19-4114; Rev 0; 4/08 Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications The MAX16999 linear regulator operates from a 2.5V to 5.5V input voltage and delivers 100mA continuous load current with a low quiescent current typically around 13A. The output voltage is preset to internally trimmed voltages in the 0.5V to 3.3V range (see the Selector Guide). An active-low, open-drain reset output remains low for a programmable timeout delay after the output voltage reaches regulation. The reset timeout is programmed by an external capacitor connected to CRES. This device also features logic-controlled shutdown, and short-circuit and thermal-overload protection. The typical applications are multimedia, telematics, and motor control microcontrollers (Cs) with always-on requirements. The MAX16999 is used as a parallel, lowquiescent supply to power the core or interrupt section of Cs during sleep mode. It can also be used to supply a timer or memory during C shutoff. The adjustable POR delay assists with power-supply sequencing. Applications Industrial Features Preset 0.5V to 3.3V Output Voltage Range Up to 100mA Output Current at TA = +125C 13A Quiescent Current Logic-Controlled Enable Adjustable POR Delay Flag Short to GND Protection on Reset Timer Used in Parallel with High-Current Supply of Equal Voltages AEC-100 Qualification Request Thermal-Overload and Short-Circuit Protection Tiny 8-Pin MAX(R) Package with Exposed Pad Ordering Information PART* TEMP RANGE MAX16999AUA_ _+ -40C to +125C PIN-PACKAGE 8 MAX-EP** *Insert the desired two-digit suffix (see the Selector Guide) into the blanks to complete the part number. Contact the factory for other output voltages or other package options. +Denotes a lead-free package and RoHS compliant. **EP = Exposed pad. SDRAM Power Supplies Keep-Alive Timers Handheld/Portable Devices MAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Selector Guide appears at end of data sheet. Typical Operating Circuit INPUT 2.5V TO 5.5V OUTPUT 0.5V TO 3.3V IN TOP VIEW OUT CIN 1F COUT 4.7F MAX16999 ON Pin Configuration EN LOGIC SUPPLY CRES OFF CCRES 15nF RESET EP GND OUT 1 OUT 2 CRES 3 RESET 4 + 8 IN 7 IN MAX16999 6 EN * 5 GND MAX TO CONTROLLER *EXPOSED PAD ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX16999 General Description MAX16999 Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS IN, RESET to GND .................................................-0.3V to +6.0V OUT, CRES, EN to GND ..............................-0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V) Output Short-Circuit Duration.....................................Continuous Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) (Note 1) (derate 10.3mW/C above +70C) 8-Pin MAX (single-layer PCB) ..................................824.7mW (derate 12.9mW/C above +70C) 8-Pin MAX (multilayer PCB)....................................1030.9mW Package Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (JC) ......4.8C/W Package Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (JA) (single-layer PCB) ........................................................97C/W Package Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (JA) (multilayer PCB) ........................................................77.6C/W Operating Temperature Range .........................-40C to +125C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Storage Temperature Range .............................-60C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specifications. For detailed information on packaging thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial. Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (For devices with VOUT 1.5V, VIN = 3.3V. For devices with VOUT > 1.5V, VIN = 5V. EN = IN, TJ = -40C to +125C, CIN = 1F, COUT = 4.7F, CCRES = 1000pF, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER IN Operating Voltage IN Undervoltage-Lockout (UVLO) Threshold SYMBOL CONDITIONS VIN VUVLO MIN VIN rising 1.94 IN UVLO Hysteresis VIN = VOUT + 2V ILIM Ground Current IQ Dropout Voltage VIN - VOUT Load Regulation Line Regulation Power-Supply Rejection Ratio 2 MAX UNITS 5.5 V 2.2 V 45 Output-Voltage Accuracy Current Limit TYP 2.5 -2.5 +2.5 VOUT > 1.5V, IOUT = 1mA to 100mA -2.5 +2.5 OUT = GND PSRR % 105 150 IOUT = 100A 13 IOUT = 100mA 23 IOUT = 80mA, VOUT = 3.3V (Note 2) VOUT/IOUT IOUT = 1mA to 80mA VOUT/VIN IOUT = 80mA IOUT = 10mA, 500mVP-P, VIN VOUT > 1.5V mV VOUT 1.5V, IOUT = 1mA to 80mA 0.035 0.1 VOUT < 1V, 2.5V < VIN < 5.5V 0.4 VOUT 1V, (VOUT + 1.5V) < VIN < 5.5V 1.8 f = 100Hz 70 f = 100kHz 40 mA 20 A 0.1 V mV/mA mV/V dB _______________________________________________________________________________________ Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications (For devices with VOUT 1.5V, VIN = 3.3V. For devices with VOUT > 1.5V, VIN = 5V. EN = IN, TJ = -40C to +125C, CIN = 1F, COUT = 4.7F, CCRES = 1000pF, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 0.3 1 A EN Standby Current ISTB EN = GND ENH Circuit active ENL Circuit inactive Pullup Resistance REN-H VEN = 75% VIN 120 k Pulldown Resistance REN-L VEN = 25% VIN 120 k Threshold Accuracy VRES VOUT falling Threshold Hysteresis VRES,HYST Turn-On Delay From EN = high to VOUT = 100mV Logic Levels 10 s 70 30 %VIN RESET RESET Open-Drain Leakage 82.5 85.5 2.5 RESET = high impedance, VRESET = 5mV Output Low Voltage VRES,OL ILOAD = 250A RESET T ime o u t t RSOF F CRES = GND t DEGL IT CH VOUT < VRES O u tp u t D eg lit c h T ime 79.5 30 %VOUT %VOUT 200 nA 100 mV 80 ms 30 s C R ES Charge Current ICRES,UP 8 Discharge Current ICRES,DN 1 Threshold VCRES,THRS RESET goes from low to high impedance 575 10 12 A mA 600 625 mV T H E R MA L P R O T EC T I O N T h er mal- S h u td o w n Te mp er a tu r e Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis TSH DN + 1 65 C T SH DN 15 C Note 2: Limits are 100% production tested at TA = +25C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed by design. Note 3: Dropout voltage is defined as VIN - VOUT when VOUT is 2% below its value for VIN = VOUT + 2V. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX16999 DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) Typical Operating Characteristics (For devices with VOUT < 1.5V, VIN = 3.3V. For devices with VOUT > 1.5V, VIN = 5V. EN = IN, CIN = 1F, COUT = 4.7F, CCRES = 1000pF, TA = + 25C, unless otherwise noted.) 0.2 0.1 VOUT = 1V 0 VOUT = 0.5V -0.1 1.002 -0.2 IOUT = 1mA 1.000 0.999 0.998 0.997 0.996 -0.3 VOUT = 3.3V -0.4 IOUT = 50mA 0.995 IOUT = 100mA 20 40 60 80 0.1 0 -0.1 IOUT = 100mA -0.2 IOUT = 50mA -0.3 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 -50 5.5 0 50 GROUND-PIN CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE 20 15 VOUT = 1V VOUT = 0.5V 35 IOUT = 100mA 30 IOUT = 50mA 25 20 15 IOUT = 100mA 10 5 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 MAX16999 toc06 40 30 IOUT = 50mA 25 20 15 10 IOUT = 0.1mA IOUT = 1mA 5 IOUT = 0.1mA IOUT = 1mA VOUT = 1V 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 -50 6 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 LOAD CURRENT (mA) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (C) CURRENT LIMIT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs. FREQUENCY 155 150 145 140 80 60 70 60 50 40 130 3.5 4.0 4.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5.0 5.5 50 40 30 30 20 20 135 70 PSRR (dB) DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mA) 160 VOUT = 3.3V 90 80 MAX16999 toc08 100 MAX16999 toc07 165 MAX16999 toc09 10 VOUT = 0.5V 45 GROUND-PIN CURRENT (A) MAX16999 toc04 VOUT = 3.3V 25 MAX16999 toc05 GROUND-PIN CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE 50 150 100 GROUND-PIN CURRENT vs. LOAD CURRENT 170 4 IOUT = 0.1mA 0.2 TEMPERATURE (C) 30 3.0 0.3 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 35 2.5 IOUT = 1mA LOAD CURRENT (mA) 40 0 VOUT = 1V -0.5 2.5 100 GROUND-PIN CURRENT (A) 0 0.4 -0.4 0.994 -0.5 GROUND-PIN CURRENT (A) IOUT = 0.1mA 1.001 0.5 OUTPUT-VOLTAGE ACCURACY (%) 0.3 1.003 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.4 MAX16999 toc02 1.004 MAX16999 toc01 OUTPUT-VOLTAGE ACCURACY (%) 0.5 OUTPUT-VOLTAGE ACCURACY vs. TEMPERATURE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE MAX16999 toc03 OUTPUT-VOLTAGE ACCURACY vs. LOAD CURRENT CURRENT LIMIT (mA) MAX16999 Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications 10 10 0 0 VOUT = 0.5V, IOUT = 10mA 0 25 50 75 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 125 150 0.01 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 100 1000 Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE NEAR DROPOUT LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX16999 toc10 MAX16999 toc11 4V VIN 1.6V 3.5V VIN 100mV/div AC-COUPLED VOUT 0.6V 200mV/div AC-COUPLED VOUT VOUT = 0.5V VOUT = 0.5V 200s/div 200s/div LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE NEAR DROPOUT LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX16999 toc12 MAX16999 toc13 50mA/div 50mA/div IOUT 0 IOUT 0 VOUT 100mV/div AC-COUPLED VOUT 100mV/div AC-COUPLED VOUT = 3.3V VOUT = 3.3V, VIN = VOUT + 50mV 200s/div 200s/div SHUTDOWN RESPONSE RESET/ENABLE RESPONSE MAX16999 toc14 MAX16999 toc15 5V VEN 0 5V VEN 0 VOUT 1V 0 1V VOUT 5V VRESET 0 VOUT = 1V, IOUT = 50mA 100s/div 0 VOUT = 1V, IOUT = 50mA, CCRES = 15,000pF 400s/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX16999 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (For devices with VOUT < 1.5V, VIN = 3.3V. For devices with VOUT > 1.5V, VIN = 5V. EN = IN, CIN = 1F, COUT = 4.7F, CCRES = 1000pF, TA = + 25C, unless otherwise noted.) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (For devices with VOUT < 1.5V, VIN = 3.3V. For devices with VOUT > 1.5V, VIN = 5V. EN = IN, CIN = 1F, COUT = 4.7F, CCRES = 1000pF, TA = + 25C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX16999 toc16 20 VIN 2V/div 0 VOUT 500mV/div 0 VRESET 5V CRES PULLUP CURRENT (A) 18 0 MAX16999 toc17 CRES PULLUP CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE LINE/RESET RESPONSE VOUT = 1V, CCRES = 15,000pF 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 VOUT = 0.5V, IOUT = 50mA, CCRES = 15,000pF 0 -50 2ms/div -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C) RESET TIMEOUT vs. CRES CAPACITANCE SHORT-CIRCUIT RESPONSE MAX16999 toc19 MAX16999 toc18 30 25 RESET TIMEOUT (ms) MAX16999 Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications VOUT 5V 0 VRESET 5V 20 15 0 10 5A 5 IOUT 0 VOUT = 3.3V 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 200s/div CRES CAPACITANCE (nF) Pin Description PIN NAME 1, 2 OUT Regulator Output. Bypass OUT to GND with a 4.7F ceramic capacitor. OUT becomes high impedance when EN is low. 3 CRES POR Timer. Bypass CRES to GND with a ceramic capacitor to define POR timing (see the POR Timer section). 4 RESET Open-Drain, Active-Low Reset Output. RESET is high impedance when output is in regulation or if the IC is in shutdown. RESET is pulled low when VOUT drops below 82.5% (typ) of its nominal voltage. 5 GND 6 EN 7, 8 IN Regulator Input. Bypass IN to GND with at least a 1F ceramic capacitor. EP Exposed Paddle. Connect EP to a large pad or circuit board ground plane to maximize power dissipation. EP serves as a heatsink. -- 6 FUNCTION Ground. Connect GND to a large circuit board ground plane and directly to the exposed paddle. Active-High Enable Input. Drive EN low to place the regulator in standby mode. Drive EN high or connect to IN for normal operation. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications MAX16999 ERROR AMPLIFIER IN VREF MAX16999 OUT POR COMPARATOR GND ICRES,UP (10A) 20s DEGLITCH EP 0.825 x VREF CRES ICRES,DOWN (10mA) EN 100k CRES COMPARATOR LOGIC CONTROL VCRES,THRS RESET COUNTER (100ms) Figure 1. Block Diagram _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX16999 Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications Detailed Description The MAX16999 is a low-quiescent-current linear regulator designed for applications requiring high reliability, such as automotive applications. This device can supply loads up to 100mA and is available in factory-preset output voltages from 0.5V to 3.3V (see the Selector Guide). As illustrated in Figure 1, the MAX16999 linear regulator consists of a reference, an error amplifier, a p-channel MOSFET pass transistor, and an internal feedback voltage-divider. A power-on reset section signals if the output voltage has come out of regulation. The reset signal timeout is defined by the charging time of an external capacitor attached to CRES. To increase system reliability, the MAX16999 features a POR reset timeout along with overcurrent and overtemperature protection. A power-on reset timeout guarantees startup even with a faulty timing capacitor. Parameters are guaranteed up to +125C junction temperature. The EN signal is latched in its last state even if the signal line becomes disconnected. Logic-Controlled Enable The MAX16999 provides a logic-enable input (EN). For normal operation drive EN to logic-high. When EN is driven high, the linear regulator starts to regulate by increasing the output voltage up to the preset value. To disable the device, drive EN low to set OUT to high impedance--this enables a pulldown current from CRES to discharge the capacitor. Once the device is disabled, the input supply current reduces to less than 0.3A. The EN input is latched into its last state by a 120k internal resistor. To change state, the latch needs to be overridden. When EN is low, the RESET output is high impedance. POR Timer Once the output voltage rises above the threshold VRES, two internal timers are simultaneously activated. The reset timer is realized by means of a pullup current ICRES,UP that charges the capacitor connected to CRES. As soon as the voltage on CRES rises above the threshold of 600mV (typ), RESET goes high impedance. 8 The internal reset timer is set by the value of the external capacitance (C CRES ). Calculate the reset time using the following formula: tPOR _ DELAY = CCRES x 60 x 103 V A where CCRES is in Farads and the delay to GND is given in seconds. The second timer is an internal fault timer and ensures the regulator does not stay off indefinitely because of a fault on CRES such as a short. The fault timer runs for a maximum of 100ms. A logic block monitors both internal timers to determine the shortest timeout. If the first timeout is the fault timer, the pullup current is switched off in order to avoid unnecessary current consumption and a resistive pulldown is also activated. If tPOR_DELAY exceeds 100ms (typ) the fault timer defines the timeout behavior. Current Limit Once the output voltage reaches regulation, the output current is limited to 150mA (typ). If the output current exceeds the current limit, the output voltage begins to decrease. Thermal-Overload Protection Thermal-overload protection limits total power dissipation in the MAX16999. When the junction temperature exceeds +165C, a thermal sensor turns off the pass transistor, allowing the IC to cool. The thermal sensor turns the pass transistor on again after the junction temperature cools by 15C, resulting in a pulsed output during continuous thermal-overload conditions. Thermal-overload protection safeguards the MAX16999 in the event of fault conditions. For continuous operation, do not exceed the absolute maximum junctiontemperature rating of +150C. Table 1 lists maximum DC output currents (milliamps) that are allowed for operation at TA = +125C without causing thermal shutdown of the MAX16999. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications SINGLE-LAYER BOARD VOUT (V) MULTILAYER BOARD VIN = 3.3V (mA) VIN = 5V (mA) VIN = 5V (mA) 0.5 92 57 72 0.6 95 59 73 0.7 99 60 75 0.8 100 61 77 0.9 100 63 79 1.0 100 64 81 1.1 100 66 83 1.2 100 68 85 1.5 100 74 92 1.8 100 81 100 2.5 100 100 100 3.3 100 100 100 Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) Before the MAX16999 can operate, the input voltage must exceed the UVLO threshold of 2.2V (max) with a 30mV hysteresis. If the input voltage is below the UVLO threshold, OUT becomes high impedance and EN is ignored regardless if it is driven high or low. Capacitor Selection Capacitors are required at the MAX16999 input and output for stable operation over the full temperature range and with load currents up to 100mA. Connect a 1F ceramic capacitor between IN and GND and a 4.7F ceramic capacitor between OUT and GND. The input capacitor (CIN) lowers the source impedance of the input supply. Use larger output capacitors to reduce noise and improve stability and power-supply rejection. The output capacitor's equivalent series resistance (ESR) affects stability and output noise. Use output capacitors with an ESR of 30m or less to ensure stability and optimize transient response. Surface-mount ceramic capacitors have very low ESR and are commonly available in values up to 10F. Connect CIN and COUT as close to the MAX16999 as possible to minimize the impact of the PCB trace inductance. Using MAX16999 in Parallel with Another Supply The MAX16999 can be used in parallel with another supply of equal voltage (see Figure 2). The circuit shows a typical low-power solution for a C. 4V TO 36V 3.3V, 1A LOW-IQ INTERFACE SUPPLY MAX1745 TO C 1.2V, 3A CORE SUPPLY MAX8693 1.2V LOW-IQ CORE BYPASS MAX16999 Figure 2. Low-Quiescent C Supply Solution _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX16999 Applications Information Table 1. Output Currents at TA = +125C MAX16999 Ultra-Low Output Voltage, Low-Quiescent-Current Linear Regulator for High-Temperature Applications Selector Guide SUFFIX VOUT (V) TOP MARK 05* 0.5 APM 06 0.6 APN 07 0.7 APO 08 0.8 APP Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS Package Information For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. 09 0.9 APQ 10* 1.0 APR PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO. 11 1.1 APS 8 MAX-EP U8E+2 21-0107 12 1.2 APT 13 1.3 APU 15 1.5 APV 18 1.8 APW 25 2.5 APX 33* 3.3 APY *Bold indicates a standard value. For other values, contact factory for availability. (Nonstandard options require a 5k minimum quantity order). Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 10 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 (c) 2008 Maxim Integrated Products Heaney is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.