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Digitally Controlled Potentiometer (XDCP
™
) X9C102/103/104/503
FEATURES
• Solid-state potentiometer
• 3-wire serial interface
• 100 wiper tap points
—Wiper position stored in nonvolatile memory
and recalled on power-up
• 99 resistive elements
—Temperature compensated
—End to end resistance, ±20%
—Terminal voltages, ±5V
•Low power CMOS
—V
CC
= 5V
—Active current, 3mA max.
—Standby current, 750µA max.
• High reliability
—Endurance, 100,000 data changes per bit
—Register data retention, 100 years
• X9C102 = 1 k
Ω
• X9C103 = 10 k
Ω
• X9C503 = 50 k
Ω
• X9C104 = 100 k
Ω
•Packages
—8-lead SOIC and DIP
DESCRIPTION
The X9Cxxx are Xicor digitally controlled (XDCP)
potentiometers. The device consists of a resistor array,
wiper switches, a control section, and nonvolatile
memory. The wiper position is controlled by a three-
wire interface.
The potentiometer is implemented by a resistor array
composed of 99 resistive elements and a wiper switch-
ing network. Between each element and at either end
are tap points accessible to the wiper terminal. The
position of the wiper element is controlled by the CS,
U/D, and INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be
stored in nonvolatile memory and then be recalled
upon a subsequent power-up operation.
The device can be used as a three-terminal potentiom-
eter or as a two-terminal variable resistor in a wide
variety of applications including:
– control
– parameter adjustments
– signal processing
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Up/Down
(INC)
Increment
Device
(U/D)
(CS)
VCC (Supply Voltage)
VSS (Ground)
7-Bit
Up/Down
Counter
7-Bit
Nonvolatile
Memory
Store and
Recall
Control
Circuitry
One
of
Hundred
Decoder
Resistor
Array
U/D
INC
CS
Transfer
VCC
GND
One-
Gates
99
98
97
96
2
1
0
Control
and
Memory
General
Detailed
RL/VL
RW/VW
RH/VH
VH/RH
RW/VW
VL/RL
Select
XDCP is a trademark of Xicor, Inc.
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X9C102/103/104/503
PIN CONFIGURATION
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number Temperature Range Package End to End Resistance
X9C102P 0°C TO +70°C 8-Lead Plastic DIP 1 k
Ω
X9C102PI -40°C TO +85°C 8-Lead Plastic DIP 1 k
Ω
X9C102S 0°C TO +70°C 8-Lead SOIC 1 k
Ω
X9C102SI -40°C TO +85°C 8-Lead SOIC 1 k
Ω
X9C103P 0°C TO +70°C 8-Lead Plastic DIP 10 k
Ω
X9C103PI -40°C TO +85°C 8-Lead Plastic DIP 10 k
Ω
X9C103S 0°C TO +70°C 8-Lead SOIC 10 k
Ω
X9C103SI -40°C TO +85°C 8-Lead SOIC 10 k
Ω
X9C104P 0°C TO +70°C 8-Lead Plastic DIP 100 k
Ω
X9C104PI -40°C TO +85°C 8-Lead Plastic DIP 100 k
Ω
X9C104S 0°C TO +70°C 8-Lead SOIC 100 k
Ω
X9C104SI -40°C TO +85°C 8-Lead SOIC 100 k
Ω
X9C503P 0°C TO +70°C 8-Lead Plastic DIP 50 k
Ω
X9C503PI -40°C TO +85°C 8-Lead Plastic DIP 50 k
Ω
X9C503S 0°C TO +70°C 8-Lead SOIC 50 k
Ω
X9C503SI -40°C TO +85°C 8-Lead SOIC 50 k
Ω
VCC
CS
VL/RL
VW/RW
INC
U/D
VSS
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
VH/RH
X9C102/103/104/503
DIP/SOIC
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PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Pin Symbol Brief Description
1 INC
Increment .
The
INC
input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC will move the wiper and either
increment or decrement the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on the U/D input.
2U/D
Up/Down.
The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper movement and whether the
counter is incremented or decremented.
3R
H
/V
H
R
H
/V
H
.
The high (V
H
/R
H
) terminals of the X9C102/103/104/503 are equivalent to the fixed
terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is –5V and the maximum is
+5V. The terminology of V
H
/R
H
and V
L
/R
L
references the relative position of the terminal in
relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential
on the terminal.
4
V
SS
V
SS
5V
W
/R
W
V
W
/R
W
.
V
W
/R
W
is the wiper terminal, and is equivalent to the movable terminal of a mechan-
ical potentiometer. The position of the wiper within the array is determined by the control inputs.
The wiper terminal series resistance is typically 40
Ω
.
6R
L
/V
L
R
L
/V
L
.
The low (V
L
/R
L
) terminals of the X9C102/103/104/503 are equivalent to the fixed
terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is –5V and the maximum is
+5V. The terminology of V
H
/R
H
and V
L
/R
L
references the relative position of the terminal in
relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential
on the terminal.
7CS
CS.
The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The current counter value is stored in
nonvolatile memory when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. After the store
operation is complete the X9C102/103/104/503 device will be placed in the low power standby
mode until the device is selected once again.
8
V
CC
V
CC
X9C102/103/104/503
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ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Temperature under bias ....................–65°C to +135°C
Storage temperature .........................–65°C to +150°C
Voltage on CS, INC, U/D and V
CC
with respect to V
SS
..................................–1V to +7V
Voltage on V
H
/R
H
and V
L
/R
L
referenced to V
SS
...................................–8V to +8V
∆
V = |V
H
/R
H
–V
L
/R
L
|
X9C102 ............................................................... 4V
X9C103, X9C503, and X9C104 ......................... 10V
Lead temperature (soldering, 10 seconds)...... +300°C
I
W
(10 seconds) ................................................ 8.8mA
COMMENT
Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum
Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device.
This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the
device (at these or any other conditions above those
listed in the operational sections of this specification) is
not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
Temperature Min. Max.
Commercial 0°C +70°C
Industrial –40°C +85°C
Supply Voltage (V
CC
)Limits
X9C102/103/104/503 5V ±10%
POTENTIOMETER CHARACTERISTICS
(Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise stated.)
Notes:
(1) Absolute linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage = [V
W(n)(actual)
–V
W(n)(expected )
] = ±1 MI Maximum.
(2) Relative linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = V
W(n + 1)
–[V
W(n) + MI
] = +0.2 MI.
(3) 1 MI = Minimum Increment = RTOT/99
(4) Typical values are for TA = 25°C and nominal supply voltage.
(5) This parameter is not 100% tested.
Symbol Parameter
Limits
Unit Test Conditions/NotesMin. Typ. Max.
RTOTAL End to end resistance variation –20 +20 %
VVH/RH VH terminal voltage –5 +5 V
VVL/RL VL terminal voltage –5 +5 V
Power rating 16 mW X9C102
Power rating 10 mW X9C103/104/503
IWWiper current -4.4 4.4 mA
RWWiper resistance 40 100 ΩWiper Current = ±1mA
Noise –120 dBV Ref. 1kHz
Resolution 1 %
Absolute linearity(1) –1 +1 M(3) VW(n)(actual)–VW(n)(expected)
Relative linearity(2) –0.2 +0.2 MI(3) VW(n + 1)(actual)–[VW(n) + MI]
RTOTAL temperature coefficient ±300 ppm/°C X9C103/503/104
RTOTAL temperature coefficient ±600 ppm/°C X9C102
Ratiometric temperature coefficient ±20 ppm/°C
CH/CL/CWPotentiometer capacitances 10/10/25 pF See Circuit #3, Macro Model
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D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.)
ENDURANCE AND DATA RETENTION
Symbol Parameter
Limits
Unit Test ConditionsMin. Typ.(4) Max.
ICC VCC active current 1 3 mA CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and
INC = 0.4V to 2.4V @ max. tCYC
ISB Standby supply current 200 750 µA CS = VCC – 0.3V, U/D and INC = VSS
or VCC – 0.3V
ILI CS, INC, U/D input leak-
age current
±10 µA VIN = VSS to VCC
VIH CS, INC, U/D input HIGH
voltage
2V
CC + 1 V
VIL CS, INC, U/D input LOW
voltage
–1 0.8 V
CIN(2) CS, INC, U/D input
capacitance
10 pF VCC = 5V, VIN = VSS, TA = 25°C, f = 1MHz
Parameter Min. Unit
Minimum endurance 100,000 Data changes per bit per register
Data retention 100 years
Test Circuit #1 Test Circuit #2 Test Circuit #3
Test Point
VW/RW
VR/RH
VS
VL/RL
Force
Current
VH/RH
Test Point
VW/RW
VL/RL
RH
CH
10pF
CW
RL
CL
RW
RTOTAL
25pF
10pF
Macro Model
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A.C. CONDITIONS OF TEST
A.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified)
POWER UP AND DOWN REQUIREMENTS
At all times, voltages on the potentiometer pins must be less than ±VCC. The recall of the wiper position from non-
volatile memory is not in effect until the VCC supply reaches its final value. The VCC ramp rate spec is always in
effect.
A.C. TIMING
Notes: (6) Typical values are for TA = 25°C and nominal supply voltage.
(7) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
(8) MI in the A.C. timing diagram refers to the minimum incremental change in the VW output due to a change in the wiper position.
Input pulse levels 0V to 3V
Input rise and fall times 10ns
Input reference levels 1.5V
Symbol Parameter
Limits
UnitMin. Typ.(6) Max.
tCl CS to INC setup 100 ns
tlD INC HIGH to U/D change 100 ns
tDI U/D to INC setup 2.9 µs
tlL INC LOW period 1 µs
tlH INC HIGH period 1 µs
tlC INC inactive to CS inactive 1 µs
tCPH CS deselect time (STORE) 20 ms
tCPH CS deselect time (NO STORE) 100 ns
tIW INC to VW/RW change 100 500 µs
tCYC INC cycle time 4 µs
tR, tF(7) INC input rise and fall time 500 µs
tPU(7) Power up to wiper stable 500 µs
tR VCC(7) VCC power-up rate 0.2 50 V/ms
CS
INC
U/D
VW
tCI tIL tIH
tCYC
tID tDI
tIW
MI (8)
tIC tCPH
tFtR
10%
90% 90%
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DETAILED PIN DESCRIPTIONS
RH/VH and RL/VL
The high (VH/RH) and low (VL/RL) terminals of the
X9C102/103/104/503 are equivalent to the fixed termi-
nals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum volt-
age is –5V and the maximum is +5V. The terminology
of VH/RH and VL/RL references the relative position of
the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction
selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential
on the terminal.
RW/VW
VW/RW is the wiper terminal, and is equivalent to the
movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. The
position of the wiper within the array is determined by
the control inputs. The wiper terminal series resistance is
typically 40Ω.
Up/Down (U/D)
The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper move-
ment and whether the counter is incremented or decre-
mented.
Increment (INC)
The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC
will move the wiper and either increment or decrement
the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level
on the U/D input.
Chip Select (CS)
The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The
current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory
when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also
HIGH. After the store operation is complete the
X9C102/103/104/503 device will be placed in the low
power standby mode until the device is selected once
again.
PIN CONFIGURATION
PIN NAMES
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
There are three sections of the X9Cxxx: the input con-
trol, counter and decode section; the nonvolatile mem-
ory; and the resistor array. The input control section
operates just like an up/down counter. The output of
this counter is decoded to turn on a single electronic
switch connecting a point on the resistor array to the
wiper output. Under the proper conditions the contents
of the counter can be stored in nonvolatile memory and
retained for future use. The resistor array is comprised
of 99 individual resistors connected in series. At either
end of the array and between each resistor is an elec-
tronic switch that transfers the potential at that point to
the wiper.
The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its
mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the
last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around
when clocked to either extreme.
The electronic switches on the device operate in a
“make before break” mode when the wiper changes
tap positions. If the wiper is moved several positions,
multiple taps are connected to the wiper for tIW (INC to
VW/RW change). The RTOTAL value for the device can
temporarily be reduced by a significant amount if the
wiper is moved several positions.
When the device is powered-down, the last wiper posi-
tion stored will be maintained in the nonvolatile mem-
ory. When power is restored, the contents of the
memory are recalled and the wiper is set to the value
last stored.
VCC
CS
VL/RL
VW/RW
INC
U/D
VSS
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
VH/RH
X9C102/103/104/503
DIP/SOIC
Symbol Description
VH /RHHigh Terminal
VW/RWWiper Terminal
VL/RLLow Terminal
VSS Ground
VCC Supply Voltage
U/D Up/Down Control Input
INC Increment Control Input
CS Chip Select Control Input
NC No Connection
X9C102/103/104/503
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INSTRUCTIONS AND PROGRAMMING
The INC, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of
the wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the
device is selected and enabled to respond to the U/D
and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW transitions on INC will
increment or decrement (depending on the state of the
U/D input) a seven-bit counter. The output of this
counter is decoded to select one of one-hundred wiper
positions along the resistive array.
The value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile mem-
ory whenever CS transitions HIGH while the INC input
is also HIGH.
The system may select the X9Cxxx, move the wiper,
and deselect the device without having to store the lat-
est wiper position in nonvolatile memory. After the
wiper movement is performed as described above and
once the new position is reached, the system must
keep INC LOW while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper
position will be maintained until changed by the system
or until a power-down/up cycle recalled the previously
stored data.
This procedure allows the system to always power-up
to a preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then
during system operation minor adjustments could be
made. The adjustments might be based on user prefer-
ence: system parameter changes due to temperature
drift, etc...
The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains
LOW. This allows the host system to enable the device
and then move the wiper up and down until the proper
trim is attained.
MODE SELECTION
SYMBOL TABLE
CS INC U/D Mode
LHWiper Up
LLWiper Down
HXStore Wiper Position
HXXStandby Current
LXNo Store, Return to Standby
LHWiper Up (not recommended)
LLWiper Down (not recommended)
WAVEFORM INPUTS OUTPUTS
Must be
steady
Will be
steady
May change
from Low to
High
Will change
from Low to
High
May change
from High to
Low
Will change
from High to
Low
Don’t Care:
Changes
Allowed
Changing:
State Not
Known
N/A Center Line
is High
Impedance
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PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Contact the factory for more information.
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Electronic digitally controlled (XCDP) potentiometers provide three powerful application advantages; (1) the vari-
ability and reliability of a solid-state potentiometer, (2) the flexibility of computer-based digital controls, and (3) the
retentivity of nonvolatile memory used for the storage of multiple potentiometer settings or data.
Basic Configurations of Electronic Potentiometers
Basic Circuits
VRVR
I
Three terminal potentiometer;
variable voltage divider Two terminal variable resistor;
variable current
VH/RH
VL/RL
VW/RW
Cascading TechniquesBuffered Reference Voltage
–
+
+5V
R1
+V
–5V
VW
VREF VOUT
OP-07
VW/RW
VW/RW
+V
+V +V
X
(a) (b)
VOUT = VW/RW
Noninverting Amplifier
VO = (1+R2/R1)VS
Voltage Regulator
R1
R2
Iadj
VO (REG) = 1.25V (1+R2/R1)+Iadj R2
VO (REG)VIN 317
Offset Voltage Adjustment
+
–
VS
VO
R2
R1
100KΩ
10KΩ10KΩ
10KΩ
-12V+12V
TL072
Comparator with Hysteresis
VUL = {R1/(R1+R2)} VO(max)
VLL = {R1/(R1+R2)} VO(min)
+
–
VS
VO
R2
R1
LM308A
+5V
–5V
+
–
VSVO
R2
R1
}
}
LT311A
(for additional circuits see AN115)
X9C102/103/104/503
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PACKAGING INFORMATION
NOTE:
1. ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
2. PACKAGE DIMENSIONS EXCLUDE MOLDING FLASH
0.020 (0.51)
0.016 (0.41)
0.150 (3.81)
0.125 (3.18)
0.110 (2.79)
0.090 (2.29)
0.430 (10.92)
0.360 (9.14)
0.300
(7.62) Ref.
Pin 1 Index
0.145 (3.68)
0.128 (3.25)
0.025 (0.64)
0.015 (0.38)
Pin 1
Seating
0.065 (1.65)
0.045 (1.14)
0.260 (6.60)
0.240 (6.10)
0.060 (1.52)
0.020 (0.51)
Typ. 0.010 (0.25)
0°
15°
8-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line Package Type P
Half Shoulder Width On
All End Pins Optional
.073 (1.84)
Max.
0.325 (8.25)
0.300 (7.62)
Plane
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PACKAGING INFORMATION
–
0.150 (3.80)
0.158 (4.00)
0.228 (5.80)
0.244 (6.20)
0.014 (0.35)
0.019 (0.49)
Pin 1
Pin 1 Index
0.010 (0.25)
0.020 (0.50)
0.050 (1.27)
0.188 (4.78)
0.197 (5.00)
0.004 (0.19)
0.010 (0.25)
0.053 (1.35)
0.069 (1.75)
(4X) 7°
0.016 (0.410)
0.037 (0.937)
0.0075 (0.19)
0.010 (0.25)
0° - 8°
X 45°
8-Lead Plastic Small Outline Gull Wing Package Type S
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
0.250"
0.050" Typical
0.050"
Typical
0.030"
Typical
8 PlacesFOOTPRINT
Characteristics subject to change without notice. 12 of 12
LIMITED WARRANTY
Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty,
express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement.
Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices
at any time and without notice.
Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents, or licenses are implied.
TRADEMARK DISCLAIMER:
Xicor and the Xicor logo are registered trademarks of Xicor, Inc. AutoStore, Direct Write, Block Lock, SerialFlash, MPS, BiasLock and XDCP are also trademarks of
Xicor, Inc. All others belong to their respective owners.
U.S. PATENTS
Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846;
4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829,482; 4,874,967; 4,883,976; 4,980,859; 5,012,132; 5,003,197; 5,023,694; 5,084,667; 5,153,880; 5,153,691;
5,161,137; 5,219,774; 5,270,927; 5,324,676; 5,434,396; 5,544,103; 5,587,573; 5,835,409; 5,977,585. Foreign patents and additional patents pending.
LIFE RELATED POLICY
In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with appropriate error detection
and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurrence.
Xicor’s products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems.
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to
perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user.
2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
©Xicor, Inc. 2003 Patents Pending
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X9C102/103/104/503
