135
01.10
D
Capacitance: CN 100 F
Part number: SCMRA6B100MC00MV00
Capacitance tolerance: ±20%
Rated voltage: UR 5 V
Rated current: IC 50 A
Pulse current: IP uo to 400 A
Internal resistance: RDC 18 m¸
Max. energy stored: ±20% Emax. 3 kJ
Operating temperature: Top 30) C . . . +65) C
Storage temperature: Tst 40) C . . . +70) C
Weight: m 360 g
Volume: V 0.25 l
Additional Data
Case: Al99.5
Lug terminals: Brass
Number of single cells: - 3 x 300 F
Comparative Data
Capacitance density:
gravimetric Cd 300 F/kg
volumetric CV 400 F/l
Energy density:
gravimetric Ed 1.6 Wh/kg
volumetric EV 2.8 Wh/l
WIMA SuperCap MR 100-5
Rights reserved to amend design data
without prior notification.
Capacitance W W1 H H1 L
3 x 300 F 110 95 59 74 51
Dims. in mm.
Lug terminals for 6.3 mm slip-on connectors.
Double-Layer Capacitor Module
with very High Capacitance in the Farad Range
Special Features Technical Data
NEW
˜ Storage capacitor module with very
high capacitance value of 100 F
and a rated voltage of 5 VDC
˜ Discharge current up to 400 A
˜ Maintenance-free
˜ Series connected
˜ Actively balanced
˜ According to RoHS 2002/95/EC
Typical Applications
Suitable for support, protection or
replacement of batteries in the field of
new traction technologies in
˜ Automotive
˜ Railway technology
˜ Wind power systems
˜ Uninterruptible power systems (UPS)
Construction
Internal construction:
Encapsulation:
Rectangular aluminium case, sealed by
laser welding
Terminations:
Lug terminals
Marking:
Colour: Black. Marking: Gold
136
01.10
D
WIMA SuperCap MR 100-14
Dims. in mm.
Lug terminals for
6.3 mm slip-on
connection.
Rights reserved to amend design data without prior notification.
Double-Layer Capacitor Module
with very High Capacitance in the Farad Range
Special Features Technical Data
NEW
Capacitance: CN 100 F
Part number: SCMRA3B100MC00MV00
Capacitance tolerance: ±20%
Rated voltage: UR 14 V
Rated current: IC 100 A
Pulse current: IP uo to 800 A
Internal resistance: RDC 18 m¸
Max. energy stored: ±20% Emax. 11.5 kJ
Operating temperature: Top 30) C . . . +65) C
Storage temperature: Tst 40) C . . . +70) C
Weight: m 1100 g
Volume: V 0.93 l
Additional Data
Case: Al99.5
Lug terminals: Brass
Number of single cells: - 6 x 600 F
Comparative Data
Capacitance density:
gravimetric Cd 91 F/kg
volumetric CV 108 F/l
Energy density:
gravimetric Ed 2.6 Wh/kg
volumetric EV 3.1 Wh/l
˜ Storage capacitor module with very
high capacitance value of 100 F
and a rated voltage of 14 VDC
˜ Discharge current up to 800 A
˜ Maintenance-free
˜ Series connected
˜ Actively balanced
˜ According to RoHS 2002/95/EC
Typical Applications
Suitable for support, protection or
replacement of batteries in the field of
new traction technologies in
˜ Automotive
˜ Railway technology
˜ Wind power systems
˜ Uninterruptible power systems (UPS)
Construction
Internal construction:
Encapsulation:
Metal case
Terminations:
F6.3 slip-on terminations according to
DIN 46244
Marking:
Colour: Black. Marking: Gold
Capacitance W H L L1
6 x 600 F 58 97 204.5 187.5
137
01.10
D
WIMA SuperCap MR 450-16
Dims. in mm.
Rights reserved to amend design data without prior notification.
Capacitance W H L L1
7 x 3000 F 85 172 323 285
Double-Layer Capacitor Module
with very High Capacitance in the Farad Range
Special Features Technical Data
NEW
Capacitance: CN 450 F
Part number: SCMRA0B450MC00MV00
Capacitance tolerance: ±20%
Rated voltage: UR 16 V
Rated current: IC 800 A
Pulse current: IP uo to 3000 A
Internal resistance: RDC 3.5 m¸
Max. energy stored: ±20% Emax. 70 kJ
Operating temperature: Top 30) C . . . +65) C
Storage temperature: Tst 40) C . . . +70) C
Weight: m 5500 g
Volume: V 4.7 l
Additional Data
Case: Al99.5
Screw terminations: 2 x M8
Number of single cells: - 7 x 3000 F
Comparative Data
Capacitance density:
gravimetric Cd 82 F/kg
volumetric CV 96 F/l
Energy density:
gravimetric Ed 3.1 Wh/kg
volumetric EV 3.6 Wh/l
˜ Storage capacitor module with very
high capacitance value of 450 F
and a rated voltage of 16 VDC
˜ Discharge current up to 3000 A
˜ Maintenance-free
˜ Series connected
˜ Actively balanced
˜ According to RoHS 2002/95/EC
Typical Applications
Suitable for support, protection or
replacement of batteries in the field of
new traction technologies in
˜ Automotive
˜ Railway technology
˜ Wind power systems
˜ Uninterruptible power systems (UPS)
Construction
Internal construction:
Encapsulation:
Metal case
Terminations:
Screw connection M8
Marking:
Colour: Black. Marking: Gold
126
01.10
D
Construction Principle
The construction principle of a Double-
Layer Capacitor can be described as a
plate capacitor where the most important
aim is to obtain electrodes with an extre-
mely large surface. For this purpose activa-
ted carbon is ideally suited, as it allows to
achieve capacitance values of up to 100 F/
g of active mass of the electrode. The elec-
trolyte, the conductive liquid between the
electrodes is a conducting salt dissolved in
an aqueous or organic solvent which per-
mits to apply voltages of 2.5 V.
Construction principle of the WIMA
Double-Layer Capacitor
The actual double-layer consists of ions
which, when voltage is applied, attach
to the positive or negative electrode cor-
responding to their opposite poles and
thus create a dielectric gauge of a few
Angstrom only. This results in a very high
capacitance yield caused by the very huge
surface of the electrode in accordance
with the formula
Surface
C = e
x
Distance
To visualise this, the internal surface of a
Double-Layer Capacitor would cover a
football pitch.
A permeable diaphragm acting as a
separating layer and called separator
avoids short-circuit between the two elec-
trodes and considerably influences the
characteristics of the capacitor. Charge or
discharge of the Double-Layer Capacitor
is combined with the transformation of the
layers in the electrical field and thus with
the movement of the charge carriers in
the solvent - even through the separator
film. This phenomenon represents the main
reason for the limited voltage capability
of 2.5 V only and the steep decrease of
capacitance versus frequency exhibited by
Double-Layer Capacitors.
Cascaded SuperCap Modules
Several SuperCap cells can be built up
to enormous capacitances of the desired
voltage by means of series or parallel
connection (cascade). When cascading
SuperCaps, the voltage of single cells
must not exceed 2.5 V (decomposition of
the electrolyte!) Hence, series connections
need in any case to be balanced since a
possibly slightly different aging of the indi-
vidual cells due to temperature may over
time cause deviating capacitances and
thus different voltage drops at the cell. The
balancing will be factory-mounted into a
module. This can be made passively and
in a cost-efficient way by simple resistors
in those cases where additional losses
as bypass current through the balancing
resistors can be tolerated by the appli-
cation. Alternatively, an active balancing
can be made by keeping each cell at a
certain voltage by means of a reference
source. That means if the comparator
circuit detects a commencing overload of
any cell individual discharge is initiated by
a bypass resistor. Except the leakage cur-
rent of the cells there are no considerable
losses created during active balancing.
Active balancing.
Comparator compares voltage at the
capacitor by a reference voltage and
switches in order to discharge through a
bypassing resistor until overvoltage has
declined.
Operational Life
For physical reasons it is unavoidable that
Double-Layer Capacitors are subjected to
aging which follows the logarithmic depen-
dence of voltage applied and ambient
temperature (Arrhenius behaviour) that can
be observed with other components, too.
However, continuous studies have shown
that WIMA products exhibit a significantly
improved behaviour in terms of life time
being achieved by a laser-welded, herme-
tically sealed construction of the cells in
metal cases which makes penetration from
outside impossible; they cannot dry up and
can withstand a certain thermal expansion
movement. Only by this innovation one can
consider the component being suitable for
long-year maintenance-free application.
Passive balancing.
Without resistors: U reciprocal-effect to C - thus locale overvoltage easily can occur
With resistors: U proportional-effect to R - thus voltage is fixed
Technical Data and Applications of
WIMA Double-Layer Capacitors
01.10
127
D
Technical Data and Applications of
WIMA Double-Layer Capacitors
When properly treated WIMA SuperCaps
have a service life beyond 10 years and
can easily sustain more than 500.000 char-
ge/discharge cycles. The efficiency is far
higher than 90%.
Life time expectancy for WIMA SuperCaps
Advantages in Comparison with
other Energy Storage Solutions
WIMA SuperCaps are showing foIlowing
advantages in comparison with other ener-
gy storage solutions:
Low internal resistance (less than 1/10
of what a usual battery exhibits)
Release of high currents (10 to 100
times more than batteries)
Maintenance-free operation
No risk of damage due to complete
discharge of the component
High life expectancy
Usage in isolated systems, e. g. inac-
cessible areas, is unproblematic
Comparatively low weight
WIMA Double-Layer Capacitors are par-
ticularly suitable in applications where
high and even highest currents - not in
pure AC operation - occur. By combining
the advantage of conventional capacitors
as fast suppliers of electricity with that of
batteries as notable energy reservoirs the
SuperCap represents the link between bat-
tery and conventional capacitor.
Standard SuperCap Battery
Capacitor
Capacitance <1 mF/cm2 1000 000 mF
per Surface (1 F/cm2)
Energy- <0.01 Wh/kg <10 Wh/kg 100 Wh/kg
density
Power- <0.1 kW/kg >1 kW/kg 0.1 kW/kg
density
Application Examples
In general Double-Layer Capacitors are
applied for voltage support, for saving or
for replacing conventional battery or char-
ger solutions. The typical application is the
quick supply of several 100 A to 1000 A in
the direct current field.
Slip Control in Wind Power
In large-scale wind turbine systems, slip
controllers are used to control the rotation
speed by altering the angle of the rotor
blades. The drives are mains-indepen-
dent and if electrically controlled use the
energy stored in batteries or double-layer
capacitors. These storage devices have to
meet stringent requirements. During winter
time the temperatures in the wind tower
top housing often reach around -40° C,
and during summer time they may easily
go up to more than +60° C during operati-
on. The current of 200 A necessary for the
breakaway torque of e. g. a 3 kW motor
presents big problems to batteries due to
the ambient conditions described. Their
short life time and frequently necessary
maintenance renders them unsatisfactory.
However, when properly dimensioned,
modern SuperCap solutions enable a
maintenance-free usage of the electrical
storage device of minimum 10 years.
Start of Micro-Turbines, Fuel Cells or
Diesel-Electric Generator working as
Power Set
For micro-turbines driven with natural gas
for generation of electrical energy on oil
platforms, in part also for gas pumping
stations, in sensible areas like hospitals
and huge factories the use of SuperCap
modules to replace conventional starter
batteries (by experience needing replace-
ment every 2 to 3 years) is the optimum
choice. Usually about 300 kJ of electrical
energy at a system voltage of 240 V are
needed for a turbine start-up time of 10
to 20 s.
When starting special micro-turbines or for
bridging during start of a fuel cell working
as emergency power supply, generally a
few 100 kJ of electrical energy are required
for a system start time of approx. 10 to
20 sec. The stored energy time is approxi-
mately 20 s. Due to the system voltage of
48 V, 22 cells of 1200 F are cascaded in a
module to achieve the setpoint voltage in
order to replace a battery block.
For start-up of generators for energy
supply of autonomous telecommunication
stations which are located decentrally
in a tight network but supplied with fuel
the new double-layer capacitors would
provide a solution. Right now tests are run
with 14 V series connections (70 to 100 F)
which should render a maintenance-free
service. After three starting processes in a
sequence their energy with 300 to 500 A
each flowing (depending on the size of the
motor) is used up. The now running gene-
rator, however, immediately supplies them
with electrical energy again.
Starting huge Railway, Naval or Truck
Motors
The start of V16 or V24 cylinder motors
(6000 kW), e. g. for generator drives of
diesel-electric trains or start of a naval
diesel engine requires considerably high
currents. 1300 A are quite usual which can
be covered by capacitor units of 450 to
600 F at 28 V. Frequently the crankshaft is
turned by two starters on both sides (e. g.
7 kW each with a positive switch off after
9 s for 2 min), in order to avoid torsion
of the huge mass. The low total internal
resistance of less then 3 m¸ which is
beyond reach for batteries the capacitor
solution is outstanding.
Recuperation of Braking Energy
In times of resource shortage of fuel the
highest possible recuperation of braking
energy is a challenging aim. While recup-
eration in electric train drives or in hybrid
busses is already practiced since long, for
non-mains connected vehicles the energy
recuperation to the on-board battery has
only be realized to the extent of few per
cent. The basic reason is the charge cur-
rent limitation of batteries where the recu-
perable energy is obtained at very high
currents in a scope of milliseconds. If for
example 1 ton shall be decelerated from
100 km/h to 0 km/h 400 kJ are released,
for 10 tons it is ten times as much. So far
no suitable high-energy storage devices
were available (guideline values: 500 A
to 1000 A). This is the domain of the new
SuperCaps since in the foreseeable future
even most modern battery systems will not
be in a position to cope with such energy.
138
01.10
D
A WIMA part number consists of 18 digits and is composed as follows:
Field 1 - 4: Type description
Field 5 - 6: Rated voltage
Field 7 - 10: Capacitance
Field 11 - 12: Size and PCM
Field 13 - 14: Special features (e.g. Snubber versions)
Field 15: Capacitance tolerance
Field 16: Packing
Field 17 - 18: Lead length (untaped)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
M K S 2 C 0 3 1 0 0 1 A 0 0 M S S D
MKS 2 63 VDC 0.01 mF 2.5x6.5x7.2 -20%bulk 6 -2
WIMA Part Number System
The data on this page is not complete and serves only to explain the part number system. Part number information is listed on the
pages of the respective WIMA range.
Type description: Rated voltage: Capacitance: Size: Tolerance:
SMD-PET = SMDT 16 VDC = A0 22 pF = 0022 4.8 x 3.3 x 3 Size 1812 = X1 20 % = M
SMD-PEN = SMDN 2.5 VDC = A1 47 pF = 0047 5.7 x 5.1 x 3.5 Size 2220 = Y1 10 % = K
SMD-PPS = SMDI 4 VDC = A2 100 pF = 0100 7.2 x 6.1 x 3 Size 2824 = T1 5 % = J
FKP 02 = FKS0 14 VDC = A3 220 pF = 0220 2.5 x 7 x 4.6 PCM 2.5 = 0B 2.5 % = H
MKS 02 = MKS0 28 VDC = A4 470 pF = 0470 3 x 7.5 x 4.6 PCM 2.5 = 0C 1 % = E
FKS 2 = FKS2 40 VDC = A5 1000 pF = 1100 2.5 x 6.5 x 7.2 PCM 5 = 1A ...
FKM 2 = FKM2 50 VDC = B0 2200 pF = 1220 3 x 7.5 x 7.2 PCM 5 = 1B
FKP 2 = FKP2 63 VDC = C0 4700 pF = 1470 2.5 x 7 x 10 PCM 7.5 = 2A
MKS 2 = MKS2 100 VDC = D0 0.01 mF= 2100 3 x 8.5 x 10 PCM 7.5 = 2B Packing:
MKP 2 = MKP2 160 VDC = E0 0.022 mF= 2220 3 x 9 x 13 PCM 10 = 3A AMMO H16.5 340 x 340 = A
MKI 2 = MKI2 250 VDC = F0 0.047 mF= 2470 4 x 9 x 13 PCM 10 = 3B AMMO H16.5 490 x 370 = B
FKS 3 = FKS3 400 VDC = G0 0.1 mF= 3100 5 x 11 x 18 PCM 15 = 4A AMMO H18.5 340 x 340 = C
FKM 3 = FKM3 630 VDC = J0 0.22 mF= 3220 6 x 12.5 x 18 PCM 15 = 4B AMMO H18.5 490 x 370 = D
FKP 3 = FKP3 800 VDC = L0 0.47 mF= 3470 5 x 14 x 26.5 PCM 22.5 = 5A REEL H16.5 360 = F
MKS 4 = MKS4 850 VDC = M0 1 mF= 4100 6 x 15 x 26.5 PCM 22.5 = 5B REEL H16.5 500 = H
MKM 4 = MKM4 1000 VDC = O1 2.2 mF= 4220 9 x 19 x 31.5 PCM 27.5 = 6A REEL H18.5 360 = I
MKP 4 = MKP4 1200 VDC = Q0 4.7 mF= 4470 11 x21 x 31.5 PCM 27.5 = 6B REEL H18.5 500 = J
MKP 10 = MKP1 1600 VDC = T0 10 mF= 5100 9 x 19 x 41.5 PCM 37.5 = 7A ROLL H16.5 = N
FKP 4 = FKP4 2000 VDC = U0 22 mF= 5220 11 x 22 x 41.5 PCM 37.5 = 7B ROLL H18.5 = O
FKP 1 = FKP1 2500 VDC = V0 47 mF= 5470 94 x 49 x 182 DCH_ = H0 BLISTER W12 180 = P
MKP-X2 = MKX2 4000 VDC = X0 100 mF= 6100 94 x 77 x 182 DCH_ = H1 BLISTER W12 330 = Q
MKP-X2 R = MKXR 6000 VDC = Y0 220 mF= 6220 ... BLISTER W16 330 = R
MKP-Y2 = MKY2 250 VAC = 0W 1 F = A010 BLISTER W24 330 = T
MP 3-X2 = MPX2 275 VAC = 1W 2.5 F = A025 Bulk Mini = M
MP 3-X1 = MPX1 300 VAC = 2W 50 F = A500 Special features: Bulk Standard = S
MP 3-Y2 = MPY2 400 VAC = 3W 100 F = B100 Standard = 00 Bulk Maxi = G
MP 3R-Y2 = MPYR 440 VAC = 4W 600 F = B600 Version A1 = 1A TPS Mini = X
Snubber FKP = SNFP 500 VAC = 5W 1200 F = C120 Version A1.1 = 1B TPS Standard = Y
Snubber MKP = SNMP ... ... ... ...
GTO MKP = GTOM
DC-LINK MKP 4 = DCP4
DC-LINK MKP C = DCPC Lead length (untaped)
DC-LINK HC = DCH_ 3.5 ±0.5 = C9
SuperCap C = SCSC 6 -2 = SD
SuperCap MC = SCMC 16 -1 = P4
SuperCap R = SCSR ...
SuperCap MR = SCMR