ADP5350 Data Sheet
Rev. B | Page 22 of 63
CHARGER MODES
Input Current Limit
The ADP5350 features a programmable input current limit,
from 100 mA to 1500 mA, via the ILIM[3:0] I2C bits, which
ensures compatibility with the USB limits requirements listed in
Table 11. The current limit defaults to 100 mA to allow
compatibility with a USB host or hub that is not configured.
This input current limit resets to the 100 mA default value
during every power cycle on VBUSx to protect the USB port.
When the input current limit feature is used, the available input
current may be too low for the charger to meet the programmed
charging current, ICHG, and the rate of charge is reduced. In this
case, the VBUS_ILIM flag is set.
When connecting an improper voltage level to VBUSx, the dc-
to-dc regulator shuts down, the ISOFET turns on, and the high
voltage blocking part is in a state wherein it draws only 1.3 mA
(typical) of current until VVBUSx reaches the VVBUS_OV_FALL level.
The ADP5350 always monitors the VVBUSx voltage when there is
a proper USB power connection. The VBUSOK bit, Bit 3 in
Register 0x36, indicates whether the VVBUSx voltage is within
VVBUS_OV and VVBUSOK, which can be programmed to be masked
to the PGOOD pin via the VBUSOK_MASK bit in Register 0x37.
The default setting of the VBUSOK_MASK is programmed via a
factory fuse trim.
Trickle Charge Mode
A deeply discharged Li-Ion cell may exhibit a very low cell
voltage, making it unsafe to charge the cell at high current rates.
The ADP5350 charger uses a trickle charge mode to reset the
battery pack protection circuit and lift the cell voltage to a safe level
for fast charging. A cell with a voltage below VTRK_DEAD is
charged with the trickle mode current, ITRK_DEAD. During trickle
charge mode, the CHARGER_STATUS[3:0] bits are set.
During trickle charging, the ISOS node is regulated to VISOS_TRK
by the dc-to-dc regulator and the battery isolation FET is off,
which means the battery is isolated from the system power supply.
The enable of the trickle charging function is controlled via the
I2C EN_TRK bit.
Trickle Charge Mode Timer
The duration of trickle charge mode is monitored to ensure the
battery is revived from its deeply discharged state. If trickle
charge mode runs for longer than 60 minutes without the cell
voltage reaching VTRK_DEAD, a fault condition is assumed and the
charging stops. The battery isolation FET turns on and the dc-
to-dc regulator stops working. The fault condition is asserted in
the CHARGER_STATUS register, allowing the user to initiate
the fault recovery procedure specified in the Fault Recovery
section.
Weak Charge Mode (Constant Current)
When the battery voltage exceeds VTRK_DEAD but is less than VWEAK,
the charger switches to weak charge mode and the ISOS node is
regulated to VISOS_FC by turning on the battery isolation FET.
In weak charge mode, the battery charges with the programmed
ICHG current from the ISOS node through the isolation FET and
trickle charge current, ITRK_DEAD. Due to the VBUSx input current
limit, the real ICHG charge current from the ISOS node may be less
than the programmed value. The system load can also share the
current from the ISOS node. However, the trickle charge current,
ITRK_DEAD, remains on to charge the battery in weak charge mode.
Fast Charge Mode (Constant Current)
When the battery voltage exceeds VTRK_DEAD and VWEAK, the
charger switches to fast charge mode, charging the battery with
the constant current, ICHG. During fast charge mode (CC), the
CHARGER_STATUS[3:0] bits are set.
During CC mode, other features may prevent the current, ICHG,
from reaching its full programmed value. Isothermal charging
mode or input current limiting for USB compatibility may affect
the value of ICHG under certain operating conditions. The
voltage on ISOS is regulated to stay at VISOS_FC by the battery
isolation FET when VISOB < VISOS_FC.
Fast Charge Mode (Constant Voltage)
As the battery charges, its voltage rises and approaches the termi-
nation voltage, VTRM. The ADP5350 charger monitors the voltage
on the BSNS pin to determine when charging ends. However,
the internal ESR of the battery pack combined with PCB and
other parasitic series resistances creates a voltage drop between
the sense point at the BSNS pin and the cell terminal itself. To
compensate for this and ensure a fully charged cell, the ADP5350
enters a constant voltage charge mode when the BSNS voltage
reaches the termination voltage. The ADP5350 reduces charge
current gradually as the cell continues to charge, maintaining a
voltage of VTRM on the BSNS pin. During fast charge mode
(constant voltage), the CHARGER_STATUS[3:0] bits are set.
Fast Charge Mode Timer
The duration of fast charge mode is monitored to ensure that
the battery is charging correctly. If the fast charge mode runs for
longer than tCHG without the voltage at the BSNS pin reaching
VTRM, a fault condition is assumed and charging stops. The battery
isolation FET remains on, and the dc-to-dc regulator shuts down.
The fault condition is asserted on the CHARGER_STATUS reg-
ister, allowing the user to initiate the fault recovery procedure
specified in the Fault Recovery section.
If the fast charge mode runs for longer than tCHG, and VTRM is
reached on the BSNS pin but the charge current is not yet below
IEND, charging stops by turning the battery isolation FET off, but
the system voltage is maintained at VISOS_TRK by the dc-to-dc
regulator. No fault condition is asserted in this circumstance,
and the ADP5350 transitions to charge complete status.