LM2585
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LM2585 SIMPLE SWITCHER
®
3A Flyback Regulator
Check for Samples: LM2585
1FEATURES DESCRIPTION
The LM2585 series of regulators are monolithic
234• Requires Few External Components integrated circuits specifically designed for flyback,
• Family of Standard Inductors and step-up (boost), and forward converter applications.
Transformers The device is available in 4 different output voltage
• NPN Output Switches 3.0A, Can Stand Off 65V versions: 3.3V, 5.0V, 12V, and adjustable.
• Wide Input Voltage Range: 4V to 40V Requiring a minimum number of external
components, these regulators are cost effective, and
• Current-mode Operation for Improved simple to use. Included in the datasheet are typical
Transient Response, Line Regulation, and circuits of boost and flyback regulators. Also listed
Current Limit are selector guides for diodes and capacitors and a
• 100 kHz Switching Frequency family of standard inductors and flyback transformers
• Internal Soft-start Function Reduces In-rush designed to work with these switching regulators.
Current During Start-up The power switch is a 3.0A NPN device that can
• Output Transistor Protected by Current Limit, stand-off 65V. Protecting the power switch are current
Under Voltage Lockout, and Thermal and thermal limiting circuits, and an undervoltage
Shutdown lockout circuit. This IC contains a 100 kHz fixed-
frequency internal oscillator that permits the use of
• System Output Voltage Tolerance of ±4% Max small magnetics. Other features include soft start
Over Line and Load Conditions mode to reduce in-rush current during start up,
current mode control for improved rejection of input
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS voltage and output load transients and cycle-by-cycle
• Flyback Regulator current limiting. An output voltage tolerance of ±4%,
within specified input voltages and output load
• Multiple-output Regulator conditions, is specified for the power supply system.
• Simple Boost Regulator
• Forward Converter
Connection Diagrams
Figure 3. Bent, Staggered Leads
5-Lead TO-220
Side View
Figure 1. Bent, Staggered Leads See NDH005D Package
5-Lead TO-220
Top View
See NDH005D Package
Figure 4. 5-Lead DDPAK/TO-263
Side View
See KTT Package
Figure 2. 5-Lead DDPAK/TO-263
Top View
See KTT Package
1Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
2Switchers Made Simple is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
3SIMPLE SWITCHER is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments.
4All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
LM2585
SNVS120F –APRIL 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
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These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2)
Input Voltage −0.4V ≤VIN ≤45V
Switch Voltage −0.4V ≤VSW ≤65V
Switch Current (3) Internally Limited
Compensation Pin Voltage −0.4V ≤VCOMP ≤2.4V
Feedback Pin Voltage −0.4V ≤VFB ≤2V
Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) 260°C
Maximum Junction Temperature(4) 150°C
Power Dissipation (4) Internally Limited
Minimum ESD Rating (C = 100 pF, R = 1.5 kΩ) 2 kV
(1) Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating ratings indicate conditions the
device is intended to be functional, but device parameter specifications may not be specified under these conditions. For specifications
and test conditions see Electrical Characteristics (All Versions).
(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and
specifications.
(3) Note that switch current and output current are not identical in a step-up regulator. Output current cannot be internally limited when the
LM2585 is used as a step-up regulator. To prevent damage to the switch, the output current must be externally limited to 3A. However,
output current is internally limited when the LM2585 is used as a flyback regulator (See Application Hints for more information).
(4) The junction temperature of the device (TJ) is a function of the ambient temperature (TA), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
(θJA), and the power dissipation of the device (PD). A thermal shutdown will occur if the temperature exceeds the maximum junction
temperature of the device: PD×θJA + TA(MAX) ≥TJ(MAX). For a safe thermal design, check that the maximum power dissipated by the
device is less than: PD≤[TJ(MAX) −TA(MAX))]/θJA. When calculating the maximum allowable power dissipation, derate the maximum
junction temperature—this ensures a margin of safety in the thermal design.
Operating Ratings
Supply Voltage 4V ≤VIN ≤40V
Output Switch Voltage 0V ≤VSW ≤60V
Output Switch Current ISW ≤3.0A
Junction Temperature Range −40°C ≤TJ≤+125°C
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Electrical Characteristics
LM2585-3.3
Specifications with standard type face are for TJ= 25°C, and those in bold type face apply over full Operating Temperature
Range. Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 5V.
Symbol Parameters Conditions Typical Min Max Units
SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit of Figure 19 (1)
VOUT Output Voltage VIN = 4V to 12V 3.3 3.17/3.14 3.43/3.46 V
ILOAD = 0.3A to 1.2A
ΔVOUT/ Line Regulation VIN = 4V to 12V 20 50/100 mV
ΔVIN ILOAD = 0.3A
ΔVOUT/ Load Regulation VIN = 12V 20 50/100 mV
ΔILOAD ILOAD = 0.3A to 1.2A
ηEfficiency VIN = 5V, ILOAD = 0.3A 76 %
UNIQUE DEVICE PARAMETERS(2)
VREF Output Reference Measured at Feedback Pin 3.3 3.242/3.234 3.358/3.366 V
Voltage VCOMP = 1.0V
ΔVREF Reference Voltage VIN = 4V to 40V 2.0 mV
Line Regulation
GMError Amp ICOMP =−30 μA to +30 μA 1.193 0.678 2.259 mmho
Transconductance VCOMP = 1.0V
AVOL Error Amp VCOMP = 0.5V to 1.6V 260 151/75 V/V
Voltage Gain RCOMP = 1.0 MΩ(3)
(1) External components such as the diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator performance. When the
LM2585 is used as shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20, system performance will be as specified by the system parameters.
(2) All room temperature limits are 100% production tested, and all limits at temperature extremes are specified via correlation using
standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods.
(3) A 1.0 MΩresistor is connected to the compensation pin (which is the error amplifier output) to ensure accuracy in measuring AVOL.
LM2585-5.0
Symbol Parameters Conditions Typical Min Max Units
SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit of Figure 19 (1)
VOUT Output Voltage VIN = 4V to 12V 5.0 4.80/4.75 5.20/5.25 V
ILOAD = 0.3A to 1.1A
ΔVOUT/ Line Regulation VIN = 4V to 12V 20 50/100 mV
ΔVIN ILOAD = 0.3A
ΔVOUT/ Load Regulation VIN = 12V 20 50/100 mV
ΔILOAD ILOAD = 0.3A to 1.1A
ηEfficiency VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 0.6A 80 %
UNIQUE DEVICE PARAMETERS(2)
VREF Output Reference Measured at Feedback Pin 5.0 4.913/4.900 5.088/5.100 V
Voltage VCOMP = 1.0V
ΔVREF Reference Voltage VIN = 4V to 40V 3.3 mV
Line Regulation
GMError Amp ICOMP =−30 μA to +30 μA 0.750 0.447 1.491 mmho
Transconductance VCOMP = 1.0V
AVOL Error Amp VCOMP = 0.5V to 1.6V 165 99/49 V/V
Voltage Gain RCOMP = 1.0 MΩ(3)
(1) External components such as the diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator performance. When the
LM2585 is used as shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20, system performance will be as specified by the system parameters.
(2) All room temperature limits are 100% production tested, and all limits at temperature extremes are specified via correlation using
standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods.
(3) A 1.0 MΩresistor is connected to the compensation pin (which is the error amplifier output) to ensure accuracy in measuring AVOL.
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LM2585-12
Symbol Parameters Conditions Typical Min Max Units
SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit of Figure 20 (1)
VOUT Output Voltage VIN = 4V to 10V 12.0 11.52/11.40 12.48/12.60 V
ILOAD = 0.2A to 0.8A
ΔVOUT/ Line Regulation VIN = 4V to 10V 20 100/200 mV
ΔVIN ILOAD = 0.2A
ΔVOUT/ Load Regulation VIN = 10V 20 100/200 mV
ΔILOAD ILOAD = 0.2A to 0.8A
ηEfficiency VIN = 10V, ILOAD = 0.6A 93 %
UNIQUE DEVICE PARAMETERS(2)
VREF Output Reference Measured at Feedback Pin 12.0 11.79/11.76 12.21/12.24 V
Voltage VCOMP = 1.0V
ΔVREF Reference Voltage VIN = 4V to 40V 7.8 mV
Line Regulation
GMError Amp ICOMP =−30 μA to +30 μA 0.328 0.186 0.621 mmho
Transconductance VCOMP = 1.0V
AVOL Error Amp VCOMP = 0.5V to 1.6V 70 41/21 V/V
Voltage Gain RCOMP = 1.0 MΩ(3)
(1) External components such as the diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator performance. When the
LM2585 is used as shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20, system performance will be as specified by the system parameters.
(2) All room temperature limits are 100% production tested, and all limits at temperature extremes are specified via correlation using
standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods.
(3) A 1.0 MΩresistor is connected to the compensation pin (which is the error amplifier output) to ensure accuracy in measuring AVOL.
LM2585-ADJ
Symbol Parameters Conditions Typical Min Max Units
SYSTEM PARAMETERS Test Circuit of Figure 20 (1)
VOUT Output Voltage VIN = 4V to 10V 12.0 11.52/11.40 12.48/12.60 V
ILOAD = 0.2A to 0.8A
ΔVOUT/ Line Regulation VIN = 4V to 10V 20 100/200 mV
ΔVIN ILOAD = 0.2A
ΔVOUT/ Load Regulation VIN = 10V 20 100/200 mV
ΔILOAD ILOAD = 0.2A to 0.8A
ηEfficiency VIN = 10V, ILOAD = 0.6A 93 %
UNIQUE DEVICE PARAMETERS(2)
VREF Output Reference Measured at Feedback Pin 1.230 1.208/1.205 1.252/1.255 V
Voltage VCOMP = 1.0V
ΔVREF Reference Voltage VIN = 4V to 40V 1.5 mV
Line Regulation
GMError Amp ICOMP =−30 μA to +30 μA 3.200 1.800 6.000 mmho
Transconductance VCOMP = 1.0V
AVOL Error Amp VCOMP = 0.5V to 1.6V 670 400/200 V/V
Voltage Gain RCOMP = 1.0 MΩ(3)
IBError Amp VCOMP = 1.0V 125 425/600 nA
Input Bias Current
(1) External components such as the diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator performance. When the
LM2585 is used as shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20, system performance will be as specified by the system parameters.
(2) All room temperature limits are 100% production tested, and all limits at temperature extremes are specified via correlation using
standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods.
(3) A 1.0 MΩresistor is connected to the compensation pin (which is the error amplifier output) to ensure accuracy in measuring AVOL.
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Electrical Characteristics (All Versions)
Symbol Parameters Conditions Typical Min Max Units
COMMON DEVICE PARAMETERS for all versions (1)
ISInput Supply Current (Switch Off)(2) 11 15.5/16.5 mA
ISWITCH = 1.8A 50 100/115 mA
VUV Input Supply RLOAD = 100Ω3.30 3.05 3.75 V
Undervoltage Lockout
fOOscillator Frequency Measured at Switch Pin
RLOAD = 100Ω100 85/75 115/125 kHz
VCOMP = 1.0V
fSC Short-Circuit Measured at Switch Pin
Frequency RLOAD = 100Ω25 kHz
VFEEDBACK = 1.15V
VEAO Error Amplifier Upper Limit(3) 2.8 2.6/2.4 V
Output Swing Lower Limit(2) 0.25 0.40/0.55 V
IEAO Error Amp See (4) 165 110/70 260/320 μA
Output Current
(Source or Sink)
ISS Soft Start Current VFEEDBACK = 0.92V 11.0 8.0/7.0 17.0/19.0 μA
VCOMP = 1.0V
D Maximum Duty RLOAD = 100Ω(3) 98 93/90 %
Cycle
ILSwitch Leakage Switch Off 15 300/600 μA
Current VSWITCH = 60V
VSUS Switch Sustaining dV/dT = 1.5V/ns 65 V
Voltage
VSAT Switch Saturation ISWITCH = 3.0A 0.45 0.65/0.9 V
Voltage
ICL NPN Switch 4.0 3.0 7.0 A
Current Limit
θJA Thermal Resistance TO-220 Package, Junction to 65
Ambient(5)
θJA TO-220 Package, Junction to 45
Ambient(6)
θJC TO-220 Package, Junction to 2
Case
θJA DDPAK/TO-263 Package, 56 °C/W
Junction to Ambient(7)
θJA DDPAK/TO-263 Package, 35
Junction to Ambient(8)
(1) All room temperature limits are 100% production tested, and all limits at temperature extremes are specified via correlation using
standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods.
(2) To measure this parameter, the feedback voltage is set to a high value, depending on the output version of the device, to force the error
amplifier output low. Adj: VFB = 1.41V; 3.3V: VFB = 3.80V; 5.0V: VFB = 5.75V; 12V: VFB = 13.80V.
(3) To measure this parameter, the feedback voltage is set to a low value, depending on the output version of the device, to force the error
amplifier output high. Adj: VFB = 1.05V; 3.3V: VFB = 2.81V; 5.0V: VFB = 4.25V; 12V: VFB = 10.20V.
(4) To measure the worst-case error amplifier output current, the LM2585 is tested with the feedback voltage set to its low value (specified
in Tablenote 3) and at its high value (specified in Tablenote 2).
(5) Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 5 lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with ½ inch leads in a
socket, or on a PC board with minimum copper area.
(6) Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the 5 lead TO-220 package mounted vertically, with ½ inch leads
soldered to a PC board containing approximately 4 square inches of (1oz.) copper area surrounding the leads.
(7) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 5 lead TO-263 mounted horizontally against a PC board area of 0.136 square inches (the
same size as the DDPAK/TO-263 package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper.
(8) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 5 lead TO-263 mounted horizontally against a PC board area of 0.4896 square inches
(3.6 times the area of the DDPAK/TO-263 package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper.
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Electrical Characteristics (All Versions) (continued)
Symbol Parameters Conditions Typical Min Max Units
θJA DDPAK/TO-263 Package, 26
Junction to Ambient(9)
θJC DDPAK/TO-263 Package, 2
Junction to Case
(9) Junction to ambient thermal resistance for the 5 lead TO-263 mounted horizontally against a PC board copper area of 1.0064 square
inches (7.4 times the area of the DDPAK/TO-2633 package) of 1 oz. (0.0014 in. thick) copper. Additional copper area will reduce
thermal resistance further. See the thermal model in Switchers Made Simple™ software.
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Typical Performance Characteristics
Supply Current Reference Voltage
vs Temperature vs Temperature
Figure 5. Figure 6.
ΔReference Voltage Supply Current
vs Supply Voltage vs Switch Current
Figure 7. Figure 8.
Feedback Pin Bias
Current Limit Current
vs Temperature vs Temperature
Figure 9. Figure 10.
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Typical Performance Characteristics (continued)
Switch Saturation
Voltage Switch Transconductance
vs Temperature vs Temperature
Figure 11. Figure 12.
Oscillator Frequency Error Amp Transconductance
vs Temperature vs Temperature
Figure 13. Figure 14.
Error Amp Voltage
Gain Short Circuit Frequency
vs Temperature vs Temperature
Figure 15. Figure 16.
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Flyback Regulator
Figure 17.
Block Diagram
For Fixed Versions
3.3V, R1 = 3.4k, R2 = 2k
5V, R1 = 6.15k, R2 = 2k
12V, R1 = 8.73k, R2 = 1k
For Adj. Version
R1 = Short (0Ω), R2 = Open
Figure 18.
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Test Circuits
CIN1—100 μF, 25V Aluminum Electrolytic
CIN2—0.1 μF Ceramic
T—22 μH, 1:1 Schott #67141450
D—1N5820
COUT—680 μF, 16V Aluminum Electrolytic
CC—0.47 μF Ceramic
RC—2k
Figure 19. LM2585-3.3 and LM2585-5.0
CIN1—100 μF, 25V Aluminum Electrolytic
CIN2—0.1 μF Ceramic
L—15 μH, Renco #RL-5472-5
D—1N5820
COUT—680 μF, 16V Aluminum Electrolytic
CC—0.47 μF Ceramic
RC—2k
For 12V Devices: R1= Short (0Ω) and R2= Open
For ADJ Devices: R1= 48.75k, ±0.1% and R2 = 5.62k, ±1%
Figure 20. LM2585-12 and LM2585-ADJ
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FLYBACK REGULATOR OPERATION
The LM2585 is ideally suited for use in the flyback regulator topology. The flyback regulator can produce a single
output voltage, such as the one shown in Figure 21, or multiple output voltages. In Figure 21, the flyback
regulator generates an output voltage that is inside the range of the input voltage. This feature is unique to
flyback regulators and cannot be duplicated with buck or boost regulators.
The operation of a flyback regulator is as follows (refer to Figure 21): when the switch is on, current flows
through the primary winding of the transformer, T1, storing energy in the magnetic field of the transformer. Note
that the primary and secondary windings are out of phase, so no current flows through the secondary when
current flows through the primary. When the switch turns off, the magnetic field collapses, reversing the voltage
polarity of the primary and secondary windings. Now rectifier D1 is forward biased and current flows through it,
releasing the energy stored in the transformer. This produces voltage at the output.
The output voltage is controlled by modulating the peak switch current. This is done by feeding back a portion of
the output voltage to the error amp, which amplifies the difference between the feedback voltage and a 1.230V
reference. The error amp output voltage is compared to a ramp voltage proportional to the switch current (i.e.,
inductor current during the switch on time). The comparator terminates the switch on time when the two voltages
are equal, thereby controlling the peak switch current to maintain a constant output voltage.
Figure 21. 12V Flyback Regulator Design Example
As shown in Figure 21, the LM2585 can be used as a flyback regulator by using a minimum number of external
components. The switching waveforms of this regulator are shown in Figure 22. Typical Performance
Characteristics observed during the operation of this circuit are shown in Figure 23.
A: Switch Voltage, 20 V/div
B: Switch Current, 2 A/div
C: Output Rectifier Current, 2 A/div
D: Output Ripple Voltage, 50 mV/div
AC-Coupled
Horizontal: 2 μs/div
Figure 22. Switching Waveforms
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Figure 23. VOUT Load Current Step Response
Typical Flyback Regulator Applications
Figure 24 through Figure 29 show six typical flyback applications, varying from single output to triple output. Each
drawing contains the part number(s) and manufacturer(s) for every component except the transformer. For the
transformer part numbers and manufacturers names, the table in Table 1. For applications with different output
voltages—requiring the LM2585-ADJ—or different output configurations that do not match the standard
configurations, refer to the Switchers Made Simple software.
Figure 24. Single-Output Flyback Regulator
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TRANSFORMER SELECTION (T)
Table 1 lists the standard transformers available for flyback regulator applications. Included in the table are the
turns ratio(s) for each transformer, as well as the output voltages, input voltage ranges, and the maximum load
currents for each circuit.
Table 1. Transformer Selection Table
Applications Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29
Transformers T7 T7 T7 T6 T6 T5
VIN 4V–6V 4V–6V 8V–16V 4V–6V 18V–36V 18V–36V
VOUT1 3.3V 5V 12V 12V 12V 5V
IOUT1 (Max) 1.4A 1A 0.8A 0.15A 0.6A 1.8A
N11 1 1 1.2 1.2 0.5
VOUT2 −12V −12V 12V
IOUT2 (Max) 0.15A 0.6A 0.25A
N21.2 1.2 1.15
VOUT3 −12V
IOUT3 (Max) 0.25A
N31.15
Table 2. Transformer Manufacturer Guide
Manufacturers' Part Numbers
Transform Coilcraft Pulse
Coilcraft Pulse Renco Schott
er Type (1) (2)
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Surface Mount Surface Mount
T5 Q4338-B Q4437-B PE-68413 — RL-5532 67140890
T6 Q4339-B Q4438-B PE-68414 — RL-5533 67140900
T7 S6000-A S6057-A — PE-68482 RL-5751 26606
(1) Coilcraft Inc. Phone: (800) 322-2645 www.coilcraft.com
(2) Pulse Engineering Inc. Phone: (619) 674-8100 www.digikey.com
(3) Renco Electronics Inc. Phone: (800) 645-5828 www.cdiweb.com/renco
(4) Schott Corp. Phone: (612) 475-1173 www.schottcorp.com/
TRANSFORMER FOOTPRINTS
Figure 30 through Figure 44 show the footprints of each transformer, listed in Table 1.
T7 T6
Figure 30. Coilcraft S6000-A Figure 31. Coilcraft Q4339-B
(Top View) (Top View)
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T5 T5
Figure 32. Coilcraft Q4437-B Figure 33. Coilcraft Q4338-B
(Top View) (Top View)
(Surface Mount)
T7 T6
Figure 34. Coilcraft S6057-A Figure 35. Coilcraft Q4438-B
(Top View) (Top View)
(Surface Mount) (Surface Mount)
T7 T6
Figure 36. Pulse PE-68482 Figure 37. Pulse PE-68414
(Top View) (Top View)
(Surface Mount)
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T5 T7
Figure 38. Pulse PE-68413 Figure 39. Renco RL-5751
(Top View) (Top View)
(Surface Mount)
T6 T5
Figure 40. Renco RL-5533 Figure 41. Renco RL-5532
(Top View) (Top View)
T7 T6
Figure 42. Schott 26606 Figure 43. Schott 67140900
(Top View) (Top View)
T5
Figure 44. Schott 67140890
(Top View)
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Step-Up (Boost) Regulator Operation
Figure 45 shows the LM2585 used as a step-up (boost) regulator. This is a switching regulator that produces an
output voltage greater than the input supply voltage.
A brief explanation of how the LM2585 Boost Regulator works is as follows (refer to Figure 45). When the NPN
switch turns on, the inductor current ramps up at the rate of VIN/L, storing energy in the inductor. When the
switch turns off, the lower end of the inductor flies above VIN, discharging its current through diode (D) into the
output capacitor (COUT) at a rate of (VOUT −VIN)/L. Thus, energy stored in the inductor during the switch on time
is transferred to the output during the switch off time. The output voltage is controlled by adjusting the peak
switch current, as described in Flyback Regulator.
Figure 45. 12V Boost Regulator
By adding a small number of external components (as shown in Figure 45), the LM2585 can be used to produce
a regulated output voltage that is greater than the applied input voltage. The switching waveforms observed
during the operation of this circuit are shown in Figure 46. Typical performance of this regulator is shown in
Figure 47.
A: Switch Voltage, 10 V/div
B: Switch Current, 2 A/div
C: Inductor Current, 2 A/div
D: Output Ripple Voltage,
100 mV/div, AC-Coupled
Horizontal: 2 μs/div
Figure 46. Switching Waveforms
Figure 47. VOUT Response to Load Current Step
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Typical Boost Regulator Applications
Figure 48 through Figure 51 show four typical boost applications)—one fixed and three using the adjustable
version of the LM2585. Each drawing contains the part number(s) and manufacturer(s) for every component. For
the fixed 12V output application, the part numbers and manufacturers' names for the inductor are listed in
Table 3. For applications with different output voltages, refer to the Switchers Made Simple software.
Figure 48. +5V to +12V Boost Regulator
Table 3 contains a table of standard inductors, by part number and corresponding manufacturer, for the fixed
output regulator of Figure 48.
Table 3. Inductor Selection Table
Coilcraft(1) Pulse(2) Renco(3) Schott(4) Schott (Surface Mount)(4)
D03316-153 PE-53898 RL-5471-7 67146510 67146540
(1) Coilcraft Inc. Phone: (800) 322-2645 1102 Silver Lake Road, Cary, IL 60013 Fax: (708) 639-1469
(2) Pulse Engineering Inc. Phone: (619) 674-8100 12220 World Trade Drive, San Diego, CA 92128 Fax: (619) 674-8262
(3) Renco Electronics Inc. Phone (800) 645-5828 60 Jeffryn Blvd. East, Deer Park, NY 11729 Fax: (516) 586-5562
(4) Schott Corp. Phone: (612) 475-1173 1000 Parkers Lane Road, Wayzata, MN 55391 Fax: (612) 475-1786
Figure 49. +12V to +24V Boost Regulator
Figure 50. +24V to +36V Boost Regulator
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 19
Product Folder Links: LM2585
LM2585
SNVS120F –APRIL 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
www.ti.com
*The LM2585 will require a heat sink in these applications. The size of the heat sink will depend on the maximum
ambient temperature. To calculate the thermal resistance of the IC and the size of the heat sink needed, the “HEAT
SINK/THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS” in the Application Hints.
Figure 51. +24V to +48V Boost Regulator
Application Hints
Figure 52. Boost Regulator
PROGRAMMING OUTPUT VOLTAGE
(SELECTING R1AND R2)
Referring to the adjustable regulator in Figure 52, the output voltage is programmed by the resistors R1and R2
by the following formula:
VOUT = VREF (1 + R1/R2)
where
• VREF = 1.23V (1)
Resistors R1and R2divide the output voltage down so that it can be compared with the 1.23V internal reference.
With R2between 1k and 5k, R1is:
R1= R2(VOUT/VREF −1)
where
• VREF = 1.23V (2)
For best temperature coefficient and stability with time, use 1% metal film resistors.
SHORT CIRCUIT CONDITION
Due to the inherent nature of boost regulators, when the output is shorted (Figure 52), current flows directly from
the input, through the inductor and the diode, to the output, bypassing the switch. The current limit of the switch
does not limit the output current for the entire circuit. To protect the load and prevent damage to the switch, the
current must be externally limited, either by the input supply or at the output with an external current limit circuit.
The external limit should be set to the maximum switch current of the device, which is 3A.
20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM2585
LM2585
www.ti.com
SNVS120F –APRIL 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
In a flyback regulator application (Figure 53), using the standard transformers, the LM2585 will survive a short
circuit to the main output. When the output voltage drops to 80% of its nominal value, the frequency will drop to
25 kHz. With a lower frequency, off times are larger. With the longer off times, the transformer can release all of
its stored energy before the switch turns back on. Hence, the switch turns on initially with zero current at its
collector. In this condition, the switch current limit will limit the peak current, saving the device.
Figure 53. Flyback Regulator
FLYBACK REGULATOR INPUT CAPACITORS
A flyback regulator draws discontinuous pulses of current from the input supply. Therefore, there are two input
capacitors needed in a flyback regulator; one for energy storage and one for filtering (Figure 53). Both are
required due to the inherent operation of a flyback regulator. To keep a stable or constant voltage supply to the
LM2585, a storage capacitor (≥100 μF) is required. If the input source is a rectified DC supply and/or the
application has a wide temperature range, the required rms current rating of the capacitor might be very large.
This means a larger value of capacitance or a higher voltage rating will be needed of the input capacitor. The
storage capacitor will also attenuate noise which may interfere with other circuits connected to the same input
supply voltage.
In addition, a small bypass capacitor is required due to the noise generated by the input current pulses. To
eliminate the noise, insert a 1.0 μF ceramic capacitor between VIN and ground as close as possible to the device.
SWITCH VOLTAGE LIMITS
In a flyback regulator, the maximum steady-state voltage appearing at the switch, when it is off, is set by the
transformer turns ratio, N, the output voltage, VOUT, and the maximum input voltage, VIN (Max):
VSW(OFF) = VIN (Max) + (VOUT +VF)/N
where
• VFis the forward biased voltage of the output diode and is 0.5V for Schottky diodes and 0.8V for ultra-fast
recovery diodes (typically). (3)
In certain circuits, there exists a voltage spike, VLL, superimposed on top of the steady-state voltage (Figure 22,
waveform A). Usually, this voltage spike is caused by the transformer leakage inductance and/or the output
rectifier recovery time. To “clamp” the voltage at the switch from exceeding its maximum value, a transient
suppressor in series with a diode is inserted across the transformer primary (as shown in the circuit on the front
page and other flyback regulator circuits throughout the datasheet). The schematic in Figure 53 shows another
method of clamping the switch voltage. A single voltage transient suppressor (the SA51A) is inserted at the
switch pin. This method clamps the total voltage across the switch, not just the voltage across the primary.
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 21
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www.ti.com
If poor circuit layout techniques are used (see CIRCUIT LAYOUT GUIDELINES), negative voltage transients may
appear on the Switch pin (pin 4). Applying a negative voltage (with respect to the IC's ground) to any monolithic
IC pin causes erratic and unpredictable operation of that IC. This holds true for the LM2585 IC as well. When
used in a flyback regulator, the voltage at the Switch pin (pin 4) can go negative when the switch turns on. The
“ringing” voltage at the switch pin is caused by the output diode capacitance and the transformer leakage
inductance forming a resonant circuit at the secondary(ies). The resonant circuit generates the “ringing” voltage,
which gets reflected back through the transformer to the switch pin. There are two common methods to avoid this
problem. One is to add an RC snubber around the output rectifier(s), as in Figure 53. The values of the resistor
and the capacitor must be chosen so that the voltage at the Switch pin does not drop below −0.4V. The resistor
may range in value between 10Ωand 1 kΩ, and the capacitor will vary from 0.001 μF to 0.1 μF. Adding a
snubber will (slightly) reduce the efficiency of the overall circuit.
The other method to reduce or eliminate the “ringing” is to insert a Schottky diode clamp between pins 4 and 3
(ground), also shown in Figure 53. This prevents the voltage at pin 4 from dropping below −0.4V. The reverse
voltage rating of the diode must be greater than the switch off voltage.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE LIMITATIONS
The maximum output voltage of a boost regulator is the maximum switch voltage minus a diode drop. In a
flyback regulator, the maximum output voltage is determined by the turns ratio, N, and the duty cycle, D, by the
equation:
VOUT ≈N × VIN × D/(1 −D) (4)
The duty cycle of a flyback regulator is determined by the following equation:
(5)
Theoretically, the maximum output voltage can be as large as desired—just keep increasing the turns ratio of the
transformer. However, there exists some physical limitations that prevent the turns ratio, and thus the output
voltage, from increasing to infinity. The physical limitations are capacitances and inductances in the LM2585
switch, the output diode(s), and the transformer—such as reverse recovery time of the output diode (mentioned
above).
Figure 54. Input Line Filter
NOISY INPUT LINE CONDITION
A small, low-pass RC filter should be used at the input pin of the LM2585 if the input voltage has an unusual
large amount of transient noise, such as with an input switch that bounces. The circuit in Figure 54 demonstrates
the layout of the filter, with the capacitor placed from the input pin to ground and the resistor placed between the
input supply and the input pin. Note that the values of RIN and CIN shown in the schematic are good enough for
most applications, but some readjusting might be required for a particular application. If efficiency is a major
concern, replace the resistor with a small inductor (say 10 μH and rated at 100 mA).
22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM2585
LM2585
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SNVS120F –APRIL 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
STABILITY
All current-mode controlled regulators can suffer from an instability, known as subharmonic oscillation, if they
operate with a duty cycle above 50%. To eliminate subharmonic oscillations, a minimum value of inductance is
required to ensure stability for all boost and flyback regulators. The minimum inductance is given by:
where
• VSAT is the switch saturation voltage and can be found in the Characteristic Curves. (6)
Figure 55. Circuit Board Layout
CIRCUIT LAYOUT GUIDELINES
As in any switching regulator, layout is very important. Rapidly switching currents associated with wiring
inductance generate voltage transients which can cause problems. For minimal inductance and ground loops,
keep the length of the leads and traces as short as possible. Use single point grounding or ground plane
construction for best results. Separate the signal grounds from the power grounds (as indicated in Figure 55).
When using the Adjustable version, physically locate the programming resistors as near the regulator IC as
possible, to keep the sensitive feedback wiring short.
HEAT SINK/THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS
In many cases, no heat sink is required to keep the LM2585 junction temperature within the allowed operating
range. For each application, to determine whether or not a heat sink will be required, the following must be
identified:
1) Maximum ambient temperature (in the application).
2) Maximum regulator power dissipation (in the application).
3) Maximum allowed junction temperature (125°C for the LM2585). For a safe, conservative design, a
temperature approximately 15°C cooler than the maximum junction temperature should be selected (110°C).
4) LM2585 package thermal resistances θJA and θJC (given in the Electrical Characteristics).
Total power dissipated (PD) by the LM2585 can be estimated as follows:
where
• VIN is the minimum input voltage
• VOUT is the output voltage
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 23
Product Folder Links: LM2585
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SNVS120F –APRIL 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
www.ti.com
• N is the transformer turns ratio
• D is the duty cycle
• ILOAD is the maximum load current (and ∑ILOAD is the sum of the maximum load currents for multiple-output
flyback regulators) (7)
The duty cycle is given by:
where
• VFis the forward biased voltage of the diode and is typically 0.5V for Schottky diodes and 0.8V for fast
recovery diodes
• VSAT is the switch saturation voltage and can be found in the Characteristic Curves (8)
When no heat sink is used, the junction temperature rise is:
ΔTJ= PD×θJA. (9)
Adding the junction temperature rise to the maximum ambient temperature gives the actual operating junction
temperature:
TJ=ΔTJ+ TA. (10)
If the operating junction temperature exceeds the maximum junction temperatue in item 3 above, then a heat
sink is required. When using a heat sink, the junction temperature rise can be determined by the following:
ΔTJ= PD× (θJC +θInterface +θHeat Sink) (11)
Again, the operating junction temperature will be:
TJ=ΔTJ+ TA(12)
As before, if the maximum junction temperature is exceeded, a larger heat sink is required (one that has a lower
thermal resistance).
Included in the Switchers Made Simple design software is a more precise (non-linear) thermal model that can
be used to determine junction temperature with different input-output parameters or different component values.
It can also calculate the heat sink thermal resistance required to maintain the regulator junction temperature
below the maximum operating temperature.
To further simplify the flyback regulator design procedure, Texas Instruments is making available computer
design software to be used with the Simple Switcher line of switching regulators. Switchers Made Simple
available on a 3½″diskette for IBM compatible computers from a Texas Instruments sales office in your area or
the Texas Instruments Customer Response Center ((800) 477-8924).
24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM2585
LM2585
www.ti.com
SNVS120F –APRIL 2000–REVISED APRIL 2013
REVISION HISTORY
Changes from Revision E (April 2013) to Revision F Page
• Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 24
Copyright © 2000–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 25
Product Folder Links: LM2585
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 17-Mar-2017
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status
(1)
Package Type Package
Drawing Pins Package
Qty Eco Plan
(2)
Lead/Ball Finish
(6)
MSL Peak Temp
(3)
Op Temp (°C) Device Marking
(4/5)
Samples
LM2585S-12/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S
-12 P+
LM2585S-3.3/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S
-3.3 P+
LM2585S-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S
-5.0 P+
LM2585S-ADJ NRND DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 45 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2585S
-ADJ P+
LM2585S-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S
-ADJ P+
LM2585SX-12/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 500 Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S
-12 P+
LM2585SX-5.0 NRND DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 500 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2585S
-5.0 P+
LM2585SX-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 500 Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S
-5.0 P+
LM2585SX-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 500 Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2585S
-ADJ P+
LM2585T-12/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDH 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2585T
-12 P+
LM2585T-3.3/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDH 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2585T
-3.3 P+
LM2585T-5.0/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDH 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2585T
-5.0 P+
LM2585T-ADJ NRND TO-220 NDH 5 45 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 125 LM2585T
-ADJ P+
LM2585T-ADJ/NOPB ACTIVE TO-220 NDH 5 45 Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM2585T
-ADJ P+
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 17-Mar-2017
Addendum-Page 2
(2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package
Type Package
Drawing Pins SPQ Reel
Diameter
(mm)
Reel
Width
W1 (mm)
A0
(mm) B0
(mm) K0
(mm) P1
(mm) W
(mm) Pin1
Quadrant
LM2585SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2
LM2585SX-5.0 DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2
LM2585SX-5.0/NOPB DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2
LM2585SX-ADJ/NOPB DDPAK/
TO-263 KTT 5 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 2-Sep-2015
Pack Materials-Page 1
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
LM2585SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTT 5 500 367.0 367.0 45.0
LM2585SX-5.0 DDPAK/TO-263 KTT 5 500 367.0 367.0 45.0
LM2585SX-5.0/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTT 5 500 367.0 367.0 45.0
LM2585SX-ADJ/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTT 5 500 367.0 367.0 45.0
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 2-Sep-2015
Pack Materials-Page 2
MECHANICAL DATA
NDH0005D
www.ti.com
MECHANICAL DATA
KTT0005B
www.ti.com
BOTTOM SIDE OF PACKAGE
TS5B (Rev D)
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