(M) MOTOROLA Programmable Precision References The TL431, A, 8 integrated circuits are three-terminal programmable shunt regulator diodes. These monolithic IC voltage references operate as a low temperature coefficient zener which is programmable from Vref to 36 V with two external resistors. These devices exhibit a wide operating current range of 1.0 mA to 100 mA with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.22 Q. The characteristics of these references make them excellent replacements for zener diodes in many applications such as digital vottmeters, power supplies, and op amp circuitry. The 2.5 V reference makes it convenient to obtain a stable reference from 5.0 V logic supplies, and since the TL431, A, B operates as a shunt regulator, it can be used as either a positive or negative voltage reference. @ Programmable Output Voltage to 36 V Voltage Reference Tolerance: +0.4%, Typ @ 25C (TL431B) Low Dynamic Output Impedance, 0.22 2 Typical Sink Current Capability of 1.0 mA to 100 mA @ Equivalent Full-Range Temperature Coefficient of 50 ppm/C Typical @ Temperature Compensated for Operation over Full Rated Operating Temperature Range Low Output Noise Voltage ORDERING INFORMATION Operating Device Temperature Range Package TL431CLP, ACLP, BCLP TO-92 TL431CP, ACP, BCP Plastic Ta = 0 to +70C TL431CDM, ACDM, BCDM Micro-8 TL431CD, ACD, BCD SOP-8 TL431ILP, AILP, BILP TO~92 TL431IP, AIP, BIP Plastic Ta = 40 to +85C TL431IDM, AIDM, BIDM Micro-8 TL431ID, AID, BID SOP-8 TL431, A, B Series PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION REFERENCES SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA Z, LP SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 29 (TO-92) Pin 1. Reference 4 2. Anode 1 3. Cathode P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE : CASE 626 1 DM SUFFIX 8 gS PLASTIC PACKAGE , CASE 846A {Micro8) Cathode [1 | | 8 | Reference NC. N.C. NC. | 6 | Anode nc. [4 | NC. (Top View) D SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE, & CASE 751 (SOP-8) 1 Cathode | | 1 8} Reference Anode 2 [7] Anode al ff ne. [4] BING. (Top View) SOP-8 !s an internally modified SO-8 package. Pins 2. 3,6 and 7 are electrically common to the die attach flag. This internal lead frame modification decreases power dissipation capability when appropriately mounted ona printed circuit board. SOP8 conforms to all extemal dimensions of the standard SO-8 package. 5-18 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATATL431, A, B Series Symbol Representative Schematic Diagram Component values are nominal Cathode iK) Cathode {kK} Reference (Ri Anode Reference Representative Block Diagram I A & rode (ai Anode tA) This device contains 12 active transistors. MAXIMUM RATINGS (Full operating ambient temperature range applies. unless otherwise noted.) Rating Symbol Value Unit Cathode to Anode Voltage VKA 37 v Cathode Current Range, Continuous ik -100 to +150 mA Reference Input Current Range, Continuous lref 0.05 to +10 mA Operating Junction Temperature Ty 150 C Operating Ambient Temperature Range TA C TL4311, TL431Al, TL431BI 40 to +85 TL431C, TL431AC, TL431BC 0 to +70 Storage Temperature Range Tstg ~65 to +150 C Total Power Dissipation @ Ta = 25C Pp Ww Derate above 25C Ambient Temperature D, LP Suffix Plastic Package 0.70 P Suffix Plastic Package 1.10 DM Suffix Plastic Package 0.52 Total Power Dissipation @ Te = 25C Pp Ww Derate above 25C Case Temperature D, LP Suffix Plastic Package 1.5 P Suffix Plastic Package 3.0 NOTE: ESD data available upon request. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Condition Symbol Min Max Unit Cathode to Anode Voltage VKA Viet 36 Vv Cathode Current Ik 1.0 100 mA THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS D,LP Suffix P Suffix DM Suffix Characteristic Symbol Package Package Package Unit Thermal Resistance, JunctiontoAmbient ReJA 178 114 240 CW Thermal Resistance, Junction-to~Case Resc 83 41 - C/W MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 5-19TL431, A, B Series ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ta = 25C, unless otherwise noted.) TL4311 TL431C Characteristic Symbot Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit Reference Input Voltage (Figure 1) Vret Vv VKA = Vret. IK = 10 mA Ta = 25C 2.44 2.495 2.55 2.44 2.495 2.55 Ta = Tow te Thigh (Note 1) 2.41 - 2.58 | 2.423 - 2.567 Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over AVret = 7.0 30 - 3.0 7 mV Temperature Range (Figure 1, Notes 1, 2, 4) VKA= Vref, IK = 10 mA Ratio of Change in Reference input Voltage AV mv/Vv to Change in Cathode to Anode Voltage nv Ik = 10 mA (Figure 2). AVKa = 10 V to Veet KA - -1.4 -2.7 - -1.4 -2.7 AVKaA = 36 V to 10 V - -1.0 2.0 ~ -1.0 -2.0 Reference Input Current (Figure 2) lref HA Ik = 10 mA. R1 = 10k, R2 =< Ta = 25C - 1.8 4.0 - 1.8 4.0 Ta = Tow to Thigh (Note 1) - - 6.5 - - 5.2 Reference Input Current Deviation Over Alref - 0.8 2.5 - 0.4 1.2 HA Temperature Range (Figure 2. Note 1, 4) Ik = 10 mA, Rt = 10k, R2 == Minimum Cathode Current For Regulation Imin - 0.5 1.0 - 0.5 1.0 mA VKA = Vref (Figure 1) Off-State Cathode Current (Figure 3) lotf od 2.6 1000 - 2.6 1000 nA VKA = 96 V, Vref = OV Dynamic impedance (Figure 1. Note 3) IZKAl - 0.22 0.5 - 0.22 0.5 Q VKA = Vref. Alk = 1.0 mA to 100 mA f< 1.0 kHz NOTE 14: Tiow = 40C for TL43tAIP TL431AILP, TL4311P, TL431ILP, TL431BID. TL431B IP. TL431BiLP, TL431AIDM, TL431IDM, TL431BIDM = OC for TL431ACP, TL431ACLP. TL431CP, TL431CLP. TL431CD, TL431ACD, TL431BCD, TL431BCP, TL431BCLP, TL431CDM., TL431ACDM, TL431BCDM Thigh = +85-C for TL431A IP, TL431AILP, TL4311P, TL431ILP, TL431BID. TL431BIP, TL431BILP, TL431IDM. TL431AIDM, TL431BIDM = +70 C for TL431ACP, TL431ACLP, TL431CP. TL431ACD, TL431BCD, TL431BCP, TL431BCLP, TL431CDM, TL431ACDM, TL431BCDM NOTE 2: The deviation parameter AV;e Is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full operating ambient temperature range that applies. Vref max ~~ AVret = Vref Max Vref min AT, =To-7} Vref min Ti Ambient Temperature The average temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage. &V 4 Is detined as. (vse) x 108 @ 25 6 ppm _ ref _ A Vieg X 10 ref C AT, AT, Wie @ 25C) aV,ef can be positive or negative depending cn whether V-e Min or Vray Max occurs at the lower ambient temperature. (Refer to Figure 6.) Exampie : AViet = 8.0 mV and slope is positive. 6 Vig @ 25C = 2.495 VAT, = 70C w- 9.008 x 100 _ pe ref A Viet 70 (2.495) 45.8 ppm/C AY NOTE 3: The dynamic impedance Zka Is defined as 2a! = KA Al. K When the device is programmed with two external resistors, R1 and R2. (refer to Figure 2) the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as: os f BL Zia! = Za! ( 1+ 8 | 5-20 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATATL431, A, B Series ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ta = 25C, unless otherwise noted.) TL431At TL431AC TL431B Characteristic Symbol ; Min | Typ | Max | Min | Typ | Max | Min Typ | Max | Unit Reference Input Voltage (Figure 1) Vret Vv VKA = Vref: IK = 10 mA Ta =25'C 2.47 | 2.495 | 2.52 | 2.47 | 2.495 ; 2.52 | 2.483 | 2.495 | 2.507 Ta = Tlow to Thigh 244) - | 255 ]2453] | 2.537 | 2.475 | 2.495 | 2.515 Reference fnput Voltage Deviation Over AVrat - 7.0 30 - 3.0 7 - 3 17 mV Temperature Range (Figure 1, Notes 1, 2, 4) VKA= Vrat, I = 10 mA | Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage AV ot mvV/V to Change in Cathode to Anode Voltage AV IK = 10 mA (Figure 2), AVKA = 10 V to Vref KA - | -14 |-27] - -1.4 | 2.7 - -1.4 | 2.7 AVKA = 36 V to 10 V - -1.0 | -2.0 - -1.0 ; -2.0 - -1.0 | -2.0 Reference Input Current (Figure 2) Alret uA \K = 10mA, Ri =10k, R2=-< Ta = 25C - 18 4.0 - 1.8 4.0 - 1.6 3.0 Ta = Tlow t0 Thigh (Note 1) - - 6.5 - - 5.2 - - 40 Reference Input Current Deviation Over Alref - 0.8 2.5 - 0.4 1.2 - 0.4 1.2 BA Temperature Range (Figure 2, Note 1) (qk = 10 mA, R1 = 10k, R2 =~ Minimum Cathode Current For Regulation Imin - 0.5 1.0 ~ 0.5 1.0 - 0.5 1.0 mA VKA = Vree (Figure 1) Off-State Cathode Current (Figure 3) lott - 260 | 1000 - 260 | 1000 - 230 | 500 nA Vika = 36 V, Vrat = OV Dynamic Impedance (Figure 1, Note 3) IZKal = 0.22 | 0.5 ~ 0.22 0.5 = 9.14 0.3 42 VKA = Vref. Alk = 1.0 mA to 100 mA f< 1.0 kHz NOTE 1: Tipw = 40C for TL431AIP TL431 AILP, TL431IP. TL431ILP, TL431BID, TL431BIP, TL431BiLP, TL431AIDM, TL431IDM. TL431BIDM = 0C for TL431ACP, TL431ACLP, TL431CP, L431CLP, TL431CD, TL431ACD, TL431BCD, TL4318CP, TL431BCLP. TL431CDM, TL431ACOM, TL431BCDM Thigh = +85C for TL431A IP, TL437AILP. TL431 IP. TL431ILP, TL431BID, TL431BlP, TL431BILP, TL4311DM, TL431AIDM. TL431BIDM = +70C for TL431 ACP, TL431ACLP, TL431C >. TL431ACD, TL431BCD, TL431BCP, TL431BCLP, TL431CDM. TL431ACDM, TL431BCDM NOTE 2: The deviation parameter SV,ay is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full operating ambient temperature range that applies. ' Ambient Temperature The average temperature coefficient of the reterence input vollage. wef is defined as AV (5 ec X 108 ppm \ ret A Vigg x 108 ~ @ 25C) Viet =O 7 aT, AT, ref GVref can be positive or negative depending on whether Vref Min or Vref Max occurs at the lower ambient temperature. (Refer to Figure 6.) Example : AV ot = 8.0 mV and slope is positive, : 6 Viet @ 25C = 2.495 VAT, = 70C O Vipy = OCR AAO = 45.8 ppm/ec ef ~ 70 (2.495) Av . . . . _ KA NOTE 3: The dynamic impedance ZKA is defined as Zia! =a lk When the device is programmed with two extemal resistors, Rt and Az. (refer to Figure 2) the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as: , f Al Zyq'l * Za! ( 1+55 ) NOTE 4: This test is not applicable to surface mount (D and OM suffix) devices. MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 5-21Figure 1. Test Circuit for VK A = Vref Ik, CATHODE CURRENT (mA) Vret, REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) TL431, A, B Series Figure 2. Test Circuit for VKA > Vref Figure 3. Test Circuit for lof Input OWA O Va input Ow VKA Input OW# -O Va rL Ik t K lott Ri let Ty] 0 4 eet Re Vig = V (148) 4 +R , i KA ref \ R2 ref a ~ Veet + Figure 4. Cathode Current versus Figure 5. Cathode Current versus Cathode Voltage Cathode Voltage 150 800 Tass Tasos A= 25" = A= 25" 100 input VKA <= 600 j Vika vik = Ik a 50 = 400 > Oo a 0 2 200 x 3 -50 x 0 ~100 -200 -2.0 -1.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 -1.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 Vka. CATHODE VOLTAGE 1V) Vika. CATHODE VOLTAGE (Vi Figure 6. Reference Input Voltage versus Figure 7. Reference Input Current versus Ambient Temperature Ambient Temperature 2600 ; WA _ Input < _ VIVA = Vee Vref Max = 2550 = 2560 Viet Ik=10mA = B 2540 = > 2520 5 2500 Vret Typ = 2495 mV g 2480 8 k= 10mA 2460 a Input oy, VKA I Ik 2440 Vref Min = 2440 mV 5 10k 3 : 2420 3 2400 -25 0 25 50 75 Ta, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (C) 4100 126 ~25 0 25 50 75 Ta, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (C) 100 125 5-22 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATATL431, A, B Series Figure 8. Change in Reference input Voltage versus Cathode Voltage z we I= 10mA _| 2 Ta = 25C a-8.0 > 5 he 2 & 16 5 Input VKA & | m k Bast wl > a Re Vret 3s tL > < ~32 s 4 1 0 10 20 39 40 Vica. CATHODE VOLTAGE iV) Figure 10. Dynamic impedance versus Frequency 100 Ta = 25C a Output Alk = 1.0 mA to 100 mA wy 50 a) Hk 9 -4 = i) Gnd q@ 10 t oa 2 S = = > 10 a = = N 0.4 100k f, FREQUENCY (MHz) 10k 10k 1.0M 10M Figure 12. OpenLoop Voltage Gain versus Frequency ii Output 9.0 uF 15k K. VOLTAGE SWING (V) I= 10 mA Ta = 25C 100k f, FREQUENCY (MHz) 10k 1.0M 10M Figure 9. Off-State Cathode Current versus Ambient Temperature 10k a 100 s ~~ oOo lu 8 0 xc & L Vka=36V a 10 O Vref = OV & ~ Input VKA = ~~ vi a loft tt 0.1 4 4 3 Lo = S + 0.01 ! 1 -55 ~25 0 25 50 75 100125 Ta. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 5C) Figure 11. Dynamic Impedance versus Ambient Temperature 0.320 T T T > VKA = Viet = 0.300 Al = 1.0 mA to 100 mA o f< 1.0 kHz z Output 8 0.280 1.0K 7 IK a 50 = 0260 os Qo Gnd Z \ es = N y. 3 0.240 NX ~ e 0.220 0.20055 -25 0 25 50 75 100. = 125 Ta, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 13. Spectral Noise Density 80 = = 60 5 lu oc s Oo 40 VA, = Vref Ww Ik = 10mA 2 Ta = 25C = Input Ow Output S 20 [. ik x : 10 100 1.0k 10k 100 k f, FREQUENCY (Hz) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 5-23TL431, A, B Series Figure 14. Pulse Response Figure 15. Stability Boundary Conditions Ta =25C po 3.0 -A= Input ANVKA = Vret pon Monitor Output az 120} BYVKa=5.0V @ Ik=10mA ~ Output Q 220 vue E C) VKa = 10V @ IK = 10 mA = 20 P & root DIVKA=15V @ I= 10mA 5 Pulse a Ta = 25C Zz Generator | $ 50 = A 5 f= 100 kHe a ai 1.0 Co w z + Gnd 2 60 a x > 0 +} _.} } 5 4 ad o_o ee 2 4 | Input ~ 20 | 0 Q 4.0 8.0 12 16 20 100pF 1000pF (0.01 pF 0.1 pF 1.0 uF 10 LF Za t, TIME (11s) C_, LOAD CAPACITANCE Figure 16. Test Circuit For Curve A Figure 17. Test Circuit For Curves B, C, And D of Stability Boundary Conditions of Stability Boundary Conditions 150 9 150 -4 ky | ky 10k | V. 14 | LL Vv. # (J LL e A U4 Ro | | TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Figure 18. Shunt Regulator V+ O-V~W-4 Ri ( R2 O_4 | as T Vout Al Vout (1 * i) Viet Figure 19. High Current Shunt Regulator V+ Vout 5-24 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATAFigure 20. Output Control for a ThreeTerminal Fixed Regulator MC7805 V+ In Out Common Oo Al Vout = (1 + 5] Viet Vout min = Viet + .0V TL431, A, B Series Vout Figure 22. Constant Current Source RCL lout > Figure 24. TRIAC Crowbar Ve ) R2 Voutitrip} = (1 -_@ 0 Rl + A) Viet Vout Figure 21. V+ Series Pass Regulator XO f f O Vout = RI 4 = Re Ri Vout = (1 +B) v,. V v Figure 23. out min = V ef + Vbe Constant Current Sink eH sal sink = Figure 25. SRC Crowbar Vt O-S\_94 ae -O Vout Re Vo O out(trip) = 1) ig v MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 5-25Figure 26. Voltage Monitor Vt oO TL431, A, B Series L.E.D. indicator is on when V+ is between the upper and lower limits. it = Ri Lower Limit = (: + BI Vief vy R3' Upper Limit = (: + re) Viet Figure 28. Linear Ohmmeter 25V 1N5305 b 4 2.0mA 10k L Calibra te 25V > Vout Figure 27. Single-Supply Comparator with Temperature-Compensated Threshold V+ Vout Vin Ow Oo ~ Oo Vine Vin | Vout th = Vref < Vref Ve re > Vref | =2.0V Figure 29. Simple 400 mW Phono Amplifier 38V Ty = 330 to 8.0.0 wal D3 Ae *Thermalloy THM 6024 Heatsink on LP Package 5-26 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATATL431, A, B Series Figure 30. High Efficiency Step-Down Switching Converter 150 pH @ 2.0A Vin = 10 V to 20 V = OW TIP115 po Vout=5.0V lout = 1.0 A 1N5823 100k tL 7TX 2200 WF + 470 pF AN 51k -O Test Conditions Results Line Regulation Vin = 10 Vto20V. Ig =1.0A | 53mV (1.1%) Load Regulation Vin=15V, Io =OAtO 1.04 25 mV (0.5%) Output Ripple Vin = 10 V, lo =1.0A 50 mVpp P.A.R.D. Output Ripple Vin =20V.ig=1.0A 100 mVpp P.A.R.D. Efficiency Vin= 18 V,lo=1.0A 82% MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 5-27