHARGER 3.0 to 12 V
Ambient Temperature - 40 to + 85 °C
VREFBypass Capacitor 0.1
µF
COUT 2.2
CIN 2.2
SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter Symbol
Test Conditions Unless Specified
- 40 °C < TA < + 85 °C
3.0 V VCHARGER 6.5 V, VON/OFF = 1.5 V Unit Min.aTyp.bMax.a
External Charger Voltage VCHARGER 3.0 12 V
Under Voltage Lockout on Charger VUVLO Rising Edge of Battery Charger 2.45 2.6 2.75
UVLO Hysteresis UVLOHYST 70 90 110 mV
Regulated Output Voltage 4.1 V_TAP to VBAT
VTERM+
VCHARGER = 5.0 V
IBAT+ = 1 mA
MAINCHARGEREN
= 5.0 V
CVMODE = 5.0 V
- 10 °C < TA < + 40 °C 4.050 4.1 4.150
V
- 40 °C < TA < + 85 °C 4.025 4.1 4.150
Regulated Output Voltage 4.1 V_TAP Open - 10 °C < TA < + 40 °C 4.150 4.2 4.250
- 40 °C < TA < + 85 °C 4.125 4.2 4.250
Battery Over Voltage Protection VOVP Rising Edge of VBAT+ 4.70 4.95 5.15
Battery Over Voltage Hysteresis VOVP_HYS 0.11
Battery Minimum Operating Voltage VBAT(min) Rising Edge, VBAT+ Latch 3.12 3.24 3.33
Charger Voltage to Battery Voltage
Comparator Offset VOS_CB
Comparator
Offset Voltage,
VCHARGER - VBAT+
MAINCHARGEEN-High - 0.08 - 0.04 - 0.01
MAINCHARGEEN-Low 0.01 0.04 0.08
Charger Voltage to Battery Voltage
Comparator Hysteresis 0.07
Document Number: 71321
S09-2249Rev. C, 26-Oct-09
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Vishay Siliconix
Si9731
Notes:
a. The algebraic convention whereby the most negative value is a minimum and the most positive a maximum, is used in this data sheet.
b. Typical values are for DESIGN AID ONLY, not guaranteed or subject to production testing.
c. Guaranteed by design and characterization, not subject to production testing.
SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter Symbol
Test Conditions Unless Specified
- 40 °C < TA < + 85 °C
3.0 V VCHARGER 6.5 V, VON/OFF = 1.5 V Unit Min.aTyp.bMax.a
Quiescent Current (Normal Mode) IIN(VCHARGER Pin)
ON-Mode 1 mA IBAT+ 600 mA 13mA
Quiescent Current (Shutdown Mode) IIN(VCHARGER Pin)
OFF-Mode VON/OFF = 0 V, VCHARGER = 4.5 V 0.1 1 µA
Feedback Resistor RFB1 Pin 12 to Pin 14 1 kΩ
RFB2 + RFB3 Pin 12 to GND 41
Battery Leakage Current IPIN13 + IPIN14 VBAT+ = 4.2 V VON/OFF = 0 V - 1 0.1 1 µA
VCHARGER = 0 V - 1 0.1 2
Q1 ON Resistance Q1 RDS(on)
VCHARGER = 4.5 V
MAINCHARGEREN
1.5 V 400 mΩ
Q2 ON Resistance Q2 RDS(on) TRICKLECHARGEEN
0.4 V 610Ω
Q5 ON ResistancecQ5 RDS(on) CVMODE 1.5 V 6
Over Voltage Detect Threshold VCHARGER(OVD) Rising Edge of Battery Charger 12.0 12.8 13.4
V
Over Voltage Detect Threshold Hysteresis VCHARGER(OVD)
_HYS 0.4
CHARGERPRESENT and
CHARGERPOWER_ON
Output High
Leakage
Current
IOH VOH = 6.5 V 0.1 2 µA
Output Low
Voltage VOL IOL = 1 mA 0.4
V
CHARGERPRESENTIN,
CHARGERPOWER_ONIN,
TRICKLECHARGEEN,
MAINCHARGEEN or
CVMODE
Logic Low
Voltage VIL 0.4
Logic High
Voltage VIH 1.5
Pull Down
Current IP/D 0.7 10 µA
Thermal Shutdown TemperaturecTS/D 130 °C
Thermal Shutdown HysteresiscTHYST 10
Shutdown High Voltage Logic Level VON/OFF(high) 1.5 V
Shutdown Low Voltage Logic Level VON/OFF(low) 0.3
Shutdown Hysteresis VON/OFF(hyst) 100 mV
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Document Number: 71321
S09-2249Rev. C, 26-Oct-09
Vishay Siliconix
Si9731
PIN CONFIGURATION
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number Temperature Range Package
Si9731DQ-T1-E3 - 40 to 85 °C Tape and Reel
4.1 V_TAP
TRICKLE_VBAT
CHARGERPOWER_ON = (XCHARGERPOWER_ON)
CHARGERPRESENT = (XCHARGERPRESENT)
16
15
14
13
1
2
3
4
12
11
10
9
5
6
7
8
CHARGERPRESENTIN
VBAT+
CHARGERPOWER_ONIN
GND
(N/C)
VCHARGER
ON/OFF
(N/C)
TRICKLECHARGEEN
CVMODE
MAINCHARGEEN
VREF
TSSOP-16
Top View
Si9731DQ
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin Number Name Function
1 CHARGERPRESENTIN Logic input for CHARGERPRESENT output
2 CHARGERPOWER_ONIN Logic input for CHARGERPOWER_ON output
3VCHARGER External charger
4ON/OFF
Master shutdown pin. Taking ON/OFF low shuts down the charger and quiescent current drops
to under 1 µA
5 TRICKLECHARGEEN Taking this pin high disables trickle (slow) charging
6CVMODE
A logic high enables the error amplifier to linearly drive the gate of MOSFET Q1 when
MAINCHARGEREN is high.
7 MAINCHARGEEN An external PWM signal at MAINCHARGEREN pin controls the ON/OFF duty cycle of the Fast
Charge MOSFET, Q1.
8, 10 N/C Do not connect external circuitry to this pin. Circuitry internal to the IC is connected to this pin.
9VREF Internal 1.30 V precision bandgap reference voltage. Do not apply loads to this pin.
11 GND Low impedance system ground
12 4.1 V_TAP Connect this pin to VBAT+ for 4.1 V charge termination in constant voltage mode
13 TRICKLE_VBAT Resistor connected between this pin and VBAT to limit the trickle charge current.
14 VBAT+ Charger output connected to battery’s positive terminal
15 CHARGERPOWER_ON Open drain logic output
16 CHARGERPRESENT Open drain logic output
Document Number: 71321
S09-2249Rev. C, 26-Oct-09
www.vishay.com
5
Vishay Siliconix
Si9731
Notes:
a. "OK to Charge" is a flag signal that is enabled by satisfying all the following conditions:
1. Battery voltage is below 5 V
2. Charger voltage is greater than 3 V but below 12.8 V
3. If MAINCHARGEEN = Logic Low, VCHARGER > VBAT + 40 mV,
If MAINCHARGEEN = Logic High, VCHARGER > VBAT - 40 mV
4. ON/OFF pin is at logic high.
b. Q1 drive is determined by the error amplifier during constant voltage mode.
Q1 drive is a combination of Q1 drive (digital) and the output of the error amplifier using the analog adder. The combinations are:
TABLE 1: BATTERY CHARGING CONTROL LOGIC Nominal Voltage Values
VCHARGER
TRICKLE
CHARGEEN CVMODE
MAIN
CHARGEEN ON/OFF Q1bQ2 Mode
Not Present X X X X OFF OFF Not Charging
Not Present
OK to ChargeaX X X X OFF OFF Not Charging
Over Voltage
VCHARGER > 12.8 V X X X X OFF OFF Not Charging
Present
OK to Chargea
X X X LOW OFF OFF Not Charging (Shutdown)
LOW LOW LOW HIGH OFF ON Trickle Charge
HIGH LOW LOW HIGH OFF OFF
Not Charging
(Current pulse off during Constant
Current Charge)
LOW LOW HIGH HIGH ON OFF Constant Current Charge
(current pulse on)
HIGH LOW HIGH HIGH ON OFF
LOW HIGH LOW HIGH OFF OFF Not Charging
(Current pulse off during Constant
Current Charge with output limited
to 4.1 V/4.2 V or end of charge in Li-Ion
charging)
HIGH HIGH LOW HIGH OFF OFF
LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH ON OFF Constant Current Charge
(Output Limited to 4.1 V/4.2 V or
Constant Voltage Charge)
HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH ON OFF
TABLE 2
Q1 Drive (Digital) Output of Error Amplifier Q1 Drive
LOW LOW LOW (fully off)
LOW Intermediate Intermediate (linear mode)
HIGH LOW HIGH (fully on)
HIGH HIGH Should Never Happen
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Document Number: 71321
S09-2249Rev. C, 26-Oct-09
Vishay Siliconix
Si9731
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 25 °C, unless otherwise noted
VBAT (CV Mode) vs. VCHARGER
Charger UVLO Rising vs. Temperature
4.08
4.10
4.12
4.14
4.16
4.18
4.20
4.22
36912
4.1 TAP Open
V
CHARGER
(V)
- ( V)V
BAT
4.1 TAP to V
BAT
2.45
2.50
2.55
2.60
2.65
2.70
2.75
- 40 - 15 10 35 60 85
Temperature (°C)
- ( V)VCHARGER
VBAT (CV Mode) vs. Temperature
VBAT Leakage vs. Temperature
4.06
4.08
4.10
4.12
4.14
4.16
4.18
4.20
4.22
- 40 - 15 10 35 60 85
Temperature (°C)
- ( V)VBAT
4.1 TAP Open
4.1 TAP to VBAT
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature (°C)
- ( V)Current VBAT
VCHARGER = 0 V
VBAT = 4.2 V
Document Number: 71321
S09-2249Rev. C, 26-Oct-09
www.vishay.com
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Vishay Siliconix
Si9731
BLOCK DIAGRAM AND TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
Figure 1.
Temp
Sensor
+
1
CHARGERPRESENTIN
2
CHARGERPOWER_ONIN
4
ON/OFF
3
V
CHARGER
100 kΩ1 MΩ
+
C
IN
2.2 μfd
2.6 V
+
12.8 V
+
5
TRICKLECHARGEEN
6
CVMODE
7
MAINCHARGEEN
UVL
Latch
Circuit
Power
OK to Charge
(OTC)
+
+
3.4 V
5 V
Q3
16 CHARGERPRESENT
Q4
15 CHARGERPOWER_ON
14
56 Ω
Trickle
Charge
Q2
C
OUT
2.2 μfd B
a
t
t
e
r
y
V
BAT
Trickle_V
BAT
13
Fast
Charge
Q1
RFB1
RFB2
RFB3
4.1 V_TAP
12
11 GND
Digital
Analog
Temp
OK
+
0.1 μfd
9V
REF
Ref
Voltage 1.3 V
E/A
Q5
Enable
108
N/C N/C
OVP
Battery Over
Voltage
Battery Min Voltage
V
BAT+
Voltage
Generator
2.6 V
3.4 V
5 V
12.8 V
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Document Number: 71321
S09-2249Rev. C, 26-Oct-09
Vishay Siliconix
Si9731
DETAIL OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION
Si9731 is a chemistry independent battery charger designed
for use with a system processor. For example, Si9731 can be
integrated within a cellular phone whereby the fast charge
and trickle (slow) charge modes can be software controlled
by the DSP. The device is designed to charge 1-cell Li-ion or
1-cell to 3-cell NiCd/NiMH batteries. A regulated or
unregulated external dc power source such as a wall adapter
rated at typically 4.5 V to 12 V is connected to Si9731’s
VCHARGER input pin. Note that a typical low cost wall adaptor
is comprised of a transformer, bridge rectifier and a reservoir
capacitor. The wall adaptor’s output voltage decreases
linearly with increase in output current. When Si9731 is fast
charging the battery, the wall adaptor’s output voltage tracks
the battery voltage plus the voltage drop across Q1 (charging
current times MOSFET Q1’s RDS(on), see Figure 1). The key
features of Si9731 are described below.
Since the under voltage lock out (UVLO) point of Si9731 is
2.6 V (typical), it is essential to keep the charger voltage
above this level under all conditions, especially for fast
charging of single cell NiCd/NiMH. One simple solution is
adding a external resistor between VBAT+ pin and the battery,
which creates extra voltage drop to elevate the charger
voltage. The value of the resistor is affected by the output
V-I characteristic of the ac charger.
Trickle Charge
The charge path is via N-Channel MOSFETs Q1 or Q2 (see
applications circuit of Figure 1). Si9731 defaults to trickle
(slow) charge mode if the battery voltage is too low to power
the main processor. With the main processor unable to drive
the MAINCHARGEEN pin as well as the
TRICKLECHARGEEN pins, Q1 is turned "OFF" preventing
fast charging. Meanwhile N-Channel MOSFET Q2 turns
"ON" and establishes a trickle charge path from the external
power source VCHARGER to the battery. The trickle charge
current is set by an external current limiting resistor, Rext, and
is approximately ITRICKLE = (VCHARGER - VBAT+)/Rext. Once
the battery voltage charges up to minimum battery operating
voltage 3.24 V, the internal latch is triggered and the
CHARGERPOWER_ON output changes state to wake up
the processor. The processor is now able to disable trickle
charge mode by taking the TRICKLECHARGEEN pin high
while taking control of fast charging via the
MAINCHARGEEN pin.
Fast Charge
Fast charging is accomplished by the low "ON" resistance
MOSFET, Q1. The application microprocessor is able to
"Pulse Charge" the battery via the MAINCHARGEREN
control input of Si9731. The processor monitors the battery
voltage via the system A/D converter and varies the pulse
charging duty cycle accordingly to maintain fast charging.
Note that even though charging current may be sufficiently
high, pulse charging with short "ON" time and long "OFF"
time ensures that heat generation due to thermal heating is
reduced.
In the case of NiCd or NiMH batteries, one of several charge
termination schemes may be used to terminate charge. For
example, the processor may disable fast charging by
sensing ΔV or dV/dt at the VBAT+ output or by monitoring the
temperature differential ΔT of the battery. Following fast
charge, trickle charge may be enabled to "top off" the battery.
When charging a 1-cell Li-ion battery, fast charging will
operate in two modes, constant current mode followed by
constant voltage mode. In the constant current mode, a
discharged Li-ion battery is charged with constant current
available from the external dc source. The MOSFET pass
transistor (Q1) may be pulsed "ON" and "OFF" at varying
duty cycle by the control signal present at the
MAINCHARGEEN input pin. Once the battery voltage
reaches it’s termination voltage of 4.1 V or 4.2 V (depending
on the connection of the 4.1 VTAP), Si9731 may be placed in
the "Constant Voltage" charging mode by taking the
CVMODE pin high. Taking CVMODE pin high disables trickle
charging and enables the internal battery voltage divider by
turning ON Q5. Then the error amplifier will compare divided
VBAT+ voltage against an internal precision 1.3 V bandgap
reference voltage (see Figure 1). The output of the error
amplifier drives the pass transistor Q1 to maintain VBAT+ at
the regulated termination voltage. This operation is same as
a linear regulator.
True Load Disconnect
Both the fast charge FET (Q1 in Figure 1) and trickle charge
FET (Q2 in Figure 1) incorporate a floating body diode. In
their "OFF" state both FETs block current bidirectionally.
Note that because of the reverse blocking switches, a
Schottky diode in series with the external VCHARGER power
supply is not required.
Document Number: 71321
S09-2249Rev. C, 26-Oct-09
www.vishay.com
9
Vishay Siliconix
Si9731
DETAIL OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION
4.1 VTAP
The Si9731’s internal feedback resistors are set to provide
4.2 V charge termination at VBAT+ output if the 4.1 VTAP is left
open circuit. Connecting the 4.1 VTAP to VBAT+ configures
Si9731 for 4.1 V charge termination at VBAT+. This feature
allows Si9731 to accommodate Li-ion batteries requiring
4.1 V or 4.2 V charge termination. Caution: the 4.1 VTAP
should not be connected to ground or any other voltage
source as this will cause the Si9731 to operate open loop and
can result in over charging the battery!
Feedback Disconnect Switch
The Si9731 includes a feedback disconnect switch (Q5 in
Figure 1) connected in series with the device’s internal
feedback resistor string. The 42 kΩ feedback resistor string
is connected to ground when both the internal "OK to
Charge" signal and the CVMODE pin are at logic high,
providing feedback voltage to Si9731’s error amplifier. This
action helps prevent the Si9731 from discharging the battery.
CHARGERPRESENT and CHARGERPOWERON
CHARGERPRESENT and CHARGERPOWERON are open
drain outputs, each requiring an external pull-up resistor.
CHARGERPRESENT pin goes low with
CHARGERPRESENTIN pin goes high, signaling the
processor that a charger has been inserted.
CHARGERPOWERON Pin goes low when
CHARGERPOWERONIN Pin is high, charger voltage is not
in UVLO and the battery voltage has increased to above
3.24 V, turning on the system power supply since the battery
has been charged up to minimum operating voltage.
Input Over-Voltage Detector
The external dc source connected to the VCHARGER pin
should be at 12 V or less. In the unlikely event that the
voltage at VCHARGER pin is at or above 12.8 V (typical),
Si9731’s internal over voltage detector will turn off MOSFETs
Q1, Q2, and Q5 and disable charging.
Thermal Shutdown
Si9731 also includes a thermal protection circuit that
suspends charging through Q1 and Q2 when die
temperature exceeds 130 °C due to overheating. Once the
die temperature cools to below 120 °C, the charging will
resume.
Shutdown
Si9731 can be completely turned off by applying 0.4 V or less
to the device’s ON/OFF pin. In shutdown mode, Si9731
draws less than 1 µA quiescent current with charger voltage
below UVLO, and draws 500 µA when charger voltage is
above UVLO. The device is enabled by applying 1.5 V to
12 V at the ON/OFF pin. In applications where the device will
always remain enabled, the ON/OFF pin may be connected
to the VCHARGER pin. Si9731’s shutdown circuitry includes
hysteresis, as such the device will operate properly even if a
slow moving signal is applied to the ON/OFF pin. When the
device is enabled, the battery voltage sense circuitry draws
approximately 25 µA from VBAT.
OK to Charge (OTC)
Si9731 also includes an internal signal that enables both
trickle charge mode and fast charge mode operations, the
"OK to Charge" (or OTC) signal. The OTC signal is at logic
high if all of the following are satisfied:
1. Battery voltage is below 5 V
2. Charger voltage is greater than 2.6 V but below 12.8 V
3. VCHARGER > VBAT + 40 mV when MAINCHARGEEN =
Low
VCHARGER > VBAT - 40 mV when MAINCHARGEEN =
High
4. ON/OFF pin is at logic high.
In order to charge the battery in any manner, the OTC signal
has to be high.
Vishay Siliconix maintains worldwide manufacturing capability. Products may be manufactured at one of several qualified locations. Reliability data for Silicon
Technology and Package Reliability represent a composite of all qualified locations. For related documents such as package/tape drawings, part marking, and
reliability data, see www.vishay.com/ppg?71321.
Vishay Siliconix
Package Information
Document Number: 74417
23-Oct-06
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1
Symbols
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS
Min Nom Max
A - 1.10 1.20
A1 0.05 0.10 0.15
A2 - 1.00 1.05
B 0.22 0.28 0.38
C - 0.127 -
D 4.90 5.00 5.10
E 6.10 6.40 6.70
E1 4.30 4.40 4.50
e-0.65-
L 0.50 0.60 0.70
L1 0.90 1.00 1.10
y--0.10
θ10°3°6°
ECN: S-61920-Rev. D, 23-Oct-06
DWG: 5624
TSSOP: 16-LEAD
PAD Pattern
www.vishay.com Vishay Siliconix
Revision: 02-Sep-11 1Document Number: 63550
THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM PAD FOR TSSOP-16
0.281
(7.15)
Recommended Minimum Pads
Dimensions in inches (mm)
0.171
(4.35)
0.055
(1.40)
0.012
(0.30)
0.026
(0.65)
0.014
(0.35)
0.193
(4.90)
Legal Disclaimer Notice
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Revision: 08-Feb-17 1Document Number: 91000
Disclaimer
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