BZ013A144ZSB47 - AVX Corporation

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The BestCap™series of electrochemical supercapacitors offer excellent

high power pulse characteristics based upon the combination of very high

capacitance and ultra low ESR in the milliOhm region.

Based on a unique patented aqueous chemistry and an innovative design, the

system offers high capacitance, even with short pulse duration regimes such

as in GSM and PCS based systems, together with a variety of voltage ratings.

Depending upon package size, standard capacitance values of 30mF to

560mF are available in voltage ratings of 3.5V, 4.5V and 5.5V. ESR values

for these standard devices range from 25 milliOhm to 230 milliOhm.

Used in conjunction with battery packs, BestCap™improves the voltage

performance for high current pulses, resulting in higher PA efficiency and

longer battery talk-time as shown in Fig. 5. BestCap™can also be used to

boost instantaneous power availability in non-battery electronic applications

where low level constant currents need to be supplemented by high current pulses.

APPLICATIONS

RF Modems Mainframe Computer Decoupling Memory Back-up

Hybrid Battery Packs Hearing Aids UPS

Camera Flash Systems Prosthetics Switch Mode Power Supplies

Audio System “Base Line Stiffeners” Wireless Alarm Systems

Systems/Products based on GSM/DSC1800/PCS/DECT/etc.

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS & DIMENSIONS

BestCap™Ultra-low ESR High Power Pulse Supercapacitors

BZ015B303Z_B27 28x1 7 x2.7 5.5 30 0.200 0.005

BZ014B353Z_B24 28x1 7 x2.4 4.5 35 0.180 0.005

BZ013B403Z_B21 28x1 7 x2.1 3.5 40 0.170 0.005

BZ015A503Z_B35 28x1 7 x3.5 5.5 50 0.230 0.005

BZ014A603Z_B32 28x1 7 x3.2 4.5 60 0.210 0.005

BZ013A703Z_B29 28x1 7 x2.9 3.5 70 0.200 0.005

BZ015B603Z_B48 28x1 7 x4.8 5.5 60 0.100 0.010

BZ014B703Z_B43 28x1 7 x4.3 4.5 70 0.090 0.010

BZ013B803Z_B38 28x1 7 x3.8 3.5 80 0.080 0.010

BZ015A104Z_B61 28x1 7 x6.1 5.5 100 0.120 0.010

BZ014A124Z_B55 28x1 7 x5.5 4.5 120 0.100 0.010

BZ013A144Z_B47 28x1 7 x4.7 3.5 140 0.090 0.010

BZ025A204Z_B35 48x30x3.5 5.5 200 0.060 0.020

BZ024A234Z_B32 48x30x3.2 4.5 230 0.050 0.020

BZ023A284Z_B29 48x30x2.9 3.5 280 0.045 0.020

BZ025A404Z_B60 48x30x6.0 5.5 400 0.035 0.040

BZ024A474Z_B55 48x30x5.5 4.5 470 0.030 0.040

BZ023A564Z_B47 48x30x4.7 3.5 560 0.025 0.040

Size

(mm) Rated

Voltage

Volts

Capacitance

milli farads

+80%, -20%

ESR (ohms)

ohms

+/-20% @1khz

Leakage Current

milli amps

max

AVX CATALOG PART NUMBER

BESTCAP™: A NEW GENERATION OF PULSE SUPERCAPACITORS

Supercapacitors, (also referred to as Electrochemical Capacitors or Double Layer Capacitors) have rapidly

become recognized, not only as an excellent compromise between “electronic” capacitors such as ceramic,

tantalum, film and aluminium electrolytic, and batteries (Fig. 1), but also as a valuable technology for providing

a unique combination of characteristics, particularly very high energy, power and capacitance densities.

There are however, two negative characteristics associated with conventional supercapacitors, viz: high ESR in

the Ohms or tens of Ohms area, and severe capacitance loss when called upon to supply very short duration

current pulses. BestCap™successfully addresses both of these drawbacks.

BESTCAP™

CASE SIZE

Where:

01 = 28mm x 17mm

02 = 48mm x 30mm

VOLTAGE

Where

5 = 5.5 volts

4 = 4.5 volts

3 = 3.5 volts

A = Standard

B = Thin

503

CAPACITANCE VALUE (µF)

First two numbers express the significant digits;

the third number refers to the number of zeros.

Example: 503 ➝ 50,000µF = 50mF.

CAPACITANCE

TOLERANCE

Where:

Z = +80%, -20%

TERMINATION

STYLE

Where:

A = Leaded

S = SMT

L = L lead

PACKAGE CODE

Where:

B = Bulk

MAXIMUM PART HEIGHT

Where:

29 = 2.9mm 42 = 4.2mm

32 = 3.2mm 53 = 5.3mm

35 = 3.5mm 60 = 6.0mm

HOW TO ORDER

ELECTROLYTIC

CAPACITOR

POLYMER

ELECTROLYTIC

ALUMINIUM

TANTALUM

100

10001001010.1 10000

1000

10000

SPECIFIC ENERGY

Fig. 1 Specific Energy of Capacitor Types

Capacitance (mF)

Specific Energy

(mFV/cc)

For comparison purposes, the characteristic of an equivalent capacitance value aluminium electrolytic capacitor

is shown in Fig. 3. The electrolytic capacitor is many times the volume of the BestCap™.

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1000 100

Actual Cap. (% of Nominal)

Pulse Width (msec) 10 1

Fig. 2 Actual capacitance vs. pulse width

Fig. 3 Sized comparison, BestCap™vs aluminium electrolytic capacitor

This capacitance loss in the millisecond region is caused by the charge transfer (i.e. establishment of

capacitance) being carried out primarily by relatively slow moving ions in double layer capacitors. In the

above-mentioned “electronic” capacitors, the charge transfer is performed by fast electrons, thereby creating

virtually instant rated capacitance value. Fig. 2 illustrates the severe capacitance loss experienced by several

varieties of supercapacitors (N, M & P), under short pulse width conditions. It can also be seen from Fig. 2,

how well BestCap™retains its capacitance with reducing pulse widths.

EDLC=Electrochemical

double layer capacitor

manufacturer A EDLC

Aluminium Electroytic Capacitor

manufacturer B EDLC

manufacturer C EDLC

The instant voltage drop V (IR) is caused by and is directly proportional to the capacitor ’s ESR. The

continuing voltage drop with time V (Q), is a function of the available charge, i.e. capacitance.

From figures 3 and 4, it is apparent that, for very short current pulses, e.g. in the millisecond region, the

combination of voltage drops in a conventional supercapacitor caused by a) the high ESR and b) the lack of

available capacitance, causes a total voltage drop, unacceptable for most applications. Now compare the

BestCap™performance under such pulse conditions. The ultra-low, (milliOhm), ESR minimizes the

instantaneous voltage drop, while the very high retained capacitance drastically reduces the severity of the

charge related drop.

EFFICIENCY/TALKTIME BENEFITS OF BESTCAP™

Because BestCap™, when used in parallel with a battery, provides a current pulse with a substantially higher

voltage than that available just from the battery as shown in Fig. 5, the efficiency of the RF power amplifier

is improved.

3.6

3.4

3.2

30 1000 2000 3000 4000

3.8

Battery Voltage (Volts)

Current (Amps)

Time (uSeconds)

Battery Voltage Battery and Capacitor Voltage Current Pulse

Fig. 5 GSM Pulse

VOLTAGE DROP

Two factors are critical in determining voltage drop when a capacitor delivers a short current pulse; these are

ESR and “available” capacitance as shown in Fig. 4.

▲

V(IR)

▲

V(Q)=I*

▲

t/C(

▲

Vtotal=I*R + I*

▲

t/C(

▲

Fig 4 Voltage-time relation of capacitor unit

2.5

3.5

0 100 200 300 400

Cutoff Voltage Limits

Voltage (Volts)

Cutoff Voltage

3.4 Volts

3.5 Volts

3.6 Volts

Time (Minutes)

% Increase

28%

73%

300%

Battery AloneBattery with Pulse Capacitor

GSM Pulse @ 2 Amps

2.5

3.5

0 100 200 300 400 500

LI-ION Battery

Voltage (Volts)

Cutoff Voltage

3.4 Volts

3.5 Volts

3.6 Volts

Time (Minutes)

% Increase

83%

160%

900%

Battery AloneBattery with Pulse Capacitor

GSM Pulse @ 2 Amps 0 Deg C

0 50 100 150 200 250

NI-MH Battery

Voltage (Volts)

Time (Minutes)

Cutoff Voltage

4.3 Volts

4.4 Volts

4.5 Volts

% Increase

600%

3500%

4900%

Battery AloneBattery with Pulse Capacitor

GSM Pulse @ 2 Amps 0 Deg C

0 50 100 150 200

Voltage (Volts)

Cutoff Voltage

4.3 Volts

4.4 Volts

4.5 Volts

Time (Minutes)

% Increase

13%

118%

960%

Battery OnlyBattery and Capacitor

GSM Pulse @ 2 Amps

Additionally, the higher-than battery voltage supplied by the BestCap™keeps the voltage pulse above the

“cut off voltage” limit for a significantly longer time than is the case for the battery alone. This increase in

“talktime” is demonstrated in figures 6a) (Li-Ion at +25°C); 6b) (Li-Ion at 0°C); 6c) (Ni-MH at +25°C) & 6d)

(Ni-MH at 0°C).

Fig. 6a Li-ION Battery

Fig. 6b Battery Life at 0°C

Fig. 6c NI-MH Battery

Fig. 6d Battery Life at 0°C

BESTCAP™INRUSH CURRENT/SHORT CIRCUIT DISCHARGE CAPABILITIES

Testing of capacitors, including supercapacitors, is normally carried out using milliAmpere signals. However,

for many applications it is important to know the true capability of the device in terms of inrush and discharge

currents. In Figs. 7 & 8, shown below, show BestCap™charging to 10 Amps max., (28 x 17mm version) and

discharging with a peak current of 25 Amps (48 x 30mm version) into a load impedance of approximately

70 milliOhms.

Charging to 5.5V with maximum current of 10Amps.

Current

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

20ms/Div.

2AMPS/Div.

Voltage

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

20ms/Div.

1V/Div

Current

5ms/Div.

5A/Div.

Voltage

-1V

5msec/Div.

1V/Div

Discharge into load of 70 milliOhms; peak current = 25Amps.

These figures graphically illustrate the exceptional peak current handling capabilities of BestCap™.

Fig. 7 Inrush Characteristics

Fig. 8 Short-Circuit Discharge Characteristics

Back-up time of the BestCap™ may be calculated using the

following formula:

C = I * t / 



V = Vo – Vt – I * RESR

At low current (as is the case in the back-up application):



V= Vo – Vt

t = C

V/I = C*(Vo – Vt)/I

Where

C is the Capacitance in F

Vo is the initial voltage

Vt is the end voltage

I is the back-up current drain in Amperes

RESR is the ESR in Ohms

t = back-up time in seconds

Example: System Clock Time Maintenance

Using a BZ015A503ZAB35 BestCap™ 5.5V, 50mF, 28 x 17 footprint, 3.5 mm (max) height

If Vo = 5.0V Vt = 2.5V I(Back-up) = 40µA (40*10 –6 Amp.)

The discharge current of the Cap shall be the sum of the back-up current drain plus leakage current.

Leakage Current is a function of the Capacitor voltage. In the specific case,

the Leakage Current is 5µA at 5.0V and it comes down to <1µA at 2.5V.

In the “worst” case the Leakage Current = 5µA. Practically, the Leakage Current is 3µA[(5+1)/2].

The total discharge current during the back-up period is

40µA (back-up) + 5µA (Leakage Current) = 45µA, in the worst case, or

40µA (back-up) + 3µA (Leakage Current) = 43µA, practically.

Thus the back-up time would be:

t= 50*10–3 * (5–2.5)/45*10–6 = 46 minutes

Engineering Guidance Notes

1. Operational and storage temperature

-20°C to +70°C. Storage at room temperature is

recommended.

2. Voltage

Rated voltage of the capacitor is per the data sheet and

the label on the product. A surge voltage of V rated

+2% may be applied to the capacitor for <5 sec without

damage or performance degradation.

3. Temperature/Voltage Recommendations

Temperature -20°C to +35°C +35°C to +70°C

Rated Voltage Recommended Maximum Applied Voltage

3.5V 3.5V 3.2V

4.5V 4.5V 4.2V

5.5V 5.5V 5.0V

4. Polarity

BestCap™capacitors are non-polar, so can handle both

positive and negative voltages. The polarity marking on

the label relates to internal test procedures only and may

be ignored in normal use.

5. Mounting

BestCap™may not be reflow or wave soldered. Hand

soldering of the device is acceptable. When hand

soldering, use a soldering iron of <30W rating and ensure

that the tip temperature does not exceed +350°C.

Duration of the soldering operation should be <3 sec.

Mounting chips which may be automatically placed, (i.e.

via Pick n’ Place machine) and reflow soldered, and into

which the BestCap™may subsequently be inserted, are

available for some versions of BestCap™. Please check

with your AVX Sales Office for further information.

6. Other Precautions

•Do not disassemble the capacitor

•Do not dispose of the capacitor by incineration.

•Should the internal material come in contact with the

skin or eyes, wash/rinse thoroughly with running

water.

BESTCAP™IN BATTERY BACK-UPAPPLICATIONS

BestCap™is normally utilized as a power-boosting device to assist the main battery during pulse power

demand periods. However, the capacitor may also be used as a back-up unit when, for example, the battery is

being replaced.

Other BestCap™Characteristics

The material systems used in the Bestcap structure features the following characteristics:

•Completely non-toxic.

•Capable of very thin formats.

•Shock resistance to >30000G’s.

•Various voltage ratings.

•Non-Polar.

•Low leakage current <0.2µA/mF.

•Capacitance values 30-560mF.

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BESTCAP 2.5k 0501