TPS7A4501M www.ti.com SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 LOW-NOISE FAST-TRANSIENT-RESPONSE 1.5-A LOW-DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR Check for Samples: TPS7A4501M FEATURES 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * APPLICATIONS Optimized for Fast Transient Response Output Current: 1.5 A High Output Voltage Accuracy: 1% at 25C Dropout Voltage: 300 mV Low Noise: 35 VRMS (10 Hz to 100 kHz) High Ripple Rejection: 68 dB at 1KHz 1-mA Quiescent Current No Protection Diodes Needed Controlled Quiescent Current in Dropout Adjustable Output from 1.21 V to 20 V Less Than 1-A Quiescent Current in Shutdown Stable with 10-F Ceramic Output Capacitor Reverse-Battery Protection Reverse Current Protection * * * Industrial Wireless Infrastructure Radio-Frequency Systems SUPPORTS DEFENSE, AEROSPACE, AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS * * * * Controlled Baseline One Assembly and Test Site One Fabrication Site Available in Military (-55C to 125C) Temperature Range (1) Extended Product Life Cycle Extended Product-Change Notification Product Traceability * * * (1) Custom temperature ranges available U PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 3/4 SHDN IN IN IN NC 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 5 6 GND SENSE/ADJ OUT OUT OUT DESCRIPTION The TPS7A4501 is a low-dropout (LDO) regulator optimized for fast transient response. The device can supply 1.5 A of output current with a dropout voltage of 300 mV. Operating quiescent current is 1 mA, dropping to less than 1 A in shutdown. Quiescent current is well controlled; it does not rise in dropout, as with many other regulators. In addition to fast transient response, the TPS7A4501 regulator has very low output noise, which makes it ideal for sensitive RF supply applications. Output voltage range is from 1.21 V to 20 V. The TPS7A4501 is stable with output capacitance as low as 10 F. Small ceramic capacitors can be used without the necessary addition of ESR, as is common with other regulators. Internal protection circuitry includes reverse-battery protection, current limiting, thermal limiting, and reverse-current protection. The device is available as an adjustable device with a 1.21-V reference voltage. The TPS7A4501 regulator is available in the 10-pin GDFP (U) package. 1 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated TPS7A4501M SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 www.ti.com This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. ORDERING INFORMATION (1) TJ PACKAGE ORDERABLE PART NUMBER TOP-SIDE MARKING GDFP (U) TPS7A4501MUB 5962-1222401QHA 1222401QHA 7A4501MU KGD TPS7A4501MKGD1 5962-1222401Q9A N/A -55C to 125C (1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI website at www.ti.com. BARE DIE INFORMATION 2 DIE THICKNESS BACKSIDE FINISH BACKSIDE POTENTIAL BOND PAD METALLIZATION COMPOSITION BOND PAD THICKNESS 15 mils. Silicon with backgrind Floating TiW/AlCu2 1627 nm Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M TPS7A4501M www.ti.com SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 Table 1. Bond Pad Coordinates in Microns (1) (1) DESCRIPTION PAD NUMBER X MIN Y MIN X MAX Y MAX SHDN 1 1729.25 55.5 1879.25 205.5 IN 2 1037.25 875 1187.25 1025 IN 3 1460.75 1255.5 1610.75 1405.5 IN 4 1037.75 1384.5 1187.75 1534.5 OUT 5 774.25 1634.75 924.25 1784.75 OUT 6 675.25 1166 825.25 1316 OUT 7 345.5 1299.25 495.5 1449.25 SENSE/ADJ 8 55.5 213 205.5 363 GND 9 244 17.5 394 167.5 Substrate is not to be connected. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) over operating junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted) Input voltage range, VIN IN -20 V to 20 V OUT -20 V to 20 V Input-to-output differential (2) -20 V to 20 V ADJ -7 V to 7 V SHDN -20 V to 20 V Maximum lead temperature (10-s soldering time), Tlead 260C Maximum operating junction temperature, TJ 125C Storage temperature range, Tstg (1) (2) -65C to 150C Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute maximum input-to-output differential voltage cannot be achieved with all combinations of rated IN pin and OUT pin voltages. With the IN pin at 20 V, the OUT pin may not be pulled below 0 V. The total measured voltage from IN to OUT can not exceed 20 V. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS over operating junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN TJ Operating junction temperature NOM -55 MAX UNIT 125 C THERMAL INFORMATION TPS7A4501 THERMAL METRIC U UNITS 10 PINS JC (1) Package thermal impedance (1) 14.7 C/W The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7 (plastic) or MIL-STD-883 Method 1012 (ceramic). Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M 3 TPS7A4501M SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 www.ti.com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Over operating junction temperature range TJ = -55C to 125C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VIN Minimum input voltage (2) VADJ ADJ pin voltage (2) (3) 2.3 ILOAD = 1.5 A Full range 2.1 2.5 25C 1.197 1.21 1.222 VIN = 2.5 V to 20 V, ILOAD = 1 mA to 1.5 A Full range 1.174 1.21 1.246 Line regulation (2) VIN = 2.21 V to 20 V, ILOAD = 1 mA Full range 1.5 3 Load regulation (2) VIN = 2.5 V, ILOAD = 1 mA to 1.5 A (4) Dropout voltage VIN = 2.4 V (5) (6) ILOAD = 100 mA ILOAD = 1.5 A eN IADJ GND pin current (6) VIN = 2.5 V (7) Output voltage noise ADJ pin bias current 25C 2 Full range 8 18 25C 0.02 Full range 0.085 Full range 0.13 25C 0.17 Full range 0.21 0.300 Full range V 0.50 0.750 Full range 1 1.5 ILOAD = 1 mA Full range 1.1 1.6 ILOAD = 100 mA Full range 3.3 7 ILOAD = 500 mA Full range 15 30 ILOAD = 1.5 A Full range 80 130 25C 35 55 VRMS 3 7 A 0.9 2 COUT = 10 F, ILOAD = 1.5 A, BW = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 25C VOUT = OFF to ON Full range VOUT = ON to OFF Full range 0.15 0.75 0.01 1 3 20 Quiescent current in shutdown VIN = 6 V, V SHDN = 0 V 25C 0.01 1 Ripple rejection (10) VIN - VOUT = 1.5 V (avg), VRIPPLE = 0.5 VP-P, fRIPPLE = 120 Hz, ILOAD = 0.75 A 25C 60 68 25C 1.7 1.9 VIN = 2.5 V Full range 1.6 1.9 Input reverse leakage current VIN = -20 V, VOUT = 0 V Full range Reverse output current (11) VOUT = 1.21 V, VIN < 1.21 V IRO mV 0.27 25C 25C IIL mV 0.10 25C Current limit (10) V 0.07 25C V SHDN = 20 V ILIMIT V 0.05 V SHDN = 0 V SHDN pin current UNIT ILOAD = 0 mA (2) (9) Shutdown threshold I SHDN MAX 1.9 ILOAD = 500 mA (8) TYP (1) 25C ILOAD = 1 mA IGND MIN ILOAD = 0.5 A VIN = 2.21 V, ILOAD = 1 mA VDO TJ VIN = 7 V, VOUT = 0 V 25C 300 mA V A A dB A 300 A 500 A (1) Typical values represent the likely parametric nominal values determined at the time of characterization. Typical values depend on the application and configuration and may vary over time. Typical values are not ensured on production material. (2) The TPS7A4501 is tested and specified for these conditions with the ADJ pin connected to the OUT pin. (3) Dropout voltages are limited by the minimum input voltage specification under some output voltage/load conditions. (4) Operating conditions are limited by maximum junction temperature. The regulated output voltage specification does not apply for all possible combinations of input voltage and output current. When operating at maximum input voltage, the output current range must be limited. When operating at maximum output current, the input voltage range must be limited. (5) Dropout voltage is the minimum input to output voltage differential needed to maintain regulation at a specified output current. In dropout, the output voltage is equal to: VIN - VDROPOUT. (6) To satisfy requirements for minimum input voltage, the TPS7A4501 is tested and specified for these conditions with an external resistor divider (two 4.12-k resistors) for an output voltage of 2.4 V. The external resistor divider adds a 300-A DC load on the output. (7) GND pin current is tested with VIN = 2.5 V and a current source load. The GND pin current decreases at higher input voltages. (8) Specification is guaranteed by bench characterization and is not tested in production. (9) ADJ pin bias current flows into the ADJ pin. (10) Specification is guaranteed by characterization for KGD and is not tested in production. (11) Reverse output current is tested with the IN pin grounded and the OUT pin forced to the rated output voltage. This current flows into the OUT pin and out the GND pin. 4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M TPS7A4501M www.ti.com SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 DEVICE INFORMATION TERMINAL FUNCTIONS PIN NO. 1 DESCRIPTION NAME SHDN Shutdown. SHDN is used to put the TPS7A4501 regulator into a low-power shutdown state. The output is off when SHDN is pulled low. SHDNcan be driven by 5-V logic, 3-V logic or open-collector logic with a pullup resistor. The pullup resistor is required to supply the pullup current of the open-collector gate, normally several microamperes, and SHDN current, typically 3 A. If unused, SHDN must be connected to VIN. The device is in the low-power shutdown state if SHDN is not connected. 2, 3, 4 IN Input. Power is supplied to the device through IN. A bypass capacitor is required on this pin if the device is more than six inches away from the main input filter capacitor. In general, the output impedance of a battery rises with frequency, so it is advisable to include a bypass capacitor in battery-powered circuits. A bypass capacitor (ceramic) in the range of 1 F to 10 F is sufficient. The TPS7A4501 regulator is designed to withstand reverse voltages on IN with respect to ground and on OUT. In the case of a reverse input, which can happen if a battery is plugged in backwards, the device acts as if there is a diode in series with its input. There is no reverse current flow into the regulator, and no reverse voltage appears at the load. The device protects both itself and the load. 5 NC Not connected 6, 7, 8 OUT Output. The output supplies power to the load. A minimum output capacitor (ceramic) of 10 F is required to prevent oscillations. Larger output capacitors are required for applications with large transient loads to limit peak voltage transients. 9 ADJ Adjust. This is the input to the error amplifier. ADJ is internally clamped to 7 V. It has a bias current of 3 A that flows into the pin. ADJ voltage is 1.21 V referenced to ground, and the output voltage range is 1.21 V to 20 V. 10 GND Ground. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M 5 TPS7A4501M SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs OUTPUT CURRENT DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE 480 500 450 IOUT = 1.5 A 400 Dropout Voltage - mV Dropout Voltage - mV 360 350 TA = 125C 300 250 200 TA = 25C 150 240 IOUT = 0.5 A IOUT = 100 mA 120 100 50 IOUT = 1 mA 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0 -50 1.6 -25 50 75 100 125 Figure 2. QUIESCENT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE 100 125 1.84 VIN = 6 V 1.4 1.3 VTPS7A4518 OUT Fixed 1.8 V IIOUT OUT = 1 mA 1.83 IOUT = 0 A VSHDN = VIN 1.82 1.2 1.1 Output Voltage - V Quiescent Current - mA 25 Figure 1. 1.5 VOUT Fixed 3.3 V TPS7A4533 1 0.9 VOUT Adjustable TPS7A4501 0.8 1.81 1.8 1.79 1.78 0.7 1.77 0.6 0.5 -50 1.76 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 -50 -25 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C Figure 3. 6 0 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C Output Current - A 0 25 50 75 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C Figure 4. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M TPS7A4501M www.ti.com SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE 2.58 2.56 3.38 VOUT Fixed 2.5 V TPS7A4525 IIOUT = 1 mA OUT = 1 mA 3.34 Output Voltage - V Output Voltage - V 2.54 2.52 2.5 2.48 3.32 3.3 3.28 2.46 3.26 2.44 3.24 2.42 -50 VTPS7A4533 OUT Fixed 3.3 V IOUT = 1 mA IOUT 3.36 3.22 -25 0 25 50 75 100 -50 125 -25 75 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs TEMPERATURE QUIESCENT CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE 100 125 1.2 TJ = 25C VOUT Adjustable TPS7A4501 I 1 mA IOUT OUT = 1=mA V IN = 6 V V =6V ROUT = 4.3 k W 1 VSHDN = VIN IN 1.215 1.21 1.205 1.2 VOUT Adjustable TPS7A4501 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.195 1.19 -50 50 Figure 6. Quiescent Current - mA Output Voltage - V 1.22 25 Figure 5. 1.23 1.225 0 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C TA - Free-Air Temperature - C 0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 2 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C Figure 7. 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Input Voltage - V Figure 8. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M 7 TPS7A4501M SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) GROUND CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE GROUND CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE 10 100 90 TJ = 25C VSHDN = VIN VSHDN = VIN TPS7A4501 VOUT Adjustable 80 TPS7A4501 VOUT Adjustable 8 VOUT = 1.21 V 70 VOUT = 1.21 V 60 Ground Current - mA Ground Current - mA TJ = 25C IOUT = 1.5 A 50 40 IOUT = 1 A 30 6 IOUT = 300 mA 4 IOUT = 100 mA 20 2 IOUT = 0.5 A 10 IOUT = 10 mA 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 Input Voltage - V 5 6 7 8 9 10 Input Voltage - V Figure 9. Figure 10. GROUND CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE GROUND CURRENT vs INPUT VOLTAGE 40 120 TJ = 25C TJ = 25C VSHDN = VIN 35 VSHDN = VIN 100 VOUT Fixed 3.3 V TPS7A4533 TPS7A4533 VOUT Fixed 3.3 V Ground Current - mA Ground Current - mA 30 25 IOUT = 300 mA 20 IOUT = 100 mA 15 IOUT = 10 mA 80 IOUT = 1.5 A 60 40 IOUT = 1 A 10 20 IOUT = 0.5 A 5 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 Input Voltage - V 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Input Voltage - V Figure 11. 8 2 Figure 12. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M TPS7A4501M www.ti.com SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) GROUND CURRENT vs OUTPUT CURRENT SHDN INPUT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 1 80 VIN = VOUT(nom) + 1 VSHDN = 0 V 70 SHDN Input Current - A Ground Current - mA 60 50 40 30 20 0.75 0.5 0.25 10 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0 -50 1.6 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 100 125 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C Output Current - A Figure 13. Figure 14. SHDN INPUT CURRENT vs SHDN INPUT VOLTAGE SHDN THRESHOLD (OFF TO ON) vs TEMPERATURE 2.5 1 2.25 0.9 2 0.8 SHDN Input Voltage - V SHDN Input Current - A IOUT = 1 mA 1.75 1.5 1.25 1 0.75 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.25 0.1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C SHDN Input Voltage - V Figure 15. Figure 16. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M 9 TPS7A4501M SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) SHDN THRESHOLD (ON TO OFF) vs TEMPERATURE ADJ BIAS CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 5 1 0.9 4.5 0.8 4 0.7 3.5 ADJ Bias Current - A SHDN Input Voltage - V IOUT = 1 mA 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 3 2.5 2 1.5 0.2 1 0.1 0.5 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 0 -50 125 -25 0 25 50 75 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C TA - Free-Air Temperature - C Figure 17. Figure 18. CURRENT LIMIT vs INPUT/OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE CURRENT LIMIT vs TEMPERATURE 3.5 100 125 5 D ?VOUT = 100 mV VIN = 7 V 3 VOUT = 0 V TA = -40C 4 TA = 25C Current Limit - A Current Limit - A 2.5 2 TA = 125C 1.5 3 2 1 1 0.5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Input/Output Differential Voltage - V 18 20 0 -50 -25 Figure 19. 10 0 25 50 75 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C 100 125 Figure 20. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M TPS7A4501M www.ti.com SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT vs OUTPUT VOLTAGE REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 12 1000 TJ = 25C VIN = 0 V VIN = 0 V Current flows into OUT pin Reverse Output Current - A Reverse Output Current - mA 10 8 VOUT Adjustable TPS7A4501 V OUT ADJ VOUT = =VV ADJ 6 4 2 800 600 VOUT Fixed 3.3V TPS7A4533 VOUT==3.3 3.3VV VOUT 400 VOUT Adjustable TPS7A4501 V 1.21VV OUT VOUT ==1.21 200 0 VOUT Fixed 3.3 V TPS7A4533 VOUT = FB VFB VOUT =V -2 0 2 4 6 8 0 -50 10 -25 0 Output Voltage - V 25 50 75 100 125 100 125 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C Figure 21. Figure 22. RIPPLE REJECTION vs FREQUENCY LOAD REGULATION vs TEMPERATURE 80 20 IOUT = 1.5 A 15 70 10 Load Regulation - mV Ripple Rejection - dB 60 50 40 30 20 10 VIN = 2.7 V VIN = 2.7 V CIN = 0 CIN = 0 COUT = 10 F (ceramic) COUT = 10 F IOUT = 750 mA IOUT = 750 mA VRipple = 0.05 VPP VRipple = 0.05 Vpp TA = 25C 100 1000 1k 0 -5 -10 -15 VOUTTPS7A4518 Fixed 1.8 V VOUTTPS7A4525 Fixed 2.5 V -20 -25 VOUTTPS7A4533 Fixed 3.3 V -30 -35 0 10 VOUTTPS7A4501 Adjustable 5 10000 10k 100000 100k 100000 1M -50 -25 0 25 50 75 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C Frequency - Hz Figure 23. Figure 24. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M 11 TPS7A4501M SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 www.ti.com TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE 1 V = 4.3 V VIN IN = 4.3 V C CIN F IN = 10 F C C OUT == 10 10 F F (ceramic) Change in Outupt Voltage OUT TPS7A4533 V OUT Fixed 3.3 V 0.1 Load Current Output Noise Hz Output NoiseVoltage Voltage--V/ VORMS 10(ceramic) F COUTC=OUT 10=F IOUT =IOUT 1.5=A1.5 A VTPS7A4501 OUT Adjustable 0.01 10 100 1k Frequency - Hz 10k 20 mV VOUT 0 mV -20 mV 500 mA IOUT 10 mA 100k 500 s per division Figure 25. Figure 26. Change in Outupt Voltage LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE VININ == 4.3 4.3VV V CININ ==10 10 F F C = OUT C =10 10F F(ceramic) OUT VOUT 20 mV 0 mV Load Current -20 mV 1.5 A IOUT 10 mA 500 s per division Figure 27. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M TPS7A4501M www.ti.com SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 APPLICATION INFORMATION The TPS7A4501 is a 1.5-A low-dropout regulator optimized for fast transient response. The device is capable of supplying 1.5 A at a dropout voltage of 300 mV. The low operating quiescent current (1 mA) drops to less than 1 A in shutdown. In addition to the low quiescent current, the TPS7A4501 regulator incorporates several protection features that makes it ideal for use in battery-powered systems. The device is protected against both reverse input and reverse output voltages. In battery-backup applications where the output can be held up by a backup battery when the input is pulled to ground, the TPS7A4501 acts as if it has a diode in series with its output and prevents reverse current flow. Additionally, in dual-supply applications where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the output can be pulled below ground by as much as (20 V - VIN) and still allow the device to start and operate. Typical Applications IN 10 F (ceramic) VIN > 3 V 2.5 V at 1.5 A OUT 10 F (ceramic) TPS7A4525 SENSE SHDN GND Figure 29. 3.3 V to 2.5 V Regulator R5 0.01 W VIN > 2.7 V C1 10 F TPS7A4518 R1 1 kW + OUT IN LOAD SHDN SENSE GND R2 80.6 kW R4 2.2 kW R6 2.2 kW C3 1 F R3 2 kW + C2 3.3 F R8 100 kW R7 470 kW - NOTE: All capacitors are ceramic. Figure 30. Adjustable Current Source Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M 13 TPS7A4501M SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 www.ti.com R1 0.01 W VIN > 3.7 V IN 3.3 V at 3 A OUT TPS7A4533 C1 10 F C2 22 F SHDN SENSE GND R2 0.01 W IN OUT TPS7A4501 SHDN R6 6.65 kW SHDN SENSE GND R7 4.12 kW R3 2.2 kW R4 2.2 kW R5 1 kW + - C3 0.01 F NOTE: All capacitors are ceramic. Figure 31. Paralleling Regulators for Higher Output Current RP IN OUT TPS7A4501 VIN SHDN SENSE Load GND RP Figure 32. Kelvin Sense Connection 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M TPS7A4501M www.ti.com SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 Adjustable Operation The adjustable TPS7A4501 has an output voltage range of 1.21 V to 20 V. The output voltage is set by the ratio of two external resistors as shown in Figure 33. The device maintains the voltage at the ADJ pin at 1.21 V referenced to ground. The current in R1 is then equal to (1.21 V/R1), and the current in R2 is the current in R1 plus the ADJ pin bias current. The ADJ pin bias current, 3 A at 25C, flows through R2 into the ADJ pin. The output voltage can be calculated using the formula shown in Figure 33. The value of R1 should be less than 4.17 k to minimize errors in the output voltage caused by the ADJ pin bias current. Note that in shutdown the output is turned off, and the divider current is zero. IN VOUT OUT TPS7A4501 R2 VIN ADJ GND R1 R2 + (I ADJ)(R2) VOUT = 1.21 V )1 + R1) VADJ = 1.21 V IADJ = 3 A at 25C Output range = 1.21 V to 20 V Extra consideration must be given to the use of ceramic capacitors. Ceramic capacitors are manufactured with a variety of dielectrics, each with different behavior over temperature and applied voltage. The most common dielectrics used are Z5U, Y5V, X5R and X7R. The Z5U and Y5V dielectrics are good for providing high capacitances in a small package, but exhibit strong voltage and temperature coefficients. When used with a 5-V regulator, a 10-F Y5V capacitor can exhibit an effective value as low as 1 F to 2 F over the operating temperature range. The X5R and X7R dielectrics result in more stable characteristics and are more suitable for use as the output capacitor. The X7R type has better stability across temperature, while the X5R is less expensive and is available in higher values. Voltage and temperature coefficients are not the only sources of problems. Some ceramic capacitors have a piezoelectric response. A piezoelectric device generates voltage across its terminals due to mechanical stress, similar to the way a piezoelectric accelerometer or microphone works. For a ceramic capacitor the stress can be induced by vibrations in the system or thermal transients. Overload Recovery Figure 33. Adjustable Operation The adjustable device is tested and specified with the ADJ pin tied to the OUT pin for an output voltage of 1.21 V. Specifications for output voltages greater than 1.21 V are proportional to the ratio of the desired output voltage to 1.21 V: VOUT/1.21 V. For example, load regulation for an output current change of 1 mA to 1.5 A is -3 mV (typ) at VOUT = 1.21 V. At VOUT = 5 V, load regulation is: (5 V/1.21 V)(-3 mV) = -12.4 mV Output Capacitance and Transient Response The TPS7A4501 regulator is designed to be stable with a wide range of output capacitors. The ESR of the output capacitor affects stability, most notably with small capacitors. A minimum output capacitor of 10 F with an ESR of 3 or less is recommended to prevent oscillations. Larger values of output capacitance can decrease the peak deviations and provide improved transient response for larger load current changes. Bypass capacitors, used to decouple individual components powered by the TPS7A4501, increase the effective output capacitor value. Like many IC power regulators, the TPS7A4501 has safe operating area protection. The safe area protection decreases the current limit as input-tooutput voltage increases and keeps the power transistor inside a safe operating region for all values of input-to-output voltage. The protection is designed to provide some output current at all values of inputto-output voltage up to the device breakdown. When power is first turned on, as the input voltage rises, the output follows the input, allowing the regulator to start up into very heavy loads. During start up, as the input voltage is rising, the input-tooutput voltage differential is small, allowing the regulator to supply large output currents. With a high input voltage, a problem can occur wherein removal of an output short does not allow the output voltage to recover. Other regulators also exhibit this phenomenon, so it is not unique to the TPS7A4501. The problem occurs with a heavy output load when the input voltage is high and the output voltage is low. Common situations occur immediately after the removal of a short circuit or when the shutdown pin is pulled high after the input voltage has already been turned on. The load line for such a load may intersect the output current curve at two points. If this happens, there are two stable output operating points for the regulator. With this double intersection, the input power supply may need to be cycled down to zero and brought up again to make the output recover. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M 15 TPS7A4501M SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 www.ti.com Output Voltage Noise The TPS7A4501 regulator has been designed to provide low output voltage noise over the 10-Hz to 100-kHz bandwidth while operating at full load. Output voltage noise is typically 35 nV/Hz over this frequency bandwidth for the TPS7A4501. For higher output voltages (generated by using a resistor divider), the output voltage noise is gained up accordingly. This results in RMS noise over the 10-Hz to 100-kHz bandwidth of 14 VRMS. Higher values of output voltage noise may be measured when care is not exercised with regard to circuit layout and testing. Crosstalk from nearby traces can induce unwanted noise onto the output of the TPS7A4501. Power-supply ripple rejection must also be considered; the TPS7A4501 regulator does not have unlimited power-supply rejection and passes a small portion of the input noise through to the output. Thermal Considerations The power handling capability of the device is limited by the maximum rated junction temperature (125C). The power dissipated by the device is made up of two components: 16 1. Output current multiplied by the input/output voltage differential: IOUT(VIN - VOUT) 2. GND pin current multiplied by the input voltage: IGNDVIN. The GND pin current can be found using the GND Pin Current graphs in Typical Characteristics. Power dissipation is equal to the sum of the two components listed above. The TPS7A45xx series regulators have internal thermal limiting designed to protect the device during overload conditions. For continuous normal conditions, the maximum junction temperature rating of 125C must not be exceeded. It is important to give careful consideration to all sources of thermal resistance from junction to ambient. Additional heat sources mounted nearby must also be considered. For surface-mount devices, heat sinking is accomplished by using the heat-spreading capabilities of the PC board and its copper traces. Copper board stiffeners and plated through-holes can also be used to spread the heat generated by power devices. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M TPS7A4501M www.ti.com SLVSBG4 - DECEMBER 2012 Calculating Junction Temperature Example: Given an output voltage of 3.3 V, an input voltage range of 4 V to 6 V, an output current range of 0 mA to 500 mA, and a maximum case temperature of 50C, what is the maximum junction temperature? The power dissipated by the device is equal to: IOUT(MAX)(VIN(MAX) - VOUT) + IGND(VIN(MAX)) where, IOUT(MAX) = 500 mA VIN(MAX) = 6 V IGND at (IOUT = 500 mA, VIN = 6 V) = 10 mA So, P = 500 mA x (6 V - 3.3 V) + 10 mA x 6 V = 1.41 W Using a U package, the thermal resistance is about 14.7C/W. So the junction temperature rise above case is approximately equal to: 1.41 W x 14.7C/W = 20.7C The maximum junction temperature is then be equal to the maximum junction-temperature rise above case plus the maximum case temperature or: TJMAX = 50C + 20.7C = 70.7C Protection Features The TPS7A4501 regulator incorporates several protection features which makes it ideal for use in battery-powered circuits. In addition to the normal protection features associated with monolithic regulators, such as current limiting and thermal limiting, the device is protected against reverse input voltages, reverse output voltages and reverse voltages from output to input. Current limit protection and thermal overload protection are intended to protect the device against current overload conditions at the output of the device. For normal operation, the junction temperature should not exceed 125C. The input of the device withstands reverse voltages of 20 V. Current flow into the device is limited to less than 1 mA (typically less than 100 A), and no negative voltage appears at the output. The device protects both itself and the load. This provides protection against batteries that can be plugged in backward. The output of the TPS7A4501 can be pulled below ground without damaging the device. If the input is left open circuit or grounded, the output can be pulled below ground by 20 V. The output acts like an open circuit; no current flows out of the pin. If the input is powered by a voltage source, the output sources the short-circuit current of the device and protects itself by thermal limiting. In this case, grounding the SHDN pin turns off the device and stops the output from sourcing the short-circuit current. The ADJ pin of the adjustable device can be pulled above or below ground by as much as 7 V without damaging the device. If the input is left open circuit or grounded, the ADJ pin acts like an open circuit when pulled below ground and like a large resistor (typically 5 k) in series with a diode when pulled above ground. In situations where the ADJ pin is connected to a resistor divider that would pull the ADJ pin above its 7-V clamp voltage if the output is pulled high, the ADJ pin input current must be limited to less than 5 mA. For example, a resistor divider is used to provide a regulated 1.5-V output from the 1.21-V reference when the output is forced to 20 V. The top resistor of the resistor divider must be chosen to limit the current into the ADJ pin to less than 5 mA when the ADJ pin is at 7 V. The 13-V difference between OUT and ADJ divided by the 5-mA maximum current into the ADJ pin yields a minimum top resistor value of 2.6 k. In circuits where a backup battery is required, several different input/output conditions can occur. The output voltage may be held up while the input is either pulled to ground, pulled to some intermediate voltage, or is left open circuit. When the IN pin of the TPS7A4501 is forced below the OUT pin or the OUT pin is pulled above the IN pin, input current typically drops to less than 2 A. This can happen if the input of the device is connected to a discharged (low voltage) battery and the output is held up by either a backup battery or a second regulator circuit. The state of the SHDN pin has no effect on the reverse output current when the output is pulled above the input. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M 17 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 11-Apr-2013 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish (2) MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (C) Top-Side Markings (3) (4) 5962-1222401Q9A ACTIVE XCEPT KGD 0 100 TBD Call TI Call TI -55 to 125 5962-1222401QHA ACTIVE CFP U 10 1 TBD Call TI Call TI -55 to 125 TPS7A4501MKGD1 ACTIVE XCEPT KGD 0 100 TBD Call TI N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 TPS7A4501MUB ACTIVE CFP U 10 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 1222401QHA 7A4501MU 1222401QHA 7A4501MU (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) Multiple Top-Side Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Top-Side Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Top-Side Marking for that device. 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Addendum-Page 1 Samples PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 11-Apr-2013 OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF TPS7A4501M : * Catalog: TPS7A4501 NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions: * Catalog - TI's standard catalog product Addendum-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. Buyers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All semiconductor products (also referred to herein as "components") are sold subject to TI's terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. 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