TCA3727G
2-phase Stepper Motor Driver
Bipolar IC
Data Sheet, Rev. 2.2, January 2008
Automotive Power
PG-DSO-24-13
Type Package Marking
TCA3727G PG-DSO-24-13 TCA 3727G
Data Sheet 4 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
2-phase Stepper Motor Driver
Bipolar IC
TCA3727G
Features
•2 × 0.75 amp. / 50 V outputs
• Integrated driver, control logic and current control
(chopper)
• Fast free-wheeling diodes
• Max. supply voltage 52 V
• Outputs free of crossover current
• Offset-phase turn-ON of output stages
• Z-diode for logic supply
• Low standby-current drain
• Full, half, quarter, mini step
• Green (RoHS compliant) thermally enhanced SO package
• AEC Qualified
Description
TCA3727G is a bipolar, monolithic IC for driving bipolar stepper motors, DC motors and other inductive loads that
operate on constant current. The control logic and power output stages for two bipolar windings are integrated on
a single chip which permits switched current control of motors with 0.75 A per phase at operating voltages up to
50 V.
The direction and value of current are programmed for each phase via separate control inputs. A common
oscillator generates the timing for the current control and turn-on with phase offset of the two output stages. The
two output stages in a full-bridge configuration have integrated, fast free-wheeling diodes and are free of crossover
current. The logic is supplied either separately with 5 V or taken from the motor supply voltage by way of a series
resistor and an integrated Z-diode. The device can be driven directly by a microprocessor with the possibility of all
modes from full step through half step to mini step.
Data Sheet 5 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Figure 1 Pin Configuration (top view)
Table 1 Pin Definitions and Functions
Pin No. Function
1, 2, 23, 24 Digital control inputs IX0, IX1 for the magnitude of the current of the particular phase.
See Table 2.
3Input Phase 1; controls the current through phase winding 1. On H-potential the phase
current flows from Q11 to Q12, on L-potential in the reverse direction.
5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19,
20
Ground; all pins are connected internally.
4Oscillator; works at approx. 25 kHz if this pin is wired to ground across 2.2 nF.
10 Resistor R1 for sensing the current in phase 1.
9, 12 Push-pull outputs Q11, Q12 for phase 1 with integrated free-wheeling diodes.
11 Supply voltage; block to ground, as close as possible to the IC, with a stable electrolytic
capacitor of at least 10 µF in parallel with a ceramic capacitor of 220 nF.
14 Logic supply voltage; either supply with 5 V or connect to +VS across a series resistor. A
Z-diode of approx. 7 V is integrated. In both cases block to ground directly on the IC with
a stable electrolytic capacitor of 10 µF in parallel with a ceramic capacitor of 100 nF.
13, 16 Push-pull outputs Q22, Q21 for phase 2 with integrated free wheeling diodes.
15 Resistor R2 for sensing the current in phase 2.
21 Inhibit input; the IC can be put on standby by low potential on this pin. This reduces the
current consumption substantially.
22 Input phase 2; controls the current flow through phase winding 2. On H-potential the
phase current flows from Q21 to Q22, on L potential in the reverse direction.
Q12 Q22
Q21
GND
GND
OSC
Phase 1 Phase 2
11
Ι
R
1
IEP00898
10
Ι
GND
Q11
V
S
++
L
V
2
R
Inhibit
Ι
20
Ι
21
GND
241
232
223
214
205
196
187
178
169
1510
1411
1312
GND
GND
GND
GND
TCA3727G
Data Sheet 6 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
Figure 2 Block Diagram TCA 3727G
Table 2 Digital Control Inputs IX0, IX1
typical Imax with Rsense = 1 Ω, 750 mA
IX1 IX0 Phase Current Example of Motor Status
H H 0 No current
H L 1/3 Imax Hold
L H 2/3 Imax Set
LL
Imax Accelerate
IEB00899
D14D13
D12D11
T14
T12
T13
T11
14 11
9
12
10
Q11
Q12
R
1
4
1
2
3
Oscillator
Functional
Logic
+V
LS
V+
Ι
11
GND
Phase 1
Phase 1
Phase 1
5-8, 17-19
Phase 2
Phase 2
Phase 2
Logic
Functional
Inhibit
22
23
24
21
2
R
Q22
Q21
15
13
16
T21
T23
T22
T24
D21 D22
D23 D24
Inhibit
10
Ι
Ι20
Ι21
Data Sheet 7 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Note: Stresses above those listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Note: In the operating range, the functions given in the circuit description are fulfilled.
Table 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings
TA = -40 to 125 °C
Parameter Symbol Limit Values Unit Remarks
Min. Max.
Supply voltage VS052V–
Logic supply voltage VL06.5VZ-diode
Z-current of VLIL–50mA–
Output current IQ-1 1 A –
Ground current IGND -2 2 A –
Logic inputs VIXX -6 VL + 0.3 V IXX; Phase 1, 2; Inhibit
R1, R2, oscillator input voltage VRX, VOSC -0.3 VL + 0.3 V –
Junction temperature Tj–
–
125
150
°C
°C
–
max. 10,000 h
Storage temperature Tstg -50 125 °C–
Table 4 Operating Range
Parameter Symbol Limit Values Unit Remarks
Min. Max.
Supply voltage VS550V–
Logic supply voltage VL4.5 6.5 V without series resistor
Case temperature TC-40 110 °C measured on pin 5 Pdiss
= 2 W
Output current IQ-1000 1000 mA –
Logic inputs VIXX -5 VLV IXX; Phase 1, 2; Inhibit
Thermal Resistances
Junction ambient Rth ja – 75 K/W PG-DSO-24-13
Junction ambient
(soldered on a 35 µm thick 20 cm2 PC board
copper area)
Rth ja – 50 K/W PG-DSO-24-13
Junction case Rth jc – 15 K/W measured on pin 5 PG-
DSO-24-13
TCA3727G
Data Sheet 8 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
Table 5 Characteristics
VS = 40 V; VL = 5 V; -25 °C ≤ Tj ≤ 125 °C
Parameter Symbol Limit Values Unit Test Condition
Min. Typ. Max.
Current Consumption
from +VSIS–0.20.5mAVinh = L
from +VSIS–1620mAVinh = H
IQ1/2 = 0, IXX = L
from +VLIL–1.73mAVinh = L
from +VLIL–1825mAVinh = H
IQ1/2 = 0, IXX = L
Oscillator
Output charging current IOSC – 110 – µA–
Charging threshold VOSCL –1.3–V–
Discharging threshold VOSCH –2.3–V–
Frequency fOSC 18 25 35 kHz COSC = 2.2 nF
Phase Current Selection (R1; R2)
Current Limit Threshold
No current Vsense n –0–mVIX0 = H; IX1 = H
Hold Vsense h 200 250 300 mV IX0 = L; IX1 = H
Setpoint Vsense s 460 540 620 mV IX0 = H; IX1 = L
Accelerate Vsense a 740 825 910 mV IX0 = L; IX1 = L
Logic Inputs (IX1; IX0; Phase x)
Threshold VI1.4
(H→L)
–2.3
(L→H)
V–
L-input current IIL -10 – – µAVI = 1.4 V
L-input current IIL -100 – – µAVI = 0 V
H-input current IIH ––10µAVI = 5 V
Standby Cutout (inhibit)
Threshold VInh (L→H)234V–
Threshold VInh (H→L) 1.7 2.3 2.9 V –
Hysteresis VInhhy 0.3 0.7 1.1 V –
Internal Z-Diode
Z-voltage VLZ 6.5 7.4 8.2 V IL = 50 mA
Power Outputs
Diode Transistor Sink Pair (D13, T13; D14, T14; D23, T23; D24, T24)
Saturation voltage Vsatl –0.30.6VIQ = -0.5 A
Saturation voltage Vsatl –0.51VIQ = -0.75 A
Reverse current IRl ––300µAVQ = 40 V
Forward voltage VFl –0.91.3VIQ = 0.5 A
Forward voltage VFl –11.4VIQ = 0.75 A
Data Sheet 9 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Note: The listed characteristics are ensured over the operating range of the integrated circuit. Typical
characteristics specify mean values expected over the production spread. If not otherwise specified, typical
characteristics apply at TA = 25
°
C and the given supply voltage.
Diode Transistor Source Pair (D11, T11; D12, T12; D21, T21; D22, T22)
Saturation voltage VsatuC –0.91.2VIQ = 0.5 A; charge
Saturation voltage VsatuD –0.30.7VIQ = 0.5 A; discharge
Saturation voltage VsatuC –1.11.4VIQ = 0.75 A; charge
Saturation voltage VsatuD –0.51VIQ = 0.75 A; discharge
Reverse current IRu ––300µAVQ = 0 V
Forward voltage VFu –11.3VIQ = -0.5 A
Forward voltage VFu –1.11.4VIQ = -0.75 A
Diode leakage current ISL –12mAIF = -0.75 A
Table 5 Characteristics (cont’d)
VS = 40 V; VL = 5 V; -25 °C ≤ Tj ≤ 125 °C
Parameter Symbol Limit Values Unit Test Condition
Min. Typ. Max.
TCA3727G
Data Sheet 10 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
Quiescent Current IS, IL versus Supply Voltage VS)Quiescent Current IS, IL versus Junction Temperature Tj
Output Current IQX versus Junction Temperature TjOperating Condition:
•VL = 5 V
•VInh = H
•COSC = 2.2 nF
•Rsense = 1 Ω
• Load: L = 10 mH, R = 2.4 Ω
•fphase = 50 Hz
• mode: fullstep
0102030V50
0
10
20
30
40
mA
Ι
XX
= H
= L
XX
Ι
j
T= 25 C
S
Ι
L
Ι
L
Ι
IED01655
V
S
Ι
S
,
L
Ι
-25 0 25 50 75 100 150C
IED01656
XX
Ι
= H
= L
Ι
XX
= 40V
L
Ι
L
Ι
Ι
S
j
T
0
10
40
20
ΙΙ
S,
30
L
mA
VS
-25 0 25 50 75 100 C 150
j
T
QX
Ι
IED01657
0
200
800
400
600
mA
Data Sheet 11 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Output Saturation Voltages Vsat
versus Output Current IQ
Forward Current IF of Free-Wheeling
Diodes versus Forward Voltages VF
Typical Power Dissipation Ptot versus
Output Current IQ (non stepping)
Permissible Power Dissipation Ptot
versus Case Temperature TC
0
00.5
0.2
0.4
0.6
1.0 V1.5
VF
Ι
F
0.8
A
Tj
1.0
= 25 C
Fl
VV
Fu
IED01167
P-DSO-24
Measured
at pin 5.
IED01660
0
6
8
W
tot
P
12
100-25 0 5025 75 C 175
T
c
10
4
2
125
TCA3727G
Data Sheet 12 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
Input Characteristics of IXX, Phase X, Inhibit Input Current of Inhibit versus Junction Temperature Tj
Oscillator Frequency fOSC versus Junction Temperature Tj
VL= 5V
-6 -5 -2 3.9 2 6
IED01661
0.8
0.4
0
0.4
mA
IXX
Ι
0.8
V
VIXX
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.2
15
20
25
30
kHz
-25 0 25 50 75 100 125 C 150
V
S
L
V
OSZ
C
= 40V
= 5V
= 2.2nF
OSC
f
j
T
IED01663
Data Sheet 13 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Figure 3 Test Circuit
Figure 4 Application Circuit
IES00706
1
2
3
21
24
23
22
14 11
9
12
16
13
415
GNDOSC
5, 6
7,8,17,18,19,20
R
1
1Ω
R
2
Ω1
2.2 nF
Phase 1
Phase 2
Inhibit
V
L
V
S
Q11
Q12
Q21
Q22
TCA 3727
220 nF 100 Fµ220 nF100 Fµ
Ι
L
Ι
S
Ι
GND
Ι
OSC
V
OSC
Ι
Q
Ι
Fu
Ι
R
Ι
Ru
Satl
-
-
V
Satu
V
Fu
V
S
-
V
Ι
V
Ι
Ι
Ι
Ι
ΙL
H
L
H
Ι
10
11
Ι
Ι
Ι
21
20
V
Fl
-
Sense
V
V
V
Sense
10
IES00707
1
2
3
21
24
23
22
14 11
9
12
16
13
45
GNDOSC
5, 6,7,8
17,18,19,20
R
1
1Ω
R
2
Ω1
2.2 nF
Micro
Controller
Ι
11
20
21
Phase 1
Phase 2
Inhibit
V
L
V
S
Q11
Q12
Q21
Q22
TCA 3727
M
220 nF 100 F
µ
+40 V+5 V
220 nF100 F
µ
10
Ι
Ι
Ι
10
TCA3727G
Data Sheet 14 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
Figure 5 Full-Step Operation
t
IED01666
Accelerate Mode Normal Mode
acc
set
L
H
L
H
L
H
Ι
Phase 1
i
Q1
i
Ι
Ι
10
11
set
i
iacc
iset
iacc
i
Q2
Ι
acc
set
i
Ι
21
20
Ι
H
H
L
L
L
H
Phase 2
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
Data Sheet 15 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Figure 6 Half-Step Operation
t
t
t
t
t
t
IED01667
t
Accelerate Mode Normal Mode
t
21
Ι
20
Phase 2
Ι
L
L
H
H
H
L
Q2
Ι
-
-
-
iset
acc
i
i
set
acc
i
acc
i
Q1
Ι
-
Phase 1
set
i
set
i
L
acc
i
H
10
Ι
11
Ι
H
H
L
L
TCA3727G
Data Sheet 16 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
Figure 7 Quarter-Step Operation
Data Sheet 17 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Figure 8 Mini-Step Operation
H
L
H
L
H
L
i
set
i
hold
Ι
10
Ι
11
Phase 1
Ι
Q1
t
IED01665
acc
i
set
i
i
hold
acc
i
i
acc
set
i
set
hold
acc
hold
i
i
i
i
Ι
Q2
L
H
H
L
L
H
Ι
Ι
20
21
Phase 2
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
TCA3727G
Data Sheet 18 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
Figure 9 Current Control
Osc
V
0
Ι
GND
VQ12 VS
+
0
S
+V
V
+S
+VS
t
t
VFU
sat 1
V
satu D
Vsatu C
V
phase x
phase x
Operating conditions:
V
R
L
S= 40 V
= 10 mH
= 20
IED01177
0
Ω
2.4 V
1.4 V
0
t
t
VQ11
VQ22
VQ21
t
t
T
VL= 5 V
Inhibit
xx
V
V
Vphase x = H
= L
= H
Data Sheet 19 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Figure 10 Phase Reversal and Inhibit
Inhibit
Oscillator
High Imped. Oscillator
High Imped.
Phase 1 Phase Changeover
High
Impedance
High
Impedance
High
Impe-
dance
Slow Current Decay
Fast Current Decay
IED01178
Ι
GND
VOsc 2.3 V
1.3 V
0
L
L
Ι
N
0
t
VQ11
satl
V
Fu
VVsatu C satu D
V
Fl
V
S
V
+
Phase 1
Ι
Fast
Current
Decay by
Inhibit
Slow
Current Decay
Operating Conditions:
VS= 40 V
V= 5 V
Ι
phase 1
L
phase 1
R
Ι
1X
= 20
= L;
V
+S
Q12
V
= 10 mH
Ω
1X
Ι
= H
t
t
t
t
t
t
TCA3727G
Data Sheet 20 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
Calculation of Power Dissipation
The total power dissipation Ptot is made up of
•saturation losses Psat (transistor saturation voltage and diode forward voltages),
•quiescent losses Pq (quiescent current times supply voltage) and
•switching losses Ps (turn-ON / turn-OFF operations).
The following equations give the power dissipation for chopper operation without phase reversal. This is the worst
case, because full current flows for the entire time and switching losses occur in addition.
Ptot = 2 × Psat + Pq + 2 × Ps(1)
where
•Psat ≅ IN {Vsatl × d + VFu (1 - d) + VsatuC × d + VsatuD (1 - d)}
•Pq = Iq × VS + IL × VL
(2)
•IN = nominal current (mean value)
•Iq = quiescent current
•iD = reverse current during turn-on delay
•iR = peak reverse current
•tp = conducting time of chopper transistor
•tON = turn-ON time
•tOFF = turn-OFF time
•tDON = turn-ON delay
•tDOFF = turn-OFF delay
• T = cycle duration
•d = duty cycle tp/T
•Vsatl = saturation voltage of sink transistor (T3, T4)
•VsatuC = saturation voltage of source transistor (T1, T2) during charge cycle
•VsatuD = saturation voltage of source transistor (T1, T2) during discharge cycle
•VFu = forward voltage of free-wheeling diode (D1, D2)
•VS = supply voltage
•VL = logic supply voltage
•IL = current from logic supply
P
S
VS
T
------ iDtDON
×
2
---------------------- iDiR
+tON
×
4
------------------------------ IN
2
-----tDOFF tOFF
+++
≅
Data Sheet 21 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Figure 11
Figure 12
Dx3 Dx4
Dx1 Dx2
VS
+
Tx3
Tx1
Tx4
Tx2
L
Vsense
sense
R
IES01179
IET01210
Voltage and
Current at
Chopper
Transistor
tDtON OFF
t
OFF
t
p
t
Vsatl
VSFu
V
+
iD
iR
Ι
N
Turn-ON Turn-OFF
+VFuS
V
t
DON
TCA3727G
Data Sheet 22 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
Application Hints
The TCA3727G is intended to drive both phases of a stepper motor. Special care has been taken to provide high
efficiency, robustness and to minimize external components.
Power Supply
The TCA3727G will work with supply voltages ranging from 5 V to 50 V at pin VS. As the circuit operates with
chopper regulation of the current, interference generation problems can arise in some applications. Therefore the
power supply should be decoupled by a 0.22 µF ceramic capacitor located near the package. Unstabilized
supplies may even afford higher capacities.
Current Sensing
The current in the windings of the stepper motor is sensed by the voltage drop across R1 and R2. Depending on
the selected current internal comparators will turn off the sink transistor as soon as the voltage drop reaches
certain thresholds (typical 0 V, 0.25 V, 0.5 V and 0.75 V); (R1, R2 = 1 Ω). These thresholds are neither affected by
variations of VL nor by variations of VS.
Due to chopper control fast current rises (up to 10 A/µs) will occur at the sensing resistors R1 and R2. To prevent
malfunction of the current sensing mechanism R1 and R2 should be pure ohmic. The resistors should be wired to
GND as directly as possible. Capacitive loads such as long cables (with high wire to wire capacity) to the motor
should be avoided for the same reason.
Synchronizing Several Choppers
In some applications synchronous chopping of several stepper motor drivers may be desirable to reduce acoustic
interference. This can be done by forcing the oscillator of the TCA3727G by a pulse generator overdriving the
oscillator loading currents (approximately ≥ ±100 µA). In these applications low level should be between 0 V and
1 V while high level should be between 2.6 V and VL.
Optimizing Noise Immunity
Unused inputs should always be wired to proper voltage levels in order to obtain highest possible noise immunity.
To prevent crossconduction of the output stages the TCA3727G uses a special break before make timing of the
power transistors. This timing circuit can be triggered by short glitches (some hundred nanoseconds) at the Phase
inputs causing the output stage to become high resistive during some microseconds. This will lead to a fast current
decay during that time. To achieve maximum current accuracy such glitches at the Phase inputs should be
avoided by proper control signals.
Thermal Shut Down
To protect the circuit against thermal destruction, thermal shut down has been implemented. To provide a warning
in critical applications, the current of the sensing element is wired to input Inhibit. Before thermal shut down occurs
Inhibit will start to pull down by some hundred microamperes. This current can be sensed to build a temperature
prealarm.
Data Sheet 23 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
TCA3727G
Package Outlines
Figure 13 PG-DSO-24-13
Green Product (RoHS compliant)
To meet the world-wide customer requirements for environmentally friendly products and to be compliant with
government regulations the device is available as a green product. Green products are RoHS-Compliant (i.e
Pb-free finish on leads and suitable for Pb-free soldering according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020).
2) Lead width can be 0.61 max. in dambar area
1) Does not include plastic or metal protrusion of 0.15 max. per side
Index Marking
1.27
+0.15
0.35
15.6
1
24
2)
-0.4 1) 12
0.2
13
24x
0.1
2.65 MAX.
0.2
-0.1
2.45
-0.2
0.4 +0.8
10.3 ±0.3
0.35 x 45˚
-0.2
7.6 1)
0.23
+0.09
MAX.8˚
P/PG-DSO-24-1, -3, -8, -9, -13, -15, -16-PO V01
For further information on alternative packages, please visit our website:
http://www.infineon.com/packages.Dimensions in mm
TCA3727G
Data Sheet 24 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22
Revision History
Revision Date Changes
2.2 2009-01-22 Final Green Data Sheet version of TCA3727G
Page 11 : Removed P-DIP-20 reference in Permissible Power Dissipation vs.
Case Temperature curve.
Page 13 : Updated Figure 3 and 4 to PG-DSO-24-13 pinout
2.1 2008-12-04 Initial version of RoHS-compliant derivate of TCA3727
Page 1: AEC certified statement added
Page 1 and 24: added RoHS compliance statement and Green product feature
Page 1 and 24: Package changed to RoHS compliant version
Page 25-26: added Revision History, updated Legal Disclaimer
2.0 2007-06-25 Final Data Sheet
1.0 1998-12-16 Initial Release
Edition 2009-01-22
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 Munich, Germany
© 2009 Infineon Technologies AG
All Rights Reserved.
Legal Disclaimer
The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or
characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any
information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties
and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights
of any third party.
Information
For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest
Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com).
Warnings
Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in
question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office.
Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written
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