Detailed Description
The MAX17521 dual step-down regulator operates from
4.5V to 60V and delivers up to 1A load current on each
output. Feedback voltage regulation accuracy meets
±1.7% over load, line and temperature.
The device uses a peak-current-mode control scheme.
For each output, an internal transconductance error
amplifier generates an integrated error voltage. The error
voltage sets the duty cycle using a PWM comparator, a
high-side current-sense amplifier, and a slope-compensation
generator. At each rising edge of the clock, the high-side
pMOSFET turns on and remains on until either the appro-
priate or maximum duty cycle is reached, or the peak
current limit is detected.
During the high-side MOSFET’s on-time, the inductor
current ramps up. During the second half of the switching
cycle, the high-side MOSFET turns off and the low-side
nMOSFET turns on and remains on until either the next
rising edge of the clock arrives or sink current limit is
detected. The inductor releases the stored energy as its
current ramps down, and provides current to the output
(the internal low RDSON pMOS/nMOS switches ensure
high efficiency at full load).
This device also integrates switching frequency selector pin
and individual mode of operation selector pins, enable/
undervoltage lockout (EN/UVLO) pins, programmable
soft-start pins, and open-drain RESET signals for each
output.
Mode of Operation Selection
The logic state of the MODE pins are latched when VCC
and EN/UVLO voltages exceed the respective UVLO
rising thresholds and all internal voltages are ready to
allow LX switching. If the MODE pin is open at power-
up, the corresponding output operates in PFM mode at
light loads. If the MODE pin is grounded at power-up, the
corresponding output operates in constant-frequency
PWM mode at all loads. State changes on the MODE pins
are ignored during normal operation.
PWM Mode Operation
In PWM mode, the inductor current is allowed to go negative.
PWM operation provides constant frequency operation at
all loads, and is useful in applications sensitive to switching
frequency. However, the PWM mode of operation gives
lower efficiency at light loads compared to the PFM mode
of operation.
PFM Mode Operation
PFM mode of operation disables negative inductor
current and additionally skips pulses at light loads for high
efficiency. In PFM mode, the inductor current is forced to
a fixed peak of 300mA every clock cycle until the output
rises to 103% of the nominal voltage. Once the output
reaches 103% of the nominal voltage, both the high-side
and low-side FETs are turned off and the device enters
hibernate operation until the load discharges the output to
101% of the nominal voltage. Most of the internal blocks
are turned off in hibernate operation to save quiescent
current. After the output falls below 101% of the nominal
voltage, the device comes out of hibernate operation,
turns on all internal blocks and again commences the
process of delivering pulses of energy to the output until it
reaches 103% of the nominal output voltage.
The advantage of the PFM mode is higher efficiency at
light loads because of lower quiescent current drawn
from supply. The disadvantage is that the output-voltage
ripple is higher compared to PWM mode of operation and
switching frequency is not constant at light loads.
Linear Regulator (VCC)
Two internal linear regulators (VCC1, VCC2) provide 5V
nominal supplies to power the internal blocks and the
low-side MOSFET drivers. The output of the VCC linear
regulators should be bypassed with 1μF ceramic capacitors
to SGND. The device employs two undervoltage-lockout
circuits that disable the internal linear regulators when
VCC falls below 3.7V (typ). Each of the VCC regulators
can source up to 40mA (typ) to supply the device and to
power the low-side gate drivers.
Switching Frequency Selection
The FSEL pin programs the switching frequency of both
the converters. If the FSEL pin is open at power-up, both
the outputs operate at 560 kHz switching frequency. If the
FSEL pin is grounded at power-up, both the outputs operate
at 300kHz switching frequency.
MAX17521 60V, 1A, Dual-Output, High-Efciency,
Synchronous Step-Down DC-DC Converter
www.maximintegrated.com Maxim Integrated
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