TL494C, TL494I, TL494M, TL494Y PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074A - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED AUGUST 1995 * * * * * Complete PWM Power Control Circuitry TL494C, TL494I . . . D, N, OR PW PACKAGE TL494M . . . J PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source Current Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation 1IN + 1 16 2IN + 1IN - 2 15 2IN - FEEDBACK 3 14 REF DTC 4 13 OUTPUT CTRL CT 5 12 RT 6 11 VCC C2 GND 7 10 E2 C1 8 9 E1 Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either Output Variable Dead Time Provides Control Over Total Range Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V Reference Supply With 5% Tolerance TL494M . . . FK PACKAGE Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization (TOP VIEW) 1IN- 1IN+ NC 2IN+ 2IN- * * description FEEDBACK DTC NC CT RT The TL494 contains two error amplifiers, an on-chip adjustable oscillator, a dead-time control (DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a 5-V, 5%-precision regulator, and output-control circuits. 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 5 17 6 16 7 15 8 14 9 10 11 12 13 REF OUTPUT CTRL NC VCC C2 GND C1 NC E1 E2 The TL494 incorporates on a single monolithic chip all the functions required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation control circuit. Designed primarily for power supply control, this device offers the systems engineer the flexibility to tailor the power supply control circuitry to a specific application. NC - No internal connection FUNCTION TABLE The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode voltage range from - 0.3 V to VCC - 2 V. The dead-time control comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time. The on-chip oscillator may be bypassed by terminating RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT, or it may drive the common circuits in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies. INPUT TO OUTPUT CTRL OUTPUT FUNCTION VI = GND VI = Vref Single-ended or parallel output Normal push-pull operation AVAILABLE OPTIONS PACKAGED DEVICES CHIP FORM (Y) TA SURFACE MOUNT (D) CHIP CARRIER (FK) CERAMIC DIP (J) PLASTIC DIP (N) SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE (PW) 0C to 70C TL494CD -- -- TL494CN TL494CPW TL494Y - 40C to 85C TL494ID -- -- TL494IN -- -- -- -- - 55C to 125C -- TL494MFK TL494MJ -- The D package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g., TL494CDR). The PW package is only available left-end taped and reeled. Copyright 1995, Texas Instruments Incorporated PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. On products compliant to MIL-STD-883, Class B, all parameters are tested unless otherwise noted. On all other products, production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 4-1 TL494C, TL494I, TL494M, TL494Y PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074A - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED AUGUST 1995 description (continued) The uncommitted output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability. The TL494 provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation, which may be selected through the outputcontrol function. The architecture of this device prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during push-pull operation. The TL494C is characterized for operation from 0C to 70C. The TL494I is characterized for operation from - 40C to 85C. The TL494M is characterized for operation from - 55C to 125C. functional block diagram OUTPUT CTRL (see Function Table) 13 6 RT 5 CT DTC 4 Oscillator Dead-Time Control Comparator 0.1 V 1IN+ 1IN- 2 8 9 Q2 PWM Comparator 11 10 + 12 16 2IN- 15 3 Reference Regulator - 0.7 mA NOTE A. The terminal numbers indicated apply only to the D, J, N, and PW packages. 4-2 C2 E2 VCC + 14 7 FEEDBACK E1 Pulse-Steering Flip-Flop - Error Amplifier 2 2IN+ C1 C1 Error Amplifier 1 1 Q1 1D POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 REF GND TL494C, TL494I, TL494M, TL494Y PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074A - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED AUGUST 1995 TL494Y chip information This chip, when properly assembled, display characteristics similar to the TL494C. Thermal compression or ultrasonic bonding may be used on the doped aluminum bonding pads. The chips may be mounted with conductive epoxy or a gold-silicon preform. BONDING PAD ASSIGNMENTS (13) (14) (12) (15) (11) (16) CHIP THICKNESS: 15 MILS TYPICAL (10) 80 (9) BONDING PADS: 4 x 4 MILS MINIMUM TJmax = 150C TOLERANCES ARE 10%. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILS. (1) (8) (2) (3) (7) (6) (5) (4) 94 1IN+ 1IN - FEEDBACK DTC CT RT GND C1 (1) (16) (2) (15) (3) (14) (4) (13) (5) TL494Y (12) (6) (11) (7) (10) (8) (9) POST OFFICE BOX 655303 2IN+ 2IN - REF OUTPUT CTRL VCC C2 E2 E1 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 4-3 TL494C, TL494I, TL494M, TL494Y PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074A - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED AUGUST 1995 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) TL494C TL494I TL494M UNIT 41 41 41 V VCC + 0.3 41 VCC + 0.3 41 VCC + 0.3 41 V Collector output voltage, VO Collector output current, IO 250 250 250 mA Supply voltage, VCC (see Note 1) Amplifier input voltage, VI Continuous total power dissipation V See Dissipation Rating Table 0 to 70 - 40 to 85 -55 to 125 C - 65 to 150 - 65 to 150 - 65 to 150 C -- -- 260 C 260 260 -- C Operating free-air temperature range, TA Storage temperature range, Tstg Case temperature for 60 seconds, TC: FK package Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds: D, N, or PW package Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds: J package -- -- 300 C Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTE 1: All voltage values, except differential voltages, are with respect to the network ground terminal. DISSIPATION RATING TABLE TA 25C POWER RATING D 900 mW 7.6 mW/C DERATE ABOVE TA 25C 558 mW 444 mW -- FK 1375 mW 11.0 mW/C 25C 880 mW 715 mW 275 mW 275 mW PACKAGE DERATING FACTOR TA = 70C POWER RATING TA = 85C POWER RATING TA = 125C POWER RATING J 1375 mW 11.0 mW/C 25C 880 mW 715 mW N 1000 mW 9.2 mW/C 41C 733 mW 595 mW -- PW 700 mW 5.6 mW/C 25C 448 mW -- -- recommended operating conditions TL494C MIN Supply voltage, VCC Amplifier input voltage, VI TL494I MAX MIN TL494M MAX MIN MAX UNIT 7 40 7 40 7 40 V - 0.3 VCC - 2 40 - 0.3 VCC - 2 40 - 0.3 VCC - 2 40 V Collector output voltage, VO V Collector output current (each transistor) 200 200 200 mA Current into feedback terminal 0.3 0.3 0.3 mA kHz Oscillator frequency, fosc Timing capacitor, CT Timing resistor, RT Operating free-air temperature, TA 4-4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 1 300 1 300 1 300 0.47 10 000 0.47 10 000 0.47 10 000 nF 1.8 500 1.8 500 1.8 500 k 0 70 - 40 85 - 55 125 C * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL494C, TL494I, TL494M, TL494Y PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074A - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED AUGUST 1995 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted) reference section Output voltage (REF) Input regulation Output regulation TL494C, TL494I TEST CONDITIONS PARAMETER IO = 1 mA VCC = 7 V to 40 V Output voltage change with temperature IO = 1 mA to 10 mA TA = MIN to MAX Short-circuit output current REF = 0 V TL494M TYP UNIT MIN TYP MAX MIN 4.75 5 5.25 4.75 5 5.25 2 25 2 25 mV 1 15 1 15 mV 2 10 2 30* mV/V MAX - 25 25 V mA * On products compliant to MIL-STD-883, Class B, this parameter is not production tested. For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C. Duration of the short circuit should not exceed one second. oscillator section, CT = 0.01 F, RT = 12 k (see Figure 1) TL494C, TL494I TEST CONDITIONS PARAMETER MIN TYP Frequency Standard deviation of frequency All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant Frequency change with voltage VCC = 7 V to 40 V, TA = MIN to MAX Frequency change with temperature# TA = 25C MAX TL494M MIN TYP MAX UNIT 10 10 kHz 100 100 Hz/kHz 1 Hz/kHz 1 10 * On products compliant to MIL-STD-883, Class B, this parameter is not production tested. For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C. Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula: # Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor not taken into account. s + 10* n Hz/kHz * X) + N*1 N (x n 2 1 error amplifier section (see Figure 2) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TL494C, TL494I TL494M MIN Input offset voltage Input offset current VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V Input bias current VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V VCC = 7 V to 40 V Open-loop voltage amplification VO = 3 V, RL = 2 k, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V RL = 2 k 70 UNIT MAX 2 10 mV 25 250 nA 0.2 1 A - 0.3 to VCC - 2 Common-mode input voltage range Unity-gain bandwidth TYP V 95 dB 800 kHz 65 80 dB V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V 0.3 0.7 mA Output source current (FEEDBACK) VID = 15 mV to 5 V, V (FEEDBACK) = 3.5 V All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C. -2 Common-mode rejection ratio Output sink current (FEEDBACK) VO = 40 V, TA = 25C VID = - 15 mV to - 5 V, POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 mA 4-5 TL494C, TL494I, TL494M, TL494Y PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074A - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED AUGUST 1995 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz, TA = 25C (unless otherwise noted) reference section TL494Y TEST CONDITIONS PARAMETER Output voltage (REF) MIN TYP UNIT MAX IO = 1 mA VCC = 7 V to 40 V 5 V Input regulation 2 mV Output regulation IO = 1 mA to 10 mA 1 mV Short-circuit output current REF = 0 V 25 mA oscillator section, CT = 0.01 F, RT = 12 k (see Figure 1) TL494Y TEST CONDITIONS PARAMETER MIN TYP Frequency Standard deviation of frequency All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant Frequency change with voltage VCC = 7 V to 40 V, UNIT MAX 10 kHz 100 Hz/kHz 1 Hz/kHz TA = 25C error amplifier section (see Figure 2) TL494Y PARAMETER Input offset voltage Input offset current Input bias current Open-loop voltage amplification Unity-gain bandwidth Common-mode rejection ratio TEST CONDITIONS MIN VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V VO = 3 V, RL = 2 k, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, VO = 40 V, TA = 25C VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V RL = 2 k Output sink current (FEEDBACK) VID = - 15 mV to - 5 V, V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C. Duration of the short circuit should not exceed one second. Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula: s 4-6 TYP POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 + MAX UNIT 2 mV 25 nA 0.2 A 95 dB 800 kHz 80 dB mA n 0.7 N +1 * X) N*1 (x n 2 TL494C, TL494I, TL494M, TL494Y PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074A - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED AUGUST 1995 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted) output section PARAMETER TL494C, TL494I TL494M, TL494Y TEST CONDITIONS MIN Collector off-state current Emitter off-state current Collector emitter saturation voltage Collector-emitter Common emitter Emitter follower VCE = 40 V, VCC = VC = 40 V, VCC = 40 V VE = 0 VE = 0, VO(C1 or C2) = 15 V, IC = 200 mA IE = - 200 mA TYP 2 UNIT MAX 100 A - 100 A 1.1 1.3 1.5 2.5 Output control input current VI = Vref All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at TA = 25C. 3.5 V mA dead-time control section (see Figure 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TL494C, TL494I TL494Y MIN Input bias current (DEAD-TIME CTRL) Maximum duty cycle, each output VI = 0 to 5.25 V VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 0, CT = 0.1 F, RT = 12 k TYP MAX -2 - 10 3 Maximum duty cycle MIN 45% Zero duty cycle Input threshold voltage (DEAD-TIME (DEAD TIME CTRL) TL494M 3.3 UNIT TYP MAX -2 - 10 45% 50%* 3 3.3 V 0* 0 A * On products compliant to MIL-STD-883, Class B, this parameter is not production tested. All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at TA = 25C. PWM comparator section (see Figure 1) PARAMETER TL494C, TL494I TL494M, TL494Y TEST CONDITIONS Input threshold voltage (FEEDBACK) Zero duty cycle Input sink current (FEEDBACK) V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V UNIT MIN TYP MAX 4 4.5 0.3 0.7 V mA All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at TA = 25C. total device PARAMETER TL494C, TL494I TL494Y TEST CONDITIONS MIN Standby supply current RT = Vref, All other inputs and outputs open MAX 10 6 21 15 9 26 MAX 6 9 Average supply current VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 2 V, See Figure 1 All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at TA = 25C. * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 7.5 UNIT TYP TYP VCC = 15 V VCC = 40 V POST OFFICE BOX 655303 TL494M MIN 7.5 mA mA 4-7 TL494C, TL494I, TL494M, TL494Y PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074A - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED AUGUST 1995 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted) (continued) switching characteristics, TA = 25C PARAMETER Rise time Fall time Rise time Fall time TL494C, TL494I TL494Y MIN TYP MAX TEST CONDITIONS Common emitter configuration Common-emitter configuration, Emitter-follower configuration, configuration See Figure 3 See Figure 4 * On products compliant to MIL-STD-883, Class B, this parameter is not production tested. All typical values except for temperature coefficient are at TA = 25C. 4-8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 TL494M MIN UNIT TYP MAX 100 200 100 200* ns 25 100 25 100* ns 100 200 100 200* ns 40 100 40 100* ns TL494C, TL494I, TL494M, TL494Y PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074A - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED AUGUST 1995 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC = 15 V 150 2W 12 VCC 4 Test Inputs 3 12 k 6 5 FEEDBACK E1 RT C2 CT 0.01 F 1 8 C1 DTC 150 2W Output 1 9 11 Output 2 10 E2 1IN + 2 16 15 13 1IN - 2IN + Error Amplifiers 2IN - OUTPUT CTRL 14 REF GND 50 k 7 TEST CIRCUIT VCC Voltage at C1 0V VCC Voltage at C2 0V Voltage at CT Threshold Voltage DTC 0V Threshold Voltage FEEDBACK 0.7 V Duty Cycle MAX 0% 0% VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS Figure 1. Operational Test Circuit and Waveforms POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 4-9 TL494C, TL494I, TL494M, TL494Y PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074A - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED AUGUST 1995 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION Amplifier Under Test + VI FEEDBACK - + Vref - Other Amplifier Figure 2. Amplifier Characteristics 15 V Each Output Circuit 68 2W tf Output tr 90% 90% CL = 15 pF (See Note A) TEST CIRCUIT NOTE A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. 10% 10% OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM Figure 3. Common-Emitter Configuration 15 V Each Output Circuit Output CL = 15 pF (See Note A) 90% 90% 10% 10% 68 2W tr OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM TEST CIRCUIT NOTE A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. Figure 4. Emitter-Follower Configuration 4-10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 tf TL494C, TL494I, TL494M, TL494Y PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS SLVS074A - JANUARY 1983 - REVISED AUGUST 1995 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS f - Oscillator Frequency and Frequency Variation - Hz OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY AND FREQUENCY VARIATION vs TIMING RESISTANCE 100 k VCC = 15 V TA = 25C 40 k - 2% 0.001 F -1% 10 k 0.01 F 0% 4k 0.1 F 1k 400 f = 1% 100 CT = 1 F 40 10 1k 4k 10 k 40 k 100 k RT - Timing Resistance - 400 k 1M Figure 5 Frequency variation (f) is the change in oscillator frequency that occurs over the full temperature range. AMPLIFIER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs FREQUENCY A - Amplifier Voltage Amplification - dB 100 VCC = 15 V VO = 3 V TA = 25C 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1k 10 k 100 k 1M f - Frequency - Hz Figure 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 * DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 4-11