DCDC Converter 35A Highly Integrated SupIRBuck(R) Single-Input Voltage, Synchronous Buck Regulator FEATURES SupIRBuck IR3846 DESCRIPTION Single 5V to 21V application Wide Input Voltage Range from 1.5V to 21V with external Vcc Output Voltage Range: 0.6V to 0.86*PVin 0.5% accurate Reference Voltage Enhanced line/load regulation with Feed-Forward Programmable Switching Frequency up to 1.5MHz Internal Digital Soft-Start Enable input with Voltage Monitoring Capability Remote Sense Amplifier with True Differential Voltage Sensing Thermally compensated current limit and Hiccup Mode Over Current Protection Smart LDO to enhance efficiency Vp for tracking applications and sequencing Vref is available externally to enable margining External synchronization with Smooth Clocking Dedicated output voltage sensing for power good indication and overvoltage protection which remains active even when Enable is low. Enhanced Pre-Bias Start up Body Braking to improve transient Integrated MOSFET drivers and Bootstrap diode Thermal Shut Down Post Package trimmed rising edge dead-time Programmable Power Good Output with tracking Small Size 5mm x 7mm PQFN o o Operating Junction Temp: -40 C<Tj<125 C Lead-free, Halogen-free and RoHS Compliant (R) The IR3846 SupIRBuck is an easy-to-use, fully integrated and highly efficient DC/DC regulator. The onboard PWM controller and MOSFETs make IR3846 a space-efficient solution, providing accurate power delivery for low output voltage and high current applications. IR3846 is a versatile regulator which offers programmability of switching frequency and current limit while operating in wide input and output voltage range. The switching frequency is programmable from 300 kHz to 1.5MHz for an optimum solution. It also features important protection functions, such as Over Voltage Protection (OVP), Pre-Bias startup, hiccup current limit and thermal shutdown to give required system level security in the event of fault conditions. APPLICATIONS Netcom Applications Embedded Telecom Systems Server Application Distributed Point of Load Power Architectures Storage Applications ORDERING INFORMATION Base Part Number IR3846 Package Type PQFN 5mm x 7mm Standard Pack Orderable Part Form Quantity Number Tape and Reel 4000 IR3846MTRPBF IR3846 PBF TR M 1 Rev 3.5 Lead Free Tape and Reel Package Type Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 BASIC APPLICATION 5V <Vin<21V Vp S_Ctrl Vin PVin Boot Vo SW OCSet Vsns RS+ VCC PGood PGood RS- Rt/Sync RSo FB Enable Vref Comp Gnd PGnd Figure 1: IR3846 Basic Application Circuit Figure 2: Efficiency [Vin=12V, Fsw=600kHz] PIN DIAGRAM 5mm X 7mm POWER QFN Top View 2 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Vin Smart LDO VCC VCC THERMAL SHUTDOWN DCM LGnd UVcc UVcc Comp Vp Vref FAULT CONTROL OC POR OV + + E/A + - VREF 0.6V FB TSD Boot FAULT PVin FB HDrv Vref Vp Intl_SS DRIVER OVER VOLTAGE POR POR Vsns VCC 100K S_Ctrl Enable POR FAULT UVEN RSRS+ PVin DIGITAL SOFT START BODY BREAKING CONTROL ZC POR POR CONTROL LOGIC OC Vp VREF FB + RSo SW LDrv PGnd SSOK UVEN UVcc HDin LDin CLK + ZERO CROSSING COMPARATOR OVER CURRENT OCset DCM Rt/Sync PGD Figure 3: IR3846 Simplified Block Diagram 3 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 PIN DESCRIPTIONS PIN # PIN NAME PIN DESCRIPTION 1 PVin 2, 3, 22, 23, 26 NC 4 Boot 5 Enable Enable pin to turning on and off the IC. 6 Rt/Sync Use an external resistor from this pin to LGND to set the switching frequency, very close to the pin. This pin can also be used for external synchronization. 7 OCset Current limit setpoint. This pin allows the trip point to be set to one of three possible settings by either floating, tying to VCC or tying to PGnd. 8 Vsns Input voltage for power stage. Bypass capacitors between PVin and PGND should be connected very close to this pin and PGND; also forms input to feedforward block No Connect Supply voltage for high side driver Sense pin for OVP and PGood Inverting input to the error amplifier. This pin is connected directly to the output of the regulator or to the output of the remote sense amplifier, via resistor divider to set the output voltage and provide feedback to the error amplifier. 9 FB 10 COMP 11 RSo 12, 25 PGND Power ground. This pin should be connected to the system's power ground plane. Bypass capacitors between PVin and PGND should be connected very close to PVIN pin (pin 1) and this pin. 13 LGND Signal ground for internal reference and control circuitry. 14 S_Ctrl Soft start/stop control. A high logic input enables the device to go into the internal soft start; a low logic input enables the output soft discharged. Pin is internally pulled high when this function is not used. 15 RS- Remote Sense Amplifier input. Connect to ground at the load. 16 RS+ Remote Sense Amplifier input. Connect to output at the load. 17 Vref External reference voltage can be used for margining operation. A capacitor between 100pF and 180pF should be connected between this pin and LGnd. Tie to LGnd for tracking function. 18 Vp Used for voltage sequencing and tracking. Leave open if sequencing or tracking is not needed, ensuring that there is no capacitor on the pin. 19 PGD Power Good status pin. Output is open drain. Connect a pull up resistor from this pin to VCC. 20 Vin 21 VCC/LDO_out 24 SW 4 Rev 3.5 Output of error amplifier. An external resistor and capacitor network is typically connected from this pin to FB to provide loop compensation. Remote Sense Amplifier Output Input Voltage for LDO. Bias Voltage for IC and driver section, output of LDO. Add a minimum of 4.7uF bypass cap from this pin to PGnd. Switch node. This pin is connected to the output inductor. Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications are not implied. PVin Vin VCC SW BOOT BOOT to SW Input/Output pins RS+, RS-, RSo, PGD, Enable, OCset, S_Ctrl PGND to LGND, RS- to LGND Junction Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Machine Model ESD Human Body Model Charged Device Model Moisture Sensitivity level RoHS Compliant -0.3V to 25V -0.3V to 25V -0.3V to 8V (Note 1) -0.3V to 25V (DC), -4V to 25V (AC, 100ns) -0.3V to 33V -0.3V to VCC + 0.3V (Note 2) -0.3V to 3.9V -0.3V to 8V (Note 1) -0.3V to + 0.3V -40C to 150C -55C to 150C Class A Class 1C Class III JEDEC Level 2 @ 260C Yes Note: 1. VCC must not exceed 7.5V for Junction Temperature between -10C and -40C. 2. Must not exceed 8V. THERMAL INFORMATION Thermal Resistance, Junction to Case (JC_TOP) Thermal Resistance, Junction to PCB (JB) Thermal Resistance, Junction to Ambient (JA) (Note 3) 30 C/W 2.71 C/W 14.3 C/W Note: 3. Thermal resistance (JA) is measured with components mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. 5 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS SYMBOL DEFINITION * ** MIN 1.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 0.6 0 300 -40 PVin Input Bus Voltage * Vin Supply Voltage VCC Supply Voltage ** Boot to SW Supply Voltage VO Output Voltage IO Output Current Fs Switching Frequency TJ Junction Temperature SW node must not exceed 25V When VCC is connected to an externally regulated supply, also connect Vin. UNIT MAX 21 21 7.5 7.5 0.86 PVin 35 1500 125 V A kHz C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS o Unless otherwise specified, these specification apply over, 1.5V < PVin < 21V, 4.5V< VCC < 7.5V, 0 C < TJ < o 125 C. o Typical values are specified at T A = 25 C. PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP PLOSS Vin = PVin = 12V, VO = 1.2V, IO = 35A, Fs = 600kHz, L=0.250uH, TA = 25C, Note 4 5.3 Rds(on)_Top VBoot - VSW = 6.8V, ID = 35A, Without Cu Clip, Tj = 25C 3.1 Rds(on)_Bot VCC =6.8V, ID = 35A, With Cu Clip, Tj = 25C 1.27 MAX UNIT Power Loss Power Loss W MOSFET Rds(on) Top Switch Bottom Switch 4 m 1.64 Reference Voltage Feedback Voltage VFB Accuracy 0.6 V Vref=0.6V, 0C < Tj < 105C -0.5 +0.5 Vref=0.6V, -40C < Tj < 125C -1.0 +1.0 % Sink Current Isink_Vref Vref=0.7V 12.7 16.0 19.3 Source Current Isrc_Vref Vref=0.5V 12.7 16.0 19.3 Vref Comparator Threshold 6 Rev 3.5 Vref_disable Vref Pin connected externally 0.15 A V Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS Vref_enable MIN TYP MAX 0.4 UNIT V Supply Current Vin Supply Current (Standby) Iin(Standby) Vin=21V, Enable low, No Switching Iin(Dyn) Vin=21V, Enable high, Fs = 600kHz Icc(Standby) Enable low, VCC=7V, No Switching Icc(Dyn) Enable high, VCC=7V, Fs = 600kHz VCC-Start-Threshold VCC_UVLO_Start VCC Rising Trip Level 4.0 4.2 4.4 VCC-Stop-Threshold VCC_UVLO_Stop VCC Falling Trip Level 3.7 3.9 4.2 Vin Supply Current (Dyn) VCC Supply Current (Standby) VCC Supply Current (Dyn) 300 300 425 A 40 mA 425 A 40 mA Under Voltage Lockout Enable-Start-Threshold Enable_UVLO_Start Supply ramping up 1.14 1.2 1.36 Enable-Stop-Threshold Enable_UVLO_Stop Supply ramping down 0.9 1.0 1.06 Enable leakage current Ien Enable=3.3V 1 V V A Oscillator Rt Voltage 1 Frequency Range FS Ramp Amplitude Vramp Rt=80.6k 270 300 330 Rt=39.2k 540 600 660 Rt=15k 1350 1500 1650 PVin=6.8V, PVin(max) slew rate=1V/us, Note 4 1.02 PVin=12V, PVin(max) slew rate=1V/us, Note 4 1.8 PVin=16V, PVin(max) slew rate=1V/us, Note 4 2.4 0.16 Ramp Offset Ramp (os) Note 4 Min Pulse Width Tmin (ctrl) Note 4 Fixed Off Time Note 4 Max Duty Cycle Dmax Sync Frequency Range Sync Pulse Duration 7 200 Fs=300kHz, PVin=Vin=12V 86 Note 4 270 100 Sync Level Threshold Rev 3.5 High Low V kHz Vp-p V 50 ns 230 ns % 1650 200 kHz ns 3 0.6 V Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN Vos_Vref VFb - Vref, Vref = 0.6V VFb - Vp, Vp = 0.6V TYP MAX UNIT -1.5 +1.5 % Vref -1.5 +1.5 %Vp Error Amplifier Input Offset Voltage Vos_Vp Input Bias Current IFb(E/A) -0.5 +0.5 A Input Bias Current IVp(E/A) 0 4 A Sink Current Isink(E/A) 0.4 0.85 1.2 mA Isource(E/A) 4 7.5 11 mA Source Current Slew Rate Gain-Bandwidth Product SR Note 4 7 12 20 V/s GBWP Note 4 20 30 40 MHz Gain Note 4 100 110 120 dB 1.7 2 2.3 V 100 mV DC Gain Maximum Output Voltage Vmax(E/A) Minimum Output Voltage Vmin(E/A) Common Mode Voltage Vcm_Vp Note 4 0 1.2 V Vmarg_Vref Note 4 0.4 1.2 V 3 9 MHz Margining Range Remote Sense Differential Amplifier Unity Gain Bandwidth BW_RS Note 4 DC Gain Gain_RS Note 4 Offset Voltage Offset_RS Source Current Vref=0.6V, 0C < Tj < 85C Vref=0.6V, -40C < Tj < 125C 6.4 110 -1.5 0 -2 dB 1.5 mV 2 mV Isource_RS 3 13 20 mA Sink Current Isink_RS 0.4 1 2 mA Slew Rate Slew_RS 2 4 8 V/s RS+ input impedance Rin_RS+ 45 63 85 kohm RS- input impedance Rin_RS- Maximum Voltage Vmax_RS Minimum Voltage Min_RS Note 4, Cload = 100pF Note 4 V(VCC) - V(RSo) 63 0.5 1 kohm 1.5 50 V mV Internal Digital Soft Start Soft Start Clock Soft Start Ramp Rate S_CTRL Threshold 8 Clk_SS Note 4 180 200 220 kHz Ramp(SS_Start) Note 4 0.3 0.4 0.5 mV / s High Rev 3.5 2.4 V Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP Low MAX UNIT 0.6 V 960 mV 1 A Bootstrap Diode Forward Voltage I(Boot) = 30mA 360 520 Switch Node SW = 0V, Enable = 0V SW Leakage Current lsw SW = 0V, Enable = HIGH, Vp=0 V Internal Regulator (VCC/LDO) Output Voltage VCC VCC dropout VCC_drop Short Circuit Current Ishort Zero-crossing Comparator Delay Tdly_zc Zero-crossing Comparator Offset Vos_zc Vin(min) = 7.2V, Io=030mA, Cload = 2.2uF, DCM=0 6.3 Vin(min) = 7.2V, Io=030mA, Cload = 2.2uF, DCM=1 4 6.8 7.1 V 4.4 Vin = 7V, Io=70 mA, Cload = 2.2uF 4.8 0.7 Note 4 V 70 mA 256 / Fs s Note 4 0 mV Fb > Vref, Sw duty cycle, Note 3 0 % Body Braking BB Threshold BB_threshold FAULTS Power Good Power Good Low Upper Threshold Power Good Low Upper Threshold Falling delay VPG_low(upper) VPG_low(upper)_Dly Power Good High Lower Threshold Power Good High Lower Threshold Rising Delay VPG_high(lower) VPG_high(lower)_Dly Power Good Low Lower Threshold 9 Rev 3.5 VPG_low(lower) Vsns Rising, 0.4V < Vref < 1.2V 115 120 125 % Vref Vsns Rising, Vref < 0.1V 115 120 125 % Vp Vsns > VPG_low(upper) 1.5 2.5 3.5 s Vsns Rising, 0.4V < Vref < 1.2V 95 % Vref Vsns Rising, Vref < 0.1V 95 % Vp 1.28 ms Vsns falling, 0.4V < Vref < 1.2V 90 % Vref Vsns falling, 90 %Vp Vsns rising Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 PARAMETER SYMBOL Power Good Low Lower Threshold Falling delay VPG_low(lower)_Dly CONDITIONS 0.1V < Vref Vsns < VPG_low(lower) MIN TYP MAX UNIT 101 150 199 s 0.5 V PGood Voltage Low PG (voltage) IPGood = -5mA Tracker Comparator Upper Threshold VPG(tracker_upper) Vp Rising, Vref < 0.1V 0.4 V Tracker Comparator Lower Threshold VPG(tracker_lower) Vp Falling, Vref < 0.1V 0.3 V Tracker Comparator Delay Tdelay(tracker) Vp Rising, Vref < 0.1V 1.28 ms Over Voltage Protection (OVP) OVP Trip Threshold OVP (trip) OVP Fault Prop Delay OVP (delay) Vsns Rising, 0.45V < Vref < 1.2V 115 120 125 % Vref Vsns Rising, Vref < 0.1V 115 120 125 % Vp Vsns rising 1.5 2.5 3.5 s OCSet=VCC, VCC = 6.8V, TJ = 25C 41 44.4 48 A OCSet=floating, VCC = 6.8V, TJ = 25C 32 35 38 A OCSet=PGnd, VCC =6.8V, TJ = 25C 24 26.88 30 A Over-Current Protection OC Trip Current ITRIP Hiccup blanking time Tblk_Hiccup Note 4 20.48 ms Thermal Shutdown Note 4 145 C Hysteresis Note 4 20 C Thermal Shutdown Notes: 4. Guaranteed by design but not tested in production. 10 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL EFFICIENCY AND POWER LOSS CURVES PVin = Vin = 12V, VCC = Internal LDO, Io=0-35A, Fs= 600kHz, Room Temperature, LFM=200. Note that the losses of the inductor, input and output capacitors are also considered in the efficiency and power loss curves. The table below shows the indicator used for each of the output voltages in the efficiency measurement. VOUT (V) 1.2 1.8 3.3 5.0 11 LOUT (uH) 0.25 0.33 0.33 0.33 Rev 3.5 P/N 744309025 (Wurth Electronik) 744309033 (Wurth Electronik) 744309033 (Wurth Electronik) 744309033 (Wurth Electronik) DCR (m) 0.165 0.165 0.165 0.165 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL EFFICIENCY AND POWER LOSS CURVES PVin = 12V, Vin = VCC = 5V, Io=0-35A, Fs= 600kHz, Room Temperature, LFM=200. Note that the losses of the inductor, input and output capacitors are also considered in the efficiency and power loss curves. The table below shows the indicator used for each of the output voltages in the efficiency measurement. VOUT (V) 1.2 1.8 3.3 5.0 12 LOUT (uH) 0.25 0.33 0.33 0.33 Rev 3.5 P/N 744309025 (Wurth Electronik) 744309033 (Wurth Electronik) 744309033 (Wurth Electronik) 744309033 (Wurth Electronik) DCR (m) 0.165 0.165 0.165 0.165 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL EFFICIENCY AND POWER LOSS CURVES PVin = Vin = VCC = 5V, Io=0-35A, Fs= 600kHz, Room Temperature, LFM=200. Note that the losses of the inductor, input and output capacitors are also considered in the efficiency and power loss curves. The table below shows the indicator used for each of the output voltages in the efficiency measurement. VOUT (V) 1.0 1.2 13 LOUT (uH) 0.19 0.19 Rev 3.5 P/N SL40307A-R19KHF (ITG) SL40307A-R19KHF (ITG) DCR (m) 0.200 0.200 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 THERMAL DERATING CURVES Measurements are done on IR3846 Evaluation board. PCB is a 6 layer board with 2 oz copper and FR4 material. Vin=PVin=12V, Vout =1.2V, VCC=internal LDO (6.8V), Fs = 600kHz Vin=PVin=12V, Vout =3.3V, VCC=internal LDO (6.8V), Fs = 600kHz Note: International Rectifier Corporation specifies current rating of SupIRBuck devices conservatively. The continuous current load capability might be higher than the rating of the device if input voltage is 12V typical and switching frequency is below 600kHz. However, the maximum current is limited by the internal current limit and designers need to consider enough guard bands between load current and minimum current limit to guarantee that the device does not trip at steady state condition. 14 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 MOSFET RDSON VARIATION OVER TEMPERATURE 15 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (-40C to +125C) 16 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (-40C to +125C) 17 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 18 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (-40C to +125C) OCset=VCC OCset=Float OCset=GND OCset=VCC OCset=Float OCset=GND OCset=VCC OCset=Float OCset=GND 19 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 THEORY OF OPERATION set thresholds. Normal operation resumes once VCC and Enable rise above their thresholds. DESCRIPTION The IR3846 uses a PWM voltage mode control scheme with external compensation to provide good noise immunity and maximum flexibility in selecting inductor values and capacitor types. The switching frequency is programmable from 300kHz to 1.5MHz and provides the capability of optimizing the design in terms of size and performance. IR3846 provides precisely regulated output voltage programmed via two external resistors from 0.6V to 0.86*PVin. The IR3846 operates with an internal bias supply (LDO) which is connected to the VCC pin. This allows operation with single supply. The bias voltage is variable according to load condition. If the output load current is less than half of the peak-to-peak inductor current, a lower bias voltage, 4.4V, is used as the internal gate drive voltage; otherwise, a higher voltage, 6.8V, is used. This feature helps the converter to reduce power losses. The device can also be operated with an external bias from 4.5V to 7.5V, allowing an extended operating input voltage (PVin) range from 1.5V to 21V. For using the internal LDO supply, the Vin pin should be connected to PVin pin. If an external bias is used, it should be connected to VCC pin and the Vin pin should be shorted to VCC pin. The device utilizes the on-resistance of the low side MOSFET (synchronous Mosfet) as current sense element. This method enhances the converter's efficiency and reduces cost by eliminating the need for external current sense resistor. IR3846 includes two low Rds(on) MOSFETs using IR's HEXFET technology. These are specifically designed for high efficiency applications. UNDER-VOLTAGE LOCKOUT AND POR The under-voltage lockout circuit monitors the voltage of VCC pin and the Enable input. It assures that the MOSFET driver outputs remain in the off state whenever either of these two signals drops below the 20 Rev 3.5 The POR (Power On Ready) signal is generated when all these signals reach the valid logic level (see system block diagram). When the POR is asserted the soft start sequence starts (see soft start section). ENABLE The Enable features another level of flexibility for startup. The Enable has precise threshold which is internally monitored by Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) circuit. Therefore, the IR3846 will turn on only when the voltage at the Enable pin exceeds this threshold, typically, 1.2V. If the input to the Enable pin is derived from the bus voltage by a suitably programmed resistive divider, it can be ensured that the IR3846 does not turn on until the bus voltage reaches the desired level as shown in Figure 4. Only after the bus voltage reaches or exceeds this level and voltage at the Enable pin exceeds its threshold, IR3846 will be enabled. Therefore, in addition to being a logic input pin to enable the IR3846, the Enable feature, with its precise threshold, also allows the user to implement an Under-Voltage Lockout for the bus voltage (PVin). It can help prevent the IR3846 from regulating at low PVin voltages that can cause excessive input current. 12V 10.2V PVin Vcc > 1.2V EN 1.2V EN_UVLO_START Intl_SS Figure 4: Normal Start up, device turns on when the bus voltage reaches 10.2V A resistor divider is used at EN pin from PVin to turn on the device at 10.2V. Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 PVin=Vin Vcc Vp > 1.0V EN > 1.2V input. In this operating mode Vref is left floating. Figure 6 shows the recommended startup sequence for sequenced operation of IR3846 with Enable used as logic input. Figure 7 shows the recommended startup sequence for tracking operation of IR3846 with Enable used as logic input. For this mode of operation, Vref should be connected to LGND. PRE-BIAS STARTUP Intl_SS IR3846 is able to start up into pre-charged output, which prevents oscillation and disturbances of the output voltage. Vo Figure 5: Recommended startup for Normal operation PVin=Vin Vcc Vp > 1.2V EN Intl_SS The output starts in asynchronous fashion and keeps the synchronous MOSFET (Sync FET) off until the first gate signal for control MOSFET (Ctrl FET) is generated. Figure 8 shows a typical Pre-Bias condition at start up. The sync FET always starts with a narrow pulse width (12.5% of a switching period) and gradually increases its duty cycle with a step of 12.5% until it reaches the steady state value. The number of these startup pulses for each step is 16 and it's internally programmed. Figure 9 shows the series of 16x8 startup pulses. Vo [V] Vo Figure 6: Recommended startup for sequencing operation (ratiometric or simultaneous) Pre-Bias Voltage PVin=Vin [Time] Vcc Figure 8: Pre-Bias startup VDDQ Vp EN VDDQ/2 ... HDRv 12.5% > 1.2V ... LDRv Vref ... ... 25% ... ... 87.5% ... ... ... 0V 16 16 End of PB ... Vo VTT Tracking Figure 7: Recommended startup for memory tracking operation (Vtt-DDR) Figure 5 shows the recommended startup sequence for the normal (non-tracking, non-sequencing) operation of IR3846, when Enable is used as a logic 21 Rev 3.5 Figure 9: Pre-Bias startup pulses SOFT-START IR3846 has an internal digital soft-start to control the output voltage rise and to limit the current surge at the start-up. To ensure correct start-up, the soft-start sequence initiates when the Enable and VCC rise Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 above their UVLO thresholds and generate the Power On Ready (POR) signal. The internal soft-start (Intl_SS) signal linearly rises with the rate of 0.4mV/s from 0V to 1.5V. Figure 10 shows the waveforms during soft start. The normal Vout startup time is fixed, and is equal to: Tstart 0.75V 0.15V 1.5mS 0.4mV / S Table 1: Switching Frequency(Fs) vs. External Resistor(Rt) Rt (K) 80.6 60.4 48.7 39.2 34 29.4 26.1 23.2 21 19.1 17.4 16.2 15 (1) During the soft start the over-current protection (OCP) and over-voltage protection (OVP) is enabled to protect the device for any short circuit or over voltage condition. POR 3.0V Freq (KHz) 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1.5V 0.75V SHUTDOWN Intl_SS 0.15V IR3846 can be shutdown by pulling the Enable pin below its 1.0V threshold. During shutdown the high side and the low side drivers are turned off. Vout t1 t2 t3 Figure 10: Theoretical operation waveforms during soft-start (non tracking / non sequencing) OPERATING FREQUENCY The switching frequency can be programmed between 300kHz - 1500kHz by connecting an external resistor from Rt pin to LGnd. Table 1 tabulates the oscillator frequency versus Rt. OVER CURRENT PROTECTION The Over Current (OC) protection is performed by sensing the inductor current through the RDS(on) of the Synchronous MOSFET. This method enhances the converter's efficiency, reduces cost by eliminating a current sense resistor and any layout related noise issues. The Over Current (OC) limit can be set to one of three possible settings by floating the OCset pin, by pulling up the OCset pin to VCC, or pulling down the OCset pin to PGnd. The current limit scheme in the IR3846 uses an internal temperature compensated current source to achieve an almost constant OC limit over temperature. Over Current Protection circuit senses the inductor current flowing through the Synchronous MOSFET. To help minimize false tripping due to noise and transients, inductor current is sampled for about 30 nS on the downward inductor current slope approximately 12.5% of the switching period before the inductor current valley. However, if the Synchronous MOSFET is on for less than 12.5% of the switching period, the current is sampled approximately 40nS after the start of the downward slope of the inductor current. When 22 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 the sampled current is higher than the OC Limit, an OC event is detected. When an Over Current event is detected, the converter enters hiccup mode. Hiccup mode is performed by latching the OC signal and pulling the Intl_SS signal to ground for 20.48 mS (typ.). OC signal clears after the completion of hiccup mode and the converter attempts to return to the nominal output voltage using a soft start sequence. The converter will repeat hiccup mode and attempt to recover until the overload or short circuit condition is removed. Because the IR3846 uses valley current sensing, the actual DC output current limit will be greater than OC limit. The DC output current is approximately half of peak to peak inductor ripple current above selected OC limit. OC Limit, inductor value, input voltage, output voltage and switching frequency are used to calculate the DC output current limit for the converter. Equation (2) to determine the approximate DC output current limit. I OCP I LIMIT IOCP ILIMIT i i 2 (2) = DC current limit hiccup point = Current Limit Valley Point = Inductor ripple current Current Limit Hiccup Tblk_Hiccup 20.48 mS* IL 0 HDrv ... 0 LDrv ... 0 PGD *typical filter delay 0 Figure 11: Timing Diagram for Current Limit Hiccup THERMAL SHUTDOWN Temperature sensing is provided inside IR3846. The o trip threshold is typically 145 C. When trip threshold is exceeded, thermal shutdown turns off both MOSFETs and resets the internal soft start. 23 Rev 3.5 Automatic restart is initiated when the sensed temperature drops within the operating range. There o is a 20 C hysteresis in the thermal shutdown threshold. REMOTE VOLTAGE SENSING True differential remote sensing in the feedback loop is critical to high current applications where the output voltage across the load may differ from the output voltage measured locally across an output capacitor at the output inductor, and to applications that require die voltage sensing. The RS+ and RS- pins of the IR3846 form the inputs to a remote sense differential amplifier (RSA) with high speed, low input offset and low input bias current which ensure accurate voltage sensing and fast transient response in such applications. The input range for the differential amplifier is limited to 1.5V below the VCC rail. Note that IR3846 incorporates a smart LDO which switches the VCC rail voltage depending on the loading. When determining the input range assume the part is in light load and using the lower VCC rail voltage. There are two remote sense configurations that are usually implemented. Figure 12 shows a general remote sense (RS) configuration. This configuration allows the RSA to monitor output voltages above VCC. A resistor divider is placed in between the output and the RSA to provide a lower input voltage to the RSA inputs. Typically, the resistor divider is calculated to provide VREF (0.6V) across the RSA inputs which is then outputted to RSo. The input impedance of the RSA is 63 KOhms typically and should be accounted for when determining values for the resistor divider. To account for the input impedance, assume a 63 KOhm resistor in parallel to the lower resistor in the divider network. The compensation is then designed for 0.6V to match the RSo value. Low voltage applications can use the second remote sense configuration. When the output voltage range is within the RSA input specifications, no resistor divider is needed in between the converter output and RSA. The second configuration is shown in Figure 13. The RSA is used as a unity gain buffer and compensation is determined normally. Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 Vout (< VCC-1.5V) - RSo Compensation Resistor Divider RS+ + RSA RS- + FB - + Vout (< VCC-1.5V) - RS+ RSo Vo RSA RS- Compensation Figure 12: General Remote Sense Configuration + IR3846 incorporates an internal phase lock loop (PLL) circuit which enables synchronization of the internal oscillator to an external clock. This function is important to avoid sub-harmonic oscillations due to beat frequency for embedded systems when multiple point-of-load (POL) regulators are used. A multifunction pin, Rt/Sync, is used to connect the external clock. If the external clock is present before the converter turns on, Rt/Sync pin can be connected to the external clock signal solely and no other resistor is needed. If the external clock is applied after the converter turns on, or the converter switching frequency needs to toggle between the external clock frequency and the internal free-running frequency, an external resistor from Rt/Sync pin to LGnd is required to set the free-running frequency. When an external clock is applied to Rt/Sync pin after the converter runs in steady state with its free-running frequency, a transition from the free-running frequency to the external clock frequency will happen. This transition is to gradually make the actual switching frequency equal to the external clock frequency, no matter which one is higher. When the external clock signal is removed from Rt/Sync pin, the switching frequency is also changed to free-running Synchronize to the external clock Free Running Frequency - EXTERNAL SYNCHRONIZATION Rev 3.5 An internal circuit is used to change the PWM ramp slope according to the clock frequency applied on Rt/Sync pin. Even though the frequency of the external synchronization clock can vary in a wide range, the PLL circuit keeps the ramp amplitude constant, requiring no adjustment of the loop compensation. PVin variation also affects the ramp amplitude, which will be discussed separately in FeedForward section. FB Figure 13: Remote Sense Configuration for Vout less than VCC-1.5V 24 gradually. In order to minimize the impact from these transitions to output voltage, a diode is recommended to add between the external clock and Rt/Sync pin. Figure 14 shows the timing diagram of these transitions. Return to freerunning freq ... SW Gradually change Gradually change ... Fs1 SYNC Fs1 Fs2 Figure 14: Timing Diagram for Synchronization to the external clock (Fs1>Fs2 or Fs1<Fs2) FEED-FORWARD Feed-Forward (F.F.) is an important feature, because it can keep the converter stable and preserve its load transient performance when PVin varies. The PWM ramp amplitude (Vramp) is proportionally changed with PVin to maintain PVin/Vramp almost constant throughout PVin variation range (as shown in Figure 15). The PWM ramp amplitude is adjusted to 0.15 of PVin. Thus, the control loop bandwidth and phase margin can be maintained constant. Feed-forward function can also minimize impact on output voltage from fast PVin change. F.F. is disabled when PVin<6.2V and the PWM ramp is typically 0.9V. For PVin<6.2V, PVin voltage should be accounted for when calculating control loop parameters. Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 21V 12V 12V 6.8V PVin PWM Ramp Amplitude = 0.15xPVin 0 PWM Ramp ... IL ... ... 0 ... PWM Ramp Amplitude = 3.15V PWM Ramp Amplitude = 1.8V 256/Fs PWM Ramp Amplitude = 1.02V Ramp Offset 0 Vcc/ LDO 6.8V 4.4V 6.8V 0 Figure 15: Timing Diagram for Feed-Forward (F.F.) Function SMART LOW DROPOUT REGULATOR (LDO) IR3846 has an integrated low dropout (LDO) regulator which can provide gate drive voltage for both drivers. In order to improve overall efficiency over the whole load range, LDO voltage is set to 6.8V (typ.) at mid- or heavy load condition to reduce Rds(on) and thus MOSFET conduction loss; and it is reduced to 4.4V (typ.) at light load condition to reduce gate drive loss. The smart LDO selects its output voltage according to the load condition by sensing the inductor current (IL). At light load condition, the inductor current can fall below zero as shown in Figure 16. A zero crossing comparator is used to detect when the inductor current falls below zero at the LDrv Falling Edge. If the comparator detects zero crossing events for 256 consecutive switching cycles, the smart LDO reduces its output to 4.4V. The LDO voltage will remain low until a zero crossing is not detected. Once a zero crossing is not detected, the counter is reset and LDO voltage returns to 6.8V. Figure 16 shows the timing diagram. Whenever the device turns on, LDO always starts with 6.8V, then goes to 4.4V / 6.8V depending upon the load condition. However, if only Vin is applied with Enable low, the LDO output is 4.4V. Figure 16: Time Diagram for Smart LDO Users can configure the IR3846 to use a single supply or dual supplies. Depending on the configuration used the PVin, Vin and VCC pins are connected differently. Below several configurations are shown. In an internally biased configuration, the LDO draws from the Vin pin and provides a gate drive voltage, as shown in Figure 17. By connecting Vin and PVin together as shown in the Figure 18, IR3846 is an internally biased single supply configuration that runs off a single supply. IR3846 can also use an external bias to provide gate drive voltage for the drivers instead of the internal LDO. To use an external bias, connected Vin and VCC to the external bias. PVin can use a separate rail as shown in Figure 19 or run off the same rail as Vin and VCC. Vin PVin Vin PVin IR3846 VCC PGND Figure 17: Internally Biased Configuration 25 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 Vin OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRACKING AND Vin PVin SEQUENCING IR3846 VCC PGND Figure 18: Internally Biased Single Supply Configuration Ext VCC PVin Vin PVin IR3846 VCC PGND Figure 19: Externally Biased Configuration When the Vin voltage is below 6.8V, the internal LDO enters the dropout mode at medium and heavy load. The dropout voltage increases with the switching frequency. Figure 20 shows the LDO voltage for 600kHz and 1000kHz switching frequency respectively. IR3846 can accommodate user programmable tracking and/or sequencing options using Vp, Vref, Enable, and Power Good pins. In the block diagram presented on page 3, the error-amplifier (E/A) has been depicted with three positive inputs. Ideally, the input with the lowest voltage is used for regulating the output voltage and the other two inputs are ignored. In practice the voltage of the other two inputs should be at least 200mV greater than the low-voltage input so that their effects can completely be ignored. Vp is pulled up to an internal rail via a high impedance path. For normal operation, Vp and Vref is left floating (Vref should have a bypass capacitor). Therefore, in normal operating condition, after Enable goes high, the internal soft-start (Intl_SS) ramps up the output voltage until Vfb (voltage of feedback/Fb pin) reaches about 0.6V. Then Vref takes over and the output voltage is regulated. Tracking-mode operation is achieved by connecting Vref to LGND. Then, while Vp = 0V, Enable is taken above its threshold so that the soft-start circuit generates Intl_SS signal. After the Intl_SS signal reaches the final value (refer to Figure 7), ramping up the Vp input will ramp up the output voltage. In tracking mode, Vfb always follows Vp which means Vout is always proportional to Vp voltage (typical for DDR/Vtt rail applications). The effective Vp range is 0V~1.2V. In sequencing mode of operation (simultaneous or ratiometric), Vref is left floating and Vp is kept to ground level until Intl_SS signal reaches the final value. Then Vp is ramped up and Vfb follows Vp. When Vp>0.6V the error-amplifier switches to Vref and the output voltage is regulated with Vref. The final Vp voltage after sequencing startup should between 0.8V ~ 3.0V. Figure 20: LDO_Out Voltage in dropout mode 26 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 Enable (Master) 5V <Vin<21V 1.2V Vp VCC Vp Vref=0.6V Enable (slave) Vin PVin Vo1 (master) Boot SW OCSet Vsns RS+ PGood Soft Start (slave) Vo1 (master) (a) Enable Vcc/ LDO_out PGood RS- Rt/SYNC RSo RA Fb Comp Vref Gnd PGnd RB Vo2 (slave) Vo1 (master) 5V<Vin<21V (b) Vo1(master) Vo2 (slave) RE Vp RF Figure 21: Typical waveforms for sequencing mode of operation: (a) simultaneous, (b) ratiometric Enable Vin PVin Vcc/ LDO_out Vo2 (slave) Boot SW OCSet Vsns RS+ PGood PGood RS- Rt/SYNC RSo RC Fb Comp Vp (Master) Vref Gnd PGnd RD VCC Vref=0V Enable (Master and Slave) Soft Start (Master and Slave) Vo1 (master) (a) Vo2 (slave) Vo1 (master) (b) Vo2 (slave) Figure 22: Typical waveforms in tracking mode of operation: (a) simultaneous, (b) ratiometric 27 Rev 3.5 Figure 23: Application Circuit for Simultaneous and Ratiometric Sequencing Tracking and sequencing operations can be implemented to be simultaneous or ratiometric (refer to Figure 21 and Figure 22). Figure 23 shows typical circuit configuration for sequencing operation. With this power-up configuration, the voltage at the Vp pin of the slave reaches 0.6V before the Fb pin of the master. If RE/RF =RC/RD, simultaneous startup is achieved. That is, the output voltage of the slave follows that of the master until the voltage at the Vp pin of the slave reaches 0.6 V. After the voltage at the Vp pin of the slave exceeds 0.6V, the internal 0.6V reference of the slave dictates its output voltage. In reality the regulation gradually shifts from Vp to internal Vref. The circuit shown in Figure 23 can also be used for simultaneous or ratiometric tracking operation if Vref of the slave is connected to LGND. Table 2 summarizes the required conditions to achieve simultaneous/ratiometric tracking or sequencing operations. Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 Table 2: Required Conditions for Simultaneous / Ratiometric Tracking and Sequencing (Figure 23) Operating Mode Normal (Nonsequencing, Non-tracking) Simultaneous Sequencing Ratiometric Sequencing Vref (Slave) Vp Required Condition 0.6 (Floating) Floating Ramp up from 0V Ramp up from 0V Ramp up from 0V Ramp up from 0V RA/RB > RE/RF = RC/RD RA/RB > RE/RF > RC/RD RE/RF = RC/RD 0.6V 0.6V Simultaneous Tracking 0V Ratiometric Tracking 0V RE/RF > RC/RD The threshold is set differently in different operating modes and the results of the comparison sets the PGood signal. Figure 24, Figure 25 and Figure 26 show the timing diagram of the PGood signal at different operating modes. Vsns signal is also used by OVP comparator for detecting output over voltage condition. PGood signal is low when Enable is low. Vref 0.6V 0 1.2*VREF 0.90*VREF Vsns 0 OVP Latch PGD 0 1.28 mS 150 uS 1.28 mS VREF This pin reflects the internal reference voltage which is used by the error amplifier to set the output voltage. In most operating conditions this pin is only connected to an external bypass capacitor and it is left floating. A minimum 100pF ceramic capacitor is required from stability point of view. In tracking mode this pin should be pulled to LGND. For margining applications, an external voltage source is connected to Vref pin and overrides the internal reference voltage. The external voltage source should have a low internal resistance (<100) and be able to source and sink more than 25A. POWER GOOD OUTPUT (TRACKING, SEQUENCING, VREF MARGINING) IR3846 continually monitors the output voltage via the sense pin (Vsns) voltage. The Vsns voltage is an input to the window comparator with upper and lower threshold of 1.2*VREF and 0.95*VREF respectively. PGood signal is high whenever Vsns voltage is within the PGood comparator window thresholds. Hysteresis has been applied to the lower threshold, PGood signal goes low when Vsns drops below 0.9*VREF instead of 0.95*VREF. The PGood pin is open drain and it needs to be externally pulled high. High state indicates that output is in regulation. 28 0.95*VREF Rev 3.5 2.5 uS Figure 24: Non-sequence, Non-tracking Startup and Vref Margin (Vp pin floating) Vp 0.4V 0.3V 0 1.2*Vp Vsns 0.95*Vp 0 PGD 0 1.28 mS Figure 25: Vp Tracking (Vref = 0V) Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 1.2*VREF Intl_SS 0 Vsns 0 Vref 0 VREF HDrv 0 0.6V (1V<Vp<3.3V) 0.6V LDrv 0 Vp 0 1.2*Vref Vsns 0 0.95*Vref Comp 0 2.5 uS PGD 0 PGD 0 1.28 mS Figure 27: Timing Diagram for OVP in non-tracking mode Figure 26: Vp Sequence and Vref Margin SOFT-START / SOFT-STOP (S_CTRL) OVER-VOLTAGE PROTECTION (OVP) Over-voltage protection in IR3846 is achieved by comparing sense pin voltage Vsns to a pre-set threshold. In non-tracking mode, OVP threshold can be set at 1.2*Vref; in tracking mode, it can be at 1.2*Vp. When Vsns exceeds the over voltage threshold, an over voltage trip signal asserts after 2.5 uS (typ.) delay. The high side drive signal HDrv is latched off immediately and PGood flags are set low. The low side drive signal is kept on until the Vsns voltage drops below the threshold. HDrv remains latched off until a reset is performed by cycling VCC. OVP is active when enable is high or low. Vsns voltage is set by the voltage divider connected to the output and it can be programmed externally. Figure 27 shows the timing diagram for OVP in nontracking mode. S_Ctrl allows for the gradual charging and discharging of Vout to its final value by controlling the Soft-Start and Soft-Stop functions. Soft-Start and Soft-Stop is the gradual charging and discharging of Vout, respectfully. Both functions use the internal Intl_SS ramp to regulate the rate Vout charges and discharges. Soft-Start feature is enabled when S_Ctrl and EN are asserted high. S_Ctrl is internally pulled high, so that EN typically controls the rise of Vout. To delay the charging of Vout, keep S_Ctrl low while setting EN. Then assert S_Ctrl high to initiate the Intl_SS ramp (Soft-Start). Vout follows Intl_SS and ramps up until it reaches its steady state. For SoftStop, S_Ctrl needs to be pulled low before EN goes low. When S_Ctrl falls below its lower threshold, Intl_SS becomes a decreasing ramp with the same rate as the Soft-Start ramp. Vout follows this ramp and discharges softly until completely shut down. Figure 28 shows the timing diagram of S_Ctrl controlled softstart and soft-stop. If the Enable pin goes low before S_Ctrl, the converter shuts down without Soft-Stop. Both gate drivers are turned off immediately and Vout discharges to zero. Figure 29 shows the timing diagram of Enable controlled soft-start and soft-stop. 29 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 V di L o , without body braking dt L Enable 0 IL VD S_Ctrl 0 0.65V 0.65V Intl _SS 0.15V 0.15V 0 Vout 0 Figure 28: Timing Diagram for S_Ctrl controlled SoftStart / Soft-Stop Vo L (4) = Inductor current = Forward voltage drop of the body diode of the Sync FET. = output voltage = Inductor value The Body Braking mechanism is kept OFF during prebias operation. Also, in the event of an extremely severe load step-down transient causing OVP, the Body Brake is overridden by the OVP latch, which turns on the Sync FET. MINIMUM ON TIME CONSIDERATIONS The minimum ON time is the shortest amount of time for Ctrl FET to be reliably turned on. This is very critical parameter for low duty cycle, high frequency applications. Conventional approach limits the pulse width to prevent noise, jitter and pulse skipping. This results to lower closed loop bandwidth. S_Ctrl 0 Enable 1.2V 1.0V 0 0.65V Intl _SS 0.15V 0 Vout 0 Figure 29: Timing Diagram for Enable controlled SoftStart / Shutdown BODY BRAKING TM The Body Braking feature of the IR3846 allows improved transient response for step-down load transients. A severe step-down load transient would cause an overshoot in the output voltage and drive the Comp pin voltage down until control saturation occurs demanding 0% duty cycle and the PWM input to the Control FET driver is kept OFF. When the first such skipped pulse occurs, the IR3846 enters Body Braking mode, wherein the Sync FET also turned OFF. The inductor current then decays by freewheeling through the body diode of the Sync FET. Thus, with Body Braking, the forward voltage drop of the body diode provides and additional voltage to discharge the inductor current faster to the light load value as shown in equation (3) and equation (4) below: V VD di L , with body braking o dt L 30 Rev 3.5 (3) IR has developed a proprietary scheme to improve and enhance minimum pulse width which utilizes the benefits of voltage mode control scheme with higher switching frequency, wider conversion ratio and higher closed loop bandwidth, the latter results in reduction of output capacitors. Any design or application using IR3846 must ensure operation with a pulse width that is higher than the minimum on-time. This is necessary for the circuit to operate without jitter and pulseskipping, which can cause high inductor current ripple and high output voltage ripple. t on Vout D Fs PVin Fs (5) In any application that uses IR3846, the following condition must be satisfied: t on(min) t on Vout PV in Fs V PVin Fs out t on(min) t on(min) (6) (7) (8) The minimum output voltage is limited by the reference voltage and hence Vout(min) = 0.6V. Therefore, for Vout(min) = 0.6V, Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 PVin Fs Vout t on(min) 0.6V PVin Fs 12V / S 50nS (9) plot of the maximum duty ratio vs. the switching frequency with built in input voltage feed forward mechanism. Therefore, at the maximum recommended input voltage 21V and minimum output voltage, the converter should be designed at a switching frequency that does not exceed 571 kHz. Conversely, for operation at the maximum recommended operating frequency (1.5 MHz) and minimum output voltage (0.6V). The input voltage (PVin) should not exceed 8V, otherwise pulse skipping may happen. MAXIMUM DUTY RATIO A certain off-time is specified for IR3846. This provides an upper limit on the operating duty ratio at any given switching frequency. The off-time remains at a relatively fixed ratio to switching period in low and mid frequency range, while in high frequency range this ratio increases, thus the lower the maximum duty ratio at which IR3846 can operate. Figure 30 shows a Figure 30: Maximum duty cycle vs. switching frequency TYPICAL OPERATING WAVEFORM DESIGN EXAMPLE PVin IR3846 The following example is a typical application for IR3846. The application circuit is shown in Figure 37. R1 Enable R2 Vin = PVin = 12V Fs = 600kHz Vo = 1.2V Io = 35A Ripple Voltage = 1% * Vo Vo = 4% * Vo (for 30% load transient) Figure 31: Using Enable pin for UVLO implementation For a typical Enable threshold of VEN = 1.2 V Enabling the IR3846 PV in(min) As explained earlier, the precise threshold of the Enable lends itself well to implementation of a UVLO for the Bus Voltage as shown in Figure 31. R2 R1 R2 V EN 1.2 R1 R2 V EN PVin(min) V EN (10) (11) For PVin (min)=9.2V, R1=49.9K and R2=7.5K ohm is a good choice. Programming the frequency For Fs = 600 kHz, select Rt = 39.2 K, using Table 1. 31 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 Output Voltage Programming Output voltage is programmed by reference voltage and external voltage divider. The FB pin is the inverting input of the error amplifier, which is internally referenced to VREF. The divider ratio is set to equal VREF at the FB pin when the output is at its desired value. When an external resistor divider is connected to the output as shown in Figure 32, the output voltage is defined by using the following equation: R Vo Vref 1 5 R6 Vref R6 R5 V V ref o voltage Vin. However, if the value of C1 is appropriately chosen, the voltage Vc across C1 remains approximately unchanged and the voltage at the Boot pin becomes: VBoot PVin Vcc VD (15) Cvin PVin + VD - Boot Vcc (12) C1 (13) + Vc - SW L IR3846 For the calculated values of R5 and R6, see feedback compensation section. PGnd Figure 33: Bootstrap circuit to generate Vc voltage Vout IR3846 A bootstrap capacitor of value 0.1uF is suitable for most applications. R5 FB R6 Input Capacitor Selection Figure 32: Typical application of the IR3846 for programming the output voltage The ripple currents generated during the on time of the control FETs should be provided by the input capacitor. The RMS value of this ripple for each channel is expressed by: I RMS I o D 1 D Bootstrap Capacitor Selection To drive the Control FET, it is necessary to supply a gate voltage at least 4V greater than the voltage at the SW pin, which is connected to the source of the Control FET. This is achieved by using a bootstrap configuration, which comprises the internal bootstrap diode and an external bootstrap capacitor (C1). The operation of the circuit is as follows: When the sync FET is turned on, the capacitor node connected to SW is pulled down to ground. The capacitor charges towards Vcc through the internal bootstrap diode (Figure 33), which has a forward voltage drop VD. The voltage Vc across the bootstrap capacitor C1 is approximately given as: Vc Vcc VD (14) When the control FET turns on in the next cycle, the capacitor node connected to SW rises to the bus 32 Rev 3.5 D Where: D IRMS Io Vin (16) Vo Vin (17) = Duty Cycle = RMS value of the input capacitor current = output current. = Power Stage input voltage Io=35A and D = 0.1, the IRMS = 10.5A. Ceramic capacitors are recommended due to their peak current capabilities. They also feature low ESR and ESL at higher frequency which enables better efficiency. For this application, it is advisable to have 7x22uF, 25V ceramic capacitors, Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 GRM31CR61E226KE15L from Murata. In addition to these, although not mandatory, a 1x330uF, 25V SMD capacitor EEV-FK1E331P from Panasonic may also be used as a bulk capacitor and is recommended if the input power supply is not located close to the converter. Inductor Selection Inductors are selected based on output power, operating frequency and efficiency requirements. A low inductor value causes large ripple current, resulting in the smaller size, faster response to a load transient but may also result in reduced efficiency and high output noise. Generally, the selection of the inductor value can be reduced to the desired maximum ripple current in the inductor (i). The optimum point is usually found between 20% and 50% ripple of the output current. For the buck converter, the inductor value for the desired operating ripple current can be determined using the following relation: i 1 ; t D t Fs Vo L Vin Vo Vin i Fs Vin Vo L Where: Vin V0 i Fs t D (18) = Maximum input voltage = Output Voltage = Inductor Ripple Current = Switching Frequency = On time for Control FET = Duty Cycle Output Capacitor Selection The voltage ripple and transient requirements determine the output capacitors type and values. The criterion is normally based on the value of the Effective Series Resistance (ESR). However the actual capacitance value and the Equivalent Series Inductance (ESL) are other contributing components. These components can be described as: Rev 3.5 V0( ESR) I L ESR V V V0( ESL) in o ESL L I L V0(C ) 8 Co Fs (19) Where: V0 = Output Voltage Ripple IL = Inductor Ripple Current Since the output capacitor has a major role in the overall performance of the converter and determines the result of transient response, selection of the capacitor is critical. The IR3846 can perform well with all types of capacitors. As a rule, the capacitor must have low enough ESR to meet output ripple and load transient requirements. If i 30%*Io, then the inductor is calculated to be 0.24H. Select L=0.25H, 744309025, from Wurth Electronik which provides an inductor suitable for this application. 33 Vo Vo ESR Vo ESL Vo(C ) The goal for this design is to meet the voltage ripple requirement in the smallest possible capacitor size. Therefore it is advisable to select ceramic capacitors due to their low ESR and ESL and small size. Six of Murata GRM31CR60J107ME39L (100uF/1206/X5R/ 6.3V) capacitors is a good choice. It is also recommended to use a 0.1F ceramic capacitor at the output for high frequency filtering. Feedback Compensation The IR3846 is a voltage mode controller. The control loop is a single voltage feedback path including error amplifier and error comparator. To achieve fast transient response and accurate output regulation, a compensation circuit is necessary. The goal of the compensation network is to provide a closed-loop transfer function with the highest 0 dB crossing frequency and adequate phase margin (greater than o 45 ). The output LC filter introduces a double pole, 40dB/decade gain slope above its corner resonant o frequency, and a total phase lag of 180 . The resonant frequency of the LC filter is expressed as follows: Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 FLC 1 VOUT Z IN C POLE 2 Lo Co R3 (20) C3 R5 Zf Fb Figure 34 shows gain and phase of the LC filter. Since o we already have 180 phase shift from the output filter alone, the system runs the risk of being unstable. E/A R6 Comp Ve VREF Gain(dB) Phase Gain H(s) dB 0dB 00 -40dB/Decade FZ -900 -1800 FLC Frequency FLC Frequency Figure 34: Gain and Phase of LC filter The error amplifier can be compensated either in type II or type III compensation. Local feedback with Type II compensation is shown in Figure 35. This method requires that the output capacitor have enough ESR to satisfy stability requirements. If the output capacitor's ESR generates a zero at 5kHz to 50kHz, the zero generates acceptable phase margin and the Type II compensator can be used. The ESR zero of the output capacitor is expressed as follows: 34 1 2 ESR Co Rev 3.5 Frequency POLE Figure 35: Type II compensation network and its asymptotic gain plot The transfer function (Ve/Vout) is given by: The IR3846 uses a voltage-type error amplifier with high-gain and high-bandwidth. The output of the amplifier is available for DC gain control and AC phase compensation. FESR F (21) Z Ve 1 sR3C3 H ( s) f Vout Z IN sR5C3 (22) The (s) indicates that the transfer function varies as a function of frequency. This configuration introduces a gain and zero, expressed by: H (s) Fz R3 R5 1 2 R3 C3 (23) (24) First select the desired zero-crossover frequency (Fo): Fo FESR and Fo (1 / 5 ~ 1 / 10) Fs (25) Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 Use the following equation to calculate R3: R3 Vramp Fo FESR R5 2 Vin FLC VOUT ZIN C4 (26) R4 Where: Vramp = Amplitude of the oscillator Ramp Voltage Fo = Crossover Frequency FESR = Zero Frequency of the Output Capacitor R5 = Feedback Resistor Vin = Maximum Input Voltage = (RS+ - RS-) / Vo FLC = Resonant Frequency of the Output Filter C2 R3 C3 R5 Zf Fb R6 E/ A Ve Comp VREF Gain (dB) |H(s)| dB To cancel one of the LC filter poles, place the zero before the LC filter resonant frequency pole: FZ 75% FLC 1 FZ 0.75 2 Lo Co FZ1 (27) One more capacitor is sometimes added in parallel with C3 and R3. This introduces one more pole which is mainly used to suppress the switching noise. By replacing Zin and Zf, according to Figure 36, the transfer function can be expressed as: (28) R3 FS 1 C3 1 R3 FS (29) For a general unconditional stable solution for any type of output capacitors with a wide range of ESR values, we use a local feedback with a type III compensation network. The typically used compensation network for voltage-mode controller is shown in Figure 36. 35 Rev 3.5 1 sR3C3 1 sC4 R4 R5 C C3 1 sR4C4 sR5 C2 C3 1 sR3 2 C2 C3 (30) The pole sets to one half of the switching frequency which results in the capacitor CPOLE: 1 Frequency Zf Ve H ( s) Vout Z IN H ( s) CPOLE FP3 Again, the transfer function is given by: The additional pole is given by: 1 C CPOLE 2 3 C3 CPOLE FP2 Figure 36: Type III Compensation network and its asymptotic gain plot Use equation (24), (25) and (26) to calculate C3. Fp FZ 2 The compensation network has three poles and two zeros and they are expressed as follows: FP1 0 (31) 1 2 R4 C4 1 1 FP 3 C C3 2 R3 C2 2 R3 2 C C 3 2 FP 2 (32) (33) Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 1 2 R3 C3 1 1 2 C4 R4 R5 2 C4 R5 FZ 1 FZ 2 (34) (35) Cross over frequency is expressed as: Fo R3 C 4 Vin 1 Vramp 2 Lo Co (36) Based on the frequency of the zero generated by the output capacitor and its ESR, relative to the crossover frequency, the compensation type can be different. Table 3 shows the compensation types for relative locations of the crossover frequency. Lo Co to the RSA, = 1. Please refer to the Remote Sensing Amplifier section) = 0.250 H = 6 x 100F, ESR3m each It must be noted here that the value of the capacitance used in the compensator design must be the small signal value. For instance, the small signal capacitance of the 100F capacitor used in this design is 56F at 1.2 V DC bias and 600 kHz frequency. It is this value that must be used for all computations related to the compensation. The small signal value may be obtained from the manufacturer's datasheets, design tools or SPICE models. Alternatively, they may also be inferred from measuring the power stage transfer function of the converter and measuring the double pole frequency FLC and using equation (20) to compute the small signal Co. Table 3: Different types of compensators Compensator Type FESR vs FO Typical Output Capacitor Type II FLC < FESR < FO < FS/2 Electrolytic Type III FLC < FO < FESR SP Cap, Ceramic The higher the crossover frequency is, the potentially faster the load transient response will be. However, the crossover frequency should be low enough to allow attenuation of switching noise. Typically, the control loop bandwidth or crossover frequency (Fo) is selected such that: These result to: FLC = 17.4 kHz FESR = 947 kHz Fs/2 = 300 kHz Select crossover frequency F0=100 kHz Since FLC<F0<Fs/2<FESR, Type III is selected to place the pole and zeros. Detailed calculation of compensation Type III: Desired Phase Margin = 70 Fo 1/5 ~ 1/10 * Fs The DC gain should be large enough to provide high DC-regulation accuracy. The phase margin should be o greater than 45 for overall stability. FZ 2 Fo 1 sin 14.1 kHz 1 sin FP 2 Fo 1 sin 567.1 kHz 1 sin Select: The specifications for designing channel 1: Vin = 12V Vo = 1.2V Vramp= 1.8V (This is a function of Vin, pls. see Feed-Forward section) Vref = 0.6V = (RS+ - RS-) / Vo (This assumes the resistor divider placed between Vout and the RSA scales down the output voltage to Vref. If the RSA is not used or Vout is connected directly 36 Rev 3.5 FZ1 0.5 FZ 2 7.05 kHz and FP3 0.5 Fs 300 kHz Select C4 = 2.2nF. Calculate R3, C3 and C2: Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 2 Fo Lo Co Vramp R3 C4 Vin ; R3 = 3.60 k, Select: R3 = 2.7 k 1 ; C3 = 8.49 nF, 2 FZ 1 R3 C3 In this design IR3846, the PGood outer limits are set at 95% and 120% of VREF. PGood signal is asserted 1.3ms after Vsns voltage reaches 0.95*0.6V=0.57V (Figure 37). As long as the Vsns voltage is between the threshold ranges, Enable is high, and no fault happens, the PGood remains high. The following formula can be used to set the PGood threshold. Vout (PGood_TH) can be taken as 95% of Vout. Choose Rsns1=4.02 K. Select: C3 = 8.2 nF 1 ; C2 = 196 pF, 2 FP 3 R3 C2 Setting the Power Good Threshold Select: C2 = 160 pF Vout( PGood _ TH ) Rsns 2 1 Rsns1 0.95 VREF (37) Rsns2 = 4.02 k, Select 4.02 k. Calculate R4, R5 and R6: 1 ; R4 = 127.6 , R4 2 C4 FP 2 Vout _ OVP VREF 1.2 Select R4 = 127 1 ; R5 = 5.13 k, 2 C4 FZ 2 R5 Vref Vo Vref Rsns1 Rsns 2 Rsns1 (38) Vout_OVP = 1.44 V Selecting Power Good Pull-Up Resistor Select R5 = 4.02 k R6 OVP comparator also uses Vsns signal for OverVoltage detection. With above values for Rsns2 and Rsns1, OVP trip point (Vout_OVP) is R5 ; R6 = 4.02 k, The PGood is an open drain output and require pull up resistors to VCC. The value of the pull-up resistors should limit the current flowing into the PGood pin to less than 5mA. A typical value used is 10k. Select R6 = 4.02 k If ( x Vo) equals Vref, R6 is not used. 37 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL APPLICATION INTERNALLY BIASED SINGLE SUPPLY Vin Cpvin1 330uF Cpvin2 7 x 22uF Ren2 49.9 K Cpvin3 0.1uF Ren1 7.5 K En PVin Cboot 0.1uF Boot S_Ctrl SW Vin Cvin 1uF VSNS Vp Vcc Cvcc 10uF Rpg 10 K IR3846 RSo PGood Comp Vref Cref 100pF Rt/Sync Rt 39.2 K RS+ Rsns2 4.02 K Rsns1 4.02 K Cout 6 x 100uF Vo Co1 0.1 uF RS- OCselect PGood Lo 0.250uH FB AGND Rbode 20 Cc3 160pF PGND Cc2 8.2nF Rc2 2.7 K Rfb2 4.02 K Cc1 2200pF Rc1 127 Rfb1 4.02 K Figure 37: Application circuit for a 12V to 1.2V, 35A Point of Load Converter Using the Internal LDO Suggested Bill of Material for application circuit 12V to 1.2V Part Reference Cpvin1 Cpvin2 Cref Cvin Cvcc Cpvin3 Cboot Co1 Cc1 Cc2 Cc3 Cout1 Qty 1 7 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 6 Value 330uF 22uF 100pF 1.0uF 10uF 0.1uF 2200pF 8.2nF 160pF 100uF L0 1 0.250uH Rbd Rc1 Rc2 Ren1 Ren2 Rfb1 Rfb2 Rsns1Rsns1 Rt Rpg 1 1 1 1 1 U1 38 Manufacturer Panasonic Murata Murata Murata TDK Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Wurth Electronik Inc. Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Part Number EEV-FK1E331P GRM31CR61E226KE15L GRM1885C1H101JA01D GRM188R61E105KA12D C1608X5R1A106M GRM188R71E104KA01D GRM188R71H222KA01D GRM188R71H822KA01D GRM1885C1H161JA01D GRM31CR60J107ME39L 20 127 2.7K 7.5K 49.9K Description SMD, electrolytic, 25V, 20% 1206, 25V, X5R, 10% 0603, 50V, C0G, 5% 0603, 25V, X5R, 20% 0603, 10V, X5R, 20% 0603, 25V, X7R, 10% 0603, 50V, X7R, 10% 0603, 50V, X7R, 10% 0603, 50V, NPO, 5% 1206, 6.3V, X5R, 20% 250nH,14x13x9mm DCR=0.165ohm Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% 4 4.02K Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Panasonic ERJ-3EKF4021V 1 1 39.2K 10K Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% ERJ-3EKF3922V ERJ-3EKF1002V 1 IR3846 PQFN 5x7mm Panasonic Panasonic International Rectifier Rev 3.5 744309025 ERJ-3EKF20R0V ERJ-3EKF1270V ERJ-3EKF2701V ERJ-3EKF7501V ERJ-3EKF4992V IR3846MPBF Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 EXTERNALLY BIASED DUAL SUPPLIES PVin Cpvin1 330uF Cpvin2 7 x 22uF Ren2 49.9 K Cpvin3 0.1uF Ren1 7.5 K En Vin PVin SW Vin Cvin 1uF VSNS Vp Rpg 10 K IR3846 OCselect PGood Rt/Sync FB AGND Cout 6 x 100 uF Vo Co1 0.1 uF RS- Comp Vref Rt 39.2 K Rsns2 4.02 K Rsns1 4.02 K RSo PGood Cref 100pF Lo 0.250uH RS+ Vcc Cvcc 10uF Cboot 0.1uF Boot Rbode 20 Cc3 160pF PGND Cc2 8.2nF Rc2 2.7 K Rfb2 4.02 K Cc1 2200pF Rc1 127 Rfb1 4.02 K Figure 38: Application circuit for a 12V to 1.2V, 25A Point of Load Converter using external 5V VCC Suggested Bill of Material for application circuit 12V to 1.2V using external 5V VCC Part Reference Cpvin1 Cpvin2 Cref Cvin Cvcc Cpvin3 Cboot Co1 Cc1 Cc2 Cc3 Cout1 Qty 1 7 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 6 Value 330uF 22uF 100pF 1.0uF 10uF 0.1uF 2200pF 8.2nF 160pF 100uF L0 1 0.250uH Rbd Rc1 Rc2 Ren1 Ren2 Rfb1 Rfb2 Rsns1Rsns1 Rt Rpg 1 1 1 1 1 U1 39 Manufacturer Panasonic Murata Murata Murata TDK Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Wurth Electronik Inc. Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Part Number EEV-FK1E331P GRM31CR61E226KE15L GRM1885C1H101JA01D GRM188R61E105KA12D C1608X5R1A106M GRM188R71E104KA01D GRM188R71H222KA01D GRM188R71H822KA01D GRM1885C1H161JA01D GRM31CR60J107ME39L 20 127 2.7K 7.5K 49.9K Description SMD, electrolytic, 25V, 20% 1206, 25V, X5R, 10% 0603, 50V, C0G, 5% 0603, 25V, X5R, 20% 0603, 10V, X5R, 20% 0603, 25V, X7R, 10% 0603, 50V, X7R, 10% 0603, 50V, X7R, 10% 0603, 50V, NPO, 5% 1206, 6.3V, X5R, 20% 250nH,14x13x9mm DCR=0.165ohm Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% 4 4.02K Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Panasonic ERJ-3EKF4021V 1 1 39.2K 10K Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% ERJ-3EKF3922V ERJ-3EKF1002V 1 IR3846 PQFN 5x7mm Panasonic Panasonic International Rectifier Rev 3.5 744309025 ERJ-3EKF20R0V ERJ-3EKF1270V ERJ-3EKF2701V ERJ-3EKF7501V ERJ-3EKF4992V IR3846MPBF Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 EXTERNALLY BIASED SINGLE SUPPLY Vin Cpvin1 330uF Cpvin2 7 x 22uF Ren2 41.2 K Cpvin3 0.1uF Ren1 21 K En PVin SW Vin Cvin 1uF VSNS Vp Vcc Cvcc 10uF Rpg 10 K Comp Vref Rt/Sync Rt 39.2 K FB AGND Rsns2 4.53 K Rsns1 4.53 K Cout 6 x 100 uF Vo Co1 0.1 uF RSRSo PGood Cref 100pF Lo 0.190uH RS+ IR3846 OCselect PGood Cboot 0.1uF Boot Rbode 20 Cc3 100pF PGND Cc2 8.2nF Rc2 3.9 K Rfb2 4.53 K Cc1 2200pF Rc1 78.7 Rfb1 4.53 K Figure 39: Application circuit for a 5V to 1.2V, 25A Point of Load Converter Suggested bill of material for application circuit 5V to 1.2V Part Reference Cpvin1 Cpvin2 Cref Cvin Cvcc Cpvin3 Cboot Co1 Cc1 Cc2 Cc3 Cout1 Qty 1 7 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 6 Value 330uF 22uF 100pF 1.0uF 10uF 0.1uF 2200pF 8.2nF 100pF 100uF Description SMD, electrolytic, 25V, 20% 1206, 25V, X5R, 10% 0603, 50V, C0G, 5% 0603, 25V, X5R, 20% 0603, 10V, X5R, 20% 0603, 25V, X7R, 10% 0603, 50V, X7R, 10% 0603, 50V, X7R, 10% 0603, 50V, NPO, 5% 1206, 6.3V, X5R, 20% L0 1 0.190uH 10x6.8x7.3mm, DCR=0.20m Rbd Rc1 Rc2 Ren1 Ren2 Rfb1 Rfb2 Rsns1Rsns1 Rt Rpg 1 1 1 1 1 20 78.7 3.9K 21K 41.2K 4 U1 40 Part Number EEV-FK1E331P GRM31CR61E226KE15L GRM1885C1H101JA01D GRM188R61E105KA12D C1608X5R1A106M GRM188R71E104KA01D GRM188R71H222KA01D GRM188R71H822KA01D GRM1885C1H101JA01D GRM31CR60J107ME39L Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Manufacturer Panasonic Murata Murata Murata TDK Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata InterTechnical,LLC Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic 4.53K Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Panasonic ERJ-3EKF4531V 1 1 39.2K 10K Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% Thick Film, 0603, 1/10W, 1% ERJ-3EKF3922V ERJ-3EKF1002V 1 IR3846 PQFN 5x7mm Panasonic Panasonic International Rectifier Rev 3.5 SL40307A-R19KHF ERJ-3EKF20R0V ERJ-3EKF78R7V ERJ-3EKF3901V ERJ-3EKF2102V ERJ-3EKF4122V IR3846MPBF Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL OPERATING WAVEFORMS Vin=PVin=12V, Vout=1.2V, Iout=0-35A, Fs=600kHz, Room Temperature, No Air Flow Figure 40: Startup with full load, Enable Signal CH1:Vin, CH2:Vout, CH3:PGood, CH4:Enable Figure 41: Startup with full load, VCC signal CH1:Vin, CH2:Vout, CH3:PGood, CH4:VCC Figure 42: Vout Startup with Pre-Bias, 1.08V Ch2:Vout, CH3:PGood Figure 43: Recovery from Hiccup CH2:Vout, CH3:PGood, CH4:Iout Figure 44: Inductor Switch Node at full load CH2:SW Figure 45: Output Voltage Ripple at full load CH2:Vout 41 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL OPERATING WAVEFORMS Vin=PVin=12V, Vout=1.2V, Iout=3.5-14A, Fs=600kHz, Room Temperature, No air flow Figure 46: Vout Transient Response, 3.5A to 14.0A step at 2.5A/uSec CH2:Vout, CH4:Iout 42 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL OPERATING WAVEFORMS Vin=PVin=12V, Vout=1.2V, Iout=24.5-35A, Fs=600kHz, Room Temperature, No air flow Figure 47: Vout Transient Response, 24.5A to 35A step at 2.5A/uSec CH2:Vout, CH4:Iout 43 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL OPERATING WAVEFORMS Vin=PVin=12V, Vout=1.2V, Iout=35A, Fs=600kHz, Room Temperature, No air flow Figure 48: Bode Plot with 35A load: Fo = 100.6 kHz, Phase Margin = 52.5 Degrees 44 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 TYPICAL OPERATING WAVEFORMS Vin=PVin=12V, Vout=1.2V, Iout=0-35A, Fs=600kHz, Room Temperature, No air flow Figure 49: Efficiency versus load current Figure 50: Power Loss versus load current 45 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 LAYOUT RECOMMENDATIONS The layout is very important when designing high frequency switching converters. Layout will affect noise pickup and can cause a good design to perform with less than expected results. Make the connections for the power components in the top layer with wide, copper filled areas or polygons. In general, it is desirable to make proper use of power planes and polygons for power distribution and heat dissipation. The inductor, input capacitors, output capacitors and the IR3846 should be as close to each other as possible. This helps to reduce the EMI radiated by the power traces due to the high switching currents through them. Place the input capacitor directly at the PVin pin of IR3846. The feedback part of the system should be kept away from the inductor and other noise sources. The critical bypass components such as capacitors for PVin, Vin and VCC should be close to their respective pins. It is important to place the feedback components including feedback resistors and compensation components close to Fb and Comp pins. In a multilayer PCB use at least one layer as a power ground plane and have a control circuit ground (analog ground), to which all signals are referenced. The goal is to localize the high current path to a separate loop that does not interfere with the more sensitive analog control function. These two grounds must be connected together on the PC board layout at a single point. It is recommended to place all the compensation parts over the analog ground plane in top layer. The Power QFN is a thermally enhanced package. Based on thermal performance it is recommended to use at least a 6-layers PCB. To effectively remove heat from the device the exposed pad should be connected to the ground plane using vias. Figure 51a-f illustrates the implementation of the layout guidelines outlined above, on the IRDC3846 6-layer demo board. Vout - Ground path between VIN- and VOUT- should be minimized with maximum copper - Bypass caps should be placed as close as possible to their connecting pins PGND PVin - Filled vias placed under PGND and PVin pads to help thermal performance. - Compensation parts should be placed as close as possible to the Comp pins - Single point connection between AGND & PGND, should be placed near the part and kept away from noise sources AGND PGND - SW node copper is kept only at the top layer to minimize the switching noise Figure 51a: IRDC3846 Demo board Layout Considerations - Top Layer 46 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 Vout PVin PGND Figure 51b: IRDC3846 Demo board Layout Considerations - Bottom Layer PGND Figure 51c: IRDC3846 Demo board Layout Considerations - Mid Layer 1 PGND Figure 51d: IRDC3846 Demo board Layout Considerations - Mid Layer 2 47 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 Vout PVin PGND Figure 51e: IRDC3846 Demo board Layout Considerations - Mid Layer 3 -Feedback and Vsns traces routing should be kept away from noise sources PGND Remote Sense Traces - tap output where voltage value is critical. - Avoid noisy areas and noise coupling. - RS+ and RS- lines near each other. - Minimize trace resistance. Figure 51f: IRDC3846 Demo board Layout Considerations - Mid Layer 4 48 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 PCB METAL AND COMPONENT PLACEMENT Evaluations have shown that the best overall performance is achieved using the substrate/PCB layout as shown in following figures. PQFN devices should be placed to an accuracy of 0.050mm on both X and Y axes. Self-centering behavior is highly dependent on solders and processes, and experiments should be run to confirm the limits of selfcentering on specific processes. For further (R) information, please refer to "SupIRBuck Multi-Chip Module (MCM) Power Quad Flat No-Lead (PQFN) Board Mounting Application Note." (AN1132) PAD SIZES PCB SPACING 49 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 SOLDER RESIST IR recommends that the larger Power or Land Area pads are Solder Mask Defined (SMD). This allows the underlying Copper traces to be as large as possible, which helps in terms of current carrying capability and device cooling capability. When using SMD pads, the underlying copper traces should be at least 0.05mm larger (on each edge) than the Solder Mask window, in order to accommodate any layer to layer misalignment. (i.e. 0.1mm in X & Y). PAD SIZES However, for the smaller Signal type leads around the edge of the device, IR recommends that these are Non Solder Mask Defined or Copper Defined. When using NSMD pads, the Solder Resist Window should be larger than the Copper Pad by at least 0.025mm on each edge, (i.e. 0.05mm in X & Y), in order to accommodate any layer to layer misalignment. Ensure that the solder resist in-between the smaller signal lead areas are at least 0.15mm wide, due to the high x/y aspect ratio of the solder mask strip. PAD SPACING 2 50 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 STENCIL DESIGN Stencils for PQFN can be used with thicknesses of 0.100-0.250mm (0.004-0.010"). Stencils thinner than 0.100mm are unsuitable because they deposit insufficient solder paste to make good solder joints with the ground pad; high reductions sometimes create similar problems. Stencils in the range of 0.125mm-0.200mm (0.005-0.008"), with suitable reductions, give the best results. Evaluations have shown that the best overall performance is achieved using the stencil design shown in following figure. This design is for a stencil thickness of 0.127mm (0.005"). The reduction should be adjusted for stencils of other thicknesses. SOLDER PASTE STENCIL PAD SIZES 51 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 SOLDER PASTE STENCIL PAD SPACING (DETAIL 1) SOLDER PASTE STENCIL PAD SPACING (DETAIL 2) MARKING INFORMATION PIN 1 LOGO PART NUMBER SITE/DATE/MARKING CODE 3846 ?YWW? XXXX LOT CODE Figure 52: Marking Information 52 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 PACKAGING INFORMATION DIMENSION TABLE SYMBOL MINIMUM NOMINAL MAXIMUM A 0.80 0.90 1.00 A1 0.00 0.02 0.05 SIDE VIEW (Back) PIN 1 A3 A B 0.203 Ref b1 0.45 0.50 0.55 b2 0.30 0.35 0.40 b3 0.20 0.25 0.30 b4 0.325 0.375 0.425 D 1 5.00 BSC E SIDE VIEW (Left) SIDE VIEW (Right) TOP VIEW C SIDE VIEW (Front) 7.00 BSC D1 3.450 3.500 3.550 E1 1.725 1.775 1.825 D2 0.725 0.775 0.825 E2 1.292 1.342 1.392 D3 1.823 1.873 1.923 E3 1.932 1.982 2.032 L1 0.35 0.40 0.45 L2 0.822 0.872 0.922 e1 0.500 BSC e2 0.625 BSC e3 1.125 BSC e4 1.250 BSC e5 0.925 BSC e6 1.373 BSC e7 0.825 BSC e8 0.750 BSC aaa 0.05 bbb 0.10 ccc 0.10 ddd 0.05 eee 0.08 N 34 PIN 1 (R0.20) 1 1 53 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALIFICATIONS Industrial Qualification Level Moisture Sensitivity Level 5mm x 7mm PQFN Class A Machine Model (JESD22-A115A) <200V Human Body Model (JESD22-A114F) ESD MSL2 Charged Device Model (JESD22-C101D) RoHS Compliant Class 1C 1000V to <2000V Class III 500V to 1000V Yes REVISION HISTORY Rev. 54 Date Description 3.0 8/1/2013 Initial DR3 Release 3.1 10/3/2013 Correct typos and equation Added thermal derating data 3.2 4/16/2014 Update ordering options Correct typos 3.3 11/19/2014 Change MSL Correct packaging information Correct block diagram Correct typos 3.4 11/6/2015 Correct package marking Correct package drawings 3.5 2/5/2016 Update POD, converted to Infineon format Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 IR3846 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munchen, Germany (c) Infineon Technologies AG 2016 All Rights Reserved. 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It is the responsibility of customer's technical departments to evaluate the suitability of the product for the intended application and the completeness of the product information given in this document with respect to such application. For further information on the product, technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies office (www.infineon.com). WARNINGS Due to technical requirements products may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies office. Except as otherwise explicitly approved by Infineon Technologies in a written document signed by authorized representatives of Infineon Technologies, Infineon Technologies' products may not be used in any applications where a failure of the product or any consequences of the use thereof can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. 55 Rev 3.5 Feb 05, 2016 Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing, Inventory, Delivery & Lifecycle Information: International Rectifier: IR3846MTRPBF