3 MSPS, 12-/10-/8-Bit
ADCs in 6-Lead TSOT
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C
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FEATURES
Throughput rate: 3 MSPS
Specified for VDD of 2.35 V to 3.6 V
Power consumption
12.6 mW at 3 MSPS with 3 V supplies
Wide input bandwidth
70 dB SNR at 1 MHz input frequency
Flexible power/serial clock speed management
No pipeline delays
High speed serial interface
SPI®-/QSPI™-/MICROWIRE™-/DSP-compatible
Temperature range: −40°C to +125°C
Power-down mode: 0.1 μA typical
6-lead TSOT package
8-lead MSOP package
AD7476 and AD7476A pin-compatible
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 are 12-/10-/8-bit, high speed,
low power, successive approximation analog-to-digital converters
(ADCs), respectively. The parts operate from a single 2.35 V
to 3.6 V power supply and feature throughput rates of up to
3 MSPS. The parts contain a low noise, wide bandwidth track-
and-hold amplifier that can handle input frequencies in excess
of 55 MHz.
The conversion process and data acquisition are controlled
using CS and the serial clock, allowing the devices to interface
with microprocessors or DSPs. The input signal is sampled on
the falling edge of CS, and the conversion is also initiated at this
point. There are no pipeline delays associated with the part.
The AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 use advanced design techniques
to achieve very low power dissipation at high throughput rates.
The reference for the part is taken internally from VDD. This
allows the widest dynamic input range to the ADC; therefore,
the analog input range for the part is 0 to VDD. The conversion
rate is determined by the SCLK.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
04903-001
T/H
CONTROL
LOGIC
12-/10-/8-BIT
SUCCESSIVE
APPROXIMATION
ADC
GND
V
DD
AD7276/
AD7277/
AD7278
V
IN
SCLK
SDATA
CS
Figure 1.
Table 1.
Part Number Resolution Package
AD7276 12 8-Lead MSOP 6-Lead TSOT
AD7277 10 8-Lead MSOP 6-Lead TSOT
AD7278 8 8-Lead MSOP 6-Lead TSOT
AD72741 12 8-Lead MSOP 8-Lead TSOT
AD72731 10 8-Lead MSOP 8-Lead TSOT
1 Part contains external reference pin.
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
1. 3 MSPS ADCs in a 6-lead TSOT package.
2. AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 and AD7476A/AD7477A/
AD7478A pin-compatible.
3. High throughput with low power consumption.
4. Flexible power/serial clock speed management. This allows
maximum power efficiency at low throughput rates.
5. Reference derived from the power supply.
6. No pipeline delay. The parts feature a standard successive
approximation ADC with accurate control of the sampling
instant via a CS input and once-off conversion control.
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 2 of 28
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1
General Description......................................................................... 1
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1
Product Highlights ........................................................................... 1
Revision History ............................................................................... 2
Specifications..................................................................................... 3
AD7276 Specifications................................................................. 3
AD7277 Specifications................................................................. 5
AD7278 Specifications................................................................. 7
Timing Specifications—AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 ............... 8
Timing Examples........................................................................ 10
Absolute Maximum Ratings.......................................................... 11
ESD Caution................................................................................ 11
Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions ......................... 12
Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 13
Terminology .................................................................................... 15
Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 16
Circuit Information.................................................................... 16
Converter Operation.................................................................. 16
ADC Transfer Function............................................................. 16
Typical Connection Diagram ................................................... 16
Modes of Operation ................................................................... 18
Power vs. Throughput Rate....................................................... 21
Serial Interface ................................................................................ 22
AD7278 in a 10 SCLK Cycle Serial Interface.......................... 24
Microprocessor Interfacing....................................................... 24
Application Hints ........................................................................... 25
Grounding and Layout .............................................................. 25
Evaluating Performance.............................................................. 25
Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 26
Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 27
REVISION HISTORY
5/11—Rev. B to Rev. C
Changes to Figure 21...................................................................... 16
Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 27
Changes to Endnote 5 .................................................................... 27
11/09—Rev. A to Rev. B
Changes to Table 2............................................................................ 3
Changes to Table 3............................................................................ 5
Changes to Table 4............................................................................ 7
Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 27
10/05—Rev. 0 to Rev. A
Updated Format..................................................................Universal
Changes to Table 2............................................................................ 3
Changes to Table 5............................................................................ 8
Changes to the Partial Power-Down Mode Section .................. 18
Changes to the Power vs. Throughput Rate Section.................. 21
Updated Outline Dimensions....................................................... 26
Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 26
7/05—Revision 0: Initial Version
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 3 of 28
SPECIFICATIONS
AD7276 SPECIFICATIONS
VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, B Grade and A Grade: fSCLK = 48 MHz, fSAMPLE = 3 MSPS, Y Grade:1 fSCLK = 16 MHz, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS, TA = TMIN to
TMAX, unless otherwise noted.
Table 2.
Parameter A Grade2, 3 B, Y Grade2,3 Unit Test Conditions/Comments
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE fIN = 1 MHz sine wave, B Grade
f
IN = 100 kHz sine wave, Y Grade
Signal-to-Noise + Distortion (SINAD)4 68 68 dB min
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) 69 69 dB min
70 70 dB typ
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)4 −73 −73 dB max
−78 −78 dB typ
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise (SFDR)4 −80 −80 dB typ
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)4
Second-Order Terms −82 −82 dB typ fa = 1 MHz, fb = 0.97 MHz
Third-Order Terms −82 −82 dB typ fa = 1 MHz, fb = 0.97 MHz
Aperture Delay 5 5 ns typ
Aperture Jitter 18 18 ps typ
Full Power Bandwidth 55 55 MHz typ @ 3 dB
8 8 MHz typ @ 0.1 dB
DC ACCURACY
Resolution 12 12 Bits
Integral Nonlinearity4 ±1.5 ±1 LSB max
Differential Nonlinearity4 +1/−0.99 +1/−0.99 LSB max Guaranteed no missed codes to 12 bits
Offset Error4 ±4 ±3 LSB max
Gain Error4 ±3.5 ±3.5 LSB max
Total Unadjusted Error4 (TUE) ±5 ±3.5 LSB max
ANALOG INPUT
Input Voltage Ranges 0 to VDD 0 to VDD V
DC Leakage Current ±1 ±1 μA max −40°C to +85°C
±5.5 ±5.5 μA max 85°C to 125°C
Input Capacitance 42 42 pF typ When in track
10 10 pF typ When in hold
LOGIC INPUTS
Input High Voltage, VINH 1.7 1.7 V min 2.35 V ≤ VDD ≤ 2.7 V
2 2 V min 2.7 V < VDD ≤ 3.6 V
Input Low Voltage, VINL 0.7 0.7 V max 2.35 V ≤ VDD ≤ 2.7 V
0.8 0.8 V max 2.7 V < VDD ≤ 3.6 V
Input Current, IIN ±1 ±1 μA max Typically 10 nA, VIN = 0 V or VDD
Input Capacitance, CIN 5 2 2 pF typ
LOGIC OUTPUTS
Output High Voltage, VOH V
DD − 0.2 VDD − 0.2 V min ISOURCE = 200 μA, VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V
Output Low Voltage, VOL 0.2 0.2 V max ISINK = 200 μA
Floating-State Leakage Current ±2.5 ±2.5 μA max
Floating-State Output Capacitance5 4.5 4.5 pF typ
Output Coding Straight (natural) binary
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 4 of 28
Parameter A Grade2, 3 B, Y Grade2,3 Unit Test Conditions/Comments
CONVERSION RATE
Conversion Time 291 291 ns max 14 SCLK cycles with SCLK at 48 MHz, B Grade
875 875 ns max 14 SCLK cycles with SCLK at 16 MHz, Y Grade
Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time4 60 60 ns min
Throughput Rate 3 3 MSPS max See the Serial Interface section
POWER REQUIREMENTS
VDD 2.35/3.6 2.35/3.6 V min/max
IDD Digital I/Ps 0 V or VDD
Normal Mode (Static) 1 1 mA typ VDD = 3.6 V, SCLK on or off
Normal Mode (Operational) 5.5 5.5 mA max VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, fSAMPLE = 3 MSPS, B Grade
2.5 2.5 mA max VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS, Y Grade
4.2 4.2 mA typ VDD = 3 V, fSAMPLE = 3 MSPS, B Grade
1.6 1.6 mA typ VDD = 3 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS, Y Grade
Partial Power-Down Mode (Static) 34 34 μA typ
Full Power-Down Mode (Static) 2 2 μA max −40°C to +85°C, typically 0.1 μA
10 10 μA max 85°C to 125°C
Power Dissipation6
Normal Mode (Operational) 19.8 19.8 mW max VDD = 3.6 V, fSAMPLE = 3 MSPS, B Grade
9 9 mW max VDD = 3.6 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS, Y Grade
12.6 12.6 mW typ VDD = 3 V, fSAMPLE = 3 MSPS, B Grade
4.8 4.8 mW typ VDD = 3 V, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS, Y Grade
Partial Power-Down 102 102 μW typ VDD = 3 V
Full Power-Down 7.2 7.2 μW max VDD = 3.6 V, −40°C to +85°C
1 Y Grade specifications are guaranteed by characterization.
2 Temperature range from −40°C to +125°C.
3 Typical specifications are tested with VDD = 3 V and at 25°C.
4 See the Terminology section.
5 Guaranteed by characterization.
6 See the Power vs. Throughput Rate section.
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 5 of 28
AD7277 SPECIFICATIONS
VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, fSCLK = 48 MHz, fSAMPLE = 3 MSPS, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.
Table 3.
Parameter A Grade1, 2 B Grade1, 2 Unit Test Conditions/Comments
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE fIN = 1 MHz sine wave
Signal-to-Noise + Distortion (SINAD)3 60.5 60.5 dB min
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)3 −70 −1 dB max
−76 −76 dB typ
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise (SFDR)3 −80 −80 dB typ
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)3
Second-Order Terms −82 −82 dB typ fa = 1 MHz, fb = 0.97 MHz
Third-Order Terms −82 −82 dB typ fa = 1 MHz, fb = 0.97 MHz
Aperture Delay 5 5 ns typ
Aperture Jitter 18 18 ps typ
Full Power Bandwidth 74 74 MHz typ @ 3 dB
10 10 MHz typ @ 0.1 dB
DC ACCURACY
Resolution 10 10 Bits
Integral Nonlinearity3 ±0.5 ±0.5 LSB max
Differential Nonlinearity3 ±0.5 ±0.5 LSB max Guaranteed no missed codes to 10 bits
Offset Error3 ±1.5 ±1 LSB max
Gain Error3 ±2 ±1.5 LSB max
Total Unadjusted Error (TUE)3 ±2.5 ±2.5 LSB max
ANALOG INPUT
Input Voltage Ranges 0 to VDD 0 to VDD V
DC Leakage Current ±1 ±1 μA max −40°C to +85°C
±5.5 ±5.5 μA max 85°C to 125°C
Input Capacitance 42 42 pF typ When in track
10 10 pF typ When in hold
LOGIC INPUTS
Input High Voltage, VINH 1.7 1.7 V min 2.35 V ≤ VDD ≤ 2.7 V
2 2 V min 2.7 V < VDD ≤ 3.6 V
Input Low Voltage, VINL 0.7 0.7 V max 2.35 V ≤ VDD ≤ 2.7 V
0.8 0.8 V max 2.7 V < VDD ≤ 3.6 V
Input Current, IIN ±1 ±1 μA max Typically 10 nA, VIN = 0 V or VDD
Input Capacitance, CIN 4 2 2 pF typ
LOGIC OUTPUTS
Output High Voltage, VOH V
DD − 0.2 VDD − 0.2 V min ISOURCE = 200 μA, VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V
Output Low Voltage, VOL 0.2 0.2 V max ISINK = 200 μA
Floating-State Leakage Current ±2.5 ±2.5 μA max
Floating-State Output Capacitance4 4.5 4.5 pF typ
Output Coding Straight (natural) binary
CONVERSION RATE
Conversion Time 250 250 ns max 12 SCLK cycles with SCLK at 48 MHz
Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time3 60 60 ns min
Throughput Rate 3.45 3.45 MSPS max SCLK at 48 MHz
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 6 of 28
Parameter A Grade1, 2 B Grade1, 2 Unit Test Conditions/Comments
POWER REQUIREMENTS
VDD 2.35/3.6 2.35/3.6 V min/max
IDD Digital I/Ps 0 V or VDD
Normal Mode (Static) 0.6 0.6 mA typ VDD = 3.6 V, SCLK on or off
Normal Mode (Operational) 5.5 5.5 mA max VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, fSAMPLE = 3 MSPS
3.5 3.5 mA typ VDD = 3 V
Partial Power-Down Mode (Static) 34 34 μA typ
Full Power-Down Mode (Static) 2 2 μA max −40°C to +85°C, typically 0.1 μA
10 10 μA max 85°C to 125°C
Power Dissipation5
Normal Mode (Operational) 19.8 19.8 mW max VDD = 3.6 V, fSAMPLE = 3 MSPS
10.5 10.5 mW typ VDD = 3 V
Partial Power-Down 102 102 μW typ VDD = 3 V
Full Power-Down 7.2 7.2 μW max VDD = 3.6 V, −40°C to +85°C
1 Temperature range from −40°C to +125°C.
2 Typical specifications are tested with VDD = 3 V and at 25°C.
3 See the Terminology section.
4 Guaranteed by characterization.
5 See the Power vs. Throughput Rate section.
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 7 of 28
AD7278 SPECIFICATIONS
VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, fSCLK = 48 MHz, fSAMPLE = 3 MSPS, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.
Table 4.
Parameter A Grade1, 2 B Grade1, 2 Unit Test Conditions/Comments
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE fIN = 1 MHz sine wave
Signal-to-Noise + Distortion (SINAD)3 49 49 dB min
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)3 −66 −67 dB max
−73 −73 dB typ
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise (SFDR)3 −69 −69 dB typ
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)3
Second-Order Terms −76 −76 dB typ fa = 1 MHz, fb = 0.97 MHz
Third-Order Terms −76 −76 dB typ fa = 1 MHz, fb = 0.97 MHz
Aperture Delay 5 5 ns typ
Aperture Jitter 18 18 ps typ
Full Power Bandwidth 74 74 MHz typ @ 3 dB
Full Power Bandwidth 10 10 MHz typ @ 0.1 dB
DC ACCURACY
Resolution 8 8 Bits
Integral Nonlinearity3 ±0.2 ±0.2 LSB max
Differential Nonlinearity3 ±0.3 ±0.3 LSB max Guaranteed no missed codes to 8 bits
Offset Error3 ±0.9 ±0.5 LSB max
Gain Error3 ±1.2 ±1 LSB max
Total Unadjusted Error (TUE)3 ±1.5 ±1.5 LSB max
ANALOG INPUT
Input Voltage Ranges 0 to VDD 0 to VDD V
DC Leakage Current ±1 ±1 μA max −40°C to +85°C
±5.5 ±5.5 μA max 85°C to 125°C
Input Capacitance 42 42 pF typ When in track
10 10 pF typ When in hold
LOGIC INPUTS
Input High Voltage, VINH 1.7 1.7 V min 2.35 V ≤ VDD ≤ 2.7 V
2 2 V min 2.7 V < VDD ≤ 3.6 V
Input Low Voltage, VINL 0.7 0.7 V max 2.35 V ≤ VDD ≤ 2.7 V
0.8 0.8 V max 2.7 V < VDD ≤ 3.6 V
Input Current, IIN ±1 ±1 μA max
Input Capacitance, CIN 4 2 2 pF typ
LOGIC OUTPUTS
Output High Voltage, VOH V
DD − 0.2 VDD − 0.2 V min ISOURCE = 200 μA, VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V
Output Low Voltage, VOL 0.2 0.2 V max ISINK = 200 μA
Floating-State Leakage Current ±2.5 ±2.5 μA max
Floating-State Output Capacitance4 4.5 4.5 pF typ
Output Coding Straight (natural) binary
CONVERSION RATE
Conversion Time 208 208 ns max 10 SCLK cycles with SCLK at 48 MHz
Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time3 60 60 ns min
Throughput Rate 4 4 MSPS max SCLK at 48 MHz
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 8 of 28
Parameter A Grade1, 2 B Grade1, 2 Unit Test Conditions/Comments
POWER REQUIREMENTS
VDD 2.35/3.6 2.35/3.6 V min/max
IDD Digital I/Ps = 0 V or VDD
Normal Mode (Static) 0.5 0.5 mA typ VDD = 3.6 V, SCLK on or off
Normal Mode (Operational) 5.5 5.5 mA max VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, fSAMPLE = 3 MSPS
3.5 3.5 mA typ VDD = 3 V
Partial Power-Down Mode (Static) 34 34 μA typ
Full Power-Down Mode (Static) 2 2 μA max −40°C to +85°C, typically 0.1 μA
10 10 μA max +85°C to +125°C
Power Dissipation5
Normal Mode (Operational) 19.8 19.8 mW max VDD = 3.6 V, fSAMPLE = 3 MSPS
10.5 10.5 mW typ VDD = 3 V
Partial Power-Down 102 102 μW typ VDD = 3 V
Full Power-Down 7.2 7.2 μW max VDD = 3.6 V, −40°C to +85°C
1 Temperature range from −40°C to +125°C.
2 Typical specifications are tested with VDD = 3 V and at 25°C.
3 See the Terminology section.
4 Guaranteed by characterization.
5 See the Power vs. Throughput Rate section.
TIMING SPECIFICATIONS—AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.1
Table 5.
Parameter2 Limit at TMIN, TMAX Unit Description
fSCLK3 500 kHz min4
48 MHz max B grade
16 MHz max Y grade
tCONVERT 14 × tSCLK AD7276
12 × tSCLK AD7277
10 × tSCLK AD7278
tQUIET 4 ns min Minimum quiet time required between the bus relinquish and the
start of the next conversion
t1 3 ns min
Minimum CS pulse width
t2 6 ns min
CS to SCLK setup time
t35 4 ns max
Delay from CS until SDATA three-state disabled
t45 15 ns max Data access time after SCLK falling edge
t5 0.4 tSCLK ns min SCLK low pulse width
t6 0.4 tSCLK ns min SCLK high pulse width
t75 5 ns min SCLK to data valid hold time
t8 14 ns max SCLK falling edge to SDATA three-state
5 ns min SCLK falling edge to SDATA three-state
t9 4.2 ns max
CS rising edge to SDATA three-state
TPOWER-UP6 1 μs max Power-up time from full power-down
1 Sample tested during initial release to ensure compliance. All timing specifications given are with a 10 pF load capacitance. With a load capacitance greater than this
value, a digital buffer or latch must be used.
2 Guaranteed by characterization. All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 2 ns (10% to 90% of VDD) and timed from a voltage level of 1.6 V.
3 Mark/space ratio for the SCLK input is 40/60 to 60/40.
4 Minimum fSCLK at which specifications are guaranteed.
5 The time required for the output to cross the VIH or VIL voltage.
6 See the Power-Up Times section.
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 9 of 28
04903-002
SCLK
VIH
VIL
SDATA
t
4
Figure 2. Access Time After SCLK Falling Edge
04903-003
SCLK
VIH
VIL
SDATA
t
7
Figure 3. Hold Time After SCLK Falling Edge
04903-004
SCLK
1.4V
SDATA
t
8
Figure 4. SCLK Falling Edge SDATA Three-State
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 10 of 28
TIMING EXAMPLES
For the AD7276, if CS is brought high during the 14th SCLK rising
edge after the two leading zeros and 12 bits of the conversion
have been provided, the part can achieve the fastest throughput
rate, 3 MSPS. If CS is brought high during the 16th SCLK rising
edge after the two leading zeros and 12 bits of the conversion
and two trailing zeros have been provided, a throughput rate of
2.97 MSPS is achievable. This is illustrated in the following two
timing examples.
Timing Example 1
In Figure 6, using a 14 SCLK cycle, fSCLK = 48 MHz and the
throughput is 3 MSPS. This produces a cycle time of t2 +
12.5(1/fSCLK) + tACQ = 333 ns, where t2 = 6 ns minimum and
tACQ = 67 ns.
This satisfies the requirement of 60 ns for tACQ. Figure 6 also
shows that tACQ comprises 0.5(1/fSCLK) + t8 + tQUIET, where
t8 = 14 ns max. This allows a value of 43 ns for tQUIET, satisfying
the minimum requirement of 4 ns.
Timing Example 2
The example in Figure 7 uses a 16 SCLK cycle, fSCLK = 48 MHz,
and the throughput is 2.97 MSPS. This produces a cycle time of
t2 + 12.5(1/fSCLK) + tACQ = 336 ns, where t2 = 6 ns minimum and
tACQ = 70 ns. Figure 7 shows that tACQ comprises 2.5(1/fSCLK) + t8 +
tQUIET, where t8 = 14 ns max. This satisfies the minimum
requirement of 4 ns for tQUIET.
04903-005
1 2 345 13141516
SCLK
S
DATA
THREE-STATETHREE-
STATE 2 LEADING
ZEROS
2 TRAILING
ZEROS
B
CS
t
3
t
CONVERT
t
2
ZEROZDB11 DB10 DB9 DB1 DB0 ZERO ZERO
t
6
t
5
t
8
t
1
t
QUIET
1/THROUGHPUT
t
4
t
7
Figure 5. AD7276 Serial Interface Timing Diagram
04903-034
tQUIET
tCONVERT
1/THROUGHPUT
CS
1513
t4
234
t5
t3
t2t6
t7t9
14
B
t1
SCLK
SDATA THREE-STATE
THREE-
STATE 2 LEADING
ZEROS
ZZERO DB11 DB10 DB9 DB1 DB0
Figure 6. AD7276 Serial Interface Timing 14 SCLK Cycle
04903-006
12345 1312 14 15 16
SCL
K
B
CS
t
CONVERT
t
2
t
8
t
1
t
QUIET
1/THROUGHPUT
12.5(1/f
SCLK
)
t
ACQUISITION
Figure 7. AD7276 Serial Interface Timing 16 SCLK Cycle
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 11 of 28
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 6.
Parameters Ratings
VDD to GND −0.3 V to +6 V
Analog Input Voltage to GND −0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
Digital Input Voltage to GND −0.3 V to +6 V
Digital Output Voltage to GND −0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
Input Current to Any Pin Except Supplies1 ±10 mA
Operating Temperature Range
Commercial (B grade) −40°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C
Junction Temperature 150°C
6-Lead TSOT Package
θJA Thermal Impedance 230°C/W
θJC Thermal Impedance 92°C/W
8-Lead MSOP Package
θJA Thermal Impedance 205.9°C/W
θJC Thermal Impedance 43.74°C/W
Lead Temperature Soldering
Reflow (10 sec to 30 sec) 255°C
Lead Temperature Soldering
Reflow (10 sec to 30 sec) 260°C
ESD 1.5 kV
1 Transient currents of up to 100 mA cause SCR latch-up.
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
ESD CAUTION
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 12 of 28
PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
V
DD 1
GND
2
V
IN 3
CS
6
SCLK
4
SDATA
5
AD7276/
AD7277/
AD7278
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
04903-007
Figure 8. 6-Lead TSOT Pin Configuration
04903-008
V
DD 1
SDATA
2
CS
3
NC
4
V
IN
8
GND
7
SCLK
6
NC
5
NC = NO CONNECT
AD7276/
AD7277/
AD7278
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
Figure 9. 8-Lead MSOP Pin Configuration
Table 7. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No.
6-Lead TSOT 8-Lead MSOP Mnemonic Description
1 1 VDD Power Supply Input. The VDD range for the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 is 2.35 V to 3.6 V.
2 7 GND
Analog Ground. Ground reference point for all circuitry on the
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278. All analog input signals should be referred to this GND
voltage.
3 8 VIN Analog Input. Single-ended analog input channel. The input range is 0 V to VDD.
4 6 SCLK
Serial Clock. Logic input. SCLK provides the serial clock for accessing data from the
part. This clock input is also used as the clock source for the conversion process of the
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278.
5 2 SDATA
Data Out. Logic output. The conversion result from the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 is
provided on this output as a serial data stream. The bits are clocked out on the falling
edge of the SCLK input. The data stream from the AD7276 consists of two leading
zeros followed by 12 bits of conversion data and two trailing zeros, provided MSB first.
The data stream from the AD7277 consists of two leading zeros followed by 10 bits of
conversion data and four trailing zeros, provided MSB first. The data stream from the
AD7278 consists of two leading zeros followed by 8 bits of conversion data and six
trailing zeros, provided MSB first.
6 3 CS Chip Select. Active low logic input. This input provides the dual function of initiating
conversion on the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 and framing the serial data transfer.
4, 5 NC No Connect.
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 13 of 28
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
04903-009
FREQUENCY (kHz)
SNR (dB)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400
–120
–20
–100
–80
–60
–40
1500
16,384 POINT FFT
F
SAMPLE
=3MSPS
F
IN
=1MHz
SINAD = 71.2dB
THD = –80.9dB
SFDR = –82.4dB
V
DD
=3V
Figure 10. AD7276 Dynamic Performance at 3 MSPS, Input Tone = 1 MHz
04903-010
FREQUENCY (kHz)
SNR (dB)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400
–110
–
10
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
–70
–80
–90
–100
1500
16,384 POINT FFT
FSAMPLE = 3MSPS
FIN =1MHz
SINAD = 61.6dB
THD = –80.2dB
SFDR = –83.4dB
VDD =3V
Figure 11. AD7277 Dynamic Performance at 3 MSPS, Input Tone = 1 MHz
04903-012
INPUT FREQUENCY (kHz)
SINAD (dB)
100
67.5
72.5
15001000
72.0
71.5
71.0
70.5
70.0
69.5
69.0
68.5
68.0
V
DD
= 2.35V
V
DD
=3V
V
DD
=3.6V
Figure 12. AD7276 SINAD vs. Analog Input Frequency at 3 MSPS
for Various Supply Voltages, SCLK Frequency = 48 MHz
04903-013
INPUT FREQUENCY (kHz)
SNR (dB)
100
69.0
73.0
15001000
V
DD
= 2.35V
72.5
72.0
71.5
71.0
70.5
70.0
69.5
V
DD
=3.6V
V
DD
=3V
Figure 13. AD7276 SNR vs. Analog Input Frequency at 3 MSPS
for Various Supply Voltages, SCLK Frequency = 48 MHz
04903-016
CODE
NUMBER OF OCCURRENCES
2046
0
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
2050204920482047
30,000
CODES
Figure 14. Histogram of Codes for 30,000 Samples
04903-017
INPUT FREQUENCY (kHz)
THD (dB)
100
–90
–
72
15001000
–74
–76
–78
–80
–82
–84
–86
–88
V
DD
=3.6V
V
DD
= 2.35V
V
DD
=3V
Figure 15. THD vs. Analog Input Frequency at 3 MSPS
for Various Supply Voltages, SCLK Frequency = 48 MHz
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 14 of 28
04903-015
INPUT FREQUENCY (kHz)
THD (dB)
100
–90
–
50
15001000
–55
–60
–65
–70
–75
–80
–85 R
IN
=0Ω
R
IN
=10Ω
R
IN
= 100Ω
Figure 16. THD vs. Analog Input Frequency at 3 MSPS for Various Source
Impedances, SCLK Frequency = 48 MHz, Supply Voltage = 3 V
04903-011
CODE
INL ERROR (LSB)
0
–1.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6
–0.8
4000350030002500200015001000500
V
DD
=3V
Figure 17. AD7276 INL Performance
04903-014
CODE
DNL ERROR (LSB)
0
–1.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6
–0.8
4000350030002500200015001000500
V
DD
=3V
Figure 18. AD7276 DNL Performance
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 15 of 28
TERMINOLOGY
Integral Nonlinearity
The maximum deviation from a straight line passing through
the endpoints of the ADC transfer function. For the AD7276/
AD7277/AD7278, the endpoints of the transfer function are
zero scale at 0.5 LSB below the first code transition and full
scale at 0.5 LSB above the last code transition.
Differential Nonlinearity
The difference between the measured and the ideal 1 LSB
change between any two adjacent codes in the ADC.
Offset Error
The deviation of the first code transition (00 . . . 000) to
(00 . . . 001) from the ideal, that is, AGND + 0.5 LSB.
Gain Error
The deviation of the last code transition (111 . . . 110) to
(111 . . . 111) from the ideal after adjusting for the offset error,
that is, VREF − 1.5 LSB.
Total Unadju ste d Error
A comprehensive specification that includes gain, linearity, and
offset errors.
Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time
The time required after the conversion for the output of the
track-and-hold amplifier to reach its final value within ±0.5 LSB.
See the Serial Interface section for more details.
Signal-to-Noise + Distortion Ratio (SINAD)
The measured ratio of signal to noise plus distortion at the
output of the ADC. The signal is the rms amplitude of the
fundamental, and noise is the rms sum of all nonfundamental
signals up to half the sampling frequency (fS/2), including
harmonics but excluding dc. The ratio is dependent on the
number of quantization levels in the digitization process: the
more levels, the smaller the quantization noise. For an ideal
N-bit converter, the SINAD is defined as
dB76.102.6 += NSINAD
According to this equation, the SINAD is 74 dB for a 12-bit
converter and 62 dB for a 10-bit converter. However, various
error sources in the ADC, including integral and differential
nonlinearities and internal ac noise sources, cause the measured
SINAD to be less than its theoretical value.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
The ratio of the rms sum of harmonics to the fundamental. It is
defined as:
()
1
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
log20dB V
VVVVV
THD
++++
=
where:
V1 is the rms amplitude of the fundamental.
V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6 are the rms amplitudes of the second
through sixth harmonics.
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise
The ratio of the rms value of the next largest component in the
ADC output spectrum (up to fS/2, excluding dc) to the rms value
of the fundamental. Normally, the value of this specification is
determined by the largest harmonic in the spectrum; however, for
ADCs with harmonics buried in the noise floor, it is determined
by a noise peak.
Intermodulation Distortion
With inputs consisting of sine waves at two frequencies, fa and
fb, any active device with nonlinearities creates distortion
products at sum and difference frequencies of mfa ± nfb, where
m and n = 0, 1, 2, 3, …. Intermodulation distortion terms are
those for which neither m nor n are equal to zero. For example,
the second-order terms include (fa + fb) and (fa − fb), and the
third-order terms include (2fa + fb), (2fa − fb), (fa + 2fb), and
(fa − 2fb).
The AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 are tested using the CCIF
standard in which two input frequencies are used (see fa and fb
in the specifications). In this case, the second-order terms are
usually distanced in frequency from the original sine waves, and
the third-order terms are usually at a frequency close to the input
frequencies. As a result, the second- and third-order terms are
specified separately. The intermodulation distortion is
calculated in a similar manner to the THD specification, that is,
the ratio of the rms sum of the individual distortion products to
the rms amplitude of the sum of the fundamentals expressed in
decibels.
Aperture Delay
The measured interval between the leading edge of the sampling
clock and the point at which the ADC takes the sample.
Aperture Jitter
The sample-to-sample variation when the sample is taken.
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 16 of 28
THEORY OF OPERATION
CIRCUIT INFORMATION
The AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 are fast, micropower, 12-/10-/
8-bit, single-supply ADCs, respectively. The parts can be operated
from a 2.35 V to 3.6 V supply. When operated from a supply
voltage within this range, the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 are
capable of throughput rates of 3 MSPS when provided with a
48 MHz clock.
The AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 provide the user with an on-
chip track-and-hold ADC and a serial interface housed in a tiny
6-lead TSOT or an 8-lead MSOP package, which offers the user
considerable space-saving advantages over alternative solutions.
The serial clock input accesses data from the part and provides
the clock source for the successive approximation ADC. The
analog input range is 0 V to VDD. An external reference is not
required for the ADC, and there is no reference on-chip. The
reference for the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 is derived from the
power supply, resulting in the widest dynamic input range.
The AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 also feature a power-down
option to save power between conversions. The power-down
feature is implemented across the standard serial interface as
described in the Modes of Operation section.
CONVERTER OPERATION
The AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 are successive approximation
ADCs that are based on a charge redistribution DAC. Figure 19
and Figure 20 show simplified schematics of the ADC. Figure 19
shows the ADC during its acquisition phase, where SW2 is closed,
SW1 is in Position A, the comparator is held in a balanced con-
dition, and the sampling capacitor acquires the signal on VIN.
04903-019
COMPARATOR
ACQUISITION
PHASE
V
DD
/2
SW2
V
IN
SAMPLING
CAPACITOR
AGND
A
SW1
B
CHARGE
REDISTRIBUTION
DAC
CONTROL
LOGIC
Figure 19. ADC Acquisition Phase
When the ADC starts a conversion, SW2 opens and SW1 moves
to Position B, causing the comparator to become unbalanced
(see Figure 20). The control logic and the charge redistribution
DACs are used to add and subtract fixed amounts of charge
from the sampling capacitor to bring the comparator back into
a balanced condition. When the comparator is rebalanced, the
conversion is complete. The control logic generates the ADC
output code.
04903-020
COMPARATOR
ACQUISITION
PHASE
V
DD
/2
SW2
V
IN
SAMPLING
CAPACITOR
AGND
A
SW1
B
CHARGE
REDISTRIBUTION
DAC
CONTROL
LOGIC
Figure 20. ADC Conversion Phase
ADC TRANSFER FUNCTION
The output coding of the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 is straight
binary. The designed code transitions occur midway between
successive integer LSB values, such as 0.5 LSB and 1.5 LSB. The
LSB size is VDD/4,096 for the AD7276, VDD/1,024 for the AD7277,
and VDD/256 for the AD7278. The ideal transfer characteristic
for the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 is shown in Figure 21.
04903-021
000...000
0V
ADC CODE
ANALOG INPUT
111...111
000...001
111...000
011...111
111...110
000...010
1LSB = V
REF
/4096 (AD7276)
1LSB = V
REF
/1024 (AD7277)
1LSB = V
REF
/256 (AD7278)
+V
DD
– 1.5LSB0.5LSB
Figure 21. AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 Transfer Characteristics
TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM
Figure 22 shows a typical connection diagram for the AD7276/
AD7277/AD7278. VREF is taken internally from VDD; therefore,
VDD should be decoupled. This provides an analog input range
of 0 V to VDD. The conversion result is output in a 16-bit word
with two leading zeros followed by the 12-bit, 10-bit, or 8-bit
result. The 12-bit result from the AD7276 is followed by two
trailing zeros; the 10-bit and 8-bit results from the AD7277 and
AD7278 are followed by four and six trailing zeros, respectively.
Alternatively, because the supply current required by the AD7276/
AD7277/AD7278 is so low, a precision reference can be used as the
supply source for the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278. A REF19x voltage
reference (REF193 for 3 V) can be used to supply the required
voltage to the ADC (see Figure 22). This configuration is especially
useful if the power supply is noisy or the system’s supply voltage is a
value other than 3 V (for example, 5 V or 15 V). The REF19x
outputs a steady voltage to the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278. If the
low dropout REF193 is used, it must supply a current of typically
1 mA to the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278. When the ADC is
converting at a rate of 3 MSPS, the REF193 must supply a maxi-
mum of 5 mA to the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278.
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 17 of 28
The load regulation of the REF193 is typically 10 ppm/mA
(REF193, VS = 5 V), which results in an error of 50 ppm (150 µV)
for the 5 mA drawn from it. When VDD = 3 V from the REF193, it
corresponds to an error of 0.204 LSB, 0.051 LSB, and 0.0128 LSB
for the AD7276, AD7277, and AD7278, respectively. For applica-
tions where power consumption is of concern, use the power-down
mode of the ADC and the sleep mode of the REF19x reference to
improve power performance. See the Modes of Operation section.
04903-022
AD7276/
AD7277/
AD7278
V
DD
V
IN
SERIAL
INTERFACE
0
VTOV
DD
INPUT
DSP/
µC/µP
GND
SCLK
CS
SDATA
0.1µF10µF
1µF
TANT
0.1µF
680nF
3
V
5V
SUPPLY
REF193
Figure 22. REF193 as Power Supply to the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Table 8 provides typical performance data with various
references used as a VDD source with the same setup conditions.
Table 8. AD7276 Performance (Various Voltage References IC)
Reference Tied to VDD SNR Performance, 1 MHz Input
AD780 @ 3 V 71.3 dB
AD780 @ 2.5 V 70.1 dB
REF193 70.9 dB
Analog Input
Figure 23 shows an equivalent circuit of the analog input structure
of the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278. The two diodes, D1 and D2,
provide ESD protection for the analog inputs. Care must be taken
to ensure that the analog input signal never exceeds the supply
rails by more than 300 mV. Signals exceeding this value cause
these diodes to become forward biased and to start conducting
current into the substrate. These diodes can conduct a maximum
current of 10 mA without causing irreversible damage to the
part. Capacitor C1 in Figure 23 is typically about 4 pF and can
primarily be attributed to pin capacitance. Resistor R1 is a
lumped component made up of the on resistance of a switch.
This resistor is typically about 75 Ω. Capacitor C2 is the ADC
sampling capacitor and has a capacitance of 4 pF typically when
in hold mode and 32 pF typically when in track mode. For ac
applications, removing high frequency components from the
analog input signal is recommended by using a band-pass filter
on the relevant analog input pin. In applications where the
harmonic distortion and signal-to-noise ratio are critical, the
analog input should be driven from a low impedance source.
Large source impedances significantly affect the ac performance
of these ADCs and can necessitate the use of an input buffer
amplifier. The AD8021 op amp is compatible with these devices;
however, the choice of the op amp is a function of the particular
application.
04903-023
C1
4pF
C2
R1
CONVERSION PHASE—SWITCH OPEN
TRACK PHASE—SWITCH CLOSED
D1
D2
V
DD
VIN
Figure 23. Equivalent Analog Input Circuit
When no amplifier is used to drive the analog input, the source
impedance should be limited to a low value. The maximum source
impedance depends on the amount of THD that can be tolerated.
The THD increases as the source impedance increases and per-
formance degrades. Figure 16 shows a graph of the THD vs. the
analog input frequency for different source impedances when
using a supply voltage of 3 V and sampling at a rate of 3 MSPS.
Digital Inputs
The digital inputs applied to the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 are
not limited by the maximum ratings that limit the analog inputs.
Instead, the digital inputs applied to the AD7276/AD7277/
AD7278 can be 6 V and are not restricted by the VDD + 0.3 V
limit of the analog inputs. For example, if the AD7276/AD7277/
AD7278 are operated with a VDD of 3 V, then 5 V logic levels can
be used on the digital inputs. However, it is important to note
that the data output on SDATA still has 3 V logic levels when
VDD = 3 V. Another advantage of SCLK and CS not being restricted
by the VDD + 0.3 V limit is that power supply sequencing issues are
avoided. For example, unlike with the analog inputs, with the
digital inputs, if CS or SCLK is applied before VDD, there is no
risk of latch-up.
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 18 of 28
CS can idle high until the next conversion or low until CS returns
high before the next conversion (effectively idling CS low).
MODES OF OPERATION
The mode of operation of the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 is
selected by controlling the logic state of the CS signal during a
conversion. There are three possible modes of operation: normal
mode, partial power-down mode, and full power-down mode.
The point at which CS is pulled high after the conversion has
been initiated determines which power-down mode, if any, the
device enters. Similarly, if the device is already in power-down
mode, CS can control whether the device returns to normal
operation or remains in power-down mode. These modes of
operation are designed to provide flexible power management
options, which can be chosen to optimize the power dissipation/
throughput rate ratio for different application requirements.
Once a data transfer is complete (SDATA has returned to three-
state), another conversion can be initiated after the quiet time,
tQUIET, has elapsed by bringing CS low again.
Partial Power-Down Mode
This mode is intended for use in applications where slower
throughput rates are required. An example of this is when either
the ADC is powered down between each conversion or a series
of conversions is performed at a high throughput rate and then
the ADC is powered down for a relatively long duration between
these bursts of several conversions. When the AD7276/AD7277/
AD7278 are in partial power-down mode, all analog circuitry is
powered down except the bias-generation circuit.
Normal Mode
This mode is intended for fastest throughput rate performance
because the device remains fully powered at all times, eliminating
worry about power-up times. Figure 24 shows the general diagram
of AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 operation in this mode.
To enter partial power-down mode, interrupt the conversion
process by bringing CS high between the second and 10th falling
edges of SCLK, as shown in . Figure 25
Once CS is brought high in this window of SCLKs, the part
enters partial power-down mode, the conversion that was
initiated by the falling edge of CS is terminated, and SDATA
goes back into three-state. If CS is brought high before the
second SCLK falling edge, the part remains in normal mode and
does not power down. This prevents accidental power-down due
to glitches on the CS line.
The conversion is initiated on the falling edge of CS as described
in the section. To ensure that the part remains
fully powered up at all times,
Serial Interface
CS must remain low until at least
10 SCLK falling edges elapse after the falling edge of CS. If CS is
brought high after the 10th SCLK falling edge but before the 16th
SCLK falling edge, the part remains powered up, but the con-
version is terminated and SDATA goes back into three-state.
For the AD7276, a minimum of 14 serial clock cycles are required
to complete the conversion and access the complete conversion
result. For the AD7277 and AD7278, a minimum of 12 and
10 serial clock cycles are required to complete the conversion
and to access the complete conversion result, respectively.
CS
SCLK
110121416
A
D7276
/
AD7677/AD7278
SDATA VALID DATA
04903-024
Figure 24. Normal Mode Operation
SCLK
12 10 16
SDATA THREE-STATE
CS
04903-025
Figure 25. Entering Partial Power-Down Mode
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 19 of 28
To exit this mode of operation and power up the AD7276/
AD7277/AD7278, users should perform a dummy conversion.
On the falling edge of CS, the device begins to power up and
continues to power up as long as CS is held low until after the
falling edge of the 10th SCLK. The device is fully powered up
once 16 SCLKs elapse; valid data results from the next conversion,
as shown in . If Figure 26 CS is brought high before the 10th falling
edge of SCLK, the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 go into full power-
down mode. Therefore, although the device can begin to power
up on the falling edge of CS, it powers down on the rising edge
of CS as long as this occurs before the 10th SCLK falling edge.
If the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 are already in partial power-
down mode and CS is brought high before the 10th falling edge
of SCLK, the device enters full power-down mode. For more
information on the power-up times associated with partial
power-down mode in various configurations, see the
section.
Power-Up
Times
Full Power-Down Mode
This mode is intended for use in applications where throughput
rates slower than those in the partial power-down mode are
required because power-up from a full power-down takes
substantially longer than that from a partial power-down. This
mode is suited to applications where a series of conversions
performed at a relatively high throughput rate are followed by a
long period of inactivity and thus, power down.
When the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 are in full power-down
mode, all analog circuitry is powered down. To enter full power-
down mode, put the device into partial power-down mode by
bringing CS high between the second and 10th falling edges of
SCLK. In the next conversion cycle, interrupt the conversion
process in the same way as shown in by bringing Figure 27 CS
high before the 10th SCLK falling edge. Once CS is brought high
in this window of SCLKs, the part powers down completely.
Note that it is not necessary to complete the 16 SCLKs once CS is
brought high to enter either of the power-down modes. Glitch
protection is not available when entering full power-down mode.
To exit full power-down mode and to power up the AD7276/
AD7277/AD7278, users should perform a dummy conversion,
similar to when powering up from partial power-down mode.
On the falling edge of CS, the device begins to power up and
continues to power up as long as CS is held low until after the
falling edge of the 10th SCLK. The required power-up time must
elapse before a conversion can be initiated, as shown in .
See the section for the power-up times
associated with the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278.
Figure 28
Power-Up Times
Power-Up Times
The AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 have two power-down modes,
partial power-down and full power-down, which are described
in detail in the Modes of Operation section. This section deals
with the power-up time required when coming out of either of
these modes.
To power up from partial power-down mode, one cycle is
required. Therefore, with an SCLK frequency of up to 48 MHz,
one dummy cycle is sufficient to allow the device to power up
from partial power-down mode. Once the dummy cycle is
complete, the ADC is fully powered up and the input signal is
acquired properly. The quiet time, tQUIET, must still be allowed
from the point where the bus goes back into three-state after the
dummy conversion to the next falling edge of CS.
To power up from full power-down, approximately 1 s should
be allowed from the falling edge of CS, shown in as
tPOWER UP.
Figure 28
Note that during power-up from partial power-down mode, the
track-and-hold, which is in hold mode while the part is
powered down, returns to track mode after the first SCLK edge,
following the falling edge of CS. This is shown as Point A in
. Figure 26
When power supplies are first applied to the AD7276/AD7277/
AD7278, the ADC can power up in either of the power-down
modes or in normal mode. Because of this, it is best to allow a
dummy cycle to elapse to ensure that the part is fully powered
up before attempting a valid conversion. Likewise, if the part is
to be kept in partial power-down mode immediately after the
supplies are applied, then two dummy cycles must be initiated.
The first dummy cycle must hold CS low until after the 10th
SCLK falling edge; in the second cycle, CS must be brought high
between the second and 10th SCLK falling edges (see ). Figure 25
Alternatively, if the part is to be placed into full power-down
mode when the supplies are applied, three dummy cycles must
be initiated. The first dummy cycle must hold CS low until after
the 10th SCLK falling edge; the second and third dummy cycles
place the part into full power-down mode (see ). See
the section.
Figure 27
Modes of Operation
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 20 of 28
04903-026
THE PART BEGINS
TO POWER UP
THE P
TISFULLY
POWERED UP, SEE THE POWER-
UP TIMES SECTION
CS
S
DATA INVALID DATA VALID DATA
1
A
10 16 1 16
SCLK
Figure 26. Exiting Partial Power-Down Mode
04903-027
THE PA
TENTERS
PARTIAL POWER-DOWN
THE P
TENTERS
FULL POWER-DOWN
CS
S
DATA INVALID DATA VALID DATA
THE P
TBEGINS
TO POWER UP
12 10 16 1 1610
SCLK
THREE-STATE THREE-STATE
Figure 27. Entering Full Power-Down Mode
04903-028
THE PART BEGINS
TO POWER UP
t
POWER UP
CS
S
DATA INVALID DATA VALID DATA
THE P
TIS
FULLY POWERED UP
110161 1
SCLK
6
Figure 28. Exiting Full Power-Down Mode
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 21 of 28
POWER VS. THROUGHPUT RATE
Figure 29 shows the power consumption of the device in
normal mode, in which the part is never powered down. By
using the power-down mode of the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
when not performing a conversion, the average power consump-
tion of the ADC decreases as the throughput rate decreases.
Figure 30 shows that as the throughput rate is reduced, the
device remains in its power-down state longer, and the average
power consumption over time drops accordingly. For example,
if the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 are operated in continuous
sampling mode with a throughput rate of 200 kSPS and an SCLK
of 48 MHz (VDD = 3 V) and the devices are placed into power-
down mode between conversions, then the power consumption
is calculated as follows. The power dissipation during normal
operation is 12.6 mW (VDD = 3 V). If the power-up time is one
dummy cycle, that is, 333 ns, and the remaining conversion
time is 290 ns, then the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 can be said
to dissipate 12.6 mW for 623 ns during each conversion cycle. If
the throughput rate is 200 kSPS, then the cycle time is 5 µs and
the average power dissipated during each cycle is 623/5,000 ×
12.6 mW = 1.56 mW. Figure 29 shows the power vs. throughput
rate when using the partial power-down mode between conver-
sions at 3 V. The power-down mode is intended for use with
throughput rates of less than 600 kSPS, because at higher
sampling rates, there is no power saving achieved by using the
power-down mode.
04903-029
THROUGHPUT (kSPS)
POWER (mW)
0
3.0
7.4
2000
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.2
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
VARIABLE
SCLK
50MHz SCLK
Figure 29. Power vs. Throughput Normal Mode
04903-035
THROUGHPUT (kSPS)
POWER (mW)
0
0
8.0
1000
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
200 400 600 800
V
DD
=3V
Figure 30. Power vs. Throughput Partial Power-Down Mode
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 22 of 28
SERIAL INTERFACE
Figure 31 through Figure 34 show the detailed timing diagrams
for serial interfacing to the AD7276, AD7277, and AD7278. The
serial clock provides the conversion clock and controls the transfer
of information from the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 during
conversion.
The CS signal initiates the data transfer and conversion process.
The falling edge of CS puts the track-and-hold into hold mode
and takes the bus out of three-state. The analog input is sampled
and the conversion is initiated at this point.
For the AD7276, the conversion requires completing 14 SCLK
cycles. Once 13 SCLK falling edges have elapsed, the track-and-
hold goes back into track mode on the next SCLK rising edge,
as shown in Figure 31 at Point B. If the rising edge of CS occurs
before 14 SCLKs have elapsed, the conversion is terminated and
the SDATA line goes back into three-state. If 16 SCLKs are
considered in the cycle, the last two bits are zeros and SDATA
returns to three-state on the 16th SCLK falling edge, as shown in
. Figure 32
For the AD7277, the conversion requires completing 12 SCLK
cycles. Once 11 SCLK falling edges elapse, the track-and-hold
goes back into track mode on the next SCLK rising edge, as
shown in Figure 33 at Point B. If the rising edge of CS occurs
before 12 SCLKs elapse, the conversion is terminated and the
SDATA line goes back into three-state. If 16 SCLKs are considered
in the cycle, the AD7277 clocks out four trailing zeros for the
last four bits and SDATA returns to three-state on the 16th SCLK
falling edge, as shown in . Figure 33
For the AD7278, the conversion requires completing 10 SCLK
cycles. Once 9 SCLK falling edges elapse, the track-and-hold
goes back into track mode on the next rising edge. If the rising
edge of CS occurs before 10 SCLKs elapse, the part enters power-
down mode.
If 16 SCLKs are considered in the cycle, then the AD7278 clocks
out six trailing zeros for the last six bits and SDATA returns to
three-state on the 16th SCLK falling edge, as shown in Figure 34.
If the user considers a 14 SCLK cycle serial interface for the
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278, then CS must be brought high after
the 14th SCLK falling edge. Then the last two trailing zeros are
ignored, and SDATA goes back into three-state. In this case, the
3 MSPS throughput can be achieved by using a 48 MHz clock
frequency.
CS going low clocks out the first leading zero to be read by the
microcontroller or DSP. The remaining data is then clocked out
by subsequent SCLK falling edges, beginning with the second
leading zero. Therefore, the first falling clock edge on the serial
clock provides the first leading zero and clocks out the second
leading zero. The final bit in the data transfer is valid on the 16th
falling edge, because it is clocked out on the previous (15th)
falling edge.
In applications with a slower SCLK, it is possible to read data on
each SCLK rising edge. In such cases, the first falling edge of SCLK
clocks out the second leading zero and can be read on the first
rising edge. However, the first leading zero clocked out when
CS goes low is missed if read within the first falling edge. The
15th falling edge of SCLK clocks out the last bit and can be read
on the 15th rising SCLK edge.
If CS goes low just after one SCLK falling edge elapses, then CS
clocks out the first leading zero and can be read on the SCLK
rising edge. The next SCLK falling edge clocks out the second
leading zero and can be read on the following rising edge.
04903-099
tQUIET
tCONVERT
1/THROUGHPUT
CS
1513
t4
234
t5
t3
t2t6
t7t9
14
B
t1
SCLK
SDATA THREE-STATE
THREE-
STATE 2 LEADING
ZEROS
ZZERO DB11 DB10 DB9 DB1 DB0
Figure 31. AD7276 Serial Interface Timing Diagram 14 SCLK Cycle
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 23 of 28
04903-030
t
CONVERT
CS
SCLK
S
DATA
2 LEADING
ZEROS
THREE-
STATE THREE-STATE
2 TRAILING
ZEROS
B
1/THROUGHPUT
1 2 3 4 5 13 15 1614
DB11 DB10 DB9 DB1 DB0 ZERO ZEROZEROZ
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
7
t
5
t
8
t
QUIET
t
1
t
6
Figure 32. AD7276 Serial Interface Timing Diagram 16 SCLK Cycle
0
4903-031
tCONVERT
SCLK
B
1 2 3 4 10 11 12 14 161513
t2
t3t4t7t8
CS
t1
S
DATA
2 LEADING
ZEROS
THREE-
STATE THREE-STATE
4 TRAILING ZEROS
1/THROUGHPUT
DB9 DB8 DB0DB1 ZERO ZERO ZERO ZEROZEROZ
tQUIET
t5
t6
Figure 33. AD7277 Serial Interface Timing Diagram
04903-032
t3t7t8
CS
t1
S
DATA
2 LEADING
ZEROS
THREE-
STATE
THREE-STATE
6 TRAILING ZEROS
1/THROUGHPUT
DB7 DB6 DB0DB1 ZERO ZERO ZEROZEROZ
tQUIET
t4
t5
tCONVERT
SCLK
B
1 2 3 4 8910 14 161511
t2t6
Figure 34. AD7278 Serial Interface Timing Diagram
04903-033
t
8
CS
t
1
SDATA
2 LEADING ZEROS
8.5 (1/f
SCLK
)
THREE-
STATE
THREE-STATE
1/THROUGHPUT
t
QUIET
t
ACQ
t
CONVERT
SCLK 1 2 3 4 9 105
t
2
DB7 DB6 DB5 DB1 DB0ZEROZ
B
t
6
Figure 35. AD7278 in a 10 SCLK Cycle Serial Interface
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 24 of 28
AD7278 IN A 10 SCLK CYCLE SERIAL INTERFACE
For the AD7278, if CS is brought high during the 10th rising
edge after the two leading zeros and eight bits of the conversion
are provided, then the part can achieve a 4 MSPS throughput
rate. For the AD7278, the track-and-hold goes back into track
mode on the ninth rising edge. In this case, a fSCLK = 48 MHz and
throughput of 4 MSPS result in a cycle time of t2 + 8.5(1/fSCLK) +
tACQ = 250 ns, where t2 = 6 ns minimum and tACQ = 67 ns. This
satisfies the requirement of 60 ns for tACQ. shows that
tACQ comprises 0.5(1/fSCLK) + t8 + tQUIET, where t8 = 14 ns max.
This allows a value of 43 ns for tQUIET, satisfying the minimum
requirement of 4 ns.
Figure 35
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278-to-ADSP-BF53x
The ADSP-BF53x family of DSPs interfaces directly to the
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 without requiring glue logic. The
SPORT0 Receive Configuration 1 Register should be set up as
outlined in Table 9.
AD7276/
AD7277/
AD7278*
ADSP-BF53x*
SCLK RCLK0
SPORT0
DR0PRI
RFS0
DT0
DOUT
CS
DIN
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
0
4903-098
Figure 36. Interfacing with ADSP-BF53x
Table 9. The SPORT0 Receive Configuration 1 Register
(SPORT0_RCR1)
Setting Description
RCKFE = 1 Sample data with falling edge of RSCLK
LRFS = 1 Active low frame signal
RFSR = 1 Frame every word
IRFS = 1 Internal RFS used
RLSBIT = 0 Receive MSB first
RDTYPE = 00 Zero fill
IRCLK = 1 Internal receive clock
RSPEN = 1 Receive enabled
SLEN = 1111 16-bit data-word (or can be set to 1101 for
14-bit data-word)
TFSR = RFSR = 1
To implement the power-down modes, SLEN should be set to
1001 to issue an 8-bit SCLK burst.
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 25 of 28
APPLICATION HINTS
GROUNDING AND LAYOUT
The printed circuit board that houses the AD7276/AD7277/
AD7278 should be designed so that the analog and digital
sections are separated and confined to certain areas of the
board. This design facilitates using ground planes that can easily
be separated.
To provide optimum shielding for ground planes, a minimum
etch technique is generally best. All AGND pins of the AD7276/
AD7277/AD7278 should be sunk into the AGND plane. Digital
and analog ground planes should be joined in one place only. If
the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 are in a system where multiple
devices require an AGND-to-DGND connection, the connection
should still be made at only one point, a star ground point
established as close as possible to the ground pin on the
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278.
Avoid running digital lines under the device because this
couples noise onto the die. However, the analog ground plane
should be allowed to run under the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
to avoid noise coupling. The power supply lines to the AD7276/
AD7277/AD7278 should use as large a trace as possible to provide
low impedance paths and reduce the effects of glitches on the
power supply line.
To avoid radiating noise to other sections of the board,
components with fast-switching signals, such as clocks, should
be shielded with digital ground, and they should never be run
near the analog inputs. Avoid crossover of digital and analog
signals. To reduce the effects of feedthrough within the board,
traces on opposite sides of the board should run at right angles
to each other. A microstrip technique is by far the best method,
but it is not always possible to use this approach with a double-
sided board. In this technique, the component side of the board
is dedicated to ground planes, and signals are placed on the
solder side.
Good decoupling is also important. All analog supplies should
be decoupled with 10 µF ceramic capacitors in parallel with
0.1 µF capacitors to GND. To achieve the best results from these
decoupling components, they must be placed as close as possible
to the device, ideally right up against the device. The 0.1 µF
capacitors should have low effective series resistance (ESR) and
low effective series inductance (ESI), such as is typical of common
ceramic or surface-mount types of capacitors. Capacitors with
low ESR and low ESI provide a low impedance path to ground
at high frequencies, which allow them to handle transient
currents due to internal logic switching.
EVALUATING PERFORMANCE
The recommended layout for the AD7276/AD7277/AD7278 is
outlined in the evaluation board documentation. The evaluation
board package includes a fully assembled and tested evaluation
board, documentation, and software for controlling the board
from the PC via the evaluation board controller. To demonstrate/
evaluate the ac and dc performance of the AD7276/AD7277,
the evaluation board controller can be used in conjunction with
the AD7276/AD7277 evaluation board, as well as with many
other Analog Devices evaluation boards ending in the CB
designator,
The software allows the user to perform ac (fast Fourier
transform) and dc (histogram of codes) tests on the AD7276/
AD7277. The software and documentation are on a CD shipped
with the evaluation board.
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 26 of 28
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
102808-A
*COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-193-AA WITH
THE EXCEPTION OF PACKAGE HEIGHT AND THICKNESS.
13
45
2
6
2.90 BS
C
1.60 BSC 2.80 BSC
1.90
BSC
0.95 BSC
0.10 MAX
*1.00 MAX
PIN 1
INDI
C
ATOR
*0.90
0.87
0.84
0.60
0.45
0.30
0.50
0.30
0.20
0.08
SEATING
PLANE
8°
4°
0°
Figure 37. 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package [TSOT]
(UJ-6)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187-AA
100709-B
6°
0°
0.80
0.55
0.40
4
8
1
5
0.65 BSC
0.40
0.25
1.10 MAX
3.20
3.00
2.80
COPLANARITY
0.10
0.23
0.09
3.20
3.00
2.80
5.15
4.90
4.65
PIN 1
IDENTIFIER
15° MAX
0.95
0.85
0.75
0.15
0.05
Figure 38. 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP]
(RM-8)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 27 of 28
ORDERING GUIDE
Model1 Notes
Temperature
Range
Linearity
Error (LSB)2 Package Description
Package
Option Branding
AD7276BRM −40°C to +125°C ±1 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C1W
AD7276BRMZ −40°C to +125°C ±1 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C30
AD7276BRMZ-REEL −40°C to +125°C ±1 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C30
AD7276BUJZ-REEL7 −40°C to +125°C ±1 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C30
AD7276BUJZ-500RL7 −40°C to +125°C ±1 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C30
AD7276YUJZ-500RL7 3 −40°C to +125°C ±1 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C4W
AD7276YUJZ-REEL7 3 −40°C to +125°C ±1 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C4W
AD7276ARMZ −40°C to +125°C ±1.5 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C6S
AD7276ARMZ-REEL −40°C to +125°C ±1.5 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C6S
AD7276AUJZ- 500RL7 −40°C to +125°C ±1.5 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C6S
AD7276AUJZ-REEL7 −40°C to +125°C ±1.5 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C6S
AD7277BRMZ −40°C to +125°C ±0.5 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C31
AD7277BRMZ-REEL −40°C to +125°C ±0.5 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C31
AD7277BUJZ-500RL7 −40°C to +125°C ±0.5 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C31
AD7277BUJZ-REEL7 −40°C to +125°C ±0.5 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C31
AD7277ARMZ −40°C to +125°C ±0.5 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C6T
AD7277ARMZ-RL −40°C to +125°C ±0.5 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C6T
AD7277AUJZ-500RL7 −40°C to +125°C ±0.5 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C6T
AD7277AUJZ-RL7 −40°C to +125°C ±0.5 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C6T
AD7278BRMZ −40°C to +125°C ±0.3 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C32
AD7278BRMZ-REEL −40°C to +125°C ±0.3 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C32
AD7278BUJZ-500RL7 −40°C to +125°C ±0.3 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C32
AD7278BUJZ-REEL7 −40°C to +125°C ±0.3 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C32
AD7278ARMZ −40°C to +125°C ±0.3 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C6U
AD7278ARMZ-RL −40°C to +125°C ±0.3 max 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) RM-8 C6U
AD7278AUJZ-500RL7 −40°C to +125°C ±0.3 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C6U
AD7278AUJZ-RL7 −40°C to +125°C ±0.3 max 6-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package
(TSOT)
UJ-6 C6U
EVAL-AD7276CBZ 4 Evaluation Board
EVAL-CONTROL BRD2 5 Control Board
1 Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
2 Linearity error refers to integral nonlinearity.
3 Y Grade part, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS.
4 This can be used as a standalone evaluation board or in conjunction with the EVAL-CONTROL board for evaluation/demonstration purposes.
5 This board is a complete unit allowing a PC to control and communicate with all Analog Devices evaluation boards that end in a CB designator. To order a complete
evaluation kit, the particular ADC evaluation board (such as EVAL-AD7276CBZ), the EVAL-CONTROL BRD2, and a 12 V transformer must be ordered. See the relevant
evaluation board user guide for more information.
AD7276/AD7277/AD7278
Rev. C | Page 28 of 28
NOTES
©2005–2011 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
D04903-0-5/11(C)