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sig nal-to-noise con di tions. The thresh old, or squelch, off sets the
com para tor’s slic ing level from 0 to 90 mV, and is set with a re sis tor
be tween the RREF and THLD1 pins. This thresh old al lows a trade-
off be tween re ceiver sen si tiv ity and out put noise den sity in the
no-signal con di tion. For best sen si tiv ity, the thresh old is set to 0. In
this case, noise is out put con tin u ously when no sig nal is pres ent.
This, in turn, re quires the cir cuit be ing driven by the RXDATA pin to
be able to pro cess noise (and sig nals) con tin u ously.
This can be a prob lem if RXDATA is driv ing a cir cuit that must
“sleep” when data is not pres ent to con serve power, or when it its
nec es sary to min i mize false in ter rupts to a multitasking pro ces sor.
In this case, noise can be greatly re duced by in creas ing the thresh -
old level, but at the ex pense of sen si tiv ity. The best 3 dB band width
for the low-pass fil ter is also af fected by the thresh old level set ting of
DS1. The band width must be in creased as the thresh old is in -
creased to min i mize data pulse-width vari a tions with sig nal am pli -
tude.
Data slicer DS2 can over come this com pro mise once the sig nal
level is high enough to en able its op er a tion. DS2 is a “dB- below-
peak” slicer. The peak de tec tor charges rap idly to the peak value of
each data pulse, and de cays slowly in be tween data pulses (1:1000
ra tio). The slicer trip point can be set from 0 to 120 mV be low this
peak value with a re sis tor be tween RREF and THLD2. A thresh old
of 60 mV is the most com mon set ting, which equates to “6 dB be low
peak” when RFA1 and RFA2 are run ning a 50%-50% duty cy cle.
Slicing at the “6 dB-below-peak” point re duces the sig nal am pli tude
to data pulse-width vari a tion, al low ing a lower 3 dB fil ter band width
to be used for im proved sen si tiv ity.
DS2 is best for ASK mod u la tion where the trans mit ted wave form
has been shaped to min i mize sig nal band width. How ever, DS2 is
sub ject to be ing tem po rarily “blinded” by strong noise pulses, which
can cause burst data er rors. Note that DS1 is ac tive when DS2 is
used, as RXDATA is the log i cal AND of the DS1 and DS2 out puts.
DS2 can be dis abled by leav ing THLD2 dis con nected. A non-zero
DS1 thresh old is re quired for proper AGC op er a tion.
AGC Con trol
The out put of the Peak De tec tor also pro vides an AGC Re set sig nal
to the AGC Con trol func tion through the AGC com para tor. The pur
-
pose of the AGC func tion is to ex tend the dy namic range of the re
-
ceiver, so that two trans ceiv ers can op er ate close to gether when
run ning ASK and/or high data rate mod u la tion. The on set of sat u ra -
tion in the out put stage of RFA1 is de tected and gen er ates the AGC
Set sig nal to the AGC Con trol func tion. The AGC Con trol func tion
then se lects the 5 dB gain mode for RFA1. The AGC Com para tor
will send a re set sig nal when the Peak De tec tor out put (mul ti plied by
0.8) falls be low the thresh old volt age for DS1.
A ca pac i tor at the AGCCAP pin avoids AGC “chat ter ing” dur ing the
time it takes for the sig nal to prop a gate through the low-pass fil ter
and charge the peak de tec tor. The AGC ca pac i tor also al lows the
hold-in time to be set lon ger than the peak de tec tor de cay time to
avoid AGC chat ter ing dur ing runs of “0” bits in the re ceived data
stream. Note that AGC op er a tion re quires the peak de tec tor to be
func tion ing, even if DS2 is not be ing used. AGC op er a tion can be
de feated by con nect ing the AGCCAP pin to Vcc. The AGC can be
latched ON once en gaged by con nect ing a 150 kilohm re sis tor be
-
tween the AGCCAP pin and ground in lieu of a ca pac i tor.
Re ceiver Pulse Gen er a tor and RF Am pli fier Bias
The re ceiver am pli fier-sequence op er a tion is con trolled by the Pulse
Gen er a tor & RF Am pli fier Bias mod ule, which in turn is con trolled by
the PRATE and PWIDTH in put pins, and the Power Down (sleep)
Con trol Sig nal from the Mod u la tion & Bias Con trol func tion.
In the low data rate mode, the in ter val be tween the fall ing edge of
one RFA1 ON pulse to the ris ing edge of the next RFA1 ON pulse
tPRI is set by a re sis tor be tween the PRATE pin and ground. The in -
ter val can be ad justed be tween 0.1 and 5 µs. In the high data rate
mode (se lected at the PWIDTH pin) the re ceiver RF am pli fi ers op er -
ate at a nom i nal 50%-50% duty cy cle. In this case, the start-to-start
pe riod tPRC for ON pulses to RFA1 are con trolled by the PRATE re -
sis tor over a range of 0.1 to 1.1 µs.
In the low data rate mode, the PWIDTH pin sets the width of the ON
pulse tPW1 to RFA1 with a re sis tor to ground (the ON pulse width
tPW2 to RFA2 is set at 1.1 times the pulse width to RFA1 in the low
data rate mode). The ON pulse width tPW1 can be ad justed be tween
0.55 and 1 µs. How ever, when the PWIDTH pin is con nected to Vcc
through a 1 M re sis tor, the RF am pli fi ers op er ate at a nom i nal
50%-50% duty cy cle, fa cil i tat ing high data rate op er a tion. In this
case, the RF am pli fi ers are con trolled by the PRATE re sis tor as de -
scribed above.
Both re ceiver RF am pli fi ers are turned off by the Power Down Con
-
trol Sig nal, which is in voked in the sleep and trans mit modes.
Trans mit ter Chain
The trans mit ter chain con sists of a SAW de lay line os cil la tor fol -
lowed by a mod u lated buffer am pli fier. The SAW fil ter sup presses
trans mit ter har mon ics to the an tenna. Note that the same SAW de -
vices used in the am pli fier-sequenced re ceiver are re used in the
trans mit modes.
Trans mit ter op er a tion sup ports two mod u la tion for mats, on-off
keyed (OOK) mod u la tion, and am pli tude-shift keyed (ASK) mod u la
-
tion. When OOK mod u la tion is cho sen, the trans mit ter out put turns
com pletely off be tween “1” data pulses. When ASK mod u la tion is
cho sen, a “1” pulse is rep re sented by a higher trans mit ted power
level, and a “0” is rep re sented by a lower trans mit ted power level.
OOK mod u la tion pro vides com pat i bil ity with first-generation ASH
tech nol ogy, and pro vides for power con ser va tion. ASK mod u la tion
must be used for high data rates (data pulses less than 30 µs). ASK
mod u la tion also re duces the ef fects of some types of in ter fer ence
and al lows the trans mit ted pulses to be shaped to con trol mod u la
-
tion band width.
The mod u la tion for mat is cho sen by the state of the CNTRL0 and
the CNTRL1 mode con trol pins, as dis cussed be low. When ei ther
mod u la tion for mat is cho sen, the re ceiver RF am pli fi ers are turned
off. In the OOK mode, the de lay line os cil la tor am pli fier TXA1 and
buffer am pli fier TXA2 are turned off when the volt age to the TXMOD
in put falls be low 220 mV. In the OOK mode, the data rate is lim ited
by the turn-on and turn-off times of the de lay line os cil la tor, which
are 12 and 6 µs re spec tively. In the ASK mode TXA1 is bi ased ON
con tin u ously, and the out put of TXA2 is mod u lated by the TXMOD
in put current. Min i mum out put power oc curs in the ASK mode when
the mod u la tion driver sinks about 10 µA of cur rent from the TXMOD
pin.
The trans mit ter RF out put power is pro por tional to the in put cur rent
to the TXMOD pin. A se ries re sis tor is used to ad just the peak trans -
mit ter out put power. 0 dBm out put power re quires about 250 µA of
in put cur rent.
Trans ceiver Mode Con trol
The four trans ceiver op er at ing modes – re ceive, trans mit ASK,
trans mit OOK, and power-down (sleep), are con trolled by the Mod u -
la tion & Bias Con trol func tion, and are se lected with the CNTRL1
6