D WIMA SuperCap MR 100-5 NEW Double-Layer Capacitor Module with very High Capacitance in the Farad Range Special Features Storage capacitor module with very high capacitance value of 100 F and a rated voltage of 5 VDC Discharge current up to 400 A Maintenance-free Series connected Actively balanced According to RoHS 2002/95/EC Typical Applications Suitable for support, protection or replacement of batteries in the field of new traction technologies in Automotive Railway technology Wind power systems Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) Construction Internal construction: Technical Data Capacitance: CN Part number: Capacitance tolerance: - Rated voltage: UR Rated current: IC Pulse current: IP Internal resistance: RDC Max. energy stored: 20% Emax. Operating temperature: T op Storage temperature: Tst Weight: m Volume: V 100 F SCMRA6B100MC00MV00 20% 5V 50 A uo to 400 A 18 m 3 kJ -30) C . . . +65) C -40) C . . . +70) C 360 g 0.25 l Additional Data Case: Lug terminals: Number of single cells: - - - Al 99.5 Brass 3 x 300 F Cd CV 300 F/kg 400 F/l Ed EV 1.6 Wh/kg 2.8 Wh/l Comparative Data Capacitance density: gravimetric volumetric Energy density: gravimetric volumetric Encapsulation: Rectangular aluminium case, sealed by laser welding Terminations: Lug terminals Marking: Colour: Black. Marking: Gold Capacitance W W1 H H1 L 3 x 300 F 95 59 74 51 110 Dims. in mm. Lug terminals for 6.3 mm slip-on connectors. 01.10 Rights reserved to amend design data without prior notification. 135 D WIMA SuperCap MR 100-14 NEW Double-Layer Capacitor Module with very High Capacitance in the Farad Range Special Features Storage capacitor module with very high capacitance value of 100 F and a rated voltage of 14 VDC Discharge current up to 800 A Maintenance-free Series connected Actively balanced According to RoHS 2002/95/EC Typical Applications Suitable for support, protection or replacement of batteries in the field of new traction technologies in Automotive Railway technology Wind power systems Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) Construction Internal construction: Technical Data Capacitance: CN Part number: Capacitance tolerance: - Rated voltage: UR Rated current: IC Pulse current: IP Internal resistance: RDC Max. energy stored: 20% Emax. Operating temperature: Top Storage temperature: Tst Weight: m Volume: V 100 F SCMRA3B100MC00MV00 20% 14 V 100 A uo to 800 A 18 m 11.5 kJ -30) C . . . +65) C -40) C . . . +70) C 1100 g 0.93 l Additional Data Case: Lug terminals: Number of single cells: - - - Al 99.5 Brass 6 x 600 F Cd CV 91 F/kg 108 F/l Ed EV 2.6 Wh/kg 3.1 Wh/l Comparative Data Capacitance density: gravimetric volumetric Energy density: gravimetric volumetric Encapsulation: Metal case Terminations: F6.3 slip-on terminations according to DIN 46244 Marking: Colour: Black. Marking: Gold Dims. in mm. Lug terminals for 6.3 mm slip-on connection. Capacitance W H 6 x 600 F L1 58 97 204.5 187.5 01.10 Rights reserved to amend design data without prior notification. L 136 D WIMA SuperCap MR 450-16 NEW Double-Layer Capacitor Module with very High Capacitance in the Farad Range Special Features Storage capacitor module with very high capacitance value of 450 F and a rated voltage of 16 VDC Discharge current up to 3000 A Maintenance-free Series connected Actively balanced According to RoHS 2002/95/EC Typical Applications Suitable for support, protection or replacement of batteries in the field of new traction technologies in Automotive Railway technology Wind power systems Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) Construction Internal construction: Technical Data Capacitance: CN Part number: Capacitance tolerance: - Rated voltage: UR Rated current: IC Pulse current: IP Internal resistance: RDC Max. energy stored: 20% Emax. Operating temperature: T op Storage temperature: Tst Weight: m Volume: V 450 F SCMRA0B450MC00MV00 20% 16 V 800 A uo to 3000 A 3.5 m 70 kJ -30) C . . . +65) C -40) C . . . +70) C 5500 g 4.7 l Additional Data Case: Screw terminations: Number of single cells: - - - Al 99.5 2 x M8 7 x 3000 F Cd CV 82 F/kg 96 F/l Ed EV 3.1 Wh/kg 3.6 Wh/l Comparative Data Capacitance density: gravimetric volumetric Energy density: gravimetric volumetric Encapsulation: Metal case Terminations: Screw connection M8 Marking: Colour: Black. Marking: Gold Dims. in mm. Capacitance W H 7 x 3000 F L1 85 172 323 285 01.10 Rights reserved to amend design data without prior notification. L 137 D Technical Data and Applications of WIMA Double-Layer Capacitors Construction Principle The construction principle of a DoubleLayer Capacitor can be described as a plate capacitor where the most important aim is to obtain electrodes with an extremely large surface. For this purpose activated carbon is ideally suited, as it allows to achieve capacitance values of up to 100 F/ g of active mass of the electrode. The electrolyte, the conductive liquid between the electrodes is a conducting salt dissolved in an aqueous or organic solvent which permits to apply voltages of 2.5 V. Construction principle of the WIMA Double-Layer Capacitor The actual double-layer consists of ions which, when voltage is applied, attach to the positive or negative electrode corresponding to their opposite poles and thus create a dielectric gauge of a few Angstrom only. This results in a very high capacitance yield caused by the very huge surface of the electrode in accordance with the formula the solvent - even through the separator film. This phenomenon represents the main reason for the limited voltage capability of 2.5 V only and the steep decrease of capacitance versus frequency exhibited by Double-Layer Capacitors. Cascaded SuperCap Modules Several SuperCap cells can be built up to enormous capacitances of the desired voltage by means of series or parallel connection (cascade). When cascading SuperCaps, the voltage of single cells must not exceed 2.5 V (decomposition of the electrolyte!) Hence, series connections need in any case to be balanced since a possibly slightly different aging of the individual cells due to temperature may over time cause deviating capacitances and thus different voltage drops at the cell. The balancing will be factory-mounted into a module. This can be made passively and in a cost-efficient way by simple resistors in those cases where additional losses as bypass current through the balancing resistors can be tolerated by the application. Alternatively, an active balancing can be made by keeping each cell at a certain voltage by means of a reference source. That means if the comparator circuit detects a commencing overload of any cell individual discharge is initiated by a bypass resistor. Except the leakage current of the cells there are no considerable losses created during active balancing. Active balancing. Comparator compares voltage at the capacitor by a reference voltage and switches in order to discharge through a bypassing resistor until overvoltage has declined. Operational Life For physical reasons it is unavoidable that Double-Layer Capacitors are subjected to aging which follows the logarithmic dependence of voltage applied and ambient temperature (Arrhenius behaviour) that can be observed with other components, too. However, continuous studies have shown that WIMA products exhibit a significantly improved behaviour in terms of life time being achieved by a laser-welded, hermetically sealed construction of the cells in metal cases which makes penetration from outside impossible; they cannot dry up and can withstand a certain thermal expansion movement. Only by this innovation one can consider the component being suitable for long-year maintenance-free application. C = e x Surface Distance To visualise this, the internal surface of a Double-Layer Capacitor would cover a football pitch. Passive balancing. Without resistors: U reciprocal-effect to C - thus locale overvoltage easily can occur With resistors: U proportional-effect to R - thus voltage is fixed 01.10 A permeable diaphragm acting as a separating layer and called separator avoids short-circuit between the two electrodes and considerably influences the characteristics of the capacitor. Charge or discharge of the Double-Layer Capacitor is combined with the transformation of the layers in the electrical field and thus with the movement of the charge carriers in 126 D Technical Data and Applications of WIMA Double-Layer Capacitors When properly treated WIMA SuperCaps have a service life beyond 10 years and can easily sustain more than 500.000 charge/discharge cycles. The efficiency is far higher than 90%. Application Examples In general Double-Layer Capacitors are applied for voltage support, for saving or for replacing conventional battery or charger solutions. The typical application is the quick supply of several 100 A to 1000 A in the direct current field. Slip Control in Wind Power Life time expectancy for WIMA SuperCaps Advantages in Comparison with other Energy Storage Solutions WIMA SuperCaps are showing foIlowing advantages in comparison with other energy storage solutions: " Low internal resistance (less than 1/10 of what a usual battery exhibits) " Release of high currents (10 to 100 times more than batteries) " Maintenance-free operation " No risk of damage due to complete discharge of the component " High life expectancy " Usage in isolated systems, e. g. inaccessible areas, is unproblematic " Comparatively low weight WIMA Double-Layer Capacitors are particularly suitable in applications where high and even highest currents - not in pure AC operation - occur. By combining the advantage of conventional capacitors as fast suppliers of electricity with that of batteries as notable energy reservoirs the SuperCap represents the link between battery and conventional capacitor. Start of Micro-Turbines, Fuel Cells or Diesel-Electric Generator working as Power Set For micro-turbines driven with natural gas for generation of electrical energy on oil platforms, in part also for gas pumping stations, in sensible areas like hospitals and huge factories the use of SuperCap modules to replace conventional starter batteries (by experience needing replacement every 2 to 3 years) is the optimum choice. Usually about 300 kJ of electrical energy at a system voltage of 240 V are needed for a turbine start-up time of 10 to 20 s. When starting special micro-turbines or for bridging during start of a fuel cell working as emergency power supply, generally a few 100 kJ of electrical energy are required for a system start time of approx. 10 to 20 sec. The stored energy time is approximately 20 s. Due to the system voltage of 48 V, 22 cells of 1200 F are cascaded in a Starting huge Railway, Naval or Truck Motors The start of V16 or V24 cylinder motors (6000 kW), e. g. for generator drives of diesel-electric trains or start of a naval diesel engine requires considerably high currents. 1300 A are quite usual which can be covered by capacitor units of 450 to 600 F at 28 V. Frequently the crankshaft is turned by two starters on both sides (e. g. 7 kW each with a positive switch off after 9 s for 2 min), in order to avoid torsion of the huge mass. The low total internal resistance of less then 3 m which is beyond reach for batteries the capacitor solution is outstanding. Recuperation of Braking Energy In times of resource shortage of fuel the highest possible recuperation of braking energy is a challenging aim. While recuperation in electric train drives or in hybrid busses is already practiced since long, for non-mains connected vehicles the energy recuperation to the on-board battery has only be realized to the extent of few per cent. The basic reason is the charge current limitation of batteries where the recuperable energy is obtained at very high currents in a scope of milliseconds. If for example 1 ton shall be decelerated from 100 km/h to 0 km/h 400 kJ are released, for 10 tons it is ten times as much. So far no suitable high-energy storage devices were available (guideline values: 500 A to 1000 A). This is the domain of the new SuperCaps since in the foreseeable future even most modern battery systems will not be in a position to cope with such energy. 01.10 Standard SuperCap Battery Capacitor Capacitance < 1 m F/cm 2 1000 000 m F per Surface (1 F/cm 2) < 0.01 Wh/kg < 10 Wh/kg 100 Wh/kg Energydensity < 0.1 kW/kg > 1 kW/kg 0.1 kW/kg Powerdensity In large-scale wind turbine systems, slip controllers are used to control the rotation speed by altering the angle of the rotor blades. The drives are mains-independent and if electrically controlled use the energy stored in batteries or double-layer capacitors. These storage devices have to meet stringent requirements. During winter time the temperatures in the wind tower top housing often reach around -40 C, and during summer time they may easily go up to more than +60 C during operation. The current of 200 A necessary for the breakaway torque of e. g. a 3 kW motor presents big problems to batteries due to the ambient conditions described. Their short life time and frequently necessary maintenance renders them unsatisfactory. However, when properly dimensioned, modern SuperCap solutions enable a maintenance-free usage of the electrical storage device of minimum 10 years. module to achieve the setpoint voltage in order to replace a battery block. For start-up of generators for energy supply of autonomous telecommunication stations which are located decentrally in a tight network but supplied with fuel the new double-layer capacitors would provide a solution. Right now tests are run with 14 V series connections (70 to 100 F) which should render a maintenance-free service. After three starting processes in a sequence their energy with 300 to 500 A each flowing (depending on the size of the motor) is used up. The now running generator, however, immediately supplies them with electrical energy again. 127 D WIMA Part Number System A WIMA part number consists of 18 digits and is composed as follows: 1 - 4: Type description 5 - 6: Rated voltage 7 - 10: Capacitance 11 - 12: Size and PCM 13 - 14: Special features (e.g. Snubber versions) 15: Capacitance tolerance 16: Packing 17 - 18: Lead length (untaped) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 M K S 2 C 0 3 1 0 0 1 A 0 0 M S S D 20 % bulk MKS 2 Type description: SMD-PET = SMD-PEN = SMD-PPS = FKP 02 = MKS 02 = FKS 2 = FKM 2 = FKP 2 = MKS 2 = MKP 2 = MKI 2 = FKS 3 = FKM 3 = FKP 3 = MKS 4 = MKM 4 = MKP 4 = MKP 10 = FKP 4 = FKP 1 = MKP-X2 = MKP-X2 R = MKP-Y2 = MP 3-X2 = MP 3-X1 = MP 3-Y2 = MP 3R-Y2 = Snubber FKP = Snubber MKP = GTO MKP = DC-LINK MKP 4 = DC-LINK MKP C = DC-LINK HC = SuperCap C = SuperCap MC = SuperCap R = SuperCap MR = 63 VDC SMDT SMDN SMDI FKS0 MKS0 FKS2 FKM2 FKP2 MKS2 MKP2 MKI2 FKS3 FKM3 FKP3 MKS4 MKM4 MKP4 MKP1 FKP4 FKP1 MKX2 MKXR MKY2 MPX2 MPX1 MPY2 MPYR SNFP SNMP GTOM DCP4 DCPC DCH_ SCSC SCMC SCSR SCMR Rated voltage: 16 VDC = A0 2.5 VDC = A1 4 VDC = A2 14 VDC = A3 28 VDC = A4 40 VDC = A5 50 VDC = B0 63 VDC = C0 100 VDC = D0 160 VDC = E0 250 VDC = F0 400 VDC = G0 630 VDC = J0 800 VDC = L0 850 VDC = M0 1000 VDC = O1 1200 VDC = Q0 1600 VDC = T0 2000 VDC = U0 2500 VDC = V0 4000 VDC = X0 6000 VDC = Y0 250 VAC = 0W 275 VAC = 1W 300 VAC = 2W 400 VAC = 3W 440 VAC = 4W 500 VAC = 5W ... 0.01 mF Capacitance: 22 pF = 0022 47 pF = 0047 100 pF = 0100 220 pF = 0220 470 pF = 0470 1000 pF = 1100 2200 pF = 1220 4700 pF = 1470 0.01 mF = 2100 0.022 mF = 2220 0.047 mF = 2470 0.1 mF = 3100 0.22 mF = 3220 0.47 mF = 3470 = 4100 1 mF 2.2 mF = 4220 4.7 mF = 4470 = 5100 10 mF = 5220 22 mF = 5470 47 mF 100 mF = 6100 220 mF = 6220 1F = A010 2.5 F = A025 50 F = A500 100 F = B100 600 F = B600 1200 F = C120 ... - 2.5 x 6.5 x 7.2 Size: 4.8 x 3.3 x 3 Size 1812 5.7 x 5.1 x 3.5 Size 2220 7.2 x 6.1 x 3 Size 2824 2.5 x 7 x 4.6 PCM 2.5 3 x 7.5 x 4.6 PCM 2.5 2.5 x 6.5 x 7.2 PCM 5 3 x 7.5 x 7.2 PCM 5 2.5 x 7 x 10 PCM 7.5 3 x 8.5 x 10 PCM 7.5 3 x 9 x 13 PCM 10 4 x 9 x 13 PCM 10 5 x 11 x 18 PCM 15 6 x 12.5 x 18 PCM 15 5 x 14 x 26.5 PCM 22.5 6 x 15 x 26.5 PCM 22.5 9 x 19 x 31.5 PCM 27.5 11 x21 x 31.5 PCM 27.5 9 x 19 x 41.5 PCM 37.5 11 x 22 x 41.5 PCM 37.5 94 x 49 x 182 DCH_ 94 x 77 x 182 DCH_ ... Special features: Standard = 00 Version A1 = 1A Version A1.1 = 1B ... = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = X1 Y1 T1 0B 0C 1A 1B 2A 2B 3A 3B 4A 4B 5A 5B 6A 6B 7A 7B H0 H1 Tolerance: 20 % = 10 % = 5% = 2.5 % = 1% = ... 6 -2 M K J H E Packing: AMMO H16.5 340 x 340 AMMO H16.5 490 x 370 AMMO H18.5 340 x 340 AMMO H18.5 490 x 370 REEL H16.5 360 REEL H16.5 500 REEL H18.5 360 REEL H18.5 500 ROLL H16.5 ROLL H18.5 BLISTER W12 180 BLISTER W12 330 BLISTER W16 330 BLISTER W24 330 Bulk Mini Bulk Standard Bulk Maxi TPS Mini TPS Standard ... A B C D F H I J N O P Q R T M S G X Y Lead length (untaped) 3.5 0.5 = C9 6 -2 = SD 16 -1 = P4 ... The data on this page is not complete and serves only to explain the part number system. Part number information is listed on the pages of the respective WIMA range. 138 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 01.10 Field Field Field Field Field Field Field Field