1
2
3
4
5
10
9
8
7
6
SHDN
IN
IN
IN
NC
GND
SENSE/ADJ
OUT
OUT
OUT
¾
TPS7A4501M
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SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
LOW-NOISE FAST-TRANSIENT-RESPONSE
1.5-A LOW-DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Check for Samples: TPS7A4501M
1FEATURES
• Optimized for Fast Transient Response APPLICATIONS
• Output Current: 1.5 A • Industrial
• High Output Voltage Accuracy: 1% at 25°C • Wireless Infrastructure
• Dropout Voltage: 300 mV • Radio-Frequency Systems
• Low Noise: 35 μVRMS (10 Hz to 100 kHz) SUPPORTS DEFENSE, AEROSPACE,
• High Ripple Rejection: 68 dB at 1KHz AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
• 1-mA Quiescent Current • Controlled Baseline
• No Protection Diodes Needed • One Assembly and Test Site
• Controlled Quiescent Current in Dropout • One Fabrication Site
• Adjustable Output from 1.21 V to 20 V • Available in Military (–55°C to 125°C)
• Less Than 1-μA Quiescent Current in Temperature Range (1)
Shutdown • Extended Product Life Cycle
• Stable with 10-μF Ceramic Output Capacitor • Extended Product-Change Notification
• Reverse-Battery Protection • Product Traceability
• Reverse Current Protection (1) Custom temperature ranges available
U PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
DESCRIPTION
The TPS7A4501 is a low-dropout (LDO) regulator optimized for fast transient response. The device can supply
1.5 A of output current with a dropout voltage of 300 mV. Operating quiescent current is 1 mA, dropping to less
than 1 μA in shutdown. Quiescent current is well controlled; it does not rise in dropout, as with many other
regulators. In addition to fast transient response, the TPS7A4501 regulator has very low output noise, which
makes it ideal for sensitive RF supply applications.
Output voltage range is from 1.21 V to 20 V. The TPS7A4501 is stable with output capacitance as low as 10 μF.
Small ceramic capacitors can be used without the necessary addition of ESR, as is common with other
regulators. Internal protection circuitry includes reverse-battery protection, current limiting, thermal limiting, and
reverse-current protection. The device is available as an adjustable device with a 1.21-V reference voltage. The
TPS7A4501 regulator is available in the 10-pin GDFP (U) package.
1Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
TPS7A4501M
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
www.ti.com
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.
ORDERING INFORMATION(1)
ORDERABLE TOP-SIDE
TJPACKAGE PART NUMBER MARKING
TPS7A4501MUB 1222401QHA
GDFP (U) 5962-1222401QHA 7A4501MU
–55°C to 125°C TPS7A4501MKGD1
KGD N/A
5962-1222401Q9A
(1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI
website at www.ti.com.
BARE DIE INFORMATION
BACKSIDE BOND PAD BOND PAD
DIE THICKNESS BACKSIDE FINISH POTENTIAL METALLIZATION COMPOSITION THICKNESS
15 mils. Silicon with backgrind Floating TiW/AlCu2 1627 nm
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SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
Table 1. Bond Pad Coordinates in Microns(1)
DESCRIPTION PAD NUMBER X MIN Y MIN X MAX Y MAX
SHDN 1 1729.25 55.5 1879.25 205.5
IN 2 1037.25 875 1187.25 1025
IN 3 1460.75 1255.5 1610.75 1405.5
IN 4 1037.75 1384.5 1187.75 1534.5
OUT 5 774.25 1634.75 924.25 1784.75
OUT 6 675.25 1166 825.25 1316
OUT 7 345.5 1299.25 495.5 1449.25
SENSE/ADJ 8 55.5 213 205.5 363
GND 9 244 17.5 394 167.5
(1) Substrate is not to be connected.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1)
over operating junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
IN –20 V to 20 V
OUT –20 V to 20 V
Input voltage range, VIN Input-to-output differential(2) –20 V to 20 V
ADJ –7 V to 7 V
SHDN –20 V to 20 V
Maximum lead temperature (10-s soldering time), Tlead 260°C
Maximum operating junction temperature, TJ125°C
Storage temperature range, Tstg –65°C to 150°C
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating
Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) Absolute maximum input-to-output differential voltage cannot be achieved with all combinations of rated IN pin and OUT pin voltages.
With the IN pin at 20 V, the OUT pin may not be pulled below 0 V. The total measured voltage from IN to OUT can not exceed ±20 V.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
over operating junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN NOM MAX UNIT
TJOperating junction temperature -55 125 °C
THERMAL INFORMATION TPS7A4501
THERMAL METRIC U UNITS
10 PINS
θJC Package thermal impedance (1) 14.7 °C/W
(1) The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7 (plastic) or MIL-STD-883 Method 1012 (ceramic).
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TPS7A4501M
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
www.ti.com
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Over operating junction temperature range TJ= –55°C to 125°C (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TJMIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
ILOAD = 0.5 A 25°C 1.9 2.3
VIN Minimum input voltage(2) (3) V
ILOAD = 1.5 A Full range 2.1 2.5
VIN = 2.21 V, ILOAD = 1 mA 25°C 1.197 1.21 1.222
VADJ ADJ pin voltage(2) (4) V
VIN = 2.5 V to 20 V, Full range 1.174 1.21 1.246
ILOAD = 1 mA to 1.5 A
ΔVIN = 2.21 V to 20 V,
Line regulation(2) Full range 1.5 3 mV
ILOAD = 1 mA
25°C 2 8
VIN = 2.5 V,
Load regulation(2) mV
ΔILOAD = 1 mA to 1.5 A Full range 18
25°C 0.02 0.05
ILOAD = 1 mA Full range 0.07
25°C 0.085 0.10
ILOAD = 100 mA Full range 0.13
Dropout voltage(5) (6)
VDO V
VIN = 2.4 V 25°C 0.17 0.21
ILOAD = 500 mA Full range 0.27
25°C 0.300 0.50
ILOAD = 1.5 A Full range 0.750
ILOAD = 0 mA Full range 1 1.5
ILOAD = 1 mA Full range 1.1 1.6
GND pin current(6) (7)
IGND ILOAD = 100 mA Full range 3.3 7 mA
VIN = 2.5 V ILOAD = 500 mA Full range 15 30
ILOAD = 1.5 A Full range 80 130
COUT = 10 μF, ILOAD = 1.5 A,
eN(8) Output voltage noise 25°C 35 55 μVRMS
BW= 10 Hz to 100 kHz
IADJ ADJ pin bias current(2) (9) 25°C 3 7 μA
VOUT = OFF to ON Full range 0.9 2
Shutdown threshold V
VOUT = ON to OFF Full range 0.15 0.75
VSHDN = 0 V 25°C 0.01 1
ISHDN SHDN pin current μA
VSHDN = 20 V 25°C 3 20
Quiescent current in shutdown VIN = 6 V, V SHDN = 0 V 25°C 0.01 1 μA
VIN – VOUT = 1.5 V (avg), VRIPPLE = 0.5 VP-P,
Ripple rejection(10) 25°C 60 68 dB
fRIPPLE = 120 Hz, ILOAD = 0.75 A
VIN = 7 V, VOUT = 0 V 25°C 1.7 1.9
ILIMIT Current limit(10) A
VIN = 2.5 V Full range 1.6 1.9
IIL Input reverse leakage current VIN = –20 V, VOUT = 0 V Full range 300 μA
IRO Reverse output current(11) VOUT = 1.21 V, VIN < 1.21 V 25°C 300 500 μA
(1) Typical values represent the likely parametric nominal values determined at the time of characterization. Typical values depend on the
application and configuration and may vary over time. Typical values are not ensured on production material.
(2) The TPS7A4501 is tested and specified for these conditions with the ADJ pin connected to the OUT pin.
(3) Dropout voltages are limited by the minimum input voltage specification under some output voltage/load conditions.
(4) Operating conditions are limited by maximum junction temperature. The regulated output voltage specification does not apply for all
possible combinations of input voltage and output current. When operating at maximum input voltage, the output current range must be
limited. When operating at maximum output current, the input voltage range must be limited.
(5) Dropout voltage is the minimum input to output voltage differential needed to maintain regulation at a specified output current. In
dropout, the output voltage is equal to: VIN – VDROPOUT.
(6) To satisfy requirements for minimum input voltage, the TPS7A4501 is tested and specified for these conditions with an external resistor
divider (two 4.12-kΩresistors) for an output voltage of 2.4 V. The external resistor divider adds a 300-µA DC load on the output.
(7) GND pin current is tested with VIN = 2.5 V and a current source load. The GND pin current decreases at higher input voltages.
(8) Specification is guaranteed by bench characterization and is not tested in production.
(9) ADJ pin bias current flows into the ADJ pin.
(10) Specification is guaranteed by characterization for KGD and is not tested in production.
(11) Reverse output current is tested with the IN pin grounded and the OUT pin forced to the rated output voltage. This current flows into the
OUT pin and out the GND pin.
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SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
DEVICE INFORMATION
TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
PIN DESCRIPTION
NO. NAME
Shutdown. SHDN is used to put the TPS7A4501 regulator into a low-power shutdown state. The output is off
when SHDN is pulled low. SHDNcan be driven by 5-V logic, 3-V logic or open-collector logic with a pullup
1 SHDN resistor. The pullup resistor is required to supply the pullup current of the open-collector gate, normally several
microamperes, and SHDN current, typically 3 μA. If unused, SHDN must be connected to VIN. The device is in
the low-power shutdown state if SHDN is not connected.
Input. Power is supplied to the device through IN. A bypass capacitor is required on this pin if the device is more
than six inches away from the main input filter capacitor. In general, the output impedance of a battery rises with
frequency, so it is advisable to include a bypass capacitor in battery-powered circuits. A bypass capacitor
2, 3, 4 IN (ceramic) in the range of 1 μF to 10 μF is sufficient. The TPS7A4501 regulator is designed to withstand reverse
voltages on IN with respect to ground and on OUT. In the case of a reverse input, which can happen if a battery
is plugged in backwards, the device acts as if there is a diode in series with its input. There is no reverse current
flow into the regulator, and no reverse voltage appears at the load. The device protects both itself and the load.
5 NC Not connected
Output. The output supplies power to the load. A minimum output capacitor (ceramic) of 10 μF is required to
6, 7, 8 OUT prevent oscillations. Larger output capacitors are required for applications with large transient loads to limit peak
voltage transients.
Adjust. This is the input to the error amplifier. ADJ is internally clamped to ±7 V. It has a bias current of 3 μA that
9 ADJ flows into the pin. ADJ voltage is 1.21 V referenced to ground, and the output voltage range is 1.21 V to 20 V.
10 GND Ground.
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1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.8
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
Output Voltage – V
VOUT Fixed 1.8 V
IOUT = 1 mA
TPS7A4518
I = 1 mA
OUT
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
Quiescent Current – mA
VIN = 6 V
IOUT = 0 A
VSHDN = VIN
VOUT Adjustable
VOUT Fixed 3.3 V
TPS7A4501
TPS7A4533
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Output Current – A
Dropout Voltage – mV
TA= 25°C
TA= 125°C
0
120
240
360
480
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
Dropout Voltage – mV
IOUT = 1.5 A
IOUT = 0.5 A
IOUT = 100 mA
IOUT = 1 mA
TPS7A4501M
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
DROPOUT VOLTAGE DROPOUT VOLTAGE
vs vs
OUTPUT CURRENT TEMPERATURE
Figure 1. Figure 2.
QUIESCENT CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs vs
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
Figure 3. Figure 4.
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Input Voltage – V
Quiescent Current – mA
TJ= 25°C
ROUT = 4.3 k
VSHDN = VIN
VOUT Adjustable
W
TPS7A4501
1.19
1.195
1.2
1.205
1.21
1.215
1.22
1.225
1.23
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
Output Voltage – V
VOUT Adjustable
IOUT = 1 mA
VIN = 6 V
TPS7A4501
I = 1 mA
V = 6 V
OUT
IN
2.42
2.44
2.46
2.48
2.5
2.52
2.54
2.56
2.58
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
Output Voltage – V
VOUT Fixed 2.5 V
IOUT = 1 mA
TPS7A4525
I = 1 mA
OUT
3.22
3.24
3.26
3.28
3.3
3.32
3.34
3.36
3.38
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
Output Voltage – V
VOUT Fixed 3.3 V
IOUT = 1 mA
TPS7A4533
I = 1 mA
OUT
TPS7A4501M
www.ti.com
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs vs
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
Figure 5. Figure 6.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE QUIESCENT CURRENT
vs vs
TEMPERATURE INPUT VOLTAGE
Figure 7. Figure 8.
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Input Voltage – V
Ground Current – mA
TJ= 25°C
VSHDN = VIN
VOUT Fixed 3.3 V
IOUT = 1.5 A
IOUT = 1 A
IOUT = 0.5 A
TPS7A4533
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Input Voltage – V
Ground Current – mA
TJ= 25°C
VSHDN = VIN
VOUT Fixed 3.3 V
IOUT = 300 mA
IOUT = 100 mA
IOUT = 10 mA
TPS7A4533
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Input Voltage – V
Ground Current – mA
TJ= 25°C
VSHDN = VIN
VOUT Adjustable
VOUT = 1.21 V
IOUT = 1.5 A
IOUT = 1 A
IOUT = 0.5 A
TPS7A4501
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Input Voltage – V
Ground Current – mA
TJ= 25°C
VSHDN = VIN
VOUT Adjustable
VOUT = 1.21 V
IOUT = 300 mA
IOUT = 100 mA
IOUT = 10 mA
TPS7A4501
TPS7A4501M
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
GROUND CURRENT GROUND CURRENT
vs vs
INPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE
Figure 9. Figure 10.
GROUND CURRENT GROUND CURRENT
vs vs
INPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE
Figure 11. Figure 12.
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0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.25
2.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
SHDN Input Voltage – V
SHDN Input Current – µA
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
SHDN Input Voltage – V
IOUT = 1 mA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Output Current – A
Ground Current – mA
VIN = VOUT(nom) + 1
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
SHDN Input Current – µA
VSHDN = 0 V
TPS7A4501M
www.ti.com
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
GROUND CURRENT SHDN INPUT CURRENT
vs vs
OUTPUT CURRENT TEMPERATURE
Figure 13. Figure 14.
SHDN INPUT CURRENT SHDN THRESHOLD (OFF TO ON)
vs vs
SHDN INPUT VOLTAGE TEMPERATURE
Figure 15. Figure 16.
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0
1
2
3
4
5
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
Current Limit – A
VIN = 7 V
VOUT = 0 V
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Input/Output Differential Voltage – V
Current Limit – A
?V
OUT = 100 mV
TA= -40°C
TA= 25°C
TA= 125°C
D
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
SHDN Input Voltage – V
IOUT = 1 mA
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
ADJ Bias Current – µA
TPS7A4501M
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
SHDN THRESHOLD (ON TO OFF) ADJ BIAS CURRENT
vs vs
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
Figure 17. Figure 18.
CURRENT LIMIT CURRENT LIMIT
vs vs
INPUT/OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE TEMPERATURE
Figure 19. Figure 20.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
10 100 1000 10000 100000 100000
Frequency – Hz
Ripple Rejection – dB
VIN = 2.7 V
CIN = 0
COUT = 10 µF
IOUT = 750 mA
VRipple = 0.05 Vpp
10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M
V = 2.7 V
C = 0
C = 10 µF (ceramic)
I = 750 mA
V = 0.05 V
T = 25°C
IN
IN
OUT
OUT
Ripple PP
A
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
Load Regulation – mV
VOUT Adjustable
VOUT Fixed 3.3 V
IOUT = 1.5 A
VOUT Fixed 2.5 V
VOUT Fixed 1.8 V
TPS7A4501
TPS7A4533
TPS7A4525
TPS7A4518
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 2 4 6 8 10
Output Voltage – V
Reverse Output Current – mA
TJ= 25°C
VIN = 0 V
Current flows into OUT pin
VOUT Adjustable
VOUT = VADJ
VOUT Fixed 3.3 V
VOUT = VFB
TPS7A4501
V = V
OUT ADJ
TPS7A4533
V = V
OUT FB
0
200
400
600
800
1000
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
TA– Free-Air Temperature – °C
Reverse Output Current – µA
VIN = 0 V
VOUT Adjustable
VOUT = 1.21 V
VOUT Fixed 3.3V
VOUT = 3.3 V
TPS7A4501
V = 1.21 V
OUT
TPS7A4533
V = 3.3 V
OUT
TPS7A4501M
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SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT
vs vs
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TEMPERATURE
Figure 21. Figure 22.
RIPPLE REJECTION LOAD REGULATION
vs vs
FREQUENCY TEMPERATURE
Figure 23. Figure 24.
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500 µs per division
VIN = 4.3 V
CIN = 10 µF
COUT = 10 µF
1.5 A
10 mA
20 mV
0 mV
-20 mV
Load Current
Change in
Outupt Voltage
VOUT
IOUT
V = 4.3 V
C = 10 µF
C = 10 µF (ceramic)
IN
IN
OUT
10 100 1k 10k 100k
0.01
0.1
1
Frequency - Hz
Output Noise Voltage – µVRMS
COUT = 10 µF
IOUT = 1.5 A
VOUT Adjustable
VOUT Fixed 3.3 V
TPS7A4501
TPS7A4533
C = 10 µF (ceramic)
I = 1.5 A
OUT
OUT
Output Noise Voltage – µV/ HzÖ
500 µs per division
500 mA
10 mA
20 mV
0 mV
-20 mV
Load Current
Change in
Outupt Voltage
VIN = 4.3 V
CIN = 10 µF
COUT = 10 µF
VOUT
IOUT
V = 4.3 V
C = 10 µF
C = 10 µF (ceramic)
IN
IN
OUT
TPS7A4501M
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
vs
FREQUENCY LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
Figure 25. Figure 26.
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
Figure 27.
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+
C1
10 µF
R3
2 kW
R2
80.6 kW
R4
2.2 kW
R5
0.01 W
R6
2.2 kW
TPS7A4518
SHDN
OUT
SENSE
-
+
R8
100 kW
LOAD
R7
470 kW
C3
1 µF
C2
3.3 µF
IN
GND
V > 2.7 V
IN
R1
1 kW
IN OUT
SENSE
GND
VIN > 3 V
2.5 V at 1.5 A
SHDN
TPS7A4525
10 µF
(ceramic)
10 µF
(ceramic)
TPS7A4501M
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SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
APPLICATION INFORMATION
The TPS7A4501 is a 1.5-A low-dropout regulator output voltages. In battery-backup applications where
optimized for fast transient response. The device is the output can be held up by a backup battery when
capable of supplying 1.5 A at a dropout voltage of the input is pulled to ground, the TPS7A4501 acts as
300 mV. The low operating quiescent current (1 mA) if it has a diode in series with its output and prevents
drops to less than 1 μA in shutdown. In addition to reverse current flow. Additionally, in dual-supply
the low quiescent current, the TPS7A4501 regulator applications where the regulator load is returned to a
incorporates several protection features that makes it negative supply, the output can be pulled below
ideal for use in battery-powered systems. The device ground by as much as (20 V - VIN) and still allow the
is protected against both reverse input and reverse device to start and operate.
Typical Applications
Figure 29. 3.3 V to 2.5 V Regulator
NOTE: All capacitors are ceramic.
Figure 30. Adjustable Current Source
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IN OUT
SENSE
GND
SHDN
TPS7A4501
Load
VIN
RP
RP
TPS7A4533
SHDN
OUT
SENSE
SHDN
OUT
R1
0.01 W
R2
0.01 W
R3
2.2 kW
R4
2.2 kW
R5
1 kW
R6
6.65 kW
R7
4.12 kW
C2
22 µF
SHDN
3.3 V at 3 A
–
+
IN
GND
V > 3.7 V
IN C1
10 µF
C3
0.01 µF
TPS7A4501
IN
SENSE
GND
TPS7A4501M
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
www.ti.com
NOTE: All capacitors are ceramic.
Figure 31. Paralleling Regulators for Higher Output Current
Figure 32. Kelvin Sense Connection
14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M
IN OUT
ADJ
GND
TPS7A4501 R2
VIN
VOUT
R1
V = 1.21 V
OUT 1R2
R1
)
(IADJ)(R2)
V = 1.21 V
ADJ
I = 3 µA at 25°C
ADJ
Output range = 1.21 V to 20 V
++
)
TPS7A4501M
www.ti.com
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
Adjustable Operation Extra consideration must be given to the use of
ceramic capacitors. Ceramic capacitors are
The adjustable TPS7A4501 has an output voltage manufactured with a variety of dielectrics, each with
range of 1.21 V to 20 V. The output voltage is set by different behavior over temperature and applied
the ratio of two external resistors as shown in voltage. The most common dielectrics used are Z5U,
Figure 33. The device maintains the voltage at the Y5V, X5R and X7R. The Z5U and Y5V dielectrics are
ADJ pin at 1.21 V referenced to ground. The current good for providing high capacitances in a small
in R1 is then equal to (1.21 V/R1), and the current in package, but exhibit strong voltage and temperature
R2 is the current in R1 plus the ADJ pin bias current. coefficients. When used with a 5-V regulator, a 10-μF
The ADJ pin bias current, 3 μA at 25°C, flows through Y5V capacitor can exhibit an effective value as low as
R2 into the ADJ pin. The output voltage can be 1μF to 2 μF over the operating temperature range.
calculated using the formula shown in Figure 33. The The X5R and X7R dielectrics result in more stable
value of R1 should be less than 4.17 kΩto minimize characteristics and are more suitable for use as the
errors in the output voltage caused by the ADJ pin output capacitor. The X7R type has better stability
bias current. Note that in shutdown the output is across temperature, while the X5R is less expensive
turned off, and the divider current is zero. and is available in higher values.
Voltage and temperature coefficients are not the only
sources of problems. Some ceramic capacitors have
a piezoelectric response. A piezoelectric device
generates voltage across its terminals due to
mechanical stress, similar to the way a piezoelectric
accelerometer or microphone works. For a ceramic
capacitor the stress can be induced by vibrations in
the system or thermal transients.
Overload Recovery
Like many IC power regulators, the TPS7A4501 has
safe operating area protection. The safe area
protection decreases the current limit as input-to-
output voltage increases and keeps the power
Figure 33. Adjustable Operation transistor inside a safe operating region for all values
of input-to-output voltage. The protection is designed
The adjustable device is tested and specified with the to provide some output current at all values of input-
ADJ pin tied to the OUT pin for an output voltage of to-output voltage up to the device breakdown.
1.21 V. Specifications for output voltages greater than When power is first turned on, as the input voltage
1.21 V are proportional to the ratio of the desired rises, the output follows the input, allowing the
output voltage to 1.21 V: VOUT/1.21 V. For example, regulator to start up into very heavy loads. During
load regulation for an output current change of 1 mA start up, as the input voltage is rising, the input-to-
to 1.5 A is –3 mV (typ) at VOUT = 1.21 V. At VOUT = 5 output voltage differential is small, allowing the
V, load regulation is: regulator to supply large output currents. With a high
(5 V/1.21 V)(–3 mV) = –12.4 mV input voltage, a problem can occur wherein removal
of an output short does not allow the output voltage
Output Capacitance and Transient Response to recover. Other regulators also exhibit this
phenomenon, so it is not unique to the TPS7A4501.
The TPS7A4501 regulator is designed to be stable
with a wide range of output capacitors. The ESR of The problem occurs with a heavy output load when
the output capacitor affects stability, most notably the input voltage is high and the output voltage is low.
with small capacitors. A minimum output capacitor of Common situations occur immediately after the
10 μF with an ESR of 3 Ωor less is recommended to removal of a short circuit or when the shutdown pin is
prevent oscillations. Larger values of output pulled high after the input voltage has already been
capacitance can decrease the peak deviations and turned on. The load line for such a load may intersect
provide improved transient response for larger load the output current curve at two points. If this happens,
current changes. Bypass capacitors, used to there are two stable output operating points for the
decouple individual components powered by the regulator. With this double intersection, the input
TPS7A4501, increase the effective output capacitor power supply may need to be cycled down to zero
value. and brought up again to make the output recover.
Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 15
Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M
TPS7A4501M
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
www.ti.com
Output Voltage Noise 1. Output current multiplied by the input/output
voltage differential: IOUT(VIN – VOUT)
The TPS7A4501 regulator has been designed to 2. GND pin current multiplied by the input voltage:
provide low output voltage noise over the 10-Hz to IGNDVIN.
100-kHz bandwidth while operating at full load.
Output voltage noise is typically 35 nV/√Hz over this The GND pin current can be found using the GND
frequency bandwidth for the TPS7A4501. For higher Pin Current graphs in Typical Characteristics. Power
output voltages (generated by using a resistor dissipation is equal to the sum of the two components
divider), the output voltage noise is gained up listed above.
accordingly. This results in RMS noise over the 10-Hz The TPS7A45xx series regulators have internal
to 100-kHz bandwidth of 14 μVRMS.thermal limiting designed to protect the device during
Higher values of output voltage noise may be overload conditions. For continuous normal
measured when care is not exercised with regard to conditions, the maximum junction temperature rating
circuit layout and testing. Crosstalk from nearby of 125°C must not be exceeded. It is important to
traces can induce unwanted noise onto the output of give careful consideration to all sources of thermal
the TPS7A4501. Power-supply ripple rejection must resistance from junction to ambient. Additional heat
also be considered; the TPS7A4501 regulator does sources mounted nearby must also be considered.
not have unlimited power-supply rejection and passes For surface-mount devices, heat sinking is
a small portion of the input noise through to the accomplished by using the heat-spreading
output. capabilities of the PC board and its copper traces.
Copper board stiffeners and plated through-holes can
Thermal Considerations also be used to spread the heat generated by power
The power handling capability of the device is limited devices.
by the maximum rated junction temperature (125°C).
The power dissipated by the device is made up of
two components:
16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M
TPS7A4501M
www.ti.com
SLVSBG4 –DECEMBER 2012
Calculating Junction Temperature The input of the device withstands reverse voltages
of 20 V. Current flow into the device is limited to less
Example: Given an output voltage of 3.3 V, an input than 1 mA (typically less than 100 μA), and no
voltage range of 4 V to 6 V, an output current range negative voltage appears at the output. The device
of 0 mA to 500 mA, and a maximum case protects both itself and the load. This provides
temperature of 50°C, what is the maximum junction protection against batteries that can be plugged in
temperature? backward.
The power dissipated by the device is equal to: The output of the TPS7A4501 can be pulled below
ground without damaging the device. If the input is
IOUT(MAX)(VIN(MAX) – VOUT)+IGND(VIN(MAX))left open circuit or grounded, the output can be pulled
where, below ground by 20 V. The output acts like an open
circuit; no current flows out of the pin. If the input is
IOUT(MAX) = 500 mA powered by a voltage source, the output sources the
VIN(MAX) =6V short-circuit current of the device and protects itself
by thermal limiting. In this case, grounding the SHDN
IGND at (IOUT = 500 mA, VIN =6V)=10mA pin turns off the device and stops the output from
So, sourcing the short-circuit current.
P = 500 mA × (6 V – 3.3 V) + 10 mA × 6 V = 1.41 W The ADJ pin of the adjustable device can be pulled
above or below ground by as much as 7 V without
Using a U package, the thermal resistance is about damaging the device. If the input is left open circuit or
14.7°C/W. So the junction temperature rise above grounded, the ADJ pin acts like an open circuit when
case is approximately equal to: pulled below ground and like a large resistor (typically
1.41 W × 14.7°C/W = 20.7°C 5 kΩ) in series with a diode when pulled above
ground.
The maximum junction temperature is then be equal
to the maximum junction-temperature rise above case In situations where the ADJ pin is connected to a
plus the maximum case temperature or: resistor divider that would pull the ADJ pin above its
7-V clamp voltage if the output is pulled high, the ADJ
TJMAX = 50°C + 20.7°C = 70.7°C pin input current must be limited to less than 5 mA.
For example, a resistor divider is used to provide a
Protection Features regulated 1.5-V output from the 1.21-V reference
when the output is forced to 20 V. The top resistor of
The TPS7A4501 regulator incorporates several the resistor divider must be chosen to limit the current
protection features which makes it ideal for use in into the ADJ pin to less than 5 mA when the ADJ pin
battery-powered circuits. In addition to the normal is at 7 V. The 13-V difference between OUT and ADJ
protection features associated with monolithic divided by the 5-mA maximum current into the ADJ
regulators, such as current limiting and thermal pin yields a minimum top resistor value of 2.6 kΩ.
limiting, the device is protected against reverse input
voltages, reverse output voltages and reverse In circuits where a backup battery is required, several
voltages from output to input. different input/output conditions can occur. The output
voltage may be held up while the input is either pulled
Current limit protection and thermal overload to ground, pulled to some intermediate voltage, or is
protection are intended to protect the device against left open circuit.
current overload conditions at the output of the
device. For normal operation, the junction When the IN pin of the TPS7A4501 is forced below
temperature should not exceed 125°C. the OUT pin or the OUT pin is pulled above the IN
pin, input current typically drops to less than 2 μA.
This can happen if the input of the device is
connected to a discharged (low voltage) battery and
the output is held up by either a backup battery or a
second regulator circuit. The state of the SHDN pin
has no effect on the reverse output current when the
output is pulled above the input.
Copyright © 2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 17
Product Folder Links: TPS7A4501M
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 11-Apr-2013
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status
(1)
Package Type Package
Drawing Pins Package
Qty Eco Plan
(2)
Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp
(3)
Op Temp (°C) Top-Side Markings
(4)
Samples
5962-1222401Q9A ACTIVE XCEPT KGD 0 100 TBD Call TI Call TI -55 to 125
5962-1222401QHA ACTIVE CFP U 10 1 TBD Call TI Call TI -55 to 125 1222401QHA
7A4501MU
TPS7A4501MKGD1 ACTIVE XCEPT KGD 0 100 TBD Call TI N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125
TPS7A4501MUB ACTIVE CFP U 10 1 TBD A42 N / A for Pkg Type -55 to 125 1222401QHA
7A4501MU
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4) Multiple Top-Side Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Top-Side Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a
continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Top-Side Marking for that device.
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