General Application Guide for the HSDL-1100 4 Mb/s Infrared Transceiver Application Note 1112 HSDL-1100 Performance Capability Designed to Meet the IrDA Physical Layer Specification version 1.1 * Performance is guaranteed at the 1.152 Mb/s and 4.0 Mb/s data rates. The HSDL-1100 is also backward compatible to 2.4-115.2 kb/s data rates as required by the IrDA specification. * Errorless 4 Mb/s performance at link distances of 1.3-1.95 meters has been verified using the HSDL-1100 and I/O chips such as the National Semiconductor PC87108, the VLSI VL82C147, and the SMC FDC37C957. * Nose-to-Nose (0-5 cm) errorless performance has also been verified for an Ir link using the HSDL-1100 and I/O chips. * Sharp ASK/DASK errorless performance on the Rxd-B channel has been verified at 38.4 kb/s using the National Semiconductor PC87108. Link distance exceeded 2 meters for typical HSDL-1100 units. * As with the HSDL-1000, the one-piece package of the HSDL-1100 allows the Ir system designer to easily meet all IrDA viewing angle specifications. * The Rxd-B receiver channel has been verified to correctly receive Sharp ASK/DASK 500 kHz carrier for data rates of 9.6 kb/s, 19.2 kb/s, and 38.4 kb/s. The National Semiconductor PC87108 has ASK/DASK capability on both receive pins IRRX1 and IRRX2. * The Rxd-A receiver channel is proven capable of receiving * Switching between IrDA data rates is effortless as data is always present at one of two receiver outputs RxdA and RxdB. Rxd-A provides 2.4115.2 kb/s data, and Rxd-B provides 0.5-4 Mb/s data. Capable of Receiving and Transmitting Sharp ASK/DASK and TV Remote VCC CX7 RLED CX2 10 HSDL-1100 TXD R1 7 PIN BIAS RXD-A 8 VREF VCC CX6 4 R3 VCC CX5 2 THRESHOLD AND SQUELCH GND CX1 1 GND 6 Figure 1. HSDL-1100 Application Diagram. CX4 3 9 CX3 5 RXD-B 2 TV Remote signals correctly. However, the sensitivity will allow only 2-3 meters of transmit to receive distance unless the transmit power of the remote signal is >100 mW/sr. * The HSDL-1100 transmitter is capable of correct Sharp ASK/ DASK and TV Remote data transmission at IrDA levels for transmitted intensity (mW/sr). HSDL-1100 Functional Description Transmitter The transmitter uses a high speed, high efficiency TS AlGaAs LED to produce an Ir signal of intensity and speed required by IrDA. The LED drive transistor is Schottky clamped to aid in meeting the IrDA optical rise time, and pulse width specifications. The external components CX2 and R1 are recommended to obtain current peaking, which creates faster optical pulse edges. Fast optical edges will help the link meet the required IrDA power budget. LED current is set by selection of RLED. See the Transmitter Drive Requirements section. Receiver The receiver consists of two channels, Rxd-A (2.4-115.2 kb/s) and Rxd-B (0.5-4 Mb/s). Both channels use the same detector and pre-amplifier stage. Both channels use CX1, CX5, CX6, and R3 to filter out power supply noise. The Rxd-B channel uses an adaptive threshold circuit to minimize pulse width distortion (PWD) over the IrDA required dynamic range. The Rxd-B channel also uses a squelch circuit to eliminate noise bits on Rxd when no Ir signal is present. The adaptive threshold circuit makes use of CX3 and CX4. In general, 2.4-115.2 kb/s Ir signals create output pulses on Rxd-A, and 0.5-4 Mb/s Ir signals create output pulses on Rxd-B. However, Ir signals in the 10 kHz - 1 MHz range may appear on both Rxd-A and Rxd-B, depending on the Ir signal strength. The presense of signal at both Rxd-A and Rxd-B should not be a problem for any properly designed I/O chip. The I/O chip should be designed to look at only one channel at a time, depending upon which data mode has been selected by the software. Dynamic Range The dynamic range required by IrDA for a 1 meter link is 4 W/cm2 500 mW/cm2 for 2.4-115.2 kb/s, and 10 W/cm2-500 mW/cm2 for 0.5-4 Mb/s. The wide dynamic range requires a special circuit which adjusts to the signal level for comparison to a threshold. The adaptive threshold circuit quickly adjusts to the incoming signal level and eliminates the need for any external AGC circuitry or adjustment. Power Supply Noise Immunity The HSDL-1100 receiver circuitry is specially designed for power supply noise immunity. The result of the receiver design is improved power supply noise immunity over that of the HSDL-1000. Table 1 describes the HSDL-1100 noise immunity as compared to that of the HSDL-1000. Power Supply Noise immunity is the maximum amount of ripple or noise on VCC that the receiver can tolerate without generating any bit errors. Noise levels above the noise immunity will effectively reduce the receiver sensitivity and therefore the Ir link distance. Without any infrared signal present, noise levels above the noise immunity could generate pulses on RxdA or RxdB. The worst case immunity is defined as the lowest level of noise immunity in any frequency range. Ambient Light The HSDL-1100 receiver design allows for the ambient light levels of sunlight, flourescent light, and incandescent light specified in the IrDA Physical Layer Specification. As with the HSDL-1000, several technologies are used in the HSDL1100 design to reduce the effects of interfering ambient light. The package mold compound is tinted with dye to filter out light wavelengths below the Ir wavelengths of 850-900 nm. The lens of the detector is designed to focus light within the IrDA viewing angle. The pre- Table 1. Worst Case Immunity Power Supply Noise Immunity with no external VCC filter or decoupling Power Supply Noise Immunity with recommended VCC filter including Cx5, R3, Cx6 HSDL-1000 HSDL-1100 Rxd Rxd-A Rxd-B 20 mV 90 mV 70 mV > 1 volt pk-pk > 1 volt pk-pk 3 amplifier for both receiver channels contains daylight cancellation circuitry to eliminate the ambient light portion of incoming Ir signals. Lead Bend Options Lead bend options for the HSDL1100 include the TOP (#X08 option), and FRONT (#X07 option). The TOP and FRONT options are similar to that shown on page 13 of the Hewlett-Packard IrDA Design Guide, and are shown in detail on the HSDL-1100 datasheet. The TOP option lies flat on the circuit board, while the FRONT stands upright on the circuit board. Implementation of the HSDL-1100 Required External Components Table 2 describes the external components required for obtaining datasheet performance (Actual values for the components may vary with the I/O chip, controller chip, EnDec chip, or buffer chip that the HSDL-1100 interfaces to). Board Layout Requirements Proper board layout is crucial to the noise immunity of the overall Ir system. Compromised board layout may lead to reduced sesitivity, and therefore shorter achievable Ir link distance. Proper board layout is descibed in detail in page 16 of the Hewlett-Packard IrDA Design Guide. Keys aspects of proper board layout are: * VCC to Gnd bypass capacitor CX5 should be placed within 0.5 cm of the HSDL-1100 module pins 2,4, AND on the same side of the PC board as the HSDL-1100 module. * The PIN bypass capacitor CX1 should be <0.5 cm from pin 1 of the HSDL-1100 module. * A multi-layer PC board should be used, and one layer devoted to a ground plane for the HSDL-1100 module. The ground plane should be laid out as an island, with one connection to a clean (<20 mV noise) system ground or analog system ground, and separated from the ground connection of fast switching devices, or noise sources. * The board underneath and 1 cm in any direction around the module is defined as the Table 2. Component Description Recommended Value R1 Txd input resistor for transmitter peaking. 560 5%, 0.125 watt RLED (R2) LED bias resistor which sets LED current pulse amplitude. 4.7 5%, 0.5 watt (See Transmitter Drive Requirements Section) R3 Power supply noise filter resistor. The higher the value, the lower the minimum filter frequency. 1/(R3*CX5) is the minimum filter frequency. 10-50 5%, 0.125 watt CX1 PIN bypass capacitor to reduce noise at the PIN detector. 0.47 F, 10%, X7R ceramic, <0.5 cm from pin 1. CX2 Txd input capacitor for transmitter peaking. 220 pF, 10%, X7R ceramic CX3 Adaptive threshold capacitor. 1000 pF, 10%, X7R ceramic CX4 Adaptive threshold averaging capacitor. 0.010 F, 10%, X7R ceramic CX5 VCC to Gnd bypass capacitor. Should be within 0.5 cm of module pins 2,4. 0.47 F, 20%, X7R ceramic, <0.5 cm lead length, within 0.5 cm from pins 2, 4. CX6 VCC to Gnd bypass capacitor. 6.8 F, Tantalum. Larger value recommended for noisy supplies or environments. CX7 VCC transmitter bypass capacitor 0.47 F, ceramic. Used to eliminate ripple on VCC caused by the LED current during infrared transmission. 4 critical ground plane zone. The board layer chosen as the ground plane island should be maximized in area within the ground plane zone, and should include all resistor and capacitor components recommended for use with the HSDL-1100. * The ground plane for the HSDL-1100 module should be connected ONLY to the least noisy ground node available on the PC board. * The DC-DC converter should be located as far away from the HSDL-1100 on the PC board as possible (at least 3 cm away). The board may then look like Figure 2. a peaking circuit of R1 and CX2 is recommended. The R1*CX2 time constant provides overdrive for both turn-on and turn-off of the LED, shortening the optical trise and tfall. In order to limit the electrical ILED pulse trise and tfall to 5-10 ns, TXD must be driven with a pulse current Iih of approximately ILED/125. See Figure 4. The HSDL-1100 datasheet Electrical Specifications show that at Vih = 4.25 V, the required Iih 6.6 mA. Using R1 = 560 ohms, Iih will be sufficient for 5-10ns trise and tfall of ILED, if Vih 4.25 V. If the chosen I/O chip, controller chip, or EnDec chip does not support Vih 4.25 V at the required Iih, then R1 and CX2 can be chosen to allow for a lower Vih at the required Iih value. R1 can be lowered from 560 ohms to allow for Vih < 4.25 V. CX2 should then be increased to preserve the peaking characteristic. If the I/O chip or controller chip cannot provide the required Iih even at Voh = 2.4 V, then a buffer chip can be used to drive TXD of the HSDL-1100. The output of the buffer chip should be able to source current of at least >3 cm If any of the above aspects of board layout are compromised, and it is suspected that an EMI shield over the HSDL-1100 may be necessary, Hewlett-Packard can provide EMI shields, or shielded HSDL-1100s in production volumes. The PC board should be prepared with the proper through holes, if it is suspected that an EMI shield will be necessary (see datasheets for HP part numbers HSDL-810x, or HSDL-1100#S07). CX5 DC - DC CONVERTER CX1 GROUND PLANE ISLAND MAIN GROUND Figure 2. Application Specific Transmitter Design: CX7 RLED CX2 Transmitter Drive The infrared LED in the HSDL1100 is driven by signals present at TXD. See Figure 3. The IrDA physical layer specification requires trise and tfall of the transmitted optical signal at 4 Mb/s to be 40 ns or less. The HSDL-1100 budgets 30 ns of trise and tfall for the LED, and 10 ns for trise and tfall of the electrical ILED pulse. In order to reach < 30 ns trise and tfall for the LED, 10 TXD R1 HSDL-1100 7 Figure 3. VIH TXD PULSE Figure 4. HSDL-1100 PIN 7 OPTICAL ILED PULSE 5 IOH = 6 mA in magnitude. LS/ HC241 and LS/HC244 are buffer chips that can be used to drive the TXD of the HSDL-1100. Heat Dissipation for LEDA The PC board must be designed to dissipate heat from the HSDL1100's LED. The junction temperature of the LED should be kept below 125C. The thermal resistance of the PC board can be minimized in order to keep Tjunction of the LED below 125C while operating up to 660 mA. For typical applications, the LEDA pin 10 trace should be at least 38 mm2 in area and no narrower than 2.5 mm at any point. Such a trace should provide a thermal resis- tance of approximately 100C/ Watt. The HSDL-1100 evaluation board presents a thermal resistance of approximately 100C/Watt for the LEDA pin 10 trace. An opening in the solder mask for the whole trace can be made to further decrease the thermal resistance. If you do not know your PC board's thermal resistance (deg C/ Watt), then the easiest way to determine the maximum allowable LED current is from maximum pin 10 = LEDA case temperature, see Table 5. From the LED current table you can see the maximum pin10 lead temperature on the HSDL-1100 for the #007 leadform. A thermacouple can be placed on Table 3. Recommended Minimum Iih for a chosen ILED pulse amplitude. ILED Pulse Amplitude (mA) Recommended Minimum Iih (mA) 400 3.2 500 4.0 600 4.8 660 5.3 Table 4. Electrical Specifications. Minimum Vih (V) R1 () CX2 (pF) 4.25 560 220 3.5 420 300 2.4 220 560 Table 5. LED Current LED Current Amplitude (25% duty cycle) (mA) Maximum Pin 10 (Case) Temperature for the HSDL-1100 (degrees C) 400 101.3 450 98.4 500 95.3 550 92.1 600 88.7 660 83.0 pin10 while operating the HSDL1100 transmitter in their PC board. If the pin 10 temperature exceeds the listed maximum temperature, the PC board thermal resistance must be reduced, or the LED current must be reduced. The PC board thermal resistance can be reduced by increasing the metal area of the pin10 trace on the PC board, and by leaving it bare (no epoxy glass over a section of that trace). For Example: If ILED = 550 mA, then the PC board should be designed so that the pin10 temperature does not exceed 92.1C when the PC board is enclosed in a notebook or handy terminal box. Interface to Recommended I/O Chips 4 Mb/s Ir link distances of 1.3-1.95 meters between transmitter and receiver have been demonstrated using typical HSDL-1100 units, and either the National Semiconductor PC87108 I/O chip, the VLSI VL82C147 I/O chip, or the SMC FDC37C957 I/O chip. In reference to the HSDL-1100 diagram on page 1 of this note, the TXD, RXD-A, and RXD-B nodes can be connected directly to the chosen I/O chip. National Semiconductor PC87108 For the National Semiconductor PC87108 I/O chip, the Ir link can be realized with the following connections: Connect IRTX pin 39 of the PC87108 to the I/O side of R1/CX2 labeled TXD on the diagram of page 1. Connect IRRX1 pin 38 of the PC87108 to RXD-A (pin 8 of the HSDL-1100). HSDL-1100 RXD-A RXD-B 8 7 5 CX2 R1 38 39 IRRX1 37 SMC FDC37C957 For the SMC FDC37C957 I/O chip, the Ir link can be realized with the following connections: Microsoft (Windows 95) or PUMA Technology are the most likely vendors to have released 4Mb/s Ir software. Connect IRTX pin 204 of the FDC37C957 to the 0.1 F capacitor connected to R1/CX2 of the HSDL1100 diagram. Evaluation Boards HSDL-1100 FRONT lead form evaluation boards can be obtained from your Hewlett-Packard Sales Representative. The evaluation boards can be plugged into a standard 6-8 pin edge connector, or hard-wired via cable to your Ir system's I/O chip. The connection to the I/O chip should be as shown above in the Interface to Recommended I/O Chips section of this note. Both VCC pins can be connected to the same power supply, or separate supplies as desired. The ground pin should be connected to the most noise free ground on the system board. IRSLO/IRRX2 IRTX HSDL-1100 PC87108 RXD-A Connect IRSLO/IRRX2 pin 37 of the PC87108 to RXD-B (pin 5 of the HSDL-1100). For Sharp ASK/DASK using the NS PC87108, the PC87108 should be configured by the ASK/DASK software to: 1. Receive data from only one receive pin 2. Set the receive to the AUX input IRRX2 VLSI VL82C147 For the VLSI VL82C147 I/O chip, the Ir link can be realized with the following connections: Connect IROUT pin 66 of the VL82C147 to the I/O side of R1/CX2 labeled TXD on the HSDL-1100 diagram. HSDL-1100 RXD-A 8 RXD-B 7 5 RXD-B 8 7 5 CX2 R1 0.1 F 203 IRRX 204 IRTX 190 IRMODE FDC37C957 Connect IRRX pin 203 of the FDC37C957 to RXD-A (pin 8 of the HSDL-1100). Connect IRMODE pin 190 of the FDC37C957 to RXD-B (pin 5 of the HSDL-1100). CX3 must be 1000 pF in the application circuit (other I/O chips use 4700 pF). Connect SIRIN pin 67 of the VL82C147 to RXD-A (pin 8 of the HSDL-1100). Note that the 0.1 F capacitor connected to the transmit line is necessary since the SMC I/O chip IRTX pin could be left in a logic high state for an indeterminate period of time. Connection of the IRTX directly to R1/CX2 would damage the HSDL-1100's LED if the IRTX line was left in the logic high state. Connect FIRIN pin 65 of the VL82C147 to RXD-B (pin 5 of the HSDL-1100). Software Recommendations Please see page 24 in the HewlettPackard IrDA Design Guide. CX2 R1 67 SIRIN 66 65 IROUT FIRIN VL82C147 www.hp.com/go/ir For technical assistance or the location of your nearest Hewlett-Packard sales office, distributor or representative call: Americas/Canada: 1-800-235-0312 or (408) 654-8675 Far East/Australasia: Call your local HP sales office. Japan: (81 3) 3335-8152 Europe: Call your local HP sales office. Data Subject to Change Copyright (c) 1997 Hewlett-Packard Co. Printed in U.S.A. 5965-7999E (5/97)