AIC1550
Low-Noise Synchronous PWM Step-Down
DC/DC Converter
FEATURES
95% Efficiency or up
800mA Guaranteed Output Current.
Adjustable Output Voltage from 0.75V to VIN
of a range from +2.5V to 6.5V.
Very Low Quiescent Current: 35µA (Typ.).
Fixed- 500KHz or Adjustable Frequency
Synchronous PWM Operation.
Synchronizable external Switching
Frequency up to 1MHz.
Accurate Reference: 0.75V (±2%).
100% Duty Cycle in Dropout.
Low Profile 8-Pin MSOP Package.
APPLICATIONS
PDAs.
Digital Still Cameras.
Handy-Terminals.
Cellular Phones.
CPU I/O Supplies.
Cordless Phones.
Notebook Chipset Supplies.
Battery-Operated Devices (4 NiMH/ NiCd or 1
Li-ion Cells).
DESCRIPTION
The AIC1550 is a low-noise pulse-width-
modulated (PWM) DC-DC step-down converter.
It powers logic circuits in PDAs and small
wireless systems such as cellular phones,
handy-terminals.
The device features an internal synchronous
rectifier for high conversion efficiency. Excellent
noise characteristics and fixed-frequency
operation provide easy post-filtering. The
AIC1550 is ideally suited for Li-ion battery
applications. It is also suitable for +3V or +5V
fixed input applications. The device can operate
in either one of the following four modes.
(1) Forced PWM mode operates at a
fixed frequency regardless of the
load.
(2) Synchronizable PWM mode
allows the synchronization by
using an external switching
frequency with a minimum
harmonics.
(3) PWM/PFM Mode extends battery
life by switching to a PFM pulse-
skipping mode under light loads.
(4) Shutdown mode sets device to
standby, reducing supply current
to 0.1µA or under.
The AIC1550 can deliver over 800mA output
current. The output voltage can be adjusted
from 0.75V to VIN ranging from +2.5V to +6.5V.
Other features of the AIC1550 include low
quiescent current, low dropout voltage, and a
0.75V reference of ±2% accuracy. It is available
in a space-saving 8-pin MSOP package.
Analog Integrations Corporation Si-Soft Research Center DS-1550P-04 010405
3A1, No.1, Li-Hsin Rd. I , Science Park , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan , R.O.C.
TEL: 886-3-5772500 FAX: 886-3-5772510 www.analog.com.tw 1
AIC1550
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
SS12
*
R2
560K
R1
820K
L1
6.8µH
CO
22µF
CIN
22µF
CF
12P
CBP
0.1µF
L
X
BP
SYNC
/
MODE
FB RT Optional
VOUT = 1.8V
IN= 2.5V to 6.5V
SHDN
AIC1550
GND
VIN
BP
1
2
3
45
6
7
8
* Note: Efficiency can boost 2% to 4% if D1 is connected.
CIN: TAIYO YUDEN LMK316F226ZL-T Ceramic capacitor
CO1: TAIYO YUDEN LMK316F226ZL-T Ceramic capacitor
L1: TDK SLF6025-6R8M1R3
D1: GS SS12
D1
V
ORDERING INFORMATION
PACKING TYPE
TR: TAPE & REEL
TB: TUBE
PACKAGING TYPE
O:MSOP8
C: Commercial Degree
P: Lead Free
PIN CONFIGURATION
TOP VIEW
A
IC1550XXXX
SYNC/MODE
LX
GND
RT
SHDN
BP
FB
VIN 1
3
4
2
8
6
5
7
Example: AIC1550COTR
In MSOP Package & Taping &
Reel Packing Type
AIC1550POTR
In MSOP Lead Free Package &
Taping & Reel Packing Type
2
AIC1550
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VIN, BP, SHDN, SYNC/MODE, RT to GND -0.3 to +7V
BP to VIN .-0.3 to 0.3V
LX to GND -0.3 ~ (VIN+0.3V)
FB to GND -0.3 ~ (VBP+0.3V)
Operating Temperature Range -40°C ~ 85°C
Junction Temperatrue 125°C
Storage Temperature Range - 65°C ~ 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering. 10 sec) 260°C
Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be
Impaired.
TEST CIRCUIT
Refer to Typical Application Circuit.
3
AIC1550
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN=+3.6V, TA=+25°C, SYNC/MODE =GND, SHDN =IN, unless otherwise specified.) (Note1)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Input Voltage Range VIN 2.5 6.5 V
Output Adjustment Range VOUT V
REF V
IN V
Feedback Voltage VFB 0.735 0.75 0.765 V
Line Regulation Duty Cycle = 100% to 23% +1 %
Load Regulation
I
OUT = 0 to 800mA -1.3 %
FB Input Current IFB V
FB = 1.4V, -50 0.01 50 nA
VIN = 3.6V 0.32 0.65
P-Channel On-Resistance PRDS(ON) I
LX = 100mA VIN = 2.5V 0.38
VIN = 3.6V 0.32 0.65
N-Channel On-Resistance NRDS(ON) I
LX = 100mA VIN = 2.5V 0.38
P-Channel Current-Limit
Threshold (Note 2) 1 1.5 2.1 A
Quiescent Current SYNC/MODE = GND,
VFB = 1.4V, LX unconnected 35 70 µA
Shutdown Supply Current SHDN = LX = GND, includes LX
leakage current 0.1 1 µA
LX Leakage Current VIN = 5.5V, VLX = 0 or 5.5V -20 0.1 20 µA
Oscillator Frequency fOSC 400 500 600 KHz
SYNC Capture Range 500 1000 KHz
Maximum Duty Cycle dutyMAX 100 %
Undervoltage Lockout
Threshold UVLO VIN rising, typical hysteresis is
85mV 1.9 2.0 2.1 V
Logic Input High VIH SHDN , SYNC/MODE, LIM 2 V
Logic Input Low VIL SHDN , SYNC/MODE, LIM 0.4 V
Logic Input Current SHDN , SYNC/MODE, LIM -1 0.1 1 µA
SYNC/MODE Minimum
Pulse Width High or low 500 nS
Note 1: Specifications are production tested at TA=25°C. Specifications over the -40°C to 85°C operating
temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with Statistical
Quality Controls (SQC).
Note 2: Maximum specification is guaranteed by design, not production tested.
4
AIC1550
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
(TA=25oC, VIN=3.6V, SYNC/MODE=GND, with Schottky diode D1, unless otherwise noted.)
Efficiency (%)
Fig. 1 Load Current vs. Efficiency (VOUT=1.2V)
(Refer to typical application circuit)
Load Current (mA)
0.1 1 10 100 1000
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
VIN=2.1V
VIN=2.3V
VIN=5.0V VIN=6.5V
VOUT=1.2V
Efficiency (%)
Fig. 2 Load Current vs. Efficiency (VOUT=1.5V)
(Refer to typical application circuit)
(R f t t i l li ti i it)
0.1 110 100 1000
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Load Current (mA)
VIN=2.1V
VIN=3.3V
VIN=5.0V VIN=6.5V
VOUT=1.5V
0.1 1 10 100 1000
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Load Current (mA)
Efficiency (%)
Fig. 3 Load Current vs. Efficiency (VOUT=1.8V)
(Refer to typical application circuit)
VIN=2.1V
VIN=3.3V
VIN=5.0V
VIN=6.5V
VOUT=1.8V
0.1 110 100 1000
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Load Current (mA)
Efficiency (%)
Fig. 4 Load Current vs. Efficiency (VOUT=2.5V)
(Refer to typical application circuit)
VIN=5.0V
VIN=6.5V
VIN=3.3V
VOUT=2.5V
Efficiency (%)
Fig. 5 Load Current vs. Efficiency (VOUT=3.0V)
(Refer to typical application circuit)
0.1 1 10 100 1000
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Load Current (mA)
VIN=3.6V
VOUT=3.0V
VIN=4.2V
0.1 110 100 1000
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Load Current (mA)
Efficiency (%)
Fig. 6 Load Current vs. Efficiency (VOUT=3.3V)
(Refer to typical application circuit)
VOUT=3.3V
VIN=6.5V
VIN=5.0V
VIN=4.2V
VIN=3.6V
5
AIC1550
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Fig. 7 Load Current vs. Efficiency (W/ or W/O Schottky Diode)
Efficiency (%)
Load Current (mA)
0.1 1 10 100 1000
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Wo/ Schottky Diode
W/ Schottky Diode
SYNC= GND
SYNC= VIN
VOUT=3.0V
Reference Voltage (V)
Temperature (°C)
-50 -25 025 50 75 100 125
0.725
0.730
0.735
0.740
0.745
0.750
0.755
0.760
0.765
VIN=3.6V
Fig. 8 Reference Voltage vs. Temperature
Frequency (KHz)
Fig. 9 Oscillator Frequency vs. Temperature
Temperature (°C)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
VIN=3.6V
Frequency (KHz)
Fig. 10 Frequency vs. Input Voltage
Supply Voltage (V)
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
RDSON (m)
Fig. 11 RDSON vs. Supply Voltage
Supply Voltage (V)
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.44
Main Switch
Synchronous Switch
Output Voltage (V)
Fig. 12 Output Voltage vs. Load Current
Load Current (mA)
110 100 1000
1.72
1.74
1.76
1.78
1.80
1.82
VIN=3.6V
6
AIC1550
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
DC Supply Current (μA)
Fig. 13 DC Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
Supply Voltage (V)
VOUT=1.8V
SYNC/PWM=GND
SYNC/PWM=IN
Efficiency (%)
Fig. 14 Efficiency vs. Load current
Load current (mA)
0.1 110 100 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
PWM
PWM/PFM
VIN=3.6V
VOUT=1.8V
Operation Frequency (KHz)
Fig. 15 Operation Frequency vs. Tuning Resistor
Tuning Resistor RT (k)
1000
1500
2250 2000 1750 1250 750 500 250
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Fig. 16 Start-up from Shutdown, RLOAD=3
Fig. 17 Load Transient Response
VOUT=1.8V;
ILOAD=50mA to 500mA;
SYNC/MODE=IN
VOUT=1.8V;
ILOAD=50mA to 500mA;
SYNC/MODE=GND
Fig. 18 Load Transient Response
7
AIC1550
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Fig. 19 Line Transient Response
VIN=3.3V to 5V, IOUT=1.8V;
ILOAD=200mA to 500mA;
SYNC/MODE=IN
Fig. 20 Short Circuits Protection
Fig. 21 Switching Waveform
VIN=3.6V; VOUT=1.8V;
ILOAD=500mA
SYNC/MODE=IN
Fig. 22 Output Ripple voltage
VOUT
VIN=3.6V, VOUT=1.8V, ILOAD=800mA
VLX
8
AIC1550
BLOCK DIAGRAM
10
Q3
5
VIN
REF
FB
REF
REF
GND
LX
SHDN
BP
Chip Supply
Control Logic
Selection
Frequency
SYNC
RT
Oscillator
500KHz
+
-
Compensation
Slope
Current Limit
Com
p
arator
Current AMP.+
-
X 5
0.75V
REF
Zero Cross
Com
p
arator
Comparator
Anti-
Shoot-
Through
+
-
+
-
VIN
Control
PWM/PFM
PFM +
-
Comparator
PWM
A
MP.
Error
+
-
Phase
Compensation
FB
Q1
x1
Q2
X20
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
PIN 1: VIN- Supply Voltage Input ranging from
+2.5V to +6.5V. Bypass with a
22µF capacitor.
PIN 6: SYNC/MODE-
Oscillator Sync and Low-Noise,
Mode-Control Input.
PIN 2: BP- Supply Bypass Pin internally
connecting to VIN. Bypass with a
0.1µF capacitor.
SYNC/MODE = VIN (Forced
PWM Mode)
SYNC/MODE = GND (PWM/PFM
Mode)
PIN 3: SHDN - Active-Low, Shutdown-Control
Input reducing supply current to
0.1µA in shutdown mode.
An external clock signal
connecting to this pin allows LX
switching synchronization.
PIN 4: FB- Feedback Input.
PIN 7: GND- Ground.
PIN 5: RT- Frequency Adjustable Pin
connecting to GND through a
resistor to increase frequency.
(Refer to Fig. 15)
PIN 8: LX- Inductor connecting to the Drains
of the Internal Power MOSFETs
9
AIC1550
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Introduction
AIC1550 is a low-noise, pulse-width-modulated
(PWM), DC-DC step-down converter. It features
an internal synchronous rectifier, which eliminates
external Schottky diode. AIC1550 is suitable for
Li-lon battery applications, or can be used at 3V
or 5V fixed input voltage. It operates in one of
following four modes.
(1) Forced PWM mode operates at a
fixed frequency regardless of the
load.
(2) Synchronizable PWM mode allows
the synchronization by using an
external switching frequency with a
minimum harmonics.
(3) PWM/PFM Mode extends battery
life by switching to a PFM pulse-
skipping mode under light loads.
(4) Shutdown mode sets device to
standby, reducing supply current to
0.1µA or under.
Continuous output current of AIC1550 can be
upward to 800mA and output voltage can be
adjusted from 0.75V to VIN with an input range
from 2.5V to 6.5V by a voltage divider. AIC1550
also features high efficiency, low dropout voltage,
and a 0.75V reference with ±2% accuracy. It is
available in a space-saving 8-pin MSOP package.
Operation
When power on, control logic block detects
SYNC/MODE pin connecting to VIN or GND to
determine operation function and gives a signal to
PWM/PFM control block to determine the proper
comparator (ref. Block Diagram). AIC1550 works
with an internal synchronous rectifier Q3, to
increase efficiency. When control logic block turns
Q2 on, Q3 will turn off through anti-short-through
block. Similarly, when Q3 is on, Q2 will turn off.
AIC1550 provides current limit function by using a
5 resistor. When Q1 turns on, current follows
through the 5 resistor. And current amplifier
senses the voltage, which crosses the resistor,
and amplifies it. When the sensed voltage gets
bigger than reference voltage, control logic shuts
the device off.
PWM/PFM Function
When connecting SYNC/MODE pin to VIN, the
device is forced into PWM (Pulse-Width-
Modulated) mode with constant frequency.
Advantage of constant frequency is easily
reducing noise without complex post-filter. But its
disadvantage is low efficiency at light loading.
Therefore, AIC1550 provides a function to solve
this problem. When connecting SYNC/MODE pin
to GND, device is able to get into PWM/PFM
(Pulse-Frequency-Modulated) modes. Under a
light loading condition, the device turns to PFM
mode, which results in a higher efficiency. PWM
mode is on when heavy loading applies and the
noise is reduced.
Frequency Synchronization
Connecting an external clock signal to
SNYC/MODE pin can control switching frequency.
The acceptable range is from 500kHz to 1MHz.
This mode exhibits low output ripple as well as
low audio noise and reduces RF interference
while providing reasonable low current efficiency.
10
AIC1550
11
100% Duty Cycle Operation
0.272
OUT
V
Ma2
OUT
V
L1 ×
=
×
> (2)
When the input voltage approaches the output
voltage, the converter continuously turns Q2 on.
In this mode, the output voltage is equal to the
input voltage minus the voltage, which is the drop
across Q2.
Note that output voltage can be defined according
to user’s requirement to get a suitable inductor
value.
If input voltage is very close to output voltage, the
switching mode goes from pure PWM mode to
100% duty cycle operation. During this transient
state mentioned above, large output ripple voltage
will appear on output terminal.
Output Capacitor
The selection of output capacitor depends on the
suitable ripple voltage. Lower ripple voltage
corresponds to lower ESR (Equivalent Series
Resistor) of output capacitor. Typically, once the
ESR is satisfied with the ripple voltage, the value
of capacitor is adequate for filtering. The formula
of ripple voltage is as below:
Components Selection
Inductor
+=
OUT
LOUT fC8
1
ESRIV (3)
The inductor selection depends on the operating
frequency of AIC1550. The internal switching
frequency is 500KHz, and the external
synchronized frequency ranges from 500KHz to
1MHz. A higher frequency allows the uses of
smaller inductor and capacitor values. But, higher
frequency results lower efficiency due to the
internal switching loss.
Besides, in buck converter architecture frequency
stands at 1/(LC) when a double pole formed by
the inductor and output capcitor occurs. This will
reduce phase margin of circuit so that the stability
gets weakened. Therefore, a feedforward
capacitor that is parallel with R1 can be added to
reduce output ripple voltage and increase circuit
stability. The output capacitor can be calculated
as the following formula.
The ripple current IL interrelates with the
inductor value. A lower inductor value gets a
higher ripple current. Besides, a higher VIN or
VOUT can also get the same result. The inductor
value can be calculated as the following formula.
()( )
=
IN
OUT
OUT
LV
V
1V
If
1
L (1)
CFR1
1
O
CL1
1
×
× (4)
For more reduction in the ripple voltage, a 12pF
ceramic capacitor, which is parallel with output
capacitor, is used.
Users can define the acceptable IL to gain a
suitable inductor value.
Since AIC1550 can be used in ceramic capacitor
application, the component selection will be
different from the one for the application above.
AIC1550 has a built-in slope compensation, which
acitvates when duty cycle is larger than 0.45. The
slope Ma, 0.27V/μs, has to be larger than half of
M2. M2 is equal to output voltage divided by L1.
The formula of inductor is shown as below:
External Schottky Diode
AIC1550 has an internal synchronous rectifier,
instead of Schottky diode in buck converter.
However, a blank time, which is an interval when
both of main switch, Q2, and synchronous rectifier,
Q3, are off; occurs at each switching cycle. At the
moment, AIC1550 has a decreasing efficiency.
Therefore, an external Schottky diode is needed
to reinforce the efficiency.
AIC1550
5. The FB pin should connect to feedback
resistors directly. And the route should be
away from the noise source, such as inductor
of LX line.
Since the diode conducts during the off time, the
peak current and voltage of converter is not
allowed to exceed the diode ratings. The ratings
of diode can be calculated by the following
formulas:
IN)OFF(MAX,D VV = (5)
)ON(MAX,D
I 2
I
IL
MAX,OUT
+= (6)
)ON(AVG,D
I
OUTOUTINOUT IDIII ×==
(7)
OUT
ID)(1 ×=
6. Grounding all components at the same point
may effectively reduce the occurrence of loop.
A stability ground plane is very important for
gaining higher efficiency. When a ground
plane is cut apart, it may cause disturbed
signal and noise. If possible, two or three
through-holes can ensure the stability of
grounding. Fig.24 to 27 show the layout
diagrams of AIC1550.
Adjustable Output Voltage
AIC1550 appears a 0.75V reference voltage at FB
pin. Output voltage, ranging from 0.75V to VIN,
can be set by connecting two external resistors,
R1 and R2. VOUT can be calculated as:
Example
Here are two examples to prove the components
selector guide above.
)
2R
1R
1(V75.0VOUT +×= (8)
1. Tantalum capacitors application:
Assume AIC1550 is used for mobile phone
application, which uses 1-cell Li-ion battery with
2.7V to 4.2V input voltage for power source. The
required load current is 800mA, and the output
voltage is 1.8V. Substituting VOUT=1.8V, VIN=4.2V,
I=250mA, and f=500KHz to equation (1)
Applying a 12pF capacitor parallel with R1 can
prevent stray pickup. They should sit as close to
AIC1550 as possible. But load transient response
is degraded by this capacitor.
H23.8
V2.4
V8.1
1
mA250KHz500
V8.1
Lµ=
×
=
Layout Consideration
To ensure a proper operation of AIC1550, the
following points should be given attention to: Therefore, 10µH is proper for the inductor. And
the inductor of series number SLF6025-100M1R0
from TDK with 57.3m series resistor is
recommended for the best efficiency.
1. Input capacitor and Vin should be placed as
close as possible to each other to reduce the
input ripple voltage.
For output capacitor, the ESR is more important
than its capacity. Assuming ripple voltage
V=100mV, then the ESR can be calculated as:
2. The output loop, which is consisted of
inductor, Schottky diode and output capacitor,
should be kept as small as possible.
==
=4.0
mA250
mV100
I
V
ESR
3. The routes with large current should be kept
short and wide.
Therefore, a 33µH/10V capacitor, MCM series
from NIPPON, is recommend.
4. Logically the large current on the converter,
when AIC1550 is on or off, should flow at the
same direction. Schottky selection is calculated as following.
V2.4VV IN)OFF(MAX,D
=
=
12
AIC1550
13
)ON(MAX,D
I 2
I
IL
MAX,OUT
+= VOUT is substituted by 1.8V in equation (2) as
H3.33
0.54
1.8
0.54
OUT
V
L1
µ
==>
2
mA250
mA800 +=
mA925= Let L1 = 6.8µH, and choose CF = 12pF, R1 =
820k.
)ON(avg,D
I
OUT
I)D1( ×=
Co calculated by the following formula can
improve circuit stability.
mA800)
2.4
8.1
1( ×=
mA14.457=
CFR1
1
O
CL1
1
×
×
According the datas above, the Schottky diode,
SS12, from GS is recommend. Therefore,
For feedback resistors, choose R2=390k and R1
can be calculated as follow:
()()
F12
6.8µ.
2
12pF820k
L1
2
CFR1
O
C
µ
=
×
=
×
=
=×
= k546k3901
75.0
V8.1
1R ; use 560k
Say, CO is 22µF. Then, R2 can be decided by
equation (8) as
Fig. 22 shows the application circuit of AIC1550,
and Fig. 23 to 26 show the layout diagrams of it.
1.41
0.75
1.8
1
ref
V
OUT
V
R2
R1 ===
2. Ceramic capacitors application:
So, R2 = 560k.
Of the same AIC1550 application above, except
for ceramic capacitor used, Co, R1, and R2 can
be calculated as following formulas. And the same
values of load current and output voltage at
800mA and 1.8V respectively are used.
Note: Schottky diode, SS12 from GS, is still
required in this application.
SS12
**
R2
390K
R1
560K
L1
10µF
+
*CO1
33µF
+ CIN
10µF
CF
10P
*CO2
4.7µF
CBP
0.1µF
L
X
BP
SYNC
/
MODE
FB RT Optional
VOUT = 1.8V
VIN= 2.5V to 6.5V
SHDN
AIC1550
GND
VIN
BP
1
2
3
45
6
7
8
* Note: CO1 can be omitted if CO2 in 10µF Ceramic
** Note: Efficiency can boost 2% to 4% if D1 is connected.
CIN: NIPPON 10µF/6V Tantalum capacitor
CO1: NIPPON 33µF/6V Tantalum capacitor
L: TDK SLF6025-100M1R0
D1: GS SS12
D1
Fig. 23 AIC1550 Application Circuit (Tantalum capacitor application)
AIC1550
14
Fig. 24 Top Layer Fig. 25 Bottom Layer
Fig. 26 Top Over Layer Fig. 27 Bottom Over Layer
AIC1550
15
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS (unit: mm)
MSOP 8
A
A1 A2
0.25
SECTION A-A
BASE METAL
WITH PLATING
b
c
E
D
A
e
A
E1
SEE VIEW B
e
θ
L
c
E
E1
D
A2
b
A1
0.65 BSC
0.40
0.70
4.90 BSC
0.13
2.90
2.90
0.75
0.25
0.05
0.23
3.10
3.10
0.95
0.40
0.15
S
Y
M
B
O
L
A
MSOP-8
MILLIMETERS
MIN.
1.10
MAX.
θ
L
VIEW B
Note:
Information provided by AIC is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, we cannot assume responsibility for use of any
circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in an AIC product; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third
parties that may result from its use. We reserve the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice.
Life Support Policy: AIC does not authorize any AIC product for use in life support devices and/or systems. Life support devices
or systems are devices or systems which, (I) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (ii) support or sustain life, and
whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably
expected to result in a significant injury to the user.