LM4862M/NOPB - NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

LM4862

LM4862 675 mW Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

Literature Number: SNAS102E

LM4862

675 mW Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

General Description

The LM4862 is a bridge-connected audio power amplifier

capable of delivering typically 675mW of continuous average

power to an 8Ωload with 1% THD+N from a 5V power

supply.

Boomer audio power amplifiers were designed specifically to

provide high quality output power with a minimal amount of

external components. Since the LM4862 does not require

output coupling capacitors, bootstrap capacitors, or snubber

networks, it is optimally suited for low-power portable sys-

tems.

The LM4862 features an externally controlled, low-power

consumption shutdown mode, as well as an internal thermal

shutdown protection mechanism.

The unity-gain stable LM4862 can be configured by external

gain-setting resistors.

Key Specifications

nTHD+N for 500mW continuous average

output power at 1kHz into 8Ω1% (max)

nOutput power at 10% THD+N at 1kHz into

8Ω825mW (typ)

nShutdown Current 0.7µA (typ)

Features

nNo output coupling capacitors, bootstrap capacitors or

snubber circuits are necessary

nSmall Outline or DIP packaging

nUnity-gain stable

nExternal gain configuration capability

nPin compatible with LM4861

Applications

nPortable computers

nCellular phones

nToys and games

Typical Application Connection Diagram

Small Outline and DIP Package

01234202

Top View

Order Number LM4862M, LM4862N

See NS Package Number M08A or N08E

Boomer®is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.

01234201

*Refer to the Application Information section for information

concerning proper selection of the input coupling capacitor.

FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit

September 2004

LM4862 675 mW Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 2)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Supply Voltage 6.0V

Storage Temperature −65˚C to +150˚C

Input Voltage −0.3V to V

0.3V

Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally limited

ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) 2000V

ESD Susceptibility (Note 5) 200V

Junction Temperature 150˚C

Soldering Information

Small Outline Package

Vapor Phase (60 sec.) 215˚C

Infrared (15 sec.) 220˚C

See AN-450 “Surface Mounting and their Effects on

Product Reliability” for other methods of soldering surface

mount devices.

Thermal Resistance

(typ) — M08A 35˚C/W

(typ) — M08A 170˚C/W

(typ) — N08E 37˚C/W

(typ) — N08E 107˚C/W

Operating Ratings

Temperature Range

MIN

≤T

MAX

−40˚C ≤T

≤85˚C

Supply Voltage 2.7V ≤V

≤5.5V

Electrical Characteristics(Note 1) (Note 2)

The following specifications apply for V

= 5V unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for T

= 25˚C.

Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4862 Units

(Limits)

Typical Limit

(Note 6) (Note 7)

Supply Voltage 2.7 V (min)

5.5 V (max)

Quiescent Power Supply Current V

= 0V, I

= 0A (Note 8) 3.6 6.0 mA (max)

Shutdown Current V

PIN1

0.7 5 µA (max)

Output Offset Voltage V

= 0V 5 50 mV (max)

Output Power THD = 1% (max);f=1kHz; R

=8Ω675 500 mW (min)

THD+N=10%;f=1kHz; R

=8Ω825 mW

THD + N Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise P

= 500 mWrms; R

=8Ω

=2;20Hz≤f≤20 kHz

0.55 %

PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio V

= 4.9V to 5.1V 50 dB

Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified.

Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is

functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which

guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit

is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance.

Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX,θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum

allowable power dissipation is PDMAX =(T

MAX −T

A)/θJA. For the LM4862, TJMAX = 150˚C. The typical junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, when board mounted,

is 170˚C/W for package number M08A and is 107˚C/W for package number N08E.

Note 4: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩresistor.

Note 5: Machine Model, 200 pF–240 pF discharged through all pins.

Note 6: Typicals are measured at 25˚C and represent the parametric norm.

Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).

Note 8: The quiescent power supply current depends on the offset voltage when a practical load is connected to the amplifier.

LM4862

www.national.com 2

Automatic Switching Circuit

External Components Description

(Figure 1)

Components Functional Description

1. R

Inverting input resistance which sets the closed-loop gain in conjunction with R

. This resistor also forms a

high pass filter with C

at f

= 1/(2πR

2. C

Input coupling capacitor which blocks the DC voltage at the amplifier’s input terminals. Also creates a

highpass filter with R

at f

= 1/(2πR

). Refer to the section, Proper Selection of External Components,

for an explanation of how to determine the value of C

3. R

Feedback resistance which sets the closed-loop gain in conjunction with R

4. C

Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the Power Supply Bypassing

section for proper placement and selection of the supply bypass capacitor.

5. C

Bypass pin capacitor which provides half-supply filtering. Refer to the Proper Selection of External

Components section for proper placement and selection of the half-supply bypass capacitor.

01234221

FIGURE 2. Automatic Switching Circuit

LM4862

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Typical Performance Characteristics

THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Frequency

01234203 01234204

THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Output Power

01234205 01234206

THD+N vs Output Power THD+N vs Output Power

01234207 01234208

LM4862

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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Output Power vs

Supply Voltage

Output Power vs

Supply Voltage

01234209 01234210

Output Power vs

Supply Voltage

Output Power vs

Load Resistance

01234211 01234212

Power Dissipation vs

Output Power Power Derating Curve

01234213 01234214

LM4862

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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Dropout Voltage vs

Power Supply Noise Floor

01234215 01234216

Frequency Response vs

Input Capacitor Size

Power Supply

Rejection Ratio

01234217 01234218

Open Loop

Frequency Response

Supply Current vs

Supply Voltage

01234219 01234220

LM4862

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Application Information

BRIDGE CONFIGURATION EXPLANATION

As shown in Figure 1, the LM4862 has two operational

amplifiers internally, allowing for a few different amplifier

configurations. The first amplifier’s gain is externally config-

urable, while the second amplifier is internally fixed in a

unity-gain, inverting configuration. The closed-loop gain of

the first amplifier is set by selecting the ratio of R

to R

while

the second amplifier’s gain is fixed by the two internal 10 kΩ

resistors. Figure 1 shows that the output of amplifier one

serves as the input to amplifier two which results in both

amplifiers producing signals identical in magnitude, but out

of phase 180˚. Consequently, the differential gain for the IC

= 2*(R

)

By driving the load differentially through outputs V

and V

an amplifier configuration commonly referred to as “bridged

mode” is established. Bridged mode operation is different

from the classical single-ended amplifier configuration where

one side of the load is connected to ground.

A bridge amplifier design has a few distinct advantages over

the single-ended configuration, as it provides differential

drive to the load, thus doubling output swing for a specified

supply voltage. Consequently, four times the output power is

possible as compared to a single-ended amplifier under the

same conditions. This increase in attainable output power

assumes that the amplifier is not current limited or clipped. In

order to choose an amplifier’s closed-loop gain without caus-

ing excessive clipping which will damage high frequency

transducers used in loudspeaker systems, please refer to

the Audio Power Amplifier Design section.

A bridge configuration, such as the one used in LM4862,

also creates a second advantage over single-ended amplifi-

ers. Since the differential outputs, V

and V

, are biased at

half-supply, no net DC voltage exists across the load. This

eliminates the need for an output coupling capacitor which is

required in a single supply, single-ended amplifier configura-

tion. Without an output coupling capacitor, the half-supply

bias across the load would result in both increased internal

lC power dissipation and also permanent loudspeaker dam-

age.

POWER DISSIPATION

Power dissipation is a major concern when designing a

successful amplifier, whether the amplifier is bridged or

single-ended. A direct consequence of the increased power

delivered to the load by a bridge amplifier is an increase in

internal power dissipation. Equation 1 states the maximum

power dissipation point for a bridge amplifier operating at a

given supply voltage and driving a specified output load.

DMAX

= 4*(V

)

/(2π

) (1)

Since the LM4862 has two operational amplifiers in one

package, the maximum internal power dissipation is 4 times

that of a single-ended amplifier. Even with this substantial

increase in power dissipation, the LM4862 does not require

heatsinking. From Equation 1, assuming a 5V power supply

and an 8Ωload, the maximum power dissipation point is

625 mW. The maximum power dissipation point obtained

from Equation 1 must not be greater than the power dissi-

pation that results from Equation 2:

DMAX

=(T

JMAX

–T

)/θ

(2)

For package M08A, θ

= 170˚C/W and for package N08E,

= 107˚C/W. T

JMAX

= 150˚C for the LM4862. Depending

on the ambient temperature, T

, of the system surroundings,

Equation 2 can be used to find the maximum internal power

dissipation supported by the IC packaging. If the result of

Equation 1 is greater than that of equation 2, then either the

supply voltage must be decreased, the load impedance

increased, or the ambient temperature reduced. For the

typical application of a 5V power supply, with an 8Ωload, the

maximum ambient temperature possible without violating the

maximum junction temperature is approximately 44˚C pro-

vided that device operation is around the maximum power

dissipation point. Power dissipation is a function of output

power and thus, if typical operation is not around the maxi-

mum power dissipation point, the ambient temperature can

be increased. Refer to the Typical Performance Charac-

teristics curves for power dissipation information for lower

output powers.

POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING

As with any power amplifier, proper supply bypassing is

critical for low noise performance and high power supply

rejection. The capacitor location on both the bypass and

power supply pins should be as close to the device as

possible. As displayed in the Typical Performance Charac-

teristics section, the effect of a larger half supply bypass

capacitor is improved PSSR due to increased half-supply

stability. Typical applications employ a 5V regulator with 10

µF and a 0.1 µF bypass capacitors which aid in supply

stability, but do not eliminate the need for bypassing the

supply nodes of the LM4862. The selection of bypass ca-

pacitors, especially C

, is thus dependant upon desired

PSSR requirements, click and pop performance as ex-

plained in the section, Proper Selection of External Com-

ponents, system cost, and size constraints.

SHUTDOWN FUNCTION

In order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the

LM4862 contains a shutdown pin to externally turn off the

amplifier’s bias circuitry. The shutdown feature turns the

amplifier off when a logic high is placed on the shutdown pin.

The trigger point between a logic low and logic high level is

typically half supply. It is best to switch between ground and

supply to provide maximum device performance. By switch-

ing the shutdown pin to V

, the LM4862 supply current

draw will be minimized in idle mode. While the device will be

disabled with shutdown pin voltages less than V

, the idle

current may be greater than the typical value of 0.7 µA. In

either case, the shutdown pin should be tied to a definite

voltage because leaving the pin floating may result in an

unwanted shutdown condition.

In many applications, a microcontroller or microprocessor

output is used to control the shutdown circuitry which pro-

vides a quick, smooth transition into shutdown. Another so-

lution is to use a single-pole, single-throw switch that when

closed, is connected to ground and enables the amplifier. If

the switch is open, then a soft pull-up resistor of 47 kΩwill

disable the LM4862. There are no soft pull-down resistors

inside the LM4862, so a definite shutdown pin voltage must

be applied externally, or the internal logic gate will be left

floating which could disable the amplifier unexpectedly.

LM4862

www.national.com7

Application Information (Continued)

AUTOMATIC SWITCHING CIRCUIT

As shown in Figure 2, the LM4862 and the LM4880 can be

set up to automatically switch on and off depending on

whether headphones are plugged in. The LM4880 is used to

drive a stereo single ended load, while the LM4862 drives a

bridged internal speaker.

The Automatic Switching Circuit is based upon a single

control pin common in many headphone jacks which forms a

normally closed switch with one of the output pins. The

output of this circuit (the voltage on pin 5 of the LM4880) has

two states based on the position of the switch. When the

switch inside the headphone jack is open, the LM4880 is

enabled and the LM4862 is disabled since the NMOS in-

verter is on. If a headphone jack is not present, it is assumed

that the internal speakers should be on and the external

speakers should be off. Thus the voltage on the LM4862

shutdown pin is low and the voltage on the LM4880 shut-

down pin is high.

The operation of this circuit is rather simple. With the switch

closed, R

and R

form a resistor divider which produces a

gate voltage of less than 50 mV. The gate voltage keeps the

NMOS inverter off and R

pulls the shutdown pin of the

LM4880 to the supply voltage. This shuts down the LM4880

and places the LM4862 in its normal mode of operation.

When the switch is open, the opposite condition is produced.

Resistor R

pulls the gate of the NMOS high which turns on

the inverter and produces a logic low signal on the shutdown

pin of the LM4880. This state enables the LM4880 and

places the LM4862 in shutdown mode.

Only one channel of this circuit is shown in Figure 2 to keep

the drawing simple but a typical application would be a

LM4880 driving a stereo headphone jack and two LM4862’s

driving a pair of internal speakers. If a single internal speaker

is required, one LM4862 can be used as a summer to mix

the left and right inputs into a mono channel.

PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS

Proper selection of external components in applications us-

ing integrated power amplifiers is critical to optimize device

and system performance. While the LM4862 is tolerant of

external component combinations, consideration to compo-

nent values must be used to maximize overall system qual-

ity.

The LM4862 is unity-gain stable which gives a designer

maximum system flexibility. The LM4862 should be used in

low gain configurations to minimize THD+N values, and

maximize the signal to noise ratio. Low gain configurations

require large input signals to obtain a given output power.

Input signals equal to or greater than 1 Vrms are available

from sources such as audio codecs. Please refer to the

section, Audio Power Amplifier Design , for a more com-

plete explanation of proper gain selection.

Besides gain, one of the major considerations is the closed-

loop bandwidth of the amplifier. To a large extent, the band-

width is dictated by the choice of external components

shown in Figure 1. The input coupling capacitor, C

, forms a

first order high pass filter which limits low frequency re-

sponse. This value should be chosen based on needed

frequency response for a few distinct reasons.

Selection of Input Capacitor Size

Large input capacitors are both expensive and space hungry

for portable designs. Clearly, a certain sized capacitor is

needed to couple in low frequencies without severe attenu-

ation. But in many cases the speakers used in portable

systems, whether internal or external, have little ability to

reproduce signals below 100–150 Hz. Thus using a large

input capacitor may not increase system performance.

In addition to system cost and size, click and pop perfor-

mance is effected by the size of the input coupling capacitor,

. A larger input coupling capacitor requires more charge to

reach its quiescent DC voltage (nominally

⁄

). This

charge comes from the output via the feedback and is apt to

create pops upon device enable. Thus, by minimizing the

capacitor size based on necessary low frequency response,

turn-on pops can be minimized.

Besides minimizing the input capacitor size, careful consid-

eration should be paid to the bypass capacitor value. Bypass

capacitor, C

, is the most critical component to minimize

turn-on pops since it determines how fast the LM4862 turns

on. The slower the LM4862’s outputs ramp to their quiescent

DC voltage (nominally

⁄

), the smaller the turn-on pop.

Choosing C

equal to 1.0 µF along with a small value of C

(in the range of 0.1 µF to 0.39 µF), should produce a virtually

clickless and popless shutdown function. While the device

will function properly, (no oscillations or motorboating), with

equal to 0.1 µF, the device will be much more susceptible

to turn-on clicks and pops. Thus, a value of C

equal to

1.0 µF or larger is recommended in all but the most cost

sensitive designs.

AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN

Design a 500 mW/8ΩAudio Amplifier

Given:

Power Output 500 mWrms

Load Impedance 8Ω

Input Level 1 Vrms

Input Impedance 20 kΩ

Bandwidth 100 Hz–20 kHz ±0.25 dB

A designer must first determine the minimum supply rail to

obtain the specified output power. By extrapolating from the

Output Power vs Supply Voltage graphs in the Typical Per-

formance Characteristics section, the supply rail can be

easily found. A second way to determine the minimum sup-

ply rail is to calculate the required V

opeak

using equation 3

and add the dropout voltage. Using this method, the mini-

mum supply voltage would be (V

opeak

+ (2*V

)), where V

is extrapolated from the Dropout Voltage vs Supply Voltage

curve in the Typical Performance Characteristics section.

(3)

Using the Output Power vs Supply Voltage graph for an 8Ω

load, the minimum supply rail is 4.3V. But since 5V is a

standard supply voltage in most applications, it is chosen for

the supply rail. Extra supply voltage creates headroom that

allows the LM4862 to reproduce peaks in excess of 500 mW

without clipping the signal. At this time, the designer must

make sure that the power supply choice along with the

output impedance does not violate the conditions explained

in the Power Dissipation section.

LM4862

www.national.com 8

Application Information (Continued)

Once the power dissipation equations have been addressed,

the required differential gain can be determined from Equa-

tion 4.

(4)

/2 (5)

From Equation 4, the minimum A

is 2; use A

=2.

Since the desired input impedance was 20 kΩ, and with a

of 2, a ratio of 1:1 of R

to R

results in an allocation of R

=20kΩ. The final design step is to address the

bandwidth requirements which must be stated as a pair of −3

dB frequency points. Five times away from a –3 dB point is

0.17 dB down from passband response which is better than

the required ±0.25 dB specified. This fact results in a low

and high frequency pole of 20 Hz and 100 kHz respectively.

As stated in the External Components section, R

in con-

junction with C

create a highpass filter.

≥1/(2π*20 kΩ*20 Hz) = 0.397 µF; use 0.39 µF.

The high frequency pole is determined by the product of the

desired high frequency pole, f

, and the differential gain,

. With an A

= 2 and f

= 100 kHz, the resulting GBWP

= 100 kHz which is much smaller than the LM4862 GBWP of

12.5 MHz. This figure displays that if a designer has a need

to design an amplifier with a higher differential gain, the

LM4862 can still be used without running into bandwidth

problems.

LM4862

www.national.com9

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)

unless otherwise noted

8-Lead (0.150" Wide) Molded Small Outline Package, JEDEC

Order Number LM4862M

NS Package Number M08A

LM4862

www.national.com 10

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)

8-Lead (0.300" Wide) Molded Dual-In-Line Package

Order Number LM4862N

NS Package Number N08E

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www.national.com

LM4862 675 mW Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.

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