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Please contact a Renesas Electronics sales office if you have any questions regarding the information contained in this document or Renesas Electronics products, or if you have any other inquiries. (Note 1) "Renesas Electronics" as used in this document means Renesas Electronics Corporation and also includes its majorityowned subsidiaries. (Note 2) "Renesas Electronics product(s)" means any product developed or manufactured by or for Renesas Electronics. HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Switching Regulator for Chopper Type DC/DC Converter REJ03F0055-0200Z (Previous: ADE-204-020A) Rev.2.0 Sep.18.2003 Description The HA16114P/FP/FPJ and HA16120FP/FPJ are single-channel PWM switching regulator controller ICs suitable for chopper-type DC/DC converters. Integrated totem-pole output circuits enable these ICs to drive the gate of a power MOSFET directly. The output logic of the HA16120 is designed to control a DC/DC step-up (boost) converter using an N-channel power MOS FET. The output logic of the HA16114 is designed to control a DC/DC step-down (buck) converter or inverting converter using a P-channel power MOS FET. These ICs can operate synchronously with external pulse, a feature that makes them ideal for power supplies that use a primary-control AC/DC converter to convert commercial AC power to DC, then use one or more DC/DC converters on the secondary side to obtain multiple DC outputs. Synchronization is with the falling edge of the `sync' pulse, which can be the secondary output pulse from a flyback transformer. Synchronization eliminates the beat interference that can arise from different operating frequencies of the AC/DC and DC/DC converters, and reduces harmonic noise. Synchronization with an AC/DC converter using a forward transformer is also possible, by inverting the `sync' pulse. Overcurrent protection features include a pulse-by-pulse current limiter that can reduce the width of individual PWM pulses, and an intermittent operating mode controlled by an on-off timer. Unlike the conventional latched shutdown function, the intermittent operating function turns the IC on and off at controlled intervals when pulse-by-pulse current limiting continues for a programmable time. This results in sharp vertical settling characteristics. Output recovers automatically when the overcurrent condition subsides. Using these ICs, a compact, highly efficient DC/DC converter can be designed easily, with a reduced number of external components. Functions * 2.5 V voltage reference * Sawtooth oscillator (Triangle wave) * Overcurrent detection * External synchronous input * Totem-pole output * Undervoltage lockout (UVL) * Error amplifier * Vref overvoltage protection (OVP) Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 1 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Features * Wide supply voltage range: 3.9 V to 40 V* * Maximum operating frequency: 600 kHz * Able to drive a power MOS FET (1 A maximum peak current) by the built-in totem-pole gate predriver circuit * Can operate in synchronization with an external pulse signal, or with another controller IC * Pulse-by-pulse overcurrent limiting (OCL) * Intermittent operation under continuous overcurrent * Low quiescent current drain when shut off by grounding the ON/OFF pin HA16114: IOFF = 10 A (max) HA16120: IOFF = 150 A (max) * Externally trimmable reference voltage (Vref): 0.2 V * Externally adjustable undervoltage lockout points (with respect to VIN) * Stable oscillator frequency * Soft start and quick shut function Note: The reference voltage 2.5 V is under the condition of VIN 4.5 V. Ordering Information Hitachi Control ICs for Chopper-Type DC/DC Converters Product Channel Channels Number No. Step-Up Step-Down Dual HA17451 Ch 1 Ch 2 Single HA16114 HA16120 Dual Control Functions Overcurrent Inverting Output Circuits Protection Open collector SCP with timer (latch) -- -- -- -- -- HA16116 Ch 1 -- Totem pole power MOS FET driver Pulse-by-pulse current limiter and intermittent operation by on/off timer Ch 2 -- -- HA16121 Ch 1 -- Ch 2 -- -- Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 2 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Pin Arrangement GND*1 1 16 Vref SYNC 2 15 ADJ RT 3 14 DB CT 4 13 ON/OFF IN(-) 5 12 TM E/O 6 11 CL(-) IN(+) 7 10 VIN P.GND*1 8 9 OUT (Top view) Note: 1. Pin 1 (GND) and Pin 8 (P.GND) must be connected each other with external wire. Pin Description Pin No. Symbol Function 1 GND Signal ground 2 SYNC External sync signal input (synchronized with falling edge) 3 RT Oscillator timing resistor connection (bias current control) 4 CT Oscillator timing capacitor connection (sawtooth voltage output) 5 IN(-) Inverting input to error amplifier 6 E/O Error amplifier output 7 IN(+) Non-inverting input to error amplifier 8 P.GND Power ground 9 OUT Output (pulse output to gate of power MOS FET) 10 VIN Power supply input 11 CL(-) Inverting input to current limiter 12 TM Timer setting for intermittent shutdown when overcurrent is detected (sinks timer transistor current) 13 ON/OFF IC on/off control (off below approximately 0.7 V) 14 DB Dead-band duty cycle control input 15 ADJ Reference voltage (Vref) adjustment input 16 Vref 2.5 V reference voltage output Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 3 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Block Diagram Vref 16 ADJ ADJ DB ON/OFF TM CL(-) VIN OUT 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 VIN ON/OFF 2.5V bandgap reference voltage generator from UVL UVL H L VL VH 0.2 V - 1k + CL Vref 0.3V UVL output Latch S Q R OVP from UVL PWM COMP VIN + - + Triangle waveform generator *1 OUT NAND (HA16114) 1.6 V 1.0 V 1k 0.3 V Latch reset pulses 1.1 V RT Bias current from UVL + EA - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 GND SYNC RT CT IN(-) E/O IN(+) P.GND Note: 1. The HA16120 has an AND gate. Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 4 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Timing Waveforms Generation of PWM pulse output from sawtooth wave (during steady-state operation) T= Dead-band voltage (at DB) 1 fOSC 1.6 V typ Sawtooth wave (at CT) 1.0 V typ Error amplifier output (at E/O) HA16114 PWM pulse output (drives gate of P-channel power MOS FET) VIN HA16120 PWM pulse output (drives gate of N-channel power MOS FET) VIN Off 0V 0V Off Off Off Off Off On On On On On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Time t Note: On duty = tON T Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 5 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Guide to the Functional Description The description covers the topics indicated below. Oscillator 1. frequency (fOSC) control and synchronization DC/DC output 2. voltage setting and error amplifier usage 3. Dead-band and soft-start settings Output stage and 4. power MOS FET driving method GND*1 1 16 Vref SYNC 2 15 ADJ RT 3 14 DB CT 4 13 ON/OFF IN(-) 5 12 TM E/O 6 11 CL(-) IN(+) 7 10 VIN P.GND*1 8 9 OUT Vref adjustment, undervoltage 5. lockout, and overcurrent protection 6. ON/OFF pin usage Intermittent 7. mode timing during overcurrent 8. Setting of current limit (Top view) Note: 1. P.GND is a high-current (1 A maximum peak) ground pin connected to the totem-pole output circuit. GND is a low-current ground pin connected to the Vref voltage reference. Both pins must be grounded. 1. Sawtooth Oscillator (Triangle Wave) 1.1 Operation and Frequency Control The sawtooth wave is a voltage waveform from which the PWM pulses are created (See figure 1). The sawtooth oscillator operates as follows. A constant current IO determined by an external timing resistor RT is fed continuously to an external timing capacitor CT. When the CT pin voltage exceeds a comparator threshold voltage VTH, the comparator output opens a switching transistor, allowing a 3IO discharge current to flow from CT. When the CT pin voltage drops below a threshold voltage VTL, the comparator output closes the switching transistor, stopping the 3IO discharge. Repetition of these operations generates a sawtooth wave. The value of IO is 1.1 V/RT . The IO current mirror has a limited current capacity, so RT should be at least 5 k (IO 220 A). Internal resistances RA, RB, and RC set the peak and valley voltages VTH and VTL of the sawtooth waveform at approximately 1.6 V and 1.0 V. Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 6 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ The oscillator frequency fOSC can be calculated as follows. 1 t 1 + t2 + t3 fOSC = Here, t1 = CT x (VH - VL) 1.1 V/RT t2 = CT x (VH - VL) 3 x 1.1 V/RT t3 0.8 s (comparator delay time) Since VH - VL = 0.6 V fOSC 1 (Hz) 0.73 x CT x RT + 0.8 (s) At high frequencies the comparator delay causes the sawtooth wave to overshoot the 1.6 V threshold and undershoot the 1.0 V threshold, and changes the dead-band thresholds accordingly. Select constants by testing under implementation conditions. 3.2 V (Internal voltage) Current mirror Vref 2.5 V CT charging IO RA Oscillator comparator 1.1 V 1:4 Discharg -ing 3IO RC RB Sync circuit RT CT IO SYNC External circuit VH = 1.6 V typ t2 VL = 1.0 V typ t1 Figure 1.1 Equivalent Circuit of Oscillator Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 7 of 37 t1 : t 2 = 3 : 1 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ 1.2 External Synchronization These ICs have a sync input pin so that they can be synchronized to a primary-control AC/DC converter. Pulses from the secondary winding of the switching transformer should be dropped through a resistor voltage divider to the sync input pin. Synchronization takes place at the falling edge, which is optimal for multiple-output power supplies that synchronize with a flyback AC/DC converter. The sync input pin (SYNC) is connected internally through a synchronizing circuit to the sawtooth oscillator to synchronize the sawtooth waveform (see figure 1.2). * Synchronization is with the falling edge of the external sync signal. * The frequency of the external sync signal must be in the range fOSC < fSYNC < fOSC x 2. * The duty cycle of the external sync signal must be in the range 5% < t1/t2 < 50% (t1 = 300 ns Min). * With external synchronization, VTH' can be calculated as follows. VTH' = (VTH - VTL) x fOSC + VTL fSYNC Note: When not using external synchronization, connect the SYNC pin to the Vref pin. VTH (1.6 V typ) VTH' Sawtooth wave (fOSC) VTL (1.0 V typ) Vref SYNC pin (fSYNC) Synchronized at falling edge t1 t2 Figure 1.2 External Synchronization Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 8 of 37 1V HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ 2. DC/DC Output Voltage Setting and Error Amplifier Usage 2.1 DC/DC Output Voltage Setting 1. Positive Output Voltage (VO > Vref) HA16114 with step-down topology CL VIN IN(-) IN(+) - + EA CL VIN IN(-) IN(+) OUT VO GND - + EA VO GND Vref - R1 R2 R1 R1 + R2 R2 VO = Vref x Figure 2.1 Output Voltage Setting (1) 2. Negative Output Voltage (VO < 0 V) HA16114 with inverting topology CL VIN IN(-) IN(+) - EA OUT + Vref R3 - + R4 R2 VO = -Vref x R1 R3 R1 + R2 x -1 R2 R3 + R4 Figure 2.2 Output Voltage Setting (2) Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 9 of 37 OUT + - + Vref R2 HA16120 with step-down (boost) topology HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ 2.2 Error Amplifier Usage Figure 2.3 shows an equivalent circuit of the error amplifier. The error amplifier in these ICs is a simple NPN-transistor differential amplifier with a constant-current-driven output circuit. The amplifier combines a wide bandwidth (fT = 4 MHz) with a low open-loop gain (50 dB Typ), allowing stable feedback to be applied when the power supply is designed. Phase compensation is also easy. IC internal VIN IN(-) E/O IN(+) To internal PWM comparator 80 A 40 A Figure 2.3 Error Amplifier Equivalent Circuit 3. Dead-Band Duty Cycle and Soft-Start Settings 3.1 Dead-Band Duty Cycle Setting The dead-band duty cycle (the maximum duty cycle of the PWM pulse output) can be programmed by the voltage VDB at the DB pin. A convenient way to obtain VDB is to divide the IC's Vref output by two external resistors. The dead-band duty cycle (DB) and VDB can be calculated as follows. VTH - VDB x 100 (%) This applies when VDB > VTL. VTH - VTL If VDB < VTL, there is no PWM output. R2 VDB = Vref x R1 + R2 DB = Note: VDB is the voltage at the DB pin. VTH: 1.6 V (Typ) VTL: 1.0 V (Typ) Vref is typically 2.5 V. Select R1 and R2 so that 1.0 V VDB 1.6 V. To Vref R1 Sawtooth wave Sawtooth wave - DB E/O PWM COMP + + VDB R2 Voltage at DB pin VTH VDB VTL from UVL Dead band Note: VTH and VTL vary depending on the oscillator. Select constants by testing under implementation conditions. Figure 3.1 Dead-Band Duty Cycle Setting Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 10 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ 3.2 Soft-Start Setting Soft-start avoids overshoot at power-up by widening the PWM output pulses gradually, so that the converted DC output rises slowly. Soft-start is programmed by connecting a capacitor between the DB pin and ground. The soft-start time is determined by the time constant of this capacitor and the resistors that set the voltage at the DB pin. tsoft = -C1 x R x ln (1 - R= R1 x R 2 R1 + R2 VDB = Vref x VX ) VDB R2 R1 + R 2 Note: VX is the voltage at the DB pin after time t (VX < VDB). Undervoltage lockout released Sawtooth To Vref wave PWM COMP - VX E/O R1 + R2 1.6 V VDB VTL DB 1.0 V + C1 VTH Sawtooth wave VX from UVL UVL sink transistor t Soft-start time tsoft Figure 3.2 Soft-Start Setting 3.3 Quick Shutdown The quick shutdown function resets the voltages at all pins when the IC is turned off, to assure that PWM pulse output stops quickly. Since the UVL pull-down resistor in the IC remains on even when the IC is turned off, the sawtooth wave output, error amplifier output, and DB pin are all reset to low voltage. This feature helps in particular to discharge capacitor C1 in figure 3.2, which has a comparatively large capacitance. In intermittent mode (explained on a separate page), this feature enables the IC to soft-start in each on-off cycle. Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 11 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ 4. PWM Output Circuit and Power MOSFET Driving Method These ICs have built-in totem-pole push-pull drive circuits that can drive a power MOS FET as shown in figure 4.1. The power MOS FET can be driven directly through a gate protection resistor. If VIN exceeds the gate breakdown voltage of the power MOS FET additional protective measures should be taken, e.g. by adding Zener diodes as shown in figure 4.2. To drive a bipolar power transistor, the base should be protected by voltage and current dividing resistors as shown in figure 4.3. VIN To CL RG OUT Bias circuit Example: P-channel power MOSFET Gate protection resistor VO Totem-pole output circuit P.GND Figure 4.1 Connection of Output Stage to Power MOS FET VIN VO RG OUT GND DZ Example: N-channel power MOSFET Figure 4.2 Gate Protection by Zener Diodes VIN Base current limiting resistor VO OUT GND Base discharging resistor Example: NPN power transistor Figure 4.3 Driving a Bipolar Power Transistor Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 12 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ 5. Voltage Reference (Vref = 2.5 V) 5.1 Voltage Reference A bandgap reference built into the IC (see figure 5.1) outputs 2.5 V 50 mV. The sawtooth oscillator, PWM comparator, latch, and other internal circuits are powered by this 2.5 V and an internally-generated voltage of approximately 3.2 V. The voltage reference section shut downs when the IC is turned off at the ON/OFF pin as described later, saving current when the IC is not used and when it operates in intermittent mode during overcurrent. VIN ON/OFF - + 1.25 V Sub bandgap circuit 25 k 1.25 V 3.2 V Vref 2.5 V ADJ 25 k Main bandgap circuit Figure 5.1 Vref Reference Circuit 5.2 Trimming the Reference Voltage (Vref and ADJ pins) Figure 5.2 shows a simplified circuit equivalent to figure 5.1. The ADJ pin in this circuit is provided for trimming the reference voltage (Vref). The output at the ADJ pin is a voltage VADJ of 1.25 V (Typ) generated by the bandgap circuit. Vref is determined by VADJ and the ratio of internal resistors R1 and R2 as follows: Vref = VADJ x R1 + R 2 R2 The design values of R1 and R2 are 25 k with a tolerance of 25%. If trimming is not performed, the ADJ pin open can be left open. VIN Vref R1 25 k (typ) R2 25 k (typ) ADJ - + VBG (bandgap voltage) 1.25 V (typ) Figure 5.2 Simplified Diagram of Voltage Reference Circuit Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 13 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ The relation between Vref and the ADJ pin enables Vref to be trimmed by inserting one external resistor (R3) between the Vref and ADJ pins and another (R4) between the ADJ pin and ground, to change the resistance ratio. Vref is then determined by the combined resistance ratio of the internal R1 and R2 and external R3 and R4. Vref = VADJ x RA + R B RB Where, RA: parallel resistance of R1 and R3 RB: parallel resistance of R2 and R4 Although Vref can be trimmed by R3 or R4 alone, to decrease the temperature dependence of Vref it is better to use two resistors having identical temperature coefficients. Vref can be trimmed in the range of 2.5 V 0.2 V. Outside this range, the bandgap circuit will not operate and the IC may shut down. Vref R3 External resistors ADJ R4 R1 RA = R1 R3 R1 + R 3 RB = R2 R4 R2 + R 4 Internal resistors R2 Figure 5.3 Trimming of Reference Voltage 5.3 Vref Undervoltage Lockout and Overvoltage Protection The undervoltage lockout (UVL) function turns off PWM pulse output when the input voltage (VIN) is low. In these ICs, this is done by monitoring the Vref voltage, which normally stays constant at approximately 2.5 V. The UVL circuit operates with hysteresis: it shuts PWM output off when Vref falls below 1.7 V, and turns PWM output back on when Vref rises above 2.0 V. Undervoltage lockout also provides protection in the event that Vref is shorted to ground. The overvoltage protection circuit shuts PWM output off when Vref goes above 6.8 V. This provides protection in case the Vref pin is shorted to VIN or another high-voltage source. PWM output PWM output off PWM output on PWM output off 1.7 2.0 2.5 5.0 6.8 10 Vref (V) Figure 5.4 Vref Undervoltage Lockout and Overvoltage Protection UVL Voltage Vref (V typ) VIN (V typ) Description VH 2.0 V 3.6 V VIN increasing: UVL releases; PWM output starts VL 1.7 V 3.3 V VIN decreasing: undervoltage lockout; PWM output stops Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 14 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ 6. Usage of ON/OFF OFF Pin This pin is used for the following purposes: * To shut down the IC while its input power remains on (power management) * To externally alter the UVL release voltage * With the timer (TM) pin, to operate in intermittent mode during overcurrent (see next section) 6.1 Shutdown by ON/OFF OFF Pin Control The IC can be shut down safely by bringing the voltage at the ON/OFF pin below about 0.7 V (the internal VBE value). This feature can be used in power supply systems to save power. When shut down, the HA16114 draws a maximum current (IOFF) of 10 A, while the HA16120 draws a maximum 150 A. The ON/OFF pin sinks 290 A (Typ) at 5 V, so it can be driven by TTL and other logic ICs. If intermittent mode will also be employed, use a logic IC with an open-collector or open-drain output. IIN RA VIN External logic IC Off To other circuitry On RB TM To latch 10 k ON/OFF Switch CON/OFF VIN + Q1 Vref reference Vref output 3VBE - Q2 GND Q3 On/off hysteresis circuit HA16114, HA16120 Figure 6.1 Shutdown by ON/OFF OFF Pin Control 6.2 Adjustment of UVL Voltages (when not using intermittent mode) These ICs permit external adjustment of the undervoltage lockout voltages. The adjustment is made by changing the undervoltage lockout thresholds VTH and VTL relative to VIN, using the relationships shown in the accompanying diagrams. When the IC is powered up, transistor Q3 is off, so VON is 2VBE, or about 1.4 V. Connection of resistors RC and RD in the diagram makes undervoltage lockout release at: VIN = 1.4 V x RC + RD RD This VIN is the supply voltage at which undervoltage lockout is released. At the release point Vref is still below 2.5 V. To obtain Vref = 2.5 V, VIN must be at least about 4.3 V. Since VON/OFF operates in relation to the base-emitter voltage of internal transistors, VON has a temperature coefficient of approximately -4 mV/C. Keep this in mind when designing the power supply unit. When undervoltage lockout and intermittent mode are both used, the intermittent-mode time constant is shortened, so the constants of external components may have to be altered. Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 15 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ IIN TM (open) RC VIN VIN To other circuitry To latch ON/OFF Q1 10 k RD 3VBE Vref generation circuit Q3 Q2 GND 3 Vref output On/off hysteresis circuit 2.5 V VIN 4.5 V 2 Vref VOFF 0.7 V 1 0 0 1 VON 1.4 V 2 3 VON/OFF 4 5 Figure 6.2 Adjustment of UVL Voltages 7. Timing of Intermittent Mode during Overcurrent 7.1 Principle of Operation These ICs provide pulse-by-pulse overcurrent protection by sensing the current during each pulse and shutting off the pulse if overcurrent is detected. In addition, the TM and ON/OFF pins can be used to operate the IC in intermittent mode if the overcurrent state continues. A power supply with sharp settling characteristics can be designed in this way. Intermittent mode operates by making use of the hysteresis of the ON/OFF pin threshold voltages VON and VOFF (VON - VOFF = VBE). The timing can be programmed as explained below. When not using intermittent mode, leave the TM pin open, and pull the ON/OFF pin up to VON or higher. The VBE is base emitter voltage of internal transistors. VIN 390 k 2.2 k + 2.2 F - RA RB Latch S Q R TM ON/OFF Current limiter CL Vref reference CON/OFF Figure 7.1 Connection Diagram (example) Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 16 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ 7.2 Intermittent Mode Timing Diagram (VON/OFF only) 3VBE*1 c c VON/OFF 2VBE VBE On IC is on a IC is off b 0V On Off t TON 2TON TOFF a. Continuous overcurrent is detected b. Intermittent operation starts (IC is off) c. Voltage if overcurrent ends (thick dotted line) Note: 1. VBE is the base-emitter voltage of internal transistors, and is approximately 0.7 V. (See the figure 6.1.) For details, see the overall waveform timing diagram. Figure 7.2 Intermittent Mode Timing Diagram (VON/OFF only) 7.3 Calculation of Intermittent Mode Timing Intermittent mode timing is calculated as follows. (1) TON (time until the IC shuts off when continuous overcurrent occurs) TON = CON/OFF x RB x ln 2VBE VBE x 1 1 - On duty* 1 1 - On duty* 1 0.69 x CON/OFF x RB x 1 - On duty* = CON/OFF x RB x ln2 x (2) TOFF (time from when the IC shuts off until it next turns on) TOFF = CON/OFF x (RA + RB) x ln VIN - VBE VIN - 2VBE Where VBE 0.7 V The greater the overload, the sooner the pulse-by-pulse current limiter operates, the smaller tON becomes, and from the first equation (1) above, the smaller TON becomes. From the second equation (2), TOFF depends on VIN. Note that with the connections shown in the diagram, when VIN is switched on the IC does not turn on until TOFF has elapsed. Dead-band voltage Sawtooth wave Point at which the current limiter operates PWM output (In case of HA16114) tON tON x 100 (%) T Where T = t/fOSC On duty = T Note: On duty is the percent of time the IC output is on during one PWM cycle when the pulse-by-pulse current limiter is operating. Figure 7.3 Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 17 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ 7.4 Examples of Intermittent Mode Timing (calculated values) 8 (1) TON TON = T1 x CON/OFF x RB 6 Here, coefficient T1 = 0.69 x 1 1 - On duty 4 from section 7.3 (1) previously. T1 2 Example: If CON/OFF = 2.2 F, RB = 2.2 k, and the on duty of the current limiter is 75%, then TON = 13 ms. 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 (PWM) On duty (%) Figure 7.4 Examples of Intermittent Mode Timing (1) (2) TOFF TOFF = T2 x CON/OFF x (RA + RB) 0.1 Here, coefficient T2 = ln VIN - VBE VIN - 2VBE T2 from section 7.3 (2) previously. 0.05 Example: If CON/OFF = 2.2 F, RB = 2.2 k, RA = 390 k, VIN = 12 V, 0 then TOFF = 55 ms. 0 10 20 VIN (V) Figure 7.5 Examples of Intermittent Mode Timing (2) Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 18 of 37 30 40 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Example of step-up circuit VIN Sawtooth wave VCT Dead band VDB CF RF Error output VE/O PWM pulse output (In case of HA16120) IC RCS CL Inductor L OUT Power MOS FET drain current (ID) (dotted line shows inductor current) VIN Current limiter pin (CL) VIN - 0.2 V VOUT ID F.B. Determined by L and VIN VTH (CL) Determined by RCS and RF Figure 7.6 8. Setting the Overcurrent Detection Threshold The voltage drop VTH at which overcurrent is detected in these ICs is typically 0.2 V. The bias current is typically 200 A. The power MOS FET peak current value before the current limiter goes into operation is given as follows. ID = VTH - (RF + RCS) x IBCL RCS Where, VTH = VIN - VCL = 0.2 V, VCL is a voltage refered on GND. Note that RF and CF form a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency determined by their RC time constant. This filter prevents incorrect operation due to current spikes when the power MOS FET is switched on or off. VIN CF 1800 pF IBCL To other circuitry CL 1k 200 A RCS 0.05 RF 240 G OUT S Detector output (internal) VO D + IN(-) - + - Note: This circuit is an example for step-down use. Figure 8.1 Example for Step-Down Use With the values shown in the diagram, the peak current is: ID = 0.2 V - (240 + 0.05 ) x 200 A = 3.04 A 0.05 The filter cutoff frequency is calculated as follows: fC = 1 1 = = 370 kHz 2 CF RF 6.28 x 1800 pF x 240 Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 19 of 37 VIN HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25C) Rating Item Symbol HA16114P/FP, HA16120FP HA16114PJ/FPJ, HA16120FPJ Unit Supply voltage VIN 40 40 V Output current (DC) IO 0.1 0.1 A Output current (peak) IO peak 1.0 1.0 A Current limiter input voltage VCL VIN VIN V Error amplifier input voltage VIEA VIN VIN V E/O input voltage VIE/O Vref Vref V RT source current IRT 500 500 A TM sink current ITM 3 3 mA SYNC voltage VSYNC Vref Vref V SYNC current ISYNC 250 A 250 1, 2 1, 2 Power dissipation PT 680* * 680* * mW Operating temperature Topr -40 to +85 -40 to +85 C Junction temperature TjMax 125 125 C Storage temperature Tstg -55 to +125 -55 to +125 C Permissible dissipation PT (mW) Notes: 1. This value is for an SOP package (FP) and is based on actual measurements on a 40 x 40 x 1.6 mm glass epoxy circuit board. With a 10% wiring density, this value is permissible up to Ta = 45C and should be derated by 8.3 mW/C at higher temperatures. With a 30% wiring density, this value is permissible up to Ta = 64C and should be derated by 11.1 mW/C at higher temperatures. 2. For the DIP package. (P) This value applies up to Ta = 45C; at temperatures above this, 8.3 mW/C derating should be applied. 800 10% wiring density 680 mW 30% wiring density 600 447 mW 400 348 mW 200 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 45C 64C 85C 60 80 100 Operating ambient temperature Ta (C) Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 20 of 37 125C 120 140 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25C, VIN = 12 V, fOSC = 100 kHz) Item Voltage reference section Sawtooth oscillator section Dead-band adjustment section PWM comparator section Note: Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions Output voltage Vref 2.45 2.50 2.55 V IO = 1 mA Line regulation Line -- 2 60 mV 4.5 V VIN 40V Load regulation Load -- 30 60 mV 0 IO 10 mA Short-circuit output current IOS 10 24 -- mA Vref = 0 V Vref overvoltage protection threshold Vrovp 6.2 6.8 7.4 V Temperature stability of output voltage Vref/Ta -- 100 -- ppm/C Vref adjustment voltage VADJ 1.225 1.25 1.275 V Maximum frequency fmax 600 -- -- kHz Minimum frequency fmin -- -- 1 Hz Frequency stability with input voltage f/f01 -- 1 3 % 4.5 V VIN 40 V (f01 = (fmax + fmin)/2) Frequency stability with temperature f/f02 -- 5 -- % -20C Ta 85C (f02 = (fmax + fmin)/2) Oscillator frequency fOSC 90 100 110 kHz RT = 10 k CT = 1300 pF Low level threshold voltage VTL 0.9 1.0 1.1 V Output duty cycle: 0% on High level threshold voltage VTH 1.5 1.6 1.7 V Output duty cycle: 100% on Threshold difference VTH 0.5 0.6 0.7 V VTH = VTH - VTL Output source current Isource 170 250 330 A DB pin: 0 V Low level threshold voltage VTL 0.9 1.0 1.1 V Output duty cycle: 0% on High level threshold voltage VTH 1.5 1.6 1.7 V Output duty cycle: 100% on Threshold difference VTH 0.5 0.6 0.7 V VTH = VTH - VTL 1. Resistors connected to ON/OFF pin: 10 VIN pin 390 k 12 TM pin 2 k 13 ON/OFF pin Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 21 of 37 Notes 1 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Electrical Characteristics (cont.) (Ta = 25C, VIN = 12 V, fOSC = 100 kHz) Item Error amplifier section Overcurrent detection section UVL section Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Input offset voltage VIO -- 2 10 mV Input bias current IB -- 0.5 2.0 A Output sink current IOsink 28 40 52 A VO = 2.5 V Output source current IOsource 28 40 52 A VO = 1.0 V Common-mode input voltage range VCM 1.1 -- 3.7 V Voltage gain AV 40 50 -- dB Unity gain bandwidth BW -- 4 -- MHz High level output voltage VOH 3.5 4.0 -- V IO = 10 A Low level output voltage VOL -- 0.2 0.5 V IO = 10 A Threshold voltage VTH VIN-0.22 VIN-0.2 VIN-0.18 V CL(-) bias current IBCL(-) 140 200 260 A Turn-off time tOFF -- 200 300 ns 1 -- 500 600 ns 2 Vref high level threshold voltage VTH 1.7 2.0 2.3 V Vref low level threshold voltage VTL 1.4 1.7 2.0 V Threshold difference VTH 0.1 0.3 0.5 V VIN high level threshold voltage VINH 3.3 3.6 3.9 V VIN low level threshold voltage VINL 3.0 3.3 3.6 V Notes: 1. HA16114 only. 2. HA16120 only. Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 22 of 37 Test Conditions Notes f = 10 kHz CL(-) = VIN VTH = VTH - VTL HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Electrical Characteristics (cont.) (Ta = 25C, VIN = 12 V, fOSC = 100 kHz) Item Output stage External sync section On/off section Total device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions Output low voltage VOL -- 0.9 1.5 V IOsink = 10 mA Output high voltage VOH1 VIN-2.2 VIN-1.6 -- V IOsource = 10 mA High voltage when off VOH2 VIN-2.2 VIN-1.6 -- V IOsource = 1 mA ON/OFF pin: 0 V 1 Low voltage when off VOL2 -- 0.9 1.5 V IOsink = 1 mA ON/OFF pin: 0 V 2 Rise time tr -- 50 200 ns CL = 1000 pF Fall time tf -- 50 200 ns CL = 1000 pF SYNC source current ISYNC 120 180 240 A SYNC pin: 0 V Sync input frequency range fSYNC fOSC -- fOSC x 2 kHz External sync initiation voltage VSYNC Vref-1.0 -- Vref-0.5 V Minimum pulse width of sync input PWmin 300 -- -- ns Input sync pulse duty cycle PW 5 -- 50 % ON/OFF sink current 1 ION/ OFF 1 60 90 120 A ON/OFF pin: 3 V ON/OFF sink current 2 ION/ OFF 2 220 290 380 A ON/OFF pin: 5 V IC on threshold VON 1.1 1.4 1.7 V IC off threshold VOFF 0.4 0.7 1.0 V ON/OFF threshold difference VON/OFF 0.5 0.7 0.9 V Operating current IIN 6.0 8.5 11.0 mA CL = 1000 pF Quiescent current IOFF 0 -- 10 A ON/OFF pin: 0 V 1 -- 120 150 A ON/OFF pin: 0 V 2 Notes: 1. HA16114 only. 2. HA16120 only. 3. PW = t1 / t2 x 100 External sync pulse t1 t2 Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 23 of 37 Notes 3 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Characteristic Curves Reference Voltage vs. Supply Voltage Reference Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature 2.54 VIN = 12 V 2.55 max 4.0 Ta = 25C Reference voltage (V) Reference voltage (V) 3.0 2.5V 2.0 1.0 2.52 2.50 SPEC 2.48 2.45 min 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 4.3V 5 40 2.46 -20 0 20 40 60 80 Low Level Threshold Voltage of Sawtooth Wave vs. Frequency 2.5 Ta = 25C VIN = 12 V 2.0 RT = 10 k High Level Threshold Voltage of Sawtooth Wave vs. Frequency 2.5 Ta = 25C VIN = 12 V 2.0 RT = 10 k 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 100 200 300 400 Frequency (kHz) Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 24 of 37 500 600 High level threshold voltage of sawtooth wave (V) Ambient temperature (C) Low level threshold voltage of sawtooth wave (V) Supply voltage (V) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 100 200 300 400 Frequency (kHz) 500 600 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Oscillator Frequency Change with Ambient Temperature (1) Oscillator Frequency Change with Ambient Temperature (2) 10 VIN = 12 V fOSC = 100 kHz 5 SPEC 0 -5 -10 -20 0 20 40 60 80 VIN = 12 V fOSC = 350 kHz Oscillator frequency change (%) Oscillator frequency change (%) 10 5 0 -5 -10 -20 0 Ambient temperature (C) 20 40 60 80 Ambient temperature (C) Error Amplifier Gain, Error Amplifier Phase vs. Error Amplifier Input Frequency AVO 40 0 45 20 90 Error amplifier phase (deg.) Error amplifier gain AVO (dB) 60 135 0 1k BW 3k 10 k 30 k 100 k 300 k Error amplifier input frequency fIN (Hz) Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 25 of 37 1M 3M 180 10 M HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Current limiter turn-off time (ns) Error amplifier voltage gain (dB) Error Amplifier Voltage Gain vs. Ambient Temperature 60 VIN = 12 V f = 10 kHz 55 50 dB typ 50 45 Current Limiter Turn-Off Time vs. Current Limiter Threshold Voltage Note 500 * HA16114 Ta = 25C VIN = 12 V CL = 1000 pF 400 300 ns max 300 200 40 dB min 40 -20 100 0.1 80 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 CL voltage VIN-VCL (V) Note: Approximatery 300 ns greater than this in the case of the HA16120. Current Limiter Threshold Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature VIN = 12 V 300 0.22 max Current limiter turn-off time (ns) Current limiter threshold voltage (V) 0.22 0 20 40 60 Ambient temperature (C) 0.21 0.20 0.19 Current Limiter Turn-Off Time vs. Ambient Temperature Note * HA16114 300 ns max 250 200 200 ns typ VIN = 12 V 150 VCL = VTH - 0.3 V CL = 1000 pF 0.18 min 0.18 -20 0 20 40 60 Ambient temperature (C) Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 26 of 37 80 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 Ambient temperature (C) Note: Approximatery 300 ns greater than this in the case of the HA16120. HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Reference Voltage vs. IC On/Off Voltages IC On/Off Voltages vs. Ambient Temperature 2.0 VIN = 12 V fOSC = 100 kHz 5.0 Ta = 25C VIN = 12 V IC off voltage 3.0 IC on voltage SPEC 2.0 IC on/off voltage (V) Reference voltage (V) 4.0 SPEC SPEC 1.5 IC on voltage 1.0 SPEC IC off voltage 0.5 1.0 0.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 Ambient temperature (C) Operating Current vs. Supply Voltage Peak Output Current vs. Load Capacitance 600 Ta = 25C VIN = 12 V 500 f OSC = 100 kHz 20 Operating current (mA) Peak output current (mA) IC on/off voltage (V) 400 300 200 Ta = 25C fOSC = 100 kHz On duty = 50% CL = 1000 pF 15 SPEC 10 5 100 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Load capacitance (pF) Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 27 of 37 5000 0 0 10 20 Supply voltage (V) 30 40 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Operating Current vs. Output Duty Cycle Operating current (mA) 20 Ta = 25C VIN = 12 V fOSC = 100 kHz CL = 1000 pF 15 SPEC 10 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Output duty cycle (%) PWM Comparator Input vs. Output Duty Cycle (1) 100 * HA16114 PWM Comparator Input vs. Output Duty Cycle (2) 100 * HA16120 80 ON duty (%) ON duty (%) 80 60 40 fOSC 600 kHz 60 fOSC 600 kHz 40 50 kHz 20 20 300 kHz 50 kHz 300 kHz 0 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 VDB or VE/O (V) Note: The on-duty of the HA16114 is the proportion of one cycle during which output is low. Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 28 of 37 0 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 VDB or VE/O (V) Note: The on-duty of the HA16120 is the proportion of one cycle during which output is high. HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Output voltage VO (VDC) Output pin (Output Resistor) Characteristics 12 * HA16114 Output high voltage 11 when on VGS (P-channel Power MOS FET) 10 Output high voltage when off 9 * HA16120 3 Output low voltage when on Output low voltage when off 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 Io sink or Io source (mA) Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 29 of 37 10 VGS (N-channel Power MOS FET) HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Output Waveforms: Rise of Output Voltage VOUT 15 10 VOUT (V) 5 Vref DB 0 CL(-) VIN OUT 400 IN(+) RT CL 1000 pF CT 200 IO (mA) 10 k 1300 pF IO 0 Test Circuit -200 -400 200 ns/div Output Waveforms: Fall of Output Voltage VOUT 15 10 VOUT (V) 5 Vref DB 0 CL(-) VIN OUT 400 IN(+) RT CL 1000 pF CT 200 IO (mA) 10 k 1300 pF 0 Test Circuit -200 -400 Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 30 of 37 200 ns/div IO HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Oscillator Frequency vs. Timing Capacitance 1000 RT = 3k RT = 10k RT = 30k Oscillator frequency fOSC (kHz) 100 10 RT = 100k RT = 300k RT = 1M 1 0.1 1 10 102 103 104 Timing capacitance CT (pF) Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 31 of 37 105 106 Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 32 of 37 - 5C Ground strip 0.1 10 k ADJ SYNC 2 Vref GND 1 13 12 3 RT 560p 4 CT 220 1 2 3 4 OUT 9 7 Use a switching element (power MOS FET) with low on-resistance. Use an inductor with low DC resistance. Use a Schottky barrier diode (SBD) with low VF. Use a low-ESR capacitor designed for switching power supplies. 8 5D 1 GDS - + Low-ESR capacitor 560 12V 4 Units: C : F R: - 5 V DC steppeddown output + 5 Noise countermeasures: 5A Separate the power ground from the small-signal ground, and connect both at one point. 5B Add noise-absorbing capacitors. 5C Ground the bottom of the package with a ground strip. 5D Make the output-to-gate wiring as short as possible. Feedback 5k 5k 3 HRP24 5A 47H SBD Power ground 0.22 (noiseabsorbing capacitor) 2 High-saturation-current choke coil Example: Toko 8R-HB Series Low on-resistance P-channel power MOSFET Example: 2SJ214, 2SJ296 Overcurrent sense resistor 5.6 (gate protection resistor) IN(+) P.GND VIN 470p 6 E/O CL(-) 10 1800p 11 130k 5 IN(-) HA16114FP DB ON/OFF TM - + 14 10k 15 16 Small-signal ground 5B 470 35 V (noiseabsorbing capacitor) + 15 k 2 2k 50m Specific tips for high efficiency (see the numbers in the diagram) 5A 12 V DC input - + + 4.7 - Dead-band and soft-start circuit Timing circuit for intermittent mode during overcurrent 390 k * 12 VDC to 5 VDC Step-Down Converter Using HA16114FP HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Application Examples (1) HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Application Examples (2) * External Synchronization with Primary-Control AC/DC Converter (1) Combination with a flyback AC/DC converter (simplified schematic) HRA83 Commercial AC Transformer 1S2076A + 1S2076A - + HRP24 D + SBD + R1 Main DC output - R2 Error amp. - + - VIN OUT CL(CS) 2 SYNC VIN 10 HA16114, HA16120 CL 11 GND OUT P.GND 1 Primary AC/DC converter IC (HA16107, HA17384, etc.) 9 8 To A of SBD 2SJ296 + Step-down output (HA16114) K + - Sub DC output A SBD HRP24 - This is one example of a circuit that uses the features of the HA16114/120 by operating in synchronization with a flyback AC/DC converter. Note the following design points concerning the circuit from the secondary side of the transformer to the SYNC pin of the HA16114/120. * Diode D prevents reverse current. Always insert a diode here. Use a general-purpose switching diode. * Resistors R1 and R2 form a voltage divider to ensure that the input voltage swing at the SYNC pin does not exceed Vref (2.5 V). To maintain operating speed, R1 + R2 should not exceed 10 k. Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 33 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Application Examples (3) * External Synchronization with Primary-Control AC/DC Converter (cont.) (2) Combination with a forward AC/DC converter (simplified schematic) DFG1C8 D HRW26F HA17431 and optocoupler + Input C A B Main DC output Feedback section SBD module - HA16107, HA16666 etc. FB 2SC458 R3 Switching transformer Coil Coil Coil Coil A B C D Primary, for main Secondary, for output Tertiary, for IC For reset R1 2 6.2k Q R2 510 VIN 390 10 SYNC VIN HA16114, HA16120 OUT ZD GND 1 9 Other parts as on previous page This circuit illustrates the combination of the HA16114/120 with a forward AC/DC converter. The HA16114/120 synchronizes with the falling edge of the external sync signal, so with a forward transformer, the sync pulses must be inverted. In the diagram, this is done by an external circuit consisting of the following components: * Q: Transistor for inverting the pulses. Use a small-signal transistor. * R1 and R2: These resistors form a voltage divider for driving the base of transistor Q. R2 also provides a path for base discharge, so that the transistor can turn off quickly. * R3: Load resistor for transistor Q. Zener diode for protecting the SYNC pin. * ZD: Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 34 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Overall Waveform Timing Diagram (for Application Example (1)) 12 V VIN 0V VTM, VON/OFF VTM, 2.1 V 1.4 V VON/OFF 1.4 V 0.7 V 0.0 V On On (V) 3.0 On VE/O Off 2.0 VE/O, VCT, VDB On On Off Off Off Off VCT sawtooth wave 1.0 VDB 0.0 VCL 12 V 11.8 V 0V Pulse-by-pulse current limiting VOUT*1 12 V PWM pulse 0 V DC/DC output (example for positive voltage) Soft start IC operation status Power-up IC on Steady state Overcurrent detected; intermittent operation Overcurrent Quick subsides; shutdown steady-state operation Power supply off, IC off Note: 1. This PWM pulse is on the step-down/inverting control channel (HA16114). The booster control channel (HA16120) output consists of alternating L and H of the IC on cycle. Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 35 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Application Examples (4) (Some Pointers on Use) 1. Inductor, Power MOS FET, and Diode Connections 1. Step-up topology 2. Step-down topology VIN V IN CF RF VIN RCS CF Applicable only to HA16120 RF VIN CL RCS Applicable only to HA16114 CL OUT VO VO OUT GND GND FB FB 3. Inverting topology 4. Step-down/step-up (buck-boost) topology CF RF VIN RCS CF Applicable only to HA16114 RF VIN CL CL OUT OUT RCS Applicable only to HA16114 VO GND GND FB FB Vref 2. Turning Output On and Off while the IC is On To turn only one channel off, ground the DB pin or the E/O pin. In the case of E/O, however, there will be no soft start when the output is turned back on. DB E/O OFF Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 36 of 37 HA16114P/PJ/FP/FPJ, HA16120FP/FPJ Package Dimensions As of January, 2003 19.20 20.00 Max Unit: mm 1 7.40 Max 9 6.30 16 8 1.3 0.48 0.10 7.62 2.54 Min 5.06 Max 2.54 0.25 0.51 Min 1.11 Max + 0.13 0.25 - 0.05 0 - 15 Package Code JEDEC JEITA Mass (reference value) DP-16 Conforms Conforms 1.07 g As of January, 2003 Unit: mm 10.06 10.5 Max 9 1 8 1.27 *0.42 0.08 0.40 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.80 Max *0.22 0.05 0.20 0.04 2.20 Max 5.5 16 0.20 7.80 +- 0.30 1.15 0 - 8 0.70 0.20 0.15 0.12 M *Dimension including the plating thickness Base material dimension Rev.2.0, Sep.18.2003, page 37 of 37 Package Code JEDEC JEITA Mass (reference value) FP-16DA -- Conforms 0.24 g Sales Strategic Planning Div. Nippon Bldg., 2-6-2, Ohte-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan Keep safety first in your circuit designs! 1. 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