PKJ 4000E PI DC/DC converter Input 36-75 Vdc Output up to 40A/100W Key Features * Industry standard Half-brick 58x61x8.5 mm (2.3x2.4x0.33 in) * Low profile, max 8.5 mm (0.33 in) * High efficiency, typ. 93 % at 3.3 Vout half load * 1500 VDC input to output isolation, meets isolation requirements equivalent to Basic Insulation according to IEC/EN/UL 60950 * More than 6 million hours predicted MTBF at 55 C ambient and 1 m/s (200 lfm) airflow Safety Approvals Design for Environment The PKJ 4000E series of high efficiency DC/DC converters are designed to provide high quality on-board power solutions in distributed power architectures used in Internetworking equipment in wireless and wired communications applications. The PKJ 4000E series has industry standard half brick footprint and pin-out and is only 8.5 mm (0.33 in) high. This makes it extremely well suited for narrow board pitch applications with board spacing down to 15 mm (0.6 in). The PKJ 4000E series uses patented synchronous rectification technology and achieves an efficiency up to 89% at full load. Ericsson's PKJ 4000E series addresses the emerging telecom market for applications in the multi- E service network by specifying the input voltage range in accordance with ETSI specifications. Included as standard features are output over-voltage protection, input under-voltage protection, over temperature protection, soft-start, output short circuit protection, remote sense, remote control, and output voltage adjust function. These converters are designed to meet high reliability requirements and are manufactured in highly automated manufacturing lines and meet world-class quality levels. Ericsson Power Modules is an ISO 9001/14001 certified supplier. Datasheet Absolute Maximum Ratings Safety Characteristics min max Unit TPcb Maximum Operating Pcb Temperature -40 +125 C TS Storage temperature -55 +125 C VI Input voltage -0.5 +80 Vdc VISO Isolation voltage (input to output test voltage) 1500 Vdc Vtr Input voltage transient for 100 ms 100 Vdc VRC Negative logic 75 Vdc VRC Positive logic 6 Vdc Vadj Maximum input 2xVoi Vdc -0.5 Note: Stress in excess of Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage. Absolute Maximum Ratings, sometimes referred to as no destruction limits, are normally tested with one parameter at a time exceeding the limits of Output data or Electrical Characteristics. If exposed to stress above these limits, function and performance may degrade in an unspecified manner. Input TPcb <TPcb max unless otherwise specified Characteristics Conditions min typ Unit 75 Vdc VI Input voltage range VIoff Turn-off input voltage Ramping from higher voltage 32 Vdc VIon Turn-on input voltage Ramping from lower voltage 34 Vdc CI Input capacitance 2 F IIac Reflected ripple current 5 Hz to 20 MHz TBD mAp-p PII Input idling power Io= 0, VI = 53 V 2 W VI = 53 V, RC activated 0.25 W PRC Input standby power (turned off with RC) 36 max Environmental Characteristics Characteristics Random Vibration IEC 68-2-34Ed Frequency Spectral density Duration 10 ... 500 Hz 0.07 g2/Hz 10 min each direction Sinusoidal Vibration IEC 68-2-6 Fc Frequency Amplitude Acceleration Number of cycles 10 ... 500 Hz 0.75 mm 10 g 10 in each axis Shock (half sinus) IEC 68-2-27 Ea Peak acceleration Duration 100 g 6 ms Temperature change IEC 68-2-14 Na Temperature Number of cycles -40 ... +100 C 300 Heat/Humidity IEC 68-2-3 Ca Temperature Humidity Duration +85 C 85 % RH 1000 hours Solder heat stability IEC 68-2-20 1A Temperature, solder Duration 260 C 10 ...13 s Resistance to cleaning solvents IEC 68-2-45 XA Method 2 Water Isopropyl alcohol Glycol ether +55 5 C +35 5 C +35 5 C Cold (in operation) IEC 68-2-1 Ad Temperature Duration -45 C 2h Storage test IEC 68-2-2 Ba Temperature Duration +125 C 1000 h The PKJ 4000 E series DC/DC converters are designed in accordance with safety standards IEC/EN/UL 60 950, Safety of Information Technology Equipment. The PKJ 4000 E series DC/DC converters are UL 60 950 recognized and certified in accordance with EN 60 950. The DC/DC converter should be installed in the end-use equipment, in accordance with the requirements of the ultimate application. The input source must be isolated by minimum Basic insulation from the primary circuit in accordance with IEC/EN/UL 60 950. If the input voltage to the DC/DC converter is 75 V dc or less, then the output remains SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) under normal and abnormal operating conditions. Single fault testing in the input power supply circuit should be performed with the DC/DC converter connected to demonstrate that the input voltage does not exceed 75 V dc. If the input power source circuit is a DC power system, the source may be treated as a TNV2 circuit and testing has demonstrated compliance with SELV limits and isolation requirements equivalent to Basic insulation in accordance with IEC/EN/UL 60 950. It is recommended that a fast blow fuse with a rating of 10A be used at the input of each DC/DC converter. The PKJ series DC/DC converters are approved for a maximum fuse rating of 15A. If a fault occurs in the converter that imposes a short circuit on the input source, this fuse will provide the following functions: * Isolate the faulty DC/DC converter from the input power source not to affect the operation of other parts of the system. * Protect the distribution wiring from excessive current and power loss thus preventing hazardous overheating. The galvanic isolation is verified in an electric strength test. The test voltage (VISO) between input and output is 1500 Vdc for 60 seconds. Leakage current is less than 1uA at nominal input voltage. The flammability rating for all construction parts of the DC/DC converter meets UL 94V-0. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 Connections Mechanical Data M ounti ng hol es O3.00 [.12](4x) Bottom vi ew Pin Designation Function 1 - In Negative Input 2 5 8.50 [.33] 1.80 [.07] 5.10 [.20] RC Remote Control 6 4 + In Positive Input 5 - Out Negative Output 8 6 - Sen Negative Remote Sense 7 Vadj Output voltage adjust 8 + Sen Positive Remote Sense 9 + Out Positive Output 30.70 [1.21] 4 No pin 3 7 9 For more information about the functions see Operating Information 4.80 [.19] 53.10 [2.09] 57.90 [2.28] Fundamental Circuit Diagram Di m ensi onsi n m m [i n.] 5.70 [.22] 23.08 [.91] 3 12.92 [.51] 48.48 [1.91] 38.32 [1.51] 2 55.90 [2.20] 61.00 [2.40] 1 Primary Secondary Choke 4 Resistor Capacitor Com p. X 9 1.83 [.07] 3.17 [.13] 1.02 [.04] 2.03 [.08] 3 Control 5 X = 3.60 [.14]or5.30 [.21]dependi ng on choi ce ofpi nl ength Control 1 Recom m ended Footpri nt(Com ponentsi de) Isolated Feedback O2.43 [.096](2x) 7 8 6 30.70 [1.21] 23.08 [.91] 12.92 [.51] 48.48 [1.91] Weight 38.32 [1.51] 61.00 [2.40] O1.42 [.056](7x) PKJ 4810E PI 35 g Pins Material: Brass Alloy Plating: 0.1 m Gold over Nickel 4.80 [.19] 53.10 [2.09] 57.90 [2.28] 5IFEJTUBODFCFUXFFOUIFIJHIFTUDPNQPOFOUJOUIF %$%$DPOWFSUFSBOEUIF1$#JTNN<> PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4618HE PI Output TPcb = -30...+90C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified. Characteristics Conditions Output Unit min typ max 1.50 1.515 V Output voltage initial setting and accuracy TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 1.485 Output adjust range IO = IOmax 1.35 1.65 V Output voltage tolerance band IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax 1.465 1.535 V Idling voltage IO = 0 1.465 1.535 V Line regulation IO = IOmax 5 mV Load regulation VI = 53 V, IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax 5 mV Vtr Load transient voltage deviation IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 V Load step = 0.5 x IOmax di/dt = 1A/s 150 mV ttr Load transient recovery time IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 loadstep = 0.5x IOmax 100 s tr Ramp-up time IO = 0.1...0.9 x VO 15 30 ms ts Start-up time From VI connected to VO = 0.9 x VOI 20 40 ms IO Output current 40 A POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 46 A Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 C 50 A VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IO = IOmax 150 SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vp-p , VI = 53 V 65 OVP Over voltage protection VI = 53 V VOi VO 0 60 W 1.7 200 mVp-p dB 2.2 V max Unit Miscellaneous Characteristics Conditions min typ Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 88.5 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = IOmax 85 % Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 88.5 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 85 % Pd Power Dissipation TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 11 W fs Switching frequency IO = 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 140 kHz IImax Maximum input current 1.1 x VOi x IOmax / / VImin 2.2 A 83 PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4618HE PI Typical Characteristics Output Current Derating Efficiency <> <"> 7 7 7 7 NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN /BU$POW <"> Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 C Power Dissipation <8> <$8> 7 7 7 7 <$> Thermal Resistance Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. <"> Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 C <NT> Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter. Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. Output Characteristic <7> <"> Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4618HE PI Typical Characteristics Start-Up Start-up at Io=40A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace: input voltage (10 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (0.50 V/div.). Time scale: 10 ms/div. Output Ripple Output voltage ripple (100mV/div.) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V, Io=40A resistive load with C=10 F tantalum and 0.1 F ceramic capacitors. Band width=20MHz. Time scale: 2s / div. Output Voltage Adjust The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by using the following equations: Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase: Radj= [1.5(100+%) / 1.225%- (100+2%) /% ] kOhm Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease: Radj= [(100 / %-2) ] kOhm Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 1.56 Vdc 1.5 (100+4)/1.225x4-100+2x4/4=4.84 kOhm Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 1.47 Vdc 100/2-2=48.0 kOhm Turn-Off Turn-off at Io=10A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Output voltage (0.50 V/div.). Time scale: 50 ms/div. Transient Output voltage response to load current step-change (10-30-10 A) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Top trace: output voltage (200mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div. Output Voltage Adjust [kOhm ] 100000 10000 1000 Decrease Increase 100 10 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 [% ] Output voltage adjust resistor value vs. percentage change in output voltage. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4618GE PI Output TPcb = -30...+90C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified. Characteristics Conditions Output Unit min typ max 1.80 1.818 V Output voltage initial setting and accuracy TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 1.782 Output adjust range IO = IOmax 1.62 1.98 V Output voltage tolerance band IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax 1.758 1.842 V Idling voltage IO = 0 1.758 1.842 V Line regulation IO = IOmax 5 mV Load regulation VI = 53 V, IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax 5 mV Vtr Load transient voltage deviation IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 V Load step = 0.5 x IOmax di/dt = 1A/s 150 mV ttr Load transient recovery time IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 loadstep = 0.5x IOmax 100 s tr Ramp-up time IO = 0.1...0.9 x VO 15 30 ms ts Start-up time From VI connected to VO = 0.9 x VOI 20 40 ms IO Output current 36 A POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 43 A Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 C 47 A VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IO = IOmax 150 SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vp-p , VI = 53 V 65 OVP Over voltage protection VI = 53 V VOi VO 0 65 W 2.0 200 mVp-p dB 3.0 V max Unit Miscellaneous Characteristics Conditions min typ Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 90.5 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = IOmax 87.5 % Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 90 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 87.5 % Pd Power Dissipation TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 9 W fs Switching frequency IO = 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 140 kHz IImax Maximum input current 1.1 x VOi x IOmax / / VImin 2.3 A PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 85.5 PKJ 4618GE PI Typical Characteristics Output Current Derating Efficiency <> <"> 7 7 7 7 NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN /BU$POW <"> Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 C Power Dissipation <8> <$8> 7 7 7 7 <$> Thermal Resistance Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. <"> Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 C <NT> Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter. Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. Output Characteristic <7> <"> Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4618GE PI Typical Characteristics Start-Up Start-up at Io=36A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace: input voltage (10 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (0.50 V/div.). Time scale: 10 ms/div. Output Ripple Output voltage ripple (100mV/div.) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V, Io=36A resistive load with C=10 F tantalum and 0.1 F ceramic capacitors. Band width=20MHz. Time scale: 2s / div. Output Voltage Adjust The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by using the following equations: Turn-Off Turn-off at Io=10A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Output voltage (0.50 V/div.). Time scale: 50 ms/div. Transient Output voltage response to load current step-change (9-27-9 A) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Top trace: output voltage (200mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div. Output Voltage Adjust [kOhm ] Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase: Radj= [1.8(100+%) / 1.225%- (100+2%) /% ] kOhm Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease: Radj= [(100 / %-2) ] kOhm Decrease Increase Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 1.87 Vdc 1.8 (100+4)/1.225x4-100+2x4/4=11.2 kOhm Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 1.76 Vdc 100/2-2=48.0 kOhm PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 [% ] Output voltage adjust resistor value vs. percentage change in output voltage. PKJ 4719E PI Output TPcb = -30...+90C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified. Characteristics Conditions Output Unit min typ max 2.50 2.525 V Output voltage initial setting and accuracy TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 2.475 Output adjust range IO = IOmax 2.00 2.75 V Output voltage tolerance band IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax 2.44 2.56 V Idling voltage IO = 0 2.44 2.56 V Line regulation IO = IOmax 5 mV Load regulation VI = 53 V, IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax 5 mV Vtr Load transient voltage deviation IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 V Load step = 0.5 x IOmax di/dt = 1A/s 200 mV ttr Load transient recovery time IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 loadstep = 0.5x IOmax 100 s tr Ramp-up time IO = 0.1...0.9 x VO 15 30 ms ts Start-up time From VI connected to VO = 0.9 x VOI 20 40 ms IO Output current 30 A POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 32 A Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 C 40 A VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IO = IOmax 150 SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vp-p , VI = 53 V 70 OVP Over voltage protection VI = 53 V VOi VO 0 75 W 3.0 200 mVp-p dB 4.0 V max Unit Miscellaneous Characteristics Conditions min typ Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 90.5 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = IOmax 87 % Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 90 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 86.5 % Pd Power Dissipation TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 12 W fs Switching frequency IO = 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 140 kHz IImax Maximum input current 1.1 x VOi x IOmax / / VImin 2.6 A 10 85.5 PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4719E PI Typical Characteristics Output Current Derating Efficiency <> <"> NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN /BU$POW 7 7 7 7 <"> Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 C Power Dissipation <8> <$8> 7 7 7 7 <$> Thermal Resistance Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. <"> Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 C <NT> Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter. Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. Output Characteristic <7> <"> Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 11 PKJ 4719E PI Typical Characteristics Start-Up Start-up at Io=30A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace: input voltage (10 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.). Time scale: 5 ms/div. Output Ripple Output voltage ripple (100mV/div.) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V, Io=30A resistive load with C=10 F tantalum and 0.1 F ceramic capacitors. Band width=20MHz. Time scale: 2s / div. Output Voltage Adjust The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by using the following equations: Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase: Radj= [2.5(100+%) / 1.225%- (100+2%) /% ] kOhm Turn-Off Turn-off at Io=30A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Top trace: output voltage (1 V/div.). Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.). Time scale: 10 ms/div. Transient Output voltage response to load current step-change (7.5-22.5-7.5 A) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Top trace: output voltage (200mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (5 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div. Output Voltage Adjust [kOhm] 100000 10000 1000 Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease: Radj= [(100 / %-2) ] kOhm Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 2.600 Vdc 2.5 (100+4)/1.225x4-100+2x4/4=26.06 kOhm Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 2.450 Vdc 100/2-2=48.0 kOhm 12 Decrease Increase 100 10 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 [%] Output voltage adjust resistor value vs. percentage change in output voltage. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4810E PI Output TPcb = -30...+90C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified. Characteristics Conditions Output Unit min typ max 3.30 3.34 V Output voltage initial setting and accuracy TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 3.26 Output adjust range IO = IOmax 2.64 3.63 V Output voltage tolerance band IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax 3.24 3.36 V Idling voltage IO = 0 3.24 3.36 V Line regulation IO = IOmax 5 mV Load regulation VI = 53 V, IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax 5 mV Vtr Load transient voltage deviation IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 V Load step = 0.5 x IOmax di/dt = 1A/s 300 mV ttr Load transient recovery time IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 loadstep = 0.5x IOmax 100 s tr Ramp-up time IO = 0.1...0.9 x VO 15 30 ms ts Start-up time From VI connected to VO = 0.9 x VOI 20 40 ms IO Output current 25 A POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 29 A Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 C 33 A VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IO = IOmax 120 SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vp-p , VI = 53 V 80 OVP Over voltage protection VI = 53 V VOi VO 0 82.5 W 150 mVp-p dB 3.9 4.4 5.0 V min typ max Unit Miscellaneous Characteristics Conditions Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax TBD % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = IOmax TBD % Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 93 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 89 % Pd Power Dissipation TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 10 W fs Switching frequency IO = 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 140 kHz IImax Maximum input current 1.1 x VOi x IOmax / / VImin 2.8 A PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 87 13 PKJ 4810E PI Typical Characteristics Efficiency Output Current Derating <> <"> NT MGN NT MGN 7 7 7 7 NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN /BU$POW <"> Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 C Power Dissipation <$> Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. Thermal Resistance <$8> <8> 7 7 7 7 <"> Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 C <NT> Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter. Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. Output Characteristic [V] 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 0 5 10 15 20 25 [A] Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. 14 PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4810E PI Typical Characteristics Start-Up Start-up at Io=25A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace: input voltage (10 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.). Time scale: 5 ms/div. Output Ripple Output voltage ripple (100mV/div.) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V, Io=25A resistive load with C=10 F tantalum and 0.1 F ceramic capacitors. Band width=20MHz. Time scale: 2s / div. Output Voltage Adjust The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by using the following equations: Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase: Radj= [3.3(100+%) / 1.225%- (100+2%) /% ] kOhm Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease: Radj= [(100 / %-2) ] kOhm Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 3.432 Vdc 3.3 (100+4)/1.225x4-100+2x4/4=43.04 kOhm Turn-Off Turn-off at Io=25A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Top trace: output voltage (1 V/div.). Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.). Time scale: 10 ms/div. Transient Output voltage response to load current step-change (6.25-18.75-6.25 A) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Top trace: output voltage (200mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (5 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div. Output Voltage Adjust [kOhm] 100000 10000 1000 Decrease Increase 100 10 1 Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 3.234 Vdc 100/2-2=48.00 kOhm PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 [%] Output voltage adjust resistor value vs. percentage change in output voltage. 15 PKJ 4111E PI Output TPcb = -30...+90C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified. Characteristics Conditions Output Unit min typ max 5.00 5.04 V Output voltage initial setting and accuracy TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 4.96 Output adjust range IO = IOmax 4.00 5.50 V Output voltage tolerance band IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax 4.94 5.06 V Idling voltage IO = 0 4.94 5.06 V Line regulation IO = IOmax 5 mV Load regulation VI = 53 V, IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax 5 mV Vtr Load transient voltage deviation IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 V Load step = 0.5 x IOmax di/dt = 1A/s 300 mV ttr Load transient recovery time IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 loadstep = 0.5x IOmax 100 s tr Ramp-up time IO = 0.1...0.9 x VO 15 30 ms ts Start-up time From VI connected to VO = 0.9 x VOI 20 40 ms IO Output current 20 A POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 23 A Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 C 27 A VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IO = IOmax 110 SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vp-p , VI = 53 V 70 OVP Over voltage protection VI = 53 V VOi VO 0 100 W 6.0 150 mVp-p dB 7.5 V max Unit Miscellaneous Characteristics Conditions min typ Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 92.5 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = IOmax 90 % Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 92 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 89 % Pd Power Dissipation TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 12 W fs Switching frequency IO = 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 140 kHz IImax Maximum input current 1.1 x VOi x IOmax / / VImin 3.4 A 16 87 PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4111E PI Typical Characteristics Output Current Derating Efficiency <> <"> NT MGN NT MGN 7 7 7 7 NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN /BU$POW <"> Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at Tpcb=+25 C Power Dissipation <8> <$8> 7 7 7 7 <$> Thermal Resistance Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. <"> Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 C <NT> Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter. Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. Output Characteristic [V] 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 0 5 10 15 20 [A] Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 17 PKJ 4111E PI Typical Characteristics Start-Up Start-up at Io=20A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace: input voltage (10 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.). Time scale: 5 ms/div. Output Ripple Output voltage ripple (100mV/div.) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V, Io=20A resistive load with C=10 F tantalum and 0.1 F ceramic capacitors. Band width=20MHz. Time scale: 2s / div. Output Voltage Adjust The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by using the following equations: Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase: Radj= [5.0(100+%) / 1.225%- (100+2%) /% ] kOhm Turn-Off Turn-off at Io=25A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Top trace: output voltage (2 V/div.). Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.). Time scale: 10 ms/div. Transient Output voltage response to load current step-change (5.0-15-5.0 A) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Top trace: output voltage (200mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (5 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div. Output Voltage Adjust [kOhm] 100000 10000 1000 Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease: Radj= [(100 / %-2) ] kOhm Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 5.200 Vdc 5.0 (100+4)/1.225x4-100+2x4/4=79.12 kOhm Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 4.900 Vdc 100/2-2=48.00 kOhm 18 Decrease Increase 100 10 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 [%] Output voltage adjust resistor value vs. percentage change in output voltage. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4113E PI Output TPcb = -30...+90C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified. Characteristics Conditions Output Unit min typ max 12.0 12.12 V Output voltage initial setting and accuracy TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 11.88 Output adjust range IO = IOmax 9.60 13.20 V Output voltage tolerance band IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax 11.82 12.18 V Idling voltage IO = 0 11.82 12.18 V Line regulation IO = IOmax 10 mV Load regulation VI = 53 V, IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax 10 mV Vtr Load transient voltage deviation IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 V Load step = 0.5 x IOmax di/dt = 1A/s 400 mV ttr Load transient recovery time IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 loadstep = 0.5x IOmax 100 s tr Ramp-up time IO = 0.1...0.9 x VO 15 30 ms ts Start-up time From VI connected to VO = 0.9 x VOI 20 40 ms IO Output current 8.33 A POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 9.5 A Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 C 11.5 A VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IO = IOmax 100 SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vp-p , VI = 53 V 60 OVP Over voltage protection VI = 53 V VOi VO 0 100 W 16 150 mVp-p dB 18 V max Unit Miscellaneous Characteristics Conditions min typ Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax TBD % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = IOmax TBD % Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 92.5 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 90 % Pd Power Dissipation TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 11.2 W fs Switching frequency IO = 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 220 kHz IImax Maximum input current 1.1 x VOi x IOmax / / VImin 3.4 A PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 88 19 PKJ 4113E PI Typical Characteristics Output Current Derating Efficiency [%] <"> 95 90 NT MGN NT MGN 85 36 V 48 V 53 V 75 V 80 75 70 0 1 2 3 NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN /BU$POW 4 5 6 7 8 9 [A] Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at Tpcb=+25 C <$> Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. Thermal Resistance Power Dissipation <$8> <8> 7 7 7 7 <"> Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 C <NT> Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter. Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. Output Characteristic [V] 12.2 12.1 12.0 11.9 11.8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 [A] Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. 20 PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4113E PI Typical Characteristics Start-Up Start-up at Io=8.33A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace: input voltage (10 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (5 V/div.). Time scale: 5 ms/div. Output Ripple Output voltage ripple (100mV/div.) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V, Io=8.33A resistive load with C=10 F tantalum and 0.1 F ceramic capacitors. Band width=20MHz. Time scale: 1s / div. Output Voltage Adjust The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by using the following equations: Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase: Radj= [12(100+%) / 1.225%- (100+2%) /% ] kOhm Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease: Radj= [(100 / %-2) ] kOhm Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 12.48 Vdc 12 (100+4)/1.225x4-100+2x4/4=228 kOhm Turn-Off Turn-off at Io=8.33A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Top trace: output voltage (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.). Time scale: 10 ms/div. Transient Output voltage response to load current step-change (2.0-6.2-2.0 A) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Top trace: output voltage (200mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (2 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div. Output Voltage Adjust [kOhm] 100000 10000 1000 Decrease Increase 100 10 1 Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 11.76 Vdc 100/2-2=48.00 kOhm PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 [%] Output voltage adjust resistor value vs. percentage change in output voltage. 21 PKJ 4115E PI Output TPcb = -30...+90C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified. Characteristics Conditions Output Unit min typ max 15.0 15.15 V Output voltage initial setting and accuracy TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 14.85 Output adjust range IO = IOmax 12.0 16.5 V Output voltage tolerance band IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax 14.77 15.23 V Idling voltage IO = 0 14.77 15.23 V Line regulation IO = IOmax 10 mV Load regulation VI = 53 V, IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax 10 mV Vtr Load transient voltage deviation IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 V Load step = 0.5 x IOmax di/dt = 1A/s 350 mV ttr Load transient recovery time IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 loadstep = 0.5x IOmax 100 s tr Ramp-up time IO = 0.1...0.9 x VO 15 30 ms ts Start-up time From VI connected to VO = 0.9 x VOI 20 40 ms IO Output current 6.67 A POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 7.5 A Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 C 10.5 A VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IO = IOmax 110 SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vp-p , VI = 53 V 65 OVP Over voltage protection VI = 53 V VOi VO 0 100 W 21 150 mVp-p dB 23 V max Unit Miscellaneous Characteristics Conditions min typ Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 91.0 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 48 V, IO = IOmax 91.6 % Efficiency - 50% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 90.2 % Efficiency - 100% load TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 91.2 % Pd Power Dissipation TPcb = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 9.5 W fs Switching frequency IO = 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 220 kHz IImax Maximum input current 1.1 x VOi x IOmax / / VImin 3.3 A 22 89 PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 PKJ 4115E PI Typical Characteristics Efficiency Output Current Derating <> <"> NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN NT MGN /BU$POW 7 7 7 7 <"> Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at Tpcb=+25 C Power Dissipation <$> Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. Thermal Resistance <$8> <8> 7 7 7 7 <"> Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 C <NT> Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter. Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section. Output Characteristic <7> <"> Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 23 PKJ 4115E PI Typical Characteristics Start-Up Start-up at Io=6.67A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace: input voltage (10 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (5 V/div.). Time scale: 5 ms/div. Output Ripple Output voltage ripple (50mV/div.) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V, Io=6.67A resistive load with C=10 F tantalum and 0.1 F ceramic capacitors. Band width=20MHz. Time scale: 1s / div. Output Voltage Adjust The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by using the following equations: Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase: Radj= [15(100+%) / 1.225%- (100+2%) /% ] kOhm Turn-Off Turn-off at Io=6.67A resistive load at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Top trace: output voltage (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.). Time scale: 10 ms/div. Transient Output voltage response to load current step-change (1.7-5.0-1.7 A) at TPcb=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Top trace: output voltage (200mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (2 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div. Output Voltage Adjust [kOhm] 100000 10000 1000 Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease: Radj= [(100 / %-2) ] kOhm Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 15.60 Vdc 15 (100+4)/1.225x4-100+2x4/4=291 kOhm Decrease Increase 100 10 1 Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 14.70 Vdc 100/2-2=48.00 kOhm 24 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 [%] Output voltage adjust resistor value vs. percentage change in output voltage. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 EMC Specification The conducted EMI measurement was performed using a module placed directly on the test bench. The fundamental switching frequency is 140kHz for PKJ 4810E PI @ VI = 53V, IO = (0.1...1.0) x IOmax. Conducted EMI Input terminal value (typ) Printed Circuit Board 5H 50 + in LISN 50 ohm temination Power Module out rcvr DC Power Source Filter (if used) - in 5H 50 out LISN 1 m Twisted Pair rcvr Resistive Load Optional Connection to Earth Ground 50 ohm input EMC Reciver Computer Test set-up. Layout Recommendation PKJ 4810E PI without filter. External filter (class B) Required external input filter in order to meet class B in EN 55022, CISPR 22 and FCC part 15J. C5 C1 C2 C3 C4 C6 The radiated EMI performance of the DC/DC converter will be optimised by including a ground plane in the PCB area under the DC/DC converter. This approach will return switching noise to ground as directly as possible, with improvements to both emissions and susceptibility. If one ground trace is used, it should be connected to the input return. Alternatively, two ground traces may be used, with the trace under the input side of the DC/DC converter connected to the input return and the trace under the output side of the DC/DC converter connected to the output return. Make sure to use appropriate safety isolation spacing between these two return traces. The use of two traces as described will provide the capability of routing the input noise and output noise back to their respective returns. C7 C1,2,6: 0.68uF C3,7: 47uF C4,5: 3.9nF L1: Common mode inductor on 768 uH (Pulse PO 422) L2: DC choke: 15uH Output ripple and noise The circuit below has been used for the ripple and noise measurements on the PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters. The capacitors are ceramic type. Low ESR is critical for achieveing these results. Ceramic Capacitor Tantalum Capacitor +Vout +Sense Trim 0.1uF + 10uF Load -Sense -Vout BNC Connector to Scope * Conductor from Vout to capacitors = 50mm [1.97in] Output ripple and noise test setup PKJ 4810E PI with filter. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 25 Operating Information Input Voltage Remote Sense The input voltage range 36...75Vdc meets the requirements of the European Telecom Standard ETS 300 132-2 for normal input voltage range in -48V and -60V DC systems, -40.5...-57.0V and -50.0...-72V respectively. At input voltages exceeding 75V, the power loss will be higher than at normal input voltage and TPcb must be limited to absolute max +125C. The absolute maximum continuous input voltage is 80Vdc. All PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters have remote sense that can be used to compensate for moderate amounts of resistance in the distribution system and allow for voltage regulation at the load or other selected point. The remote sense lines will carry very little current and do not need a large cross sectional area. However, the sense lines on the PCB should be located close to a ground trace or ground plane. In a discrete wiring situation, the use of twisted pair wires or other technique to reduce noise susceptibility is highly recommended. The remote sense circuitry will compensate for up to 10% voltage drop between the sense voltage and the voltage at the output pins. The output voltage and the remote sense voltage offset must be less than the minimum over voltage trip point. If the remote sense is not needed the -Sense should be connected to -Out and +Sense should be connected to +Out. Turn-Off Input Voltage The PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters monitor the input voltage and will turn on and turn off at predetermined levels. The minimum hysteresis between turn on and turn off input voltage is 1V where the turn on input voltage is the highest. Remote Control (RC) The PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters have a remote control +In function referenced to the primary RC side (- In), with negative and positive logic options available. The RC -In function allows the converter to be turned on/off by an external device Circuit configuration like a semiconductor or mechanical for RC function switch. The RC pin has an internal pull up resistor to + In. The needed maximum sink current is 1mA. When the RC pin is left open, the voltage generated on the RC pin is 3.5-6.0V. The maximum allowable leakage current of the switch is 50A. The standard converter is provided with "negative logic" remote control and the converter will be off until the RC pin is connected to the - In. To turn on the converter the voltage between RC pin and - In should be less than 1V. To turn off the converter the RC pin should be left open, or connected to a voltage higher than 4V referenced to - In. In situations where it is desired to have the converter to power up automatically without the need for control signals or a switch, the RC pin can be wired directly to - In. The second option is "positive logic" remote control, which can be ordered by adding the suffix "P" to the end of the part number. The converter will turn on when the input voltage is applied with the RC pin open. Turn off is achieved by connecting the RC pin to the - In. To ensure safe turn off the voltage difference between RC pin and the - In pin shall be less than 1V. The converter will restart automatically when this connection is opened. Output Voltage Adjust (Vadj) All PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters have an Output Voltage adjust pin (Vadj). This pin can be used to adjust the output voltage above or below Output voltage initial setting. When increasing the output voltage, the voltage at the output pins (including any remote sense offset) must be kept below the overvoltage trip point, to prevent the converter from shut down. Also note that at increased output voltages the maximum power rating of the converter remains the same, and the output current capability will decrease correspondingly. To decrease the output voltage the resistor should be connected between Vadj pin and -Sense pin. To increase the voltage the resistor should be connected between Vadj pin and +Sense pin. The resistor value of the Output voltage adjust function is according to information given under the output section. +Out +Out +Sense +Sense Load Vadj Radj Load Vadj Radj -Sense -Sense -Out -Out Decrease Increase Circuit configuration for output voltage adjust 26 PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 Operating Information Current Limit Protection Maximum Capacitive Load The PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters include current limiting circuitry that allows them to withstand continuous overloads or short circuit conditions on the output. The output voltage will decrease towards zero for output currents in excess of max output current (Iomax). The converter will resume normal operation after removal of the overload. The load distribution system should be designed to carry the maximum output short circuit current specified. When powering loads with significant dynamic current requirements, the voltage regulation at the load can be improved by addition of decoupling capacitance at the load. The most affective technique is to locate low ESR ceramic capacitors as close to the load as possible, using several capacitors to lower the effective ESR. These ceramic capacitors will handle short duration high-frequency components of dynamic load changes. In addition, higher values of electrolytic capacitors should be used to handle the mid-frequency components. It is equally important to use good design practise when configuring the DC distribution system. Low resistance and low inductance PCB (printed circuit board) layouts and cabling should be used. Remember that when using remote sensing, all resistance, inductance and capacitance of the distribution system is within the feedback loop of the converter. This can affect on the converters compensation and the resulting stability and dynamic response performance. As a "rule of thumb", 100 F/A of output current can be used without any additional analysis. For example with a 25A converter, values of decoupling capacitance up to 2500 F can be used without regard to stability. With larger values of capacitance, the load transient recovery time can exceed the specified value. As much of the capacitance as possible should be outside the remote sensing loop and close to the load. The absolute maximum value of output capacitance is 10 000 F. For values larger than this, please contact your local Ericsson Power Modules representative. Over Voltage Protection (OVP) The PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters have latching output overvoltage protection. In the event of an overvoltage condition, the converter will shut down immediately. The converter can be restarted by cycling the input voltage or using the remote control function. Over Temperature Protection (OTP) The PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters are protected from thermal overload by an internal over temperature shutdown circuit. When the PCB temperature (centre of PCB ) exceeds 135 C the converter will shut down immediately (latching). The converter can be restarted by cycling the input voltage or using the remote control function. Input And Output Impedance The impedance of both the power source and the load will interact with the impedance of the DC/DC converter. It is most important to have a ratio between L and C as low as possible, i.e. a low characteristic impedance, both at the input and output, as the converters have a low energy storage capability. The PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters have been designed to be completely stable without the need for external capacitors on the input or the output circuits. The performance in some applications can be enhanced by addition of external capacitance as described under maximum capacitive load. If the distribution of the input voltage source to the converter contains significant inductance, the addition of a 100F capacitor across the input of the converter will help insure stability. This capacitor is not required when powering the DC/DC converter from a low impedance source with short, low inductance, input power leads. PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 Parallel Operation The PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters can be paralleled for redundancy if external "O"-ring diodes are used in series with the outputs. It is not recommended to parallel the PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters for increased power without using external current sharing circuits. 27 Thermal Consideration General Calculation of ambient temperature The PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters are designed to operate in a variety of thermal environments, however sufficient cooling should be provided to help ensure reliable operation. Heat is removed by conduction, convection and radiation to the surrounding environment. Increased airflow enhances the heat transfer via convection. The available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V for each model is according to the information given under the output section. The test is done in a wind tunnel with a cross section of 305x305mm, the DC/DC converter vertically mounted on a 8 layer PCB with a size of 254x254mm. Each layer with 35 m (1oz) copper. Proper cooling can be verified by measuring the temperature of selected devices. Peak temperature can occur at position P1 and P2. The temperature at these positions should not exceed the recommended max values. By using the thermal resistance the maximum allowed ambient temperature can be calculated. 1. The powerloss is calculated by using the formula ((1/) - 1) x output power = power losses. = efficiency of converter. E.g 89% = 0.89 2. Find the value of the thermal resistance for each product in the diagram by using the airflow speed at the output section of the converter. Take the thermal resistance x powerloss to get the temperature increase. 3. Max allowed calculated ambient temperature is: Max TPCB of DC/DC converter - temperature increase. E.g PKJ 4810E PI at 1m/s: 1 A. (( ) - 1) x 82.5W = 10.2W 0.89 B. 10.2W x 5.1C/W = 52C Position Device Recommended Max Value P1 FR4 PWB Tsurface 125C P2 Transformer Tcore 125C P1 28 Tcritical Airflow C.125C - 52C = max ambient temperature is 73C The real temperature will be dependent on several factors, like PCB size and type, direction of airflow, air turbulence etc. It is recommended to verify the temperature by testing. P2 Airflow PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 Miscellaneous Quality Soldering Information Reliability The PKJ 4000E Series DC/DC converters are intended for through hole mounting on a PCB. When wave soldering is used max temperature on the pins are specified to 215C for 10 seconds. Maximum preheat rate of 4C/s is suggested. When hand soldering is used a thermocouple needs to be mounted on the DC/DC converter pins to verify that pin temperatures does not exceed 215C for longer time than 10 seconds with the used soldering tools. The Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) of the PKJ 4000E series DC/DC converter family is calculated to be greater than (>) 7.6 million hours at full output power and a PCB temperature of +110C using the Ericsson failure rate data system (TILDA/Preditool). The Ericsson failure rate data system is based on field failure rates and is continuously updated. The data corresponds to actual failure rates of components used in Information Technology and Telecom equipment in temperature controlled environments (TA= -5...+65C). The data is considered to have a confidence level of 90%. For more information please refer to Design Note 002. No-clean flux is recommended to avoid entrapment of cleaning fluids in cavities inside of the DC/DC power module. The residues may affect long time reliability and isolation voltage. Quality Statement Delivery Package Information PKJ 4000E series standard delivery package is a 50 pcs box (One box contains 5 full trays and 1 empty hold down tray). Tray Specification Material: Max surface resistance: Color: Capacity: Loaded tray stacking pitch: Weight: Polystyrene (PS) 10 MOhm/sq Black 10 pcs/tray 15.3 mm 133 g The PKJ 4000E series DC/DC converters are designed and manufactured in an industrial environment where quality systems and methods like ISO 9000, 6 (sigma), and SPC are intensively in use to boost the continuous improvements strategy. Infant mortality or early failures in the products are screened out and they are subjected to an ATE-based final test. Conservative design rules, design reviews and product qualifications, plus the high competence of an engaged work force, contribute to the high quality of our products. Warranty Compatibility with RoHS requirements The products are compatible with the relevant clauses and requirements of the RoHS directive 2002/95/EC and have a maximum concentration value of 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials for lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB and PBDE and of 0.01% by weight in homogeneous materials for cadmium. Exemptions in the RoHS directive utilized in Ericsson Power Modules products include: - Lead in high melting temperature type solder (used to solder the die in semiconductor packages) - Lead in glass of electronics components and in electronic ceramic parts (e.g. fill material in chip resistors) - Lead as an alloying element in copper alloy containing up to 4% lead by weight (used in connection pins made of Brass) PKJ 4000E PI EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, June 2007 Warranty period and conditions are defined in Ericsson Power Modules General Terms and Conditions of Sale. Limitation of Liability Ericsson Power Modules does not make any other warranties, expressed or implied including any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose (including, but not limited to, use in life support applications, where malfunctions of product can cause injury to a person's health or life). 29 Product Program VI VO/IO max PO max Output 1 Ordering No. 48/60 1.5 V/40 A 60 W PKJ 4618HE PI 48/60 1.8 V/36 A 65 W PKJ 4618GE PI 48/60 2.5 V/30 A 75.5 W PKJ 4719E PI 48/60 3.3 V/25 A 82.5 W PKJ 4810E PI 48/60 3.3 V/30 A 100 W PKJ 4110E PI 48/60 5 V/20 A 100 W PKJ 4111E PI 48/60 12 V/8.3 A 100 W PKJ 4113E PI 48/60 15 V/6.7 A 100 W PKJ 4115E PI Comment See Technical Specification PKJ4110E PI The PKJE series DC/DC converter may be ordered with different options listed in the Product Options Table. For more information about the complete product program, please refer to our website: www.ericsson.com/powermodules Product Options Option Suffix Ordering No. Positive Remote control logic P PKJ 4810E PIP Pin length 3.6 mm (0.14 in) LA PKJ 4810E PILA Note: As an example a positive logic, short pin product would be PKJ 4810E PIPLA Information given in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. No responsibility is assumed for the consequences of its use nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Ericsson Power Modules. These products are sold only according to Ericsson Power Modules' general conditions of sale, unless otherwise confirmed in writing. Specifications subject to change without notice. Ericsson Power Modules SE-126 25 Stockholm, Sweden Telephone: +46 8 568 69620 Americas Ericsson Inc., Power Modules +1-972-583-5224, +1-972-583-6910 For local sales contacts, please refer to our website www.ericsson.com/powermodules or call: Int +46 8 568 69620, Fax: +46 8 568 69599 Asia/Pacific Ericsson Ltd. +852-2590-2453 The latest and most complete information can be found on our website Datasheet EN/LZT 146 025 R8A (c) Ericsson Power Modules AB, June 2007