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LTC2876/LTC2877
21
28767fa
For more information www.linear.com/LTC2876
The IEC standard for ESD, IEC 61000-4-2, specifies a very
fast (sub-nanosecond) edge transient stimulus intended
for system level ESD testing and not specified at the device
level. However, if it is applied directly to the bus interface
pins, without any external protection devices, the LTC2876/
LTC2877 is protected to 4kV IEC when used in a typical ap-
plication, powered or unpowered, and terminated with the
standard PROFIBUS load. This is not tested in production.
EFT
Electrical fast transients can result from arcing contacts
in switches and relays, common when switching induc-
tive loads. The IEC standard for EFT is IEC61000-4-4 and
specifies a repetitive burst pattern lasting 60 seconds. The
LTC2876/LTC2877 is robust to EFT events and passes the
highest level recognized in the IEC standard: level 4, ±2kV
on the PA and PB pins, without any external protection.
Auxiliary Protection for Surge
Surge events represent the most severe transient condi-
tions caused by such things as load switching in power
distribution systems, high current short circuit faults,
and lighting strikes. These are addressed in standard IEC
61000-4-5, which specifies repetitive voltage and current
waveforms used to deliver high power stimulus lasting tens
of microseconds each. The LTC2876/LTC2877 is designed
for high robustness against ESD and EFT, but the on-chip
protection is not able to absorb the energy associated with
the IEC 61000-4-5 surge transients. External protection is
necessary to achieve a high level of surge protection, and
can also extend the ESD and EFT protection to extremely
high levels.
In addition to providing transient protection, externally con-
nected devices must preserve the ability of the LTC2876/
LTC2877 to operate over a wide common mode voltage
and yet safely clamp the pin voltage low enough to avoid
damage during the overstress event. The added protection
must be low in capacitance to avoid excessively loading
applicaTions inForMaTion
the transceiver bus, allowing operation at full data rate.
The LTC2876/LTC2877’s ±60V pin rating makes it easy
to find protection devices meeting these requirements.
Figure21 shows a solution providing ±4kV protection of
the bus Interface pins (PA and PB) for all three IEC 61000
standards as follows:
IEC 61000-4-5 2nd Ed. 2005-11 Surge Level 4: ±4kV
(line to GND, 8/20µs waveform, each line coupled to
generator through 80Ω resistor per Figure 14 of the
standard)
IEC 61000-4-4 2nd Ed. 2004-07 EFT Level 4: ±4kV
(line to GND, 5kHz repetition rate, 15ms burst duration
every 300ms, 60s test duration, discharge coupled to
bus pins through 100pF capacitor per paragraph 7.3.2
of the standard)
IEC 61000-4-2 2nd Ed. 2008-12 ESD Level 3: ±4kV
contact (line to GND, direct discharge to bus pins with
transceiver and standard PROFIBUS resistor load and
protection circuit mounted on a ground referenced test
card per Figure 4 of the standard)
The TVS devices in Figure 21 have a typical clamp voltage
of about 36V, comfortably beyond the LTC2876/LTC2877’s
common mode operating range of ±25V and well below
the ±60V rating. Since the LTC2876/LTC2877 bus pins are
rated for ±60V, the clamping device must maintain volt-
ages less than this when conducting peak current during
the overstress event. This relatively wide voltage window
permits the use of smaller, more resistive clamps, which
generally also have less capacitance.
Tw o of these TVS devices are used in an antiparallel con-
figuration because each can only protect in one polarity.
The benefit of these uni-directional TVS devices is their low
capacitance, offering a total load of only about 50pF to the
signal lines in this configuration, permitting the LTC2876/
LTC2877 to communicate at maximum data rates with no
significant performance degradation.