1243-Type - Agere Systems, Inc.

W3011

1 GHz Quadrature Modulator

Data Sheet

September 1999

Features

+ Guaranteed performance at 2.7 V power supply

+ Output power of 3 dBm into 50 Ω load (single-

ended) with 3 V operation

+ Direct RF modulation with or without offset mixer

+ Automatic power control (APC) capability

+ Accurate 90° phase shifter for carrier

+ Double-balanced active mixers minimize carrier

feedthrough (origin offset)

+ Low-current sleep mode

Applications

+ PDC 800 and American digital cellular mobile

terminals

+ Cellular base stations

Description

The W3011 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator is a

monolithic integrated circuit that provides direct

modulation of an RF carrier by I & Q baseband

inputs. It is particularly suited for use in mobile and

handheld cellular telephones designed to the IS-136

(North American 824 MHz to 849 MHz), PDC

(Japan RCR-STD27 889 MHz to 958 MHz), and

other digital personal-communications standards.

The circuit block diagram is shown in Figure 1. From

two LO signals, LOL and LOH, the offset mixer

produces an internal LO signal, which prevents the

external VCOs from being pulled by the large

transmitted signal. The phase shifter splits the LO

signal into two carriers with 90° phase separation

and equal amplitude.

These signals are fed to the in-phase (I) and

quadrature-phase (Q) double-balanced mixers. The

resulting signals are summed and fed into the output

amplifier. This amplifier can provide 0 dBm linear

output power, minimum, into a 50 Ω load.

The output power can be attenuated up to 50 dB by

applying a control voltage to the APC input.

Nominally, the output power is at maximum

(+3 dBm) with VAPC > 2.2 V, and at minimum

(–50 dBm) with VAPC < 0.8 V.

A CMOS/TTL-compatible logic input allows the

device to be put into a powerdown mode in which

less than 10 µA of supply current is consumed.

BIAS AND CONTROL

VCC

ENABLE

GROUND

∑

EXTERNAL FILTER

DIRECT LO INPUT

APC

RFOUT

–π/4

+π/4

LOL IN

50 Ω

LOH IN

50 Ω

Figure 1. Circuit Block Diagram

W3011 Data Sheet

1 GHz Quadrature Modulator September 1999

2Lucent Technologies Inc.

Pin Information

TOP

VIEW

ENABLE

GND

APC

GND

LC1

LC2

VCC

VCCRF

GND

LOLP

RFOUT

LOLN

LOHP

LOHN

Figure 2. Pin Configuration

Table 1. Pin Descriptions

Pin Name Function

1IP Differential Baseband Input (in-phase)

2IN Differential Baseband Input (in-phase)

3QP Differential Baseband Input (quad-phase)

4QN Differential Baseband Input (quad-phase)

5APC Automatic Power Control dc Input

6GND dc Ground

7ENABLE Logic Enable

8GND dc Ground

9LC1 Differential LO Input/External Filter

10 LC2 Differential LO Input/External Filter

11 LOHN Differential High-frequency Local Oscillator

Input

12 LOHP Differential High-frequency Local Oscillator

Input

13 LOLN Differential Low-frequency Local Oscillator

Input

14 LOLP Differential Low-frequency Local Oscillator

Input

15 GND dc Ground

16 GND dc Ground

17 RFOUT Open-collector RF Output

18 GND dc Ground

19 VCCRF Positive Power Supply for RF Output Stage

20 VCC Positive Power Supply (nonoutput circuits)

Data Sheet W3011

September 1999 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator

Lucent Technologies Inc. 3

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are

absolute stress ratings only, as shown in Table 2. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or

any other conditions in excess of those given in the operations sections of the data sheet. Exposure to absolute

maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely affect device reliability.

Table 2. Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameter Symbol Min Max Unit

Ambient Operating Temperature TA–35 85 °C

Storage Temperature Tstg –65 150 °C

Lead Temperature (soldering, 10 s) — — 300 °C

Positive Supply Voltage VCC –0.3 4.5 V

Power Dissipation PD—650 mW

ac p-p Input Voltage Vp-p –0.3 VCC V

Digital Voltages —–0.3 VCC V

Handling Precautions

Although protection circuitry has been designed into this device, proper precautions should be taken to avoid

exposure to electrostatic discharge (ESD) during handling and mounting. Lucent Technologies Microelectronics

Group employs a human-body model (HBM) and a charged-device model (CDM) for ESD-susceptibility testing

and protection design evaluation. ESD voltage thresholds are dependent on the circuit parameters used to define

the model. No industry-wide standard has been adopted for CDM. However, a standard HBM (resistance =

1500 Ω, capacitance = 100 pF) is widely used and, therefore, can be used for comparison purposes. The HBM

ESD threshold presented here was obtained by using these circuit parameters:

ESD Threshold Voltage

Model Rating

HBM 2000

CDM (corner pins)

CDM (noncorner pins) 500

500

W3011 Data Sheet

1 GHz Quadrature Modulator September 1999

4Lucent Technologies Inc.

Operating Ranges

The W3011 operating ranges are shown in Table 3. Performance is not guaranteed over the full range of all

conditions possible within this table. However, the table lists the ranges of external conditions in which the

W3011 provides general functionality, which may be useful in specific applications, without risk of permanent

damage. The conditions for guaranteed performance are described in Tables 4 and 5.

Table 3. Operating Ranges

Parameter Min Max Unit

VCC 2.7 3.6 Vdc

Ambient Operating Temperature –35 85 °C

fLO Direct Mode (pins 9 and 10) 800 1000 MHz

PLO Direct Mode (pins 9 and 10) 110 600 mVp-p

Offset Local Oscillator (LOL) Frequency 50 800 MHz

LOL Input Level –15 –3 dBm

UHF Local Oscillator (LOH) Frequency 100 1300 MHz

LOH Input Level –15 –3 dBm

External dc Bias Voltage for I & Q Inputs with

0.282 Vrms ac Input Level:

Differential ac Input 1.2 VCC – 0.7 Vdc

Electrical Characteristics

Table 4. dc and Digital Electrical Specifications

Conditions unless otherwise noted: 2.7 ≤ VCC ≤ 3.3 Vdc; TA = 25 °C ± 3 °C; RL = 50 Ω, VAPC = 2.7 Vdc;

fRF = 900 MHz, fLOL = 130 MHz, fLOH = 1030 MHz, –13 dBm < PLOL, PLOH < –5 dBm;

I – I= 0.4 cos(2πt Ÿ 80 kHz), Q – Q = 0.4 cos(2πt Ÿ 80 kHz – π/2), Vbias of I, I, Q, and Q= 1.22 Vdc.

Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

Enable Input

Logic High Voltage VIH 0.7 VCC —VCC + 0.4 V

Logic Low Voltage VIL GND – 0.4 —0.3 VCC V

Logic High Current (VIH = 3.3 V) IIH — — 10 µA

Logic Low Current (VIL = 0.4 V) IIL — — 10 µA

Powerup/down (after ENABLE change) — — — 4µs

Power Supply Current

Powerdown (ENB = 0) IPDN —0.3 50 µA

Transmit (ENB = VCC):

(offset mixer on, APC @ max power)

(offset mixer off, APC @ max power) ICC(on)

ICC(on) —

—52

50 66

64 mA

Transmit (ENB = VCC):

(offset mixer on, APC @ POUT < PMAX – 10

dB)

(offset mixer off, APC @ POUT < PMAX – 10

dB)

—

——

—46

43 —

—mA

Data Sheet W3011

September 1999 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator

Lucent Technologies Inc. 5

Electrical Characteristics (continued)

Table 5. ac Specifications

Conditions unless otherwise noted: 2.7 ≤ VCC ≤ 3.3 Vdc; TA = 25 °C ± 3 °C; RL = 50 Ω, VAPC = 2.7 Vdc;

fRF = 900 MHz, fLOL = 130 MHz, fLOH = 1030 MHz, –15 dBm < PLOL, PLOH < –5 dBm;

I – I= 0.4 cos(2πt Ÿ 80 kHz), Q – Q = 0.4 cos(2πt Ÿ 80 kHz – π/2), Vbias of I, I, Q, and Q= 1.22 Vdc.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit

I & Q

I & Q Signal Path 0.5 dB Bandwidth —5—MHz

I & Q Input Resistance —200 —kΩ

I & Q Input Capacitance to Ground —5—pF

I & Q Input Differential Signal for Max Output —0.8 —Vp-p

Offset Mixer

LOL Input Impedance —50 —Ω

LOH Input Impedance —50 —Ω

LO Input Impedance (pins LC1, LC2) —480//1 —Ω//pF

LOL Input IP3 —10 —dBm

Modulation Accuracy (POUT = –1 dBm)

Carrier Suppression (POUT = –1 dBm) —–35 –28 dBUSB

Carrier Suppression (entire usable APC range) — — –26 dBUSB

Origin Offset (DQPSK inputs, all usable APC levels) — — –23 dBc

Error Vector Magnitude (See Explanation of Error Vector Magnitude

(EVM) Testing section.) —2.5 5%

Lower Sideband (LSB) Suppression (See Figure 3.) —–43 –34 dBUSB

RF Output

Output Power (0.8 Vp-p differential or single-ended 80 kHz sine-wave

inputs to I and Q, with 90° between I and Q) –1 3 —dBm

Adjacent Channel Suppression (0.282 Vrms differential I and Q inputs,

π/4 – DQPSK modulation, random data):

Per PDC (RCR STD-27):

±50 kHz, All Usable APC Levels

±100 kHz, All Usable APC Levels

±100 kHz, Max RF Output (APC > 2.2)

Per IS-136/IS-137 800 MHz Digital Mode:

±30 kHz, All Usable APC Levels

±60 kHz, All Usable APC Levels

—

–65

—

–75

–45

–60

–55

–62

–65

–36

–50

dBc

Noise Floor Suppression, FC ± >100 kHz —–120 –112 dBc/Hz

APC (Automatic Power Control) Function

Range of Usable Output Power Control for Japan PDC (RCR STD-27),

from Max Power at APC = 2.7 V to Minimum APC Voltage Where

Requirements for ACP and Carrier Suppression Are Still Met Using

π/4 – DQPSK/α = 0.5 Modulation at 0.282 Vrms Differential I and Q

Inputs:

Offset Mixer Not Used

Offset Mixer Used 29

39 40

45 —

—dB

Output Power Variation Due to Temperature, within Usable Control Range —4 6 dB

RF Power Change Time (after APC change) — — 2µs

APC Voltage for Max Output Power —2.2 —Vdc

APC Voltage for Min Output Power —0.8 —Vdc

W3011 Data Sheet

1 GHz Quadrature Modulator September 1999

6Lucent Technologies Inc.

Explanation of Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) Testing

Error vector magnitude (EVM) is estimated by feeding signals to the W3011 as described above in Table 5.

A typical narrowband, sine-wave modulation output spectrum appears in Figure 3.

–62 dBm

–70 dBm

–72 dBm

–50 dBm

USB

0 dBm

–40 dBm

LSB

–38 dBm

–70 dBm

–48 dBm

–75 dBm

–72 dBm

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

–80

fl = fQ = 80 kHz

fLOL = 130 MHz

fLOH = 1030 MHz

MAGNITUDE (dBm)

899.60 899.68 899.76 899.84 899.92 900.08 900.16 900.24 900.32 900.40900

FREQUENCY (MHz)

Figure 3. W3011 Sine-Wave Modulation Output Spectrum

Data from this spectrum is used to estimate EVM by the formula:

EVM (%) = 100 Ÿ[10P(L5)/20 + 10P(L4)/20 + 10P(L3)/20 + 10P(L2)/20 + 10P(LSB)/20 + 10P(U2)/20 +

10P(U3)/20 + 10P(U4)/20 + 10P(U5)/20]/10P(USB)/20

The data presented in the spectrum above would yield:

EVM (%) =100 Ÿ[251e–6 + 178e–6 + 3981e–6 + 316e–6 +

12589e–6 + 3162e–6 + 251e–6 + 316e–6 + 794e–6]/1000e–3

= 2.18%

This approximates worst-case digital modulation results, because the sine-wave modulation estimate assumes all

spurious outputs are in phase and adds their magnitudes as scalars. In addition, this estimate includes full-

amplitude measurements of spurious peaks that would appear in adjacent and alternate channels, where a

receiver would otherwise provide attenuation. The L3 third-order intermodulation peak and LSB (lower sideband)

are normally the unwanted output frequencies that dominate the EVM estimate.

Data Sheet W3011

September 1999 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator

Lucent Technologies Inc. 7

RFOUT Matching: Basic Open Collector Termination

The W3011 RF output uses an open collector output architecture. To operate properly, this requires that dc bias

current be provided through the output pin (pin 17). Thus, the output matching network must always provide a

shunt dc connection to the positive power supply. Examples of such a connection include a shunt-matching

inductor or a shunt RF choke. Figure 4 illustrates a simple RFOUT matching configuration.

VCC

TO TX SAW FILTER

(50 Ω)

Figure 4. W3011 RF Output Diagram

Offset Mixer

W3011 with Offset Mixer Disabled

If the offset mixer in the W3011 is not required for the frequency plan, the offset mixer may be turned off by

connecting the positive supply (VCC) to any or all of pins 11 (LOHN), 12 (LOHP), 13 (LOLN), or 14 (LOLP), as

illustrated in Figure 5 below. Disabling the offset mixer reduces current consumption 2 mA to 3 mA. If pin 11 is

connected to VCC, pins 12, 13, and 14 must be connected to VCC or no-connect (NC). Connect the RF VCO to

either pin 9 or pin 10 through a low-impedance coupling capacitor, and connect the unused pin (10 or 9) through

a similar capacitor to ground.

APC

ENB

VCC

TO TX SAW FILTER

VCC

CONNECT VCC TO ANY OF PINS

11—14 TO DISABLE OFFSET

MIXER AND REDUCE POWER

SUPPLY CURRENT

OPTIONAL TERMINATION RESISTOR

Figure 5. W3011 Application with Offset Mixer Disabled

W3011 Data Sheet

1 GHz Quadrature Modulator September 1999

8Lucent Technologies Inc.

Offset Mixer (continued)

W3011 Using Offset Mixer

If the W3011 offset mixer is required, two VCOs must be connected (see Figure 6). A low-frequency (VHF)

oscillator may be dc-coupled to either pin 13 (LOLN) or pin 14 (LOLP) if the VCO contains a dc-blocking

capacitor at its output. Otherwise, use a low-impedance series capacitor between the VCO output and the LOL

input. The other LOL pin must be dc-grounded (no external capacitor for the grounded pin). As shown in Figure

1, there is a 50 Ω termination resistor on chip, connected between pins 13 and 14.

In the same way, as shown in Figure 6, one of the pins 11 (LOHN) or 12 (LOHP) must be connected to dc

ground. The other pin is connected to a high-frequency (UHF) VCO, using either dc coupling (if the VCO contains

a dc-blocking capacitor at its output) or a low-impedance series-coupling capacitor. There is also a 50 Ω

termination resistor on chip connected between pins 11 and 12.

When the offset mixer is used, it is necessary to filter the offset mixer output signal with a parallel-tuned LC filter

between pins 9 and 10. The resonant frequency of this filter should be approximately the center of the transmit

RF band (for example, about 920 MHz for PDC 800). The filter should be adjusted for lowest EVM at RFOUT.

APC

ENB

VCC

RFOUT

LOL VCO

LOH (UHF) VCO

Figure 6. W3011 Application Using Offset Mixer

Data Sheet W3011

September 1999 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator

Lucent Technologies Inc. 9

Characteristic Curves

Conditions unless otherwise noted: VCC = 2.7; TA = 25 °C ± 3 °C; LOH = 755 MHz @ –12.5 dBm, LOL = 185

MHz @ –12.5 dBm; I/Q= 0.8 Vp-p π/4 – DQPSK; α = 0.5 (random data); I/Q Vcm = 1.22 Vdc; LC filter = 10

nH//2.2 pF; RFOUT = 940 MHz.

APC VOLTAGE (V)

RFOUT (dBm)

= 2.7

= 3.0

= 3.3

–70

–60

–50

–40

–30

–20

–10

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Figure 7. Output Power vs. APC and Supply

Voltage

–80

–70

–60

–50

–40

–30

–20

–10

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

APC VOLTAGE (V)

RFOUT (dBm)

25 °C

–20 °C

85 °C

Figure 8.Output Power vs. APC Voltage and

Temperature

–70 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10

RF OUTPUT (dBm)

SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

VCC = 2.7

VCC = 3.0

VCC = 3.3

Figure 9. Supply Current vs. Output Power

–60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 010

OUTPUT POWER (dBm)

CARRIER SUPPRESSION (dB)

LO = –15 dBm

LO = –10 dBm

LO = –5 dBm

Figure 10.Carrier Suppression vs. Output

Power and LO Level

W3011 Data Sheet

1 GHz Quadrature Modulator September 1999

10 Lucent Technologies Inc.

Characteristic Curves (continued)

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

–50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10

RFOUT (dBm)

ERROR VECTOR MAGNITUDE (%rms)

25 °C

–20 °C

85 °C

Figure 11. EVM vs. Output Power and

Temperature

–60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10

OUTPUT POWER (dBm)

EVM (%rms)

1.2 Vdc

1.3 Vdc

1.5 Vdc

Figure 12. EVM vs. Output Power and I/Q

Common-Mode Voltage

–80

–70

–60

–50

–40

–30

–20

–10

–70 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10

OUTPUT POWER (dBm)

ADJACENT CHANNEL POWER (dB)

± 50 kHz

± 100 kHz

BELOW –30 dBm RF OUTPUT

MEASUREMENT MAY BE LIMITED

BY NOISE FLOOR OF SPECTRUM

ANALYZER.

Figure 13. Adjacent Channel Power

Suppression for PDC

Data Sheet W3011

September 1999 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator

Lucent Technologies Inc. 11

Package Outline

20-Pin TSSOP

Dimensions are in millimeters.

4.3/4.5

SEE DETAIL A

0.090/0.20

0.90 ± 0.05

-E-

11 20

10 1

1.00

0.254 E

M M

6.25/6.5

BASE METAL

WITH PLATING

DETAILC

0.22

± 0.03

0.19/0.30

0.090/0.135

0.090/0.20

SEATING

PLANE

DETAILB

10.076 C

0.65BSC1.10

MAX

0.15

MAX

6.50 ± 0.10

0.25BSC

DETAILA

0.60 ± 0.10

SEE DETAIL C

DETAILB

5-5499

W3011 Data Sheet

1 GHz Quadrature Modulator September 1999

For additional information, contact your Microelectronics Group Account Manager or the following:

INTERNET: http://www.lucent.com/micro

E-MAIL: docmaster@micro.lucent.com

N. AMERICA Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Room 30L-15P-BA, Allentown, PA 18103

1-800-372-2447, FAX 610-712-4106 (In CANADA: 1-800-553-2448, FAX 610-712-4106)

ASIA PACIFIC: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Singapore Pte. Ltd., 77 Science Park Drive, #03-18 Cintech III, Singapore 118256

Tel. (65) 778 8833, FAX (65) 777 7495

CHINA: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., A-F2, 23/F, Zao Fong Universe Building, 1800 Zhong Shan Xi Road,

Shanghai 200233 P.R. China Tel. (86) 21 6440 0468, ext. 316, FAX (86) 21 6440 0652

JAPAN: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Japan Ltd., 7-18, Higashi-Gotanda 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan

Tel. (81) 3 5421 1600, FAX (81) 3 5421 1700

EUROPE: Data Requests: MICROELECTRONICS GROUP DATALINE: Tel. (44) 7000 582 368, FAX (44) 1189 328 148

Technical Inquiries: GERMANY: (49) 89 95086 0 (Munich), UNITED KINGDOM: (44) 1344 865 900 (Ascot),

FRANCE: (33) 1 40 83 68 00 (Paris), SWEDEN: (46) 8 594 607 00 (Stockholm), FINLAND: (358) 9 4354 2800 (Helsinki),

ITALY: (39) 02 6608131 (Milan), SPAIN: (34) 1 807 1441 (Madrid)

Lucent Technologies Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice. No liability is assumed as a result of their use or application. No

rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or information.

Printed in U.S.A.

September 1999

DS99-205WRF (Replaces DS98-016WRF) Printed On

Recycled Paper

Manufacturing Information

This device may be assembled in any of the following locations: assembly codes P, M, or T.

Ordering Information

Device Code Description Package Comcode

LUCW3011FCL 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator 20-pin TSSOP 108 131 400

LUCW3011FCL-TR* 1 GHz Quadrature Modulator 20-pin TSSOP, tape and reel 108 131 426

EVB3011 Evaluation Board —108 131 913

*Contact your Lucent Technologies Microelectronics Group Account Manager for minimum order requirements.