VN5E025AJ-E Single channel high-side driver with analog current sense for automotive applications Features Max supply voltage VCC 41 V Operating voltage range VCC 4.5 to 28 V Max On-State resistance RON 25 m Current limitation (typ) ILIMH 60 A Off state supply current IS 2 A(1) PowerSSO-12 - Reverse battery protected - Electrostatic discharge protection 1. Typical value with all loads connected. General - Inrush current active management by power limitation - Very low stand-by current - 3.0 V CMOS compatible inputs - Optimized electromagnetic emissions - Very low electromagnetic susceptibility - In compliance with the 2002/95/EC european directive - Very low current sense leakage Diagnostic functions - Proportional load current sense - High current sense precision for wide currents range - Current sense disable - Off state openload detection - Output short to VCC detection - Overload and short to ground (power limitation) indication - Thermal shutdown indication Protections - Undervoltage shutdown - Overvoltage clamp - Load current limitation - Self limiting of fast thermal transients - Protection against loss of ground and loss of VCC - Over-temperature shutdown with autorestart (thermal shutdown) May 2010 Application All types of resistive, inductive and capacitive loads Suitable as LED driver Description The VN5E025AJ-E is a single channel high-side driver manufactured in the ST proprietary VIPower M0-5 technology and housed in the tiny PowerSSO-12 package. The VN5E025AJ-E is designed to drive 12 V automotive grounded loads delivering protection, diagnostics and easy 3 V and 5 V CMOS compatible interface with any microcontroller. The device integrates advanced protective functions such as load current limitation, inrush and overload active management by power limitation, over-temperature shut-off with autorestart and over-voltage active clamp. A dedicated analog current sense pin is associated with every output channel in order to provide Ehnanced diagnostic functions including fast detection of overload and short-circuit to ground through power limitation indication, over-temperature indication, short-circuit to VCC diagnosis and ONstate and OFF-state open load detection. The current sensing and diagnostic feedback of the whole device can be disabled by pulling the CS_DIS pin high to allow sharing of the external sense resistor with other similar devices Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 1/37 www.st.com 1 Contents VN5E025AJ-E Contents 1 Block diagram and pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 2.1 Absolue maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4 Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.5 Electrical characteristics curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1 GND protection network against reverse battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.1 Solution 1: resistor in the ground line (RGND only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.2 Solution 2: diode (DGND) in the ground line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.2 Load dump protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.3 MCU I/O protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4 Current sense and diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.4.1 3.5 4 Maximum demagnetization energy (VCC = 13.5V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Package and PC board thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.1 5 Short to VCC and OFF state open load detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 PowerSSO-12 thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Package and packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.1 ECOPACK(R) packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.2 PowerSSO-12 mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.3 Packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6 Order codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 7 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2/37 Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 VN5E025AJ-E List of tables List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Pin function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Suggested connections for unused and not connected pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Power section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Switching characteristics (VCC=13V, Tj=25C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Logic inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Protection and diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Current sense (8V VOL VSENSEH VCS tDSTKON Figure 6. Switching characteristics VOUT tWon tWoff 90% 80% dVOUT/dt(off) dVOUT/dt(on) tr 10% tf t INPUT td(on) td(off) t Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 13/37 Electrical specifications Figure 7. VN5E025AJ-E Delay response time between rising edge of ouput current and rising edge of current sense (CS enabled) VIN tDSENSE2H t IOUT IOUTMAX 90% IOUTMAX t ISENSE ISENSEMAX 90% ISENSEMAX t Figure 8. Output voltage drop limitation Vcc-Vout Tj=150oC Tj=25oC Tj=-40oC Von Von/Ron(T) 14/37 Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 Iout VN5E025AJ-E Electrical specifications Figure 9. IOUT / ISENSE vs IOUT Iout / Isense 4200 max Tj = -40 C to 150 C 3700 3200 max Tj = 25 C to 150 C typical value 2700 min Tj = 25 C to 150 C 2200 min Tj = -40 C to 150 C 1700 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 IOUT (A) Figure 10. Maximum current sense ratio drift vs load current dk/k(%) 10 5 0 -5 -10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 IOUT (A) Note: Parameter guaranteed by design; it is not tested. Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 15/37 Electrical specifications Table 11. VN5E025AJ-E Truth table Input Output Sense (VCSD=0V)(1) Normal operation L H L H 0 Nominal Overtemperature L H L L 0 VSENSEH Undervoltage L H L L 0 0 H X (no power limitation) Cycling (power limitation) Nominal Conditions Overload H VSENSEH Short circuit to GND (power limitation) L H L L 0 VSENSEH Open load OFF state (with external pull-up) L H VSENSEH Short circuit to VCC (external pull-up disconnected) L H H H VSENSEH < Nominal Negative output voltage clamp L L 0 1. If the VCSD is high, the SENSE output is at a high impedance, its potential depends on leakage currents and external circuit. 16/37 Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 VN5E025AJ-E Electrical specifications Table 12. ISO 7637-2: 2004(E) Test pulse Electrical transient requirements Test levels(1) III IV 1 -75V -100V 2a +37V 3a Number of pulses or test times Burst cycle/pulse repetition time Delays and Impedance Min. Max. 5000 pulses 0.5s 5s 2 ms, 10 +50V 5000 pulses 0.2s 5s 50s, 2 -100V -150V 1h 90ms 100ms 0.1s, 50 3b +75V +100V 1h 90ms 100ms 0.1s, 50 4 -6V -7V 1 pulse 100ms, 0.01 +65V +87V 1 pulse 400ms, 2 5b (2) ISO 7637-2: 2004E Test pulse III VI 1 C C 2a C C 3a C C 3b C C 4 C C 5b(2) C C Class Test level results Contents C All functions of the device performed as designed after exposure to disturbance. E One or more functions of the device did not perform as designed after exposure to disturbance and cannot be returned to proper operation without replacing the device. 1. The above test levels must be considered referred to VCC = 13.5V except for pulse 5b. 2. Valid in case of external load dump clamp: 40V maximum referred to ground. Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 17/37 Electrical specifications 2.4 VN5E025AJ-E Waveforms Figure 11. Normal operation Normal operation INPUT Nominal load Nominal load IOUT VSENSE VCS_DIS Figure 12. Overload or Short to GND Overload or Short to GND INPUT ILimH > Power Limitation Thermal cycling ILimL > IOUT VSENSE VCS_DIS 18/37 Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 VN5E025AJ-E Electrical specifications Figure 13. Intermittent Overload Intermittent Overload INPUT Overload ILimH > ILimL > Nominal load IOUT VSENSEH> VSENSE VCS_DIS Figure 14. OFF-State Open Load with external circuitry OFF-State Open Load with external circutry INPUT VOUT > VOL VOUT VOL IOUT VSENSEH > tDSTK(on) VSENSE VCS_DIS Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 19/37 Electrical specifications VN5E025AJ-E Figure 15. Short to VCC Short to VCC Resistive Short to VCC Hard Short to VCC VOUT > VOL VOL VOUT IOUT tDSTK(on) tDSTK(on) VCS_DIS Figure 16. TJ evolution in Overload or Short to GND TJ evolution in Overload or Short to GND INPUT Self-limitation of fast thermal transients TTSD THYST TR TJ_START TJ ILimH > Power Limitation < ILimL IOUT 20/37 Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 VN5E025AJ-E 2.5 Electrical specifications Electrical characteristics curves Figure 17. Off state output current Figure 18. High level input current Iih (A) Iloff (nA) 5 1500 4,5 Off State Vcc=13V Vin=Vout=0V 1200 Vin=2.1V 4 3,5 900 3 600 2,5 2 300 1,5 1 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 -50 175 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 100 125 150 175 150 175 Tc (C) Tc (C) Figure 19. Input clamp level Figure 20. Input low level Vicl (V) Vil (V) 7 2 1,8 lin=1mA 6,8 1,6 1,4 6,6 1,2 6,4 0,8 1 0,6 6,2 0,4 0,2 6 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 -50 -25 0 25 Tc (C) 50 75 Tc (C) Figure 21. Input high level Figure 22. Input hysteresis voltage Vihyst (V) Vih (V) 4 1 0,9 3,5 0,8 3 0,7 2,5 0,6 0,5 2 0,4 1,5 0,3 1 0,2 0,5 0,1 0 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Tc (C) Tc (C) Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 21/37 Electrical specifications VN5E025AJ-E Figure 23. On state resistance vs Tcase Figure 24. On state resistance vs VCC Ron (mOhm) Ron (mOhm) 80 60 50 Iout= 3A Vcc=13V 60 40 Tc=150C Tc=125C 30 40 Tc=25C 20 Tc=-40C 20 10 0 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 0 175 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 150 175 150 175 Vcc (V) Tc (C) Figure 25. Undervoltage shutdown Figure 26. Turn-On voltage slope Vusd (V) (dVout/dt )On (V/ms) 8 700 7 600 Vcc=13V RI=4.3 Ohm 6 500 5 400 4 300 3 200 2 100 1 0 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 -50 -25 0 25 Tc (C) 50 75 100 125 Tc (C) Figure 27. ILIMH vs Tcase Figure 28. Turn-Off voltage slope Ilimh (A) (dVout/dt )Off (V/ms) 80 400 350 Vcc=13V Vcc=13V RI= 4.3 Ohm 300 70 250 200 60 150 100 50 50 0 40 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 -50 22/37 -25 0 25 50 75 Tc (C) Tc (C) Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 100 125 VN5E025AJ-E Electrical specifications Figure 29. CS_DIS high level voltage Figure 30. CS_DIS clamp voltage Vcsdh (V) Vcsdcl(V) 4 10 3,5 9 3 8 2,5 7 2 6 1,5 5 1 4 0,5 3 Iin = 1 mA 0 2 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 -50 Tc (C) -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc (C) Figure 31. CS_DIS low level voltage Vcsdl (V) 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc (C) Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 23/37 Application information 3 VN5E025AJ-E Application information Figure 32. Application schematic +5V VCC Rprot CS_DIS Dld CU Rprot IINPUT OUTPUT Rprot CURRENT SENSE GND RGND RSENSE VGND Cext 3.1 DGND GND protection network against reverse battery This section provides two solutions for implementing a ground protection network against reverse battery. 3.1.1 Solution 1: resistor in the ground line (RGND only) This can be used with any type of load. The following show how to dimension the RGND resistor: 1. RGND 600mV / (IS(on)max) 2. RGND (-VCC) / (-IGND) where -IGND is the DC reverse ground pin current and can be found in the absolute maximum rating section of the device datasheet. Power dissipation in RGND (when VCC<0 during reverse battery situations) is: PD= (-VCC)2/RGND This resistor can be shared amongst several different HSDs. Please note that the value of this resistor should be calculated with formula (1) where IS(on)max becomes the sum of the maximum on-state currents of the different devices. Please note that, if the microprocessor ground is not shared by the device ground, then the RGND produces a shift (IS(on)max * RGND) in the input thresholds and the status output 24/37 Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 VN5E025AJ-E Application information values. This shift varies depending on how many devices are ON in the case of several high side drivers sharing the same RGND. If the calculated power dissipation requires the use of a large resistor, or several devices have to share the same resistor, then ST suggests using solution 2 below. 3.1.2 Solution 2: diode (DGND) in the ground line Note that a resistor (RGND=1k) should be inserted in parallel to DGND if the device drives an inductive load. This small signal diode can be safely shared amongst several different HSDs. Also in this case, the presence of the ground network produces a shift (600mV) in the input threshold and in the status output values if the microprocessor ground is not common to the device ground. This shift not varies if more than one HSD shares the same diode/resistor network. 3.2 Load dump protection Dld is necessary (Voltage Transient Suppressor) if the load dump peak voltage exceeds the VCC max DC rating. The same applies if the device is subject to transients on the VCC line that are greater than the ones shown in the ISO 7637-2: 2004(E) table. 3.3 MCU I/O protection If a ground protection network is used and negative transients are present on the VCC line, the control pins are pulled negative. ST suggests to insert a resistor (Rprot) in line to prevent the C I/O pins from latching up. The value of these resistors is a compromise between the leakage current of C and the current required by the HSD I/Os (Input levels compatibility) with the latch-up limit of C I/Os: -VCCpeak/Ilatchup Rprot (VOHC-VIH-VGND) / IIHmax Calculation example: For VCCpeak = - 100V and Ilatchup 20mA; VOHC 4.5V 5k Rprot 180k Recommended values: Rprot =10k, CEXT=10nF. Doc ID 13106 Rev 4 25/37 Application information 3.4 VN5E025AJ-E Current sense and diagnostic The current sense pin performs a double function (see Figure 33: Current sense and diagnostic): Current mirror of the load current in normal operation, delivering a current proportional to the load one according to a know ratio KX. The current ISENSE can be easily converted to a voltage VSENSE by means of an external resistor RSENSE. Linearity between IOUT and VSENSE is ensured up to 5V minimum (see parameter VSENSE in Table 9: Current sense (8V VOL max = 4V For the values of VOLmin ,VOLmax, IL(off2)r and IL(off2)f see Table 10: Openload detection (8V