Flat Panel Displays Overcoming High-Ambient Light Conditions Ferdinand Tercenio, Display BU Sr. Applications Engineer Class ID: 4C04I Renesas Electronics America Inc. (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Ferdinand Tercenio Senior Applications Engineer - REA Display Business Unit Provide Technical Customer Support on LCD applications in the Americas - Advise solutions to common LCD problems - Debug and troubleshoot customer's application - Work with NLT Technologies in Japan to resolve advanced technical issues Examine REA LCD RMA issues requiring further analysis - Scrutinize panel failure - Investigate for reasons of failure Assist of building demonstration computers and display housings for field demo program - Manage Inventory - Design and Specify custom peripherals - Add software support - Debug systems 12 years engineering experience in the Display BU 2 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Renesas Technology & Solution Portfolio 3 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Display Module Solutions Sophisticated solutions Sustainable support LED Backlight LCDs Low power consumption Long life LEDs Backlight LCDs Thin profile andLED light weight design Enhanced Replaceable LED light source unit Enhanced View TFT (EVT) Suited for a variety of ambient-light environments Proprietary transflective LCD technologies - Reflective-Enhanced View TFT (R-EVT) - Transmissive-Enhanced View TFT (T-EVT) View TFT (EVT) Suited for a variety of ambient-light environments Wide Format LCDs More data on a single screen 16:9 aspect ratio Proprietary transflective LCD technologies High luminance and wide color gamut - Reflective-Enhanced View TFT (R-EVT) Superior image quality Ultra-wide viewing angles - Transmissive-Enhanced View TFT (T-EVT) Industrial Mobile Displays Robust feature sets Long-term product support Amorphous silicon (A-Si) displays Low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) displays Wide Format LCDs 4 Super-Fine TFT (SFT) (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Emerging Technologies 2D/3D displays On-cell touch PCAP touch Innovation 5 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. `Enabling The Smart Society' Challenge: "In the smart society, obtaining information anywhere one goes will be typical. Usually it is through a display and being able to view these information under the sun via a portable devices or fix stations will require some classes of displays." Solution: "This class will introduce you to the technologies that are used to overcome high ambient light conditions, understand what light can do to displays and what NLT can do to provide and help solve these problems." 6 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Agenda Properties of Light Viewability in High Ambient Light Conditions Solutions for High Ambient Light Conditions Technology Overview 7 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Properties of Light 8 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Properties of Light Specular Reflection - the mirror-like reflection of light. Normal Regular reflection 9 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Properties of Light Refraction - the change in direction of light when passing through one transparent medium to another. AIR GLASS 10 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Properties of Light Diffusion - incident light is reflected in many directions 11 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Properties of Light Glare - Reduction of contrast of the source image due to high incident light reflections. 12 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Issues Affecting FPD Viewability in High Ambient Light 13 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Environmental conditions Outdoor or direct sunlight 14 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Reflection & Glare in Strong Sunlight Standard AG surface High reflection Low contrast 15 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Enhanced for sunlight readability Low reflection Improved contrast Attributes That Affect Viewability Front of screen peak luminance Contrast Standard Clear Surface Enhanced Panel Clearer but still whitish Higher Luminance and More Contrast 16 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Solutions for High Ambient Light Conditions 17 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. CCFL Backlight Systems High bright CCFL Touch panels will reduce a display's luminance and increase surface reflections making it harder to see. Extreme brightness of 1100 nits offsets the reduction of luminance and reflection. High bright CCFL backlight system NL8060BC31-36 1100 nits 18 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. LED Backlight Systems High bright LED To improve backlight life, NLT Technologies, Ltd. optimized the LED alignment and heat dissipation design achieving a high bright LED backlight system comparable to high bright CCFL backlights. High bright LED backlight system NL10276BC24-21F 800 nits @ 50mA/circuit 1000 nits @ 70m/circuit 19 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. CCFL vs. LED Backlight Systems CCFL LED Linear type Spot type AC High voltage INV creates harmonic noise DC 15 to 100% 0 to 100% Significant thermal independence Linear thermal independence Luminance:10% Chromaticity:0.010 Luminance: over 10% Chromaticity:0.025 High 40% lower than CCFL Low start-ability and shorter life at low temperatures Exothermic Small amount of Mercury Mercury free Light source type Drive method Dimming range Thermal property Optical property deviation Power consumption Thermal performance Environmental 20 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. CCFL vs. LED Backlighting Relative luminance vs. temperature Luminance Relative LED CCFL Temperature 21 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Brightness Enhancement Film (BEF) The film is inserted into a backlight to direct diffusive light from a light source. Polarizer LCD panel Polarizer Directed and enhanced light Backlight BEF film Light from a light source 22 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Reflective Polarizer Film (DBEF, APCF and etc...) Reflective polarizer made of multi layer plastic film. Reflects and transmits light from backlight selectively. Polarizer LCD panel P P+S P+S P+S On the film S wave is reflected and goes back into a backlight and recycled. P Polarizer The recycled light is mixed with S and P wave again. Reflective polarizer film Recycle P P+S S Recycle P+S S Recycle P+S S Backlight 23 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. P Reflective Polarizer Film (DBEF, APCF and etc...) By using the Reflective Polarizer Film, the brightness is boosted 1.3 to 1.6 times. By adding with another BEF film in a backlight, the brightness can be boosted further more. Luminance ratio 2.5 -60 24 2.0 1.5 1.0 Reflective polarizer added Backlight luminance 0.5 -40 -20 0 20 40 Viewing angle () (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 60 AG & AR Passive Enhancement Films Anti-Glare (AG) - diffuses reflection Anti-Reflective (AR) - negates reflection Negates Reflection Diffuses Reflection AR Incident light Reflection AG Reflection Incident light AG surface AR surface LCD AG 25 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. LCD AR Anti-Reflection Film The difference in reflection index and path creates a phase difference that negates the effect. Negates reflection by Interference Incident light Reflection 1 Reflection 2 Incident light Incident Light Interface Reflection Reflection AR treatment AR treatment LCD panel LCD Panel Transmitted light 26 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. AR Film Details Front Low index layer (Sio2 and etc.) High index layer (TiO2, ITO, Nb2O5 and etc.) SiO2 High index layer (TiO2) SiO2 Hard coat or Anti-glare layer Base film (TAC, PET and etc.) Adhesive material Back 27 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. AG Film Details Front Plastic layer including silica or plastic beads TAC (Triacetylcellulose ) PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol ) TAC (Triacetylcellulose ) Adhesive material Back 28 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Glass Overlay vs. Direct Bonding Glass Overlay Direct Bond + AR Coating Surface reflection about 0.2% Glass 29 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Glass Direct Bonding AR coated glass attached directly to the LCD surface using bonding material 30 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Solution Comparisons 32 Cost Weight Complexity High bright backlight High Middle to heavy Very complex AG or AR film Low Low Good Bonding and Special overlays Very High Very heavy Very complex (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Technology Overview 33 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Enhanced View TFT (EVT) Proprietary transflective LCD technologies Reflective-Enhanced View TFT (R-EVT) - Formerly known as SR-NLT Transmissive-Enhanced View TFT (T-EVT) - Formerly known as ST-NLT Suited for a variety of ambient-light environments 34 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. R-EVT - Reflective-Enhanced View TFT Backlight ON or OFF - Highly reflective surface, great for direct sunlight applications where backlight is normally off for maximum power savings 35 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. R-EVT Mechanism Transflective pattern Transmissive area Regular TN pattern model 36 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. R-EVT pattern model R-EVT Mechanism With full flat reflective pattern only frontal reflection can be seen. Tiny bumpy reflective pattern makes the reflection more diffused. The reflection pattern design is the most crucial. Refraction index from gap between the reflective pattern and air has to be taken into consideration Air Polarizer 37 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Reflective pattern R-EVT - Bright Ambient Contrast ) Sunlight Contrast Bright ambient contrast 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Transmissive SR-NLT Reflective 100 Indoor 1000 10000 Rainy sky 100000 Clear sky Lx) R-EVT has a medium contrast property between complete reflective and transmissive. 38 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. R-EVT Comparison Standard TN with BL Off Reflection ratio: ~0% 39 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. R-EVT with BL Off NEC NL10276BC20-10 Reflection ratio: 35% R-EVT Comparison NLT NL10276BC20-10 Backlight ON @ 175 nits Backlight OFF @ 0 nits Reflection ratio: 35% To contain reflection, even for R-EVT, AR is recommended as best Contrast ratio: Transmissive: 150:1 Transflective: 15:1 40 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. T-EVT - Transmissive-Enhanced View TFT Backlight ON - High efficient backlight + proprietary AR 41 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. T-EVT - Transmissive-Enhanced View TFT Bright ambient contrast Bright ambient contrast 100 Competitor LCD 800nits Competitor LCD 800nits NL10276BC30-18C 600nits NL10276BC30-18C 600nits Sunlight Contrast 600 Magnified Graph 400 50 200 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 Luminance (Lx) T-EVT is better in bright ambient 42 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 8000 12000 16000 Luminance (Lx) 20000 Contrast Ratio in Sunlight Direct Bonding ST-NLT Normal LCD 43 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 3:1 is minimum contrast ratio to see image in sunlight Competitive Comparison Competitor LCD T-EVT NLT NL10276BC30-18C 800 nits 600 nits 200 nits lower but more viewable 44 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Examples of High Bright LED Backlight Systems NL6448BC20-30C/30F 900nits NL6448BC33-70C/70F 800nits NL8060BC21-11C/11F 800 nits 45 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Advantages of R-EVT & T-EVT R-EVT & T-EVT products carry full manufacturer's warranty. NLT uses "passive" enhancements and avoids the reliability pitfalls of high brighting or overdriving lighting components by "brute force". (R-EVT) While most customers shop "peak luminance" figures what they should buy is "contrast". (R-EVT & T-EVT ) An NLT T-EVT panel @ 375 nits equals a standard panel @ 810 nits. Overdriving backlights is not needed. In standard TN, increasing the peak (white) luminance, black level also rises making the panel no better in contrast. It may actually cause "wash out". Our T-EVT maintains contrast. 46 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. NLT LED Driver Board Same footprint as CCFL boards Support up to 6 series LED strings Compact size 47 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. High Bright LED Backlight Systems NLT LED driver line up Size 6.5 6.5 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 9 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 15 48 Part No. NL6448BC2030/30D NL6448BC2030C/30F NL6448BC26- 26/26D/27/27D NL6448BC26- 26C/26F/27C/27F NL8060BC21- 10/10D/11/11D NL8060BC21- 10C/10F/11C/11F NL8048BC24- 09/09D NL6448BC33- 70/70D/71/71D NL6448BC33- 70C/70F/71C/71F NL8060BC26- 35/35D/36/36D NL8060BC26- 35C/35F/36C/36F NL10276BC20- 18/18D NL8060BC31- 46/46D/47/47D NL8060BC31- 46C/46F/47C/47F NL8060BC31- 50C/50F NL12880BC20- 05/05D NL10276BC30- 34D (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. LED driver board 104PW03F 104PW03F 104PW03F 104PW03F 104PW03F 104PW03F 104PW03F 104PW03F 104PW01F 104PW03F 104PW01F 104PW02F 121PW02F 104PW03F 104PW03F 104PW03F 150PW02F Driver board harness 121CBL02 121CBL02 121CBL02 121CBL02 121CBL02 121CBL02 121CBL02 121CBL02 121CBL02 121CBL02 121CBL02 104CBL01 121CBL02 121CBL02 121CBL03 121CBL03 150CBL02 LED Lifetime @ Temperature 50 Relative Luminance 100 (%) 25 55 70 80 1 10 100 1000 Hours of Operation 49 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 10000 100000 (Hrs) LED Lifetime vs. Drive Current @ Temperature 8mA 70 50 Relative Luminance 100 (%) 14mA 70 20mA 70 1 10 100 1000 Hours of Operation 50 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. 10000 100000 (Hrs) Additional Comments Power is not free Higher power designs are typically more complex, larger & expensive. Higher power in the form of heat. Higher operating temperatures create opportunities for failure. Larger mechanical "footprint" dictates larger product designs. 51 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Summary Properties of Light Viewability in High Ambient Light Conditions Solutions for High Ambient Light Conditions Technology Overview 52 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Innovation 53 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Questions? 54 (c) 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. `Enabling The Smart Society' Challenge: "In the smart society, obtaining information anywhere one goes will be typical. Usually it is through a display and being able to view these information under the sun via a portable devices or fix stations will require some classes of displays." Solution: "This class will introduce you to the technologies that are used to overcome high ambient light conditions, understand what light can do to displays and what NLT can do to provide and help solve these problems." 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