LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM SmartMesh WirelessHART Node Wireless Mote Module Network Features n n n n Description Complete Radio Transceiver, Embedded Processor, and Networking Software for Forming a Self-Healing Mesh Network Compliant to WirelessHART (IEC62591) Standard SmartMesh(R) Networks Incorporate: n Time synchronized Network-Wide Scheduling n Per Transmission Frequency Hopping n Redundant Spatially Diverse Topologies n Network-Wide Reliability and Power Optimization n NIST Certified Security SmartMesh Networks Deliver: n >99.999% Network Reliability Achieved in the Most Challenging Dynamic RF Environments Often Found in Industrial Applications n Sub 50A Routing Nodes LTP5901/2-WHM FEATURES n n n Industry-leading low power radio technology with: n 4.5mA to receive a packet n 5.4mA to transmit at 0dBm n 9.7mA to transmit at 8dBm RF modular certifications include USA, Canada, EU, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand PCB assembly with chip antenna (LTP5901-WHM) or with MMCX antenna connector (LTP5902-WHM). QFN version (LTC(R)5800-WHM) available SmartMesh WirelessHART wireless sensor networks are self managing, low power networks built from wireless nodes called motes. The LTPTM5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM is the WirelessHART mote product in the Eterna(R)* family of IEEE 802.15.4 printed circuit board assembly solutions, featuring a highly-integrated, low power radio design by Dust Networks(R) as well as an ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit microprocessor running Dust's embedded SmartMesh WirelessHART networking software. Both the LTP5901WHM (with chip antenna), at 24mm x 42mm, and the LTP5902-WHM (with MMCX connector), at 24mm x 37mm, are designed for surface mount assembly. With Dust's time-synchronized WirelessHART networks, all motes in the network may route, source or terminate data, while providing many years of battery powered operation. The SmartMesh WirelessHART software provided with the LTP5901/2-WHM is fully tested and validated, and is readily configured via a software Application Programming Interface (API). SmartMesh WirelessHART motes deliver a highly flexible network with proven reliability and low power performance in an easy-to-integrate platform. L, LT, LTC, LTM, Eterna, SmartMesh, Linear Technology, the Linear logo, Dust and Dust Networks are registered trademarks and LTP and the Dust Networks logo are trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Protected by U.S. Patents, including 7375594, 7420980, 7529217, 7791419, 7881239, 7898322, 8222965. * Eterna is Dust Networks' low power radio SoC architecture. Typical Application MANAGER LTP5901-WHM EXPANDED VIEW LTP5903-WHR MOTE ANTENNA MOTE IN+ SENSOR LTC2379-18 SPI CONTROLLER UART UART ETHERNET IN- HOST APPLICATION MOTE MOTE MOTE 59012whm TA01 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 1 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Table of Contents Network Features........................................... 1 LTP5901/2-WHM FEATURES............................... 1 Typical Application ......................................... 1 Description.................................................. 1 Smartmesh Network Overview............................ 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................... 4 Pin Configuration........................................... 4 Order Information........................................... 5 Recommended Operating Conditions.................... 5 DC Characteristics.......................................... 5 Radio Specifications....................................... 6 Radio Receiver Characteristics........................... 6 Radio Transmitter Characteristics........................ 7 Digital I/O Characteristics................................. 7 Temperature Sensor Characteristics..................... 8 Analog Input Chain Characteristics...................... 8 System Characteristics.................................... 8 UART AC Characteristics................................... 9 TIMEn AC Characteristics................................. 10 Radio Inhibit AC Characteristics......................... 10 Flash AC Characteristics.................................. 11 Flash SPI Slave AC Characteristics..................... 11 Typical Performance Characteristics................... 13 Pin Functions............................................... 17 Operation................................................... 21 Power Supply........................................................... 21 Supply Monitoring and Reset.................................. 21 Precision Timing...................................................... 21 Application Time Synchronization...........................23 Time References......................................................23 Radio.......................................................................23 UARTs......................................................................23 Autonomous MAC.................................................... 24 Security...................................................................25 Temperature Sensor................................................25 Radio Inhibit............................................................25 Software Installation................................................25 Flash Data Retention................................................25 State Diagram..........................................................26 Applications Information................................. 28 Regulatory and Standards Compliance.................... 28 Soldering Information.............................................. 28 Related Documentation................................... 28 Package Description...................................... 29 Revision History........................................... 31 Typical Application........................................ 32 Related Parts............................................... 32 59012whmfa 2 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Smartmesh Network Overview A SmartMesh network consists of a self-forming multi-hop, mesh of nodes, known as motes, which collect and relay data, and a Network Manager that monitors and manages network performance and security, and exchanges data with a host application. SmartMesh networks communicate using a Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) link layer, pioneered by Dust Networks. In a TSCH network, all motes in the network are synchronized to within less than a millisecond. Time in the network is organized into timeslots, which enables collision-free packet exchange and per-transmission channel-hopping. In a SmartMesh network, every device has one or more parents (e.g. mote 3 has motes 1 and 2 as parents) that provide redundant paths to overcome communications interruption due to interference, physical obstruction or multi-path fading. If a packet transmission fails on one path, the next retransmission may try on a different path and different RF channel. A network begins to form when the network manager instructs its on-board Access Point (AP) radio to begin sending advertisements - packets that contain information that enables a device to synchronize to the network and request to join. This message exchange is part of the security handshake that establishes encrypted communications between the manager or application, and mote. Once motes have joined the network, they maintain synchronization through time corrections when a packet is acknowledged. The Network Manager uses health reports to continually optimize the network to maintain >99.999% data reliability even in the most challenging RF environments. The use of TSCH allows SmartMesh devices to sleep inbetween scheduled communications and draw very little power in this state. Motes are only active in timeslots where they are scheduled to transmit or receive, typically resulting in a duty cycle of < 1%. The optimization software in the Network Manager coordinates this schedule automatically. When combined with the Eterna low power radio, every mote in a SmartMesh network - even busy routing ones - can run on batteries for years. By default, all motes in a network are capable of routing traffic from other motes, which simplifies installation by avoiding the complexity of having distinct routers vs. non-routing end nodes. Motes may be configured as non-routing to further reduce that particular mote's power consumption and to support a wide variety of network topologies. ALL NODES ARE ROUTERS. THEY CAN TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE. THIS NEW NODE CAN JOIN ANYWHERE BECAUSE ALL NODES CAN ROUTE. HOST APPLICATION SNO 02 NETWORK MANAGER AP Mote 1 Mote 2 Mote 3 SNO 01 An ongoing discovery process ensures that the network continually discovers new paths as the RF conditions change. In addition, each mote in the network tracks performance statistics (e.g. quality of used paths, and lists of potential paths) and periodically sends that information to the network manager in packets called health reports. At the heart of SmartMesh motes and network managers is the Eterna IEEE 802.15.4e System-on-Chip (SoC), featuring Dust Networks' highly-integrated, low power radio design, plus an ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit microprocessor running SmartMesh networking software. The SmartMesh networking software comes fully compiled yet is configurable via a rich set of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) which allows a host application to interact with the network, e.g. to transfer information to a device, to configure data publishing rates on one or more motes, or to monitor network state or performance metrics. Data publishing can be uniform or different for each device, with motes being able to publish infrequently or faster than once per second as needed. 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 3 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1, Note 2) Supply Voltage on VSUPPLY...................................4.20V Input Voltage on AI_0/1/2/3 Inputs..........................1.98V Voltage on any Digital I/O Pin..... -0.3V to VSUPPLY +0.3V Input RF Level.......................................................10dBm Storage Temperature Range (Note 3)...... -55C to 105C Pin Configuration Operating Temperature Range LTP5901I/LPT5902I..............................-40C to 85C CAUTION: This part is sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). It is very important that proper ESD precautions be observed when handling the LTP5901/LTP5902-WHM. Pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. GND 1 66 GND RESERVED 2 65 NC NC 3 64 RADIO_INHIBIT / GPIO15 GPIO17 4 63 TIMEn / GPIO1 GPIO18 5 62 UART_TX GPIO19 6 61 UART_TX_CTSn AI_2 7 60 UART_TX_RTSn AI_1 8 59 UART_RX AI_3 9 58 UART_RX_CTSn AI_0 10 57 UART_RX_RTSn GND 11 56 GND RESERVED 12 55 VSUPPLY NC 13 54 RESERVED NC 14 53 NC RESETn 15 52 NC TDI 16 51 FLASH_P_ENn / GPIO2 TDO 17 50 SPIS_SSn / SDA TMS 18 49 SPIS_SCK / SCL TCK 19 48 SPIS_MOSI / GPIO26 / UARTC1_RX GND 20 47 SPIS_MISO / 1_WIRE / UARTC1_TX DP4 (GPIO23) 21 46 PWM0 / GPIO16 RESERVED 22 45 DP1 (GPIO20) / TIMER16_IN RESERVED 23 44 SPIM_SS_0n / GPIO12 RESERVED 24 43 SPIM_SS_1n / GPIO13 DP3 (GPIO22) / TIMER8_IN 25 42 GND DP2 (GPIO21) / LPTIMER_IN 26 41 SPIM_SCK / GPIO9 SLEEPn / GPIO14 27 40 SPIM_MOSI / GPIO10 DP0 (GPIO0) / SPIM_SS_2n 28 39 IPCS_SSn / GPIO3 NC 29 38 SPIM_MISO / GPIO11 GND 30 37 GND PC PACKAGE IPCS_SCK / GPIO4 GND 34 35 36 IPCS_MOSI / GPIO5 IPCS_MISO / GP106 UARTCO_TX UARTCO_RX 31 32 33 66-LEAD PCB 59012whmfa 4 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Order Information LEAD FREE FINISH PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LTP5901IPC-WHMA#PBF LTP5901IPC-WHMA#PBF 66-Lead (42mm x 24mm x 5.5mm) PCB with Chip Antenna -40C to 85C LTP5902IPC-WHMA#PBF LTP5902IPC-WHMA#PBF 66-Lead (37.5mm x 24mm x 5.5mm) PCB with MMCX Connector -40C to 85C This product ships with the flash erased at the time of order. OEMs will need to program devices during development and manufacturing. For legacy part numbers and ordering information go to: http://www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM#orderinfo or http://www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM#orderinfo *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ Recommended Operating Conditions The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VSUPPLY Supply Voltage MIN Including Noise and Load Regulation l Supply Noise 50Hz to 2MHz l Operating Relative Humidity Non-Condensing l Temperature Ramp Rate While Operating in Network l TYP 2.1 MAX UNITS 3.76 V 250 mV 10 90 %RH -8 8 C/Min DC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. OPERATION/STATE CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Power-on Reset During Power-on Reset, Maximum 750s + VSUPPLY Rise Time from 1V to 1.9V 12 mA Doze RAM on, ARM Cortex-M3, Flash, Radio, and Peripherals Off, All Data and State Retained, 32.768kHz Reference Active 1.2 A Deep Sleep RAM on, ARM Cortex-M3, Flash, Radio, and Peripherals Off, All Data and State Retained, 32.768kHz Reference Inactive 0.8 A In-circuit Programming RESETn and FLASH_P_ENn Asserted, IPCS_SCK at 8MHz 20 mA Peak Operating Current +8dBm +0dBm System Operating at 14.7MHz, Radio Transmitting, During Flash Write. Maximum duration 4.33 ms. 30 26 mA mA Active ARM Cortex M3, RAM and Flash Operating, Radio and All Other Peripherals Off. Clock Frequency of CPU and Peripherals Set to 7.3728MHz, VCORE = 1.2V 1.3 mA Flash Write Single Bank Flash Write 3.7 mA Single Bank Page or Mass Erase 2.5 mA Radio Tx +0dBm +8dBm Flash Erase Current With Autonomous MAC Managing Radio Operation, CPU Inactive. Clock Frequency of CPU and Peripherals Set to 7.3728MHz. 5.4 9.7 mA mA Radio Rx Current With Autonomous MAC Managing Radio Operation, CPU Inactive. Clock Frequency of CPU and Peripherals Set to 7.3728MHz. 4.5 mA 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 5 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Radio Specifications The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP 2.4000 MAX UNITS 2.4835 GHz Frequency Band l Number of Channels l 15 Channel Separation l 5 MHz l 2405 + 5*(k-11) MHz 250 kbps Channel Center Frequency Where k = 11 to 25, as Defined by IEEE.802.15.4 Raw Data Rate l Antenna Pin ESD Protection HBM Per JEDEC JESD22-A114F Range (Note 4) Indoor Outdoor Free Space 25C, 50% RH, +2dBi Omni-Directional Antenna, Antenna 2m Above Ground 6000 V 100 300 1200 m m m Radio Receiver Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS Receiver Sensitivity Packet Error Rate (PER) = 1% (Note 5) -93 dBm Receiver Sensitivity PER = 50% -95 dBm Saturation Maximum Input Level the Receiver Will Properly Receive Packets Desired Signal at -82dBm, Adjacent Modulated Channel 5MHz Above the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5) Desired Signal at -82dBm, Adjacent Modulated Channel 5MHz Below the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5) Desired Signal at -82dBm, Alternate Modulated Channel 10MHz Above the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5) Desired Signal at -82dBm, Alternate Modulated Channel 10MHz Below the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5) Desired Signal at -82dBm, Second Alternate Modulated Channel Either 15MHz Above or Below, PER = 1% (Note 5) Desired Signal at -82dBm, Undesired Signal is an 802.15.4 Modulated Signal at the Same Frequency, PER = 1% 0 dBm 22 dBc 19 dBc 40 dBc 36 dBc 42 dBc -6 dBc LO Feed Through -55 dBm Frequency Error Tolerance (Note 6) 50 ppm Symbol Error Tolerance 50 ppm -90 to -10 dBm Adjacent Channel Rejection (High Side) Adjacent Channel Rejection (Low Side) Alternate Channel Rejection (High Side) Alternate Channel Rejection (Low Side) Second Alternate Channel Rejection Co-Channel Rejection MIN Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) Input Range RSSI Accuracy RSSI Resolution TYP MAX UNITS 6 dB 1 dB 59012whmfa 6 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Radio Transmitter Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS Output Power High Calibrated Setting Low Calibrated Setting Spurious Emissions Delivered to a 50 load 30 MHz to 1000 MHz 1 GHz to 12.75 GHz 2.4 GHz ISM Upper Band Edge (Peak) 2.4 GHz ISM Upper Band Edge (Average) 2.4 GHz ISM Lower Band Edge Harmonic Emissions 2nd Harmonic 3rd Harmonic RBW = 120kHz, VBW = 100Hz RBW = 1MHz, VBW = 3MHz RBW = 1MHz, VBW = 3MHz RBW = 1MHz, VBW = 10Hz RBW = 100kHz, VBW = 100kHz Conducted Measurement Delivered to a 50 Load, Resolution Bandwidth = 1MHz, Video Bandwidth = 1MHz. MIN TYP MAX UNITS 8 0 dBm dBm <-70 -45 -37 -49 -45 dBm dBm dBm dBm dBc -50 -45 dBm dBm Conducted Measurement with a 50 Single-ended Load, +8dBm Output Power. All Measurements Made with Max Hold. Digital I/O Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS VIL Low Level Input Voltage (Note 7) l -0.3 MIN TYP 0.6 V VIH High Level Input Voltage (Note 8) l VSUPPLY -0.3 V VOL Low Level Output Voltage Type 1, IOL(MAX) = 1.2mA l VSUPPLY +0.3 0.4 VOH High Level Output Voltage Type 1, IOH(MAX) = -0.8mA l VSUPPLY -0.3 V VOL Low Level Output Voltage Type 2, Low Drive, IOL(MAX) = 2.2mA l VSUPPLY +0.3 0.4 VOH High Level Output Voltage Type 2, Low Drive, IOH(MAX) = -1.6mA l V VOL Low Level Output Voltage Type 2, High Drive, IOL(MAX) = 4.5mA l VSUPPLY +0.3 0.4 VOH High Level Output Voltage Type 2, High Drive, IOH(MAX) = -3.2mA l VSUPPLY +0.3 V Input Leakage Current Input Driven to VSUPPLY or GND VSUPPLY -0.3 VSUPPLY -0.3 Pull-Up / Pull-Down Resistance MAX UNITS V V V 50 nA 50 k 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 7 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Temperature Sensor Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS Offset Temperature Offset Error at 25C MIN Slope Error TYP MAX UNITS 0.25 C 0.033 C/C Analog Input Chain Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN Variable Gain Amplifier Gain Gain Error DNL DNL INL TYP 1 Offset-Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) Full-scale Resolution Differential Non-Linearity Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Full-scale, Signal Resolution Offset Differential Non-Linearity Integral Non-Linearity Settling Time Conversion Time Current Consumption 8 2 1.80 4 1.80 1.8 1.4 Mid-Scale 10k Source Impedance 40 Analog Inputs (Note 9) Load Series Input Resistance MAX 2.7 12 1 1 10 20 20 1 UNITS % V Bits mV V mV LSB LSB LSB s s A pF k System Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN Doze to Active State Transition Doze to Radio Tx or Rx QCCA Charge to Sample RF Channel RSSI Charge Consumed Starting from Doze State and Completing an RSSI Measurement QMAX Largest Atomic Charge Operation Flash Erase, 21 ms Max duration RESETn Pulse Width MAX UNITS 5 s 1.2 ms 4 C 200 l l TYP 125 C s Total Capacitance Note 13 l 6 F Total Inductance Note 13 l 3 H 59012whmfa 8 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM UART AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER Permitted Rx Baud Rate Error CONDITIONS Both Application Programming Interface (API) and Command Line Interface (CLI) UARTs Both API and CLI UARTs l MIN -2 TYP MAX 2 UNITS % -1 0 1 2 % ms 0 0 20 22 ms ms 0 22 ms tRX_INTERBYTE Generated Tx Baud Rate Error Assertion of UART_RX_RTSn to Assertion of UART_RX_CTSn, or Negation of UART_RX_ RTSn to Negation of UART_RX_CTSn Assertion of UART_RX_CTSn to Start of Byte End of Packet (End of the Last Stop Bit) to Negation of UART_RX_RTSn Assertion of UART_TX_RTSn to Assertion of UART_TX_CTSn Negation of UART_TX_CTSn to Negation of UART_TX_RTSn Assertion of UART_TX_CTSn to Start of Byte End of Packet (End of the Last Stop Bit) to Negation of UART_TX_RTSn Receive Inter-Byte Delay tRX_INTERPACKET Receive Inter-Packet Delay l 20 ms tTX_INTERPACKET Transmit Inter-Packet Delay l 1 Bit Period tTX to TX_CTS Start of Byte to Negation of UART_TX_CTSn l 0 ns tRX_RTS to RX_CTS tCTS_R to RX tEOP to RX_RTS tBEG_TX_RTS to TX_CTS tEND_TX_CTS to TX_RTS tTX_CTS to TX tEOP to TX_RTS l l l l 2 l Bit Period 0 0 2 1 100 l Bit Period Bit Period ms tEOP to RX_RTS UART_RX_RTSn tRX_RTS to_RX_CTS tRX_RTS to_RX_CTS UART_RX_CTSn tRX_INTERBYTE tRX_CTS to RX UART_RX BYTE 0 BYTE 1 tEOP to TX_RTS UART_TX_RTSn tBEG_TX RTS to TX_CTS tEND_TX_CTS to_TX_RTS tEND_TX_RTS to_TX_CTS tTX to TX_CTS UART_TX_CTSn tTX_CTS to TX UART_TX BYTE 0 BYTE 1 59012whm F01 Figure 1. API UART Timing 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 9 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM TIMEn AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL tSTROBE PARAMETER TIMEn Signal Strobe Width l 125 tRESPONSE Delay from Rising Edge of TIMEn to the Start of Time Packet on API UART Delay from End of Time Packet on API UART to Falling Edge of Subsequent TIMEn Timestamp Resolution (Note 10) l 0 l 0 l 1 s Network-Wide Time Accuracy (Note 11) l 5 s tTIME_HOLD CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS s 100 ms ns tSTROBE tTIME_HOLD TIMEN tRESPONSE UART_TX TIME INDICATION PAYLOAD 59012whm F02 Figure 2. Timestamp Timing Radio Inhibit AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER tRADIO_OFF tRADIO_INHIBIT_STROBE CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Delay from Rising Edge of RADIO_INHIBIT to Radio Disabled l 20 ms Maximum RADIO_INHIBIT Strobe Width l 2 s tRADIO_INHIBIT_STROBE RADIO_INHIBIT tRADIO_OFF RADIO STATE ACTIVE/OFF OFF ACTIVE/OFF 59012whm F03 Figure 3. RADIO_INHIBIT Timing 59012whmfa 10 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Flash AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS tWRITE Time to Write a 32-bit Word (Note 12) l 21 s tPAGE_ERASE Time to Erase a 2KByte Page (Note 12) l 21 ms tMASS_ERASE Time to Erase 256KByte Flash Bank (Note 12) l 21 ms Data Retention MIN 25C 85C 105C TYP MAX 100 20 8 UNITS Years Years Years Flash SPI Slave AC Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted. (Note 13) SYMBOL PARAMETER tFP_EN_to_RESET Setup from Assertion of FLASH_P_ENn to Assertion of RESETn CONDITIONS l MIN 0 TYP MAX UNITS ns tFP_ENTER Delay from the Assertion RESETn to the First Falling Edge of IPCS_SSn l 125 s tFP_EXIT Delay from the Completion of the Last Flash SPI Slave Transaction to the Negation of RESETn and FLASH_P_ENn (Note 13) l 10 s tSSS IPCS_SSn Setup to the Leading Edge of IPCS_SCK l 15 ns tSSH IPCS_SSn Hold from Trailing Edge of IPCS_ SCK l 15 ns tCK IPCS_SCK Period l 300 ns tDIS IPCS_MOSI Data Setup l 15 ns tDIH IPCS_MOSI Data Hold l 5 tDOV IPCS_MISO Data Valid l -5 30 ns ns tOFF IPCS_MISO Data Tri-state l 0 30 ns 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 11 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM flash spi slave ac characteristics tFP_EN to_RESET FLASH_P_ENn tFP_ENTER tFP_EXIT RESETn tSSS tSSH IPCS_SSn tCK IPCS_SCK tDIS tDIH IPCS_MOSI 59012whm F04 Figure 4. Flash Programming Interface Timing Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. ESD protection devices are used extensively internal to Eterna. However, high electrostatic discharge can damage or degrade the device. Use proper ESD handling precautions. Note 3: Extended storage at high temperature is discouraged, as this negatively affects the data retention of Eterna's calibration data. See the FLASH Data Retention section for details. Note 4: Actual RF range is subject to a number of installation-specific variables including, but not restricted to ambient temperature, relative humidity, presence of active interference sources, line-of-sight obstacles, and near-presence of objects (for example, trees, walls, signage, and so on) that may induce multipath fading. As a result, range varies. Note 5: As Specified by IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2006: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for LowRate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) http://standards.ieee. org/findstds/standard/802.15.4-2011.html. Note 6: IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2006 requires transmitters to maintain a frequency tolerance of better than 40 ppm. Note 7: Per pin I/O types are provided in the Pin Functions section. Note 8: VIH maximum voltage input must respect the VSUPPLY maximum voltage specification. Note 9: The analog inputs to the ADC can be modeled as a series resistor to a capacitor. At a minimum the entire circuit, including the source impedance for the signal driving the analog input should be designed to settle to within 1/4 LSB within the sampling window to match the performance of the ADC. Note 10: See the SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote API Guide for the time indication notification definition. Note 11: Network time accuracy is a statistical measure and varies over the temperature range, reporting rate and the location of the device relative to the manager in the network. See the Typical Performance Characteristics section for a more detailed description. Note 12: Code execution from flash banks being written or erased is suspended until completion of the flash operation. Note 13: Guaranteed by design. Not production tested. 59012whmfa 12 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Typical Performance Characteristics Network motes typically route through at least two parents the traffic destined for the manager. The supply current graphs shown below include a parameter called traffic-weighted descendants. In these graphs the term traffic-weighted descendants refers to an amount of activity equivalent to the number of descendants if all of the network traffic was directed to the mote in question. Generally the number of descendants of a parent is more, typically 2x or more, than the number of traffic-weighted descendants. For example, with reference to Figure 6 mote P1 has 0.75 traffic-weighted descendants. To obtain this value notice that mote D1 routes half its packets through mote P1 adding 0.5 to the traffic-weighted descendant value; the other half of D1's traffic is routed through its other parent, P2. Mote D2 routes half its packets through mote D1 (the other half going through parent P3), which we know routes half its packets to mote P1, adding another 0.25 to the traffic-weighted descendant value for a total traffic-weighted descendant value of 0.75. as publishing rates increase. All synchronization testing was performed with the 1-hop mote inside a temperature chamber. Timing errors due to temperature changes and temperature differences both between the manager and this mote and between this mote and its descendents therefore propagated down through the network. The synchronization of the 3-hop and 5-hop motes to the manager was then affected by the temperature ramps even though they were at room temperature. For 2C/minute testing the temperature chamber was cycled between -40C and 85C at this rate for 24 hours. For 8C/minute testing, the temperature chamber was rapidly cycled between 85C and 45C for 8 hours, followed by rapid cycling between -5C and 45C for 8 hours, and lastly, rapid cycling between -40C and 15C for 8 hours. MANAGER P1 As described in the Application Time Synchronization section, Eterna provides two mechanisms for applications to maintain a time base across a network. The synchronization performance plots that follow were generated using the more precise TIMEn input. Publishing rate is the rate a mote application sends upstream data. Synchronization improves as the publishing rate increases. Baseline synchronization performance is provided for a network operating with a publishing rate of zero. Actual performance for applications in network will improve 120 10 8 MEDIAN LATENCY (s) SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 100 80 60 40 D2 7 Figure 6. Example Network Graph Supply Current vs Reporting Interval 250 TWD=TRAFFIC WEIGHTED DESCENDANTS 5 TWD 2 TWD 1 TWD 0 TWD 200 6 5 4 3 2 20 3-HOP 59012whm F06 5 HOPS 4 HOPS 3 HOPS 2 HOPS 1 HOPS 9 2-HOP D1 Packet Latency vs Reporting Interval TWD=TRAFFIC-WEIGHTED DESCENDANTS 5 TWD 30s REPORTING 2 TWD 5s REPORTING 2 TWD 30s REPORTING 0 TWD 5s REPORTING 0 TWD 30s REPORTING P3 SUPPLY CURRENT (A) Supply Current vs Temperature 1-HOP P2 150 100 50 1 0 -40 -20 0 40 60 20 TEMPERATURE (C) 80 0 0 5 10 20 25 15 REPORTING INTERVAL (s) 59012whm F05a 30 0 0 59012whm F05b 5 10 20 25 15 REPORTING INTERVAL (s) 30 59012whm F05c Figure 5 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 13 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Typical Performance Characteristics TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 3 Hops, Room Temperature = 0.1 = 35.0 30 N = 281490 25 20 15 10 5 300 -300 -100 0 100 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (s) 500 18 = 0.7 16 = 63.0 N = 281492 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -500 300 -300 -100 0 100 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (s) 8 6 4 2 0 -500 = 10.1 40 = 35.7 N = 92717 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 300 -300 -100 0 100 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (s) 500 = 7.2 = 75.9 12 N = 92717 10 8 6 4 2 300 -300 -100 0 100 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (s) 500 9 =6 8 = 125.7 N = 92719 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -500 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%) = 15.3 40 = 39.4 N = 91114 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 300 -300 -100 0 100 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (s) 500 59012whm G07 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 5 Hops, 8C/Min 14 = 10.9 = 81.5 12 N = 95165 10 8 6 4 2 0 -500 500 59012whm G06 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 3 Hops, 8C/Min 45 300 -300 -100 0 100 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (s) 59012whm G05 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 1 Hop, 8C/Min 500 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 5 Hops, 2C/Min 14 0 -500 300 -300 -100 0 100 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (s) 59012whm G03 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%) 45 59012whm G04 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%) = 0.8 = 110.7 10 N = 281493 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 3 Hops, 2C/Min NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%) NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%) TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 1 Hop, 2C/Min 0 -500 12 59012whm G02 59012whm G01 0 -500 500 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%) 0 -500 TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 5 Hops, Room Temperature NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%) 35 NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%) NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%) TIMEn Synchronization Error 0 Packet/s Publishing Rate, 1 Hop, Room Temperature 300 -300 -100 0 100 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (s) 500 8 = 10.7 7 = 136.8 N = 95167 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -500 59012whm G08 300 -300 -100 0 100 SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (s) 500 59012whm G09 59012whmfa 14 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Typical Performance Characteristics As described in the SmartMesh Network Overview section, devices in network spend the vast majority of their time inactive in their lowest power state (Doze). On a synchronous schedule a mote will wake to communicate with another mote. Regularly occurring sequences which wake, perform a significant function and return to sleep are considered atomic. These operations are considered atomic as the sequence of events can not be separated into smaller events while performing a useful function. For example, transmission of a packet over the radio is an atomic operation. Atomic operations may be characterized in either charge or energy. In a time slot where a mote successfully sends a packet, an atomic transmit includes setup prior to sending the message, sending the message, receiving the acknowledgment and the post processing needed as a result of the message being sent. Similarly in a time slot when a mote successfully receives a packet, an atomic receive includes setup prior to listening, listen- ing until the start of the packet transition, receiving the packet, sending the acknowledge and the post processing required due to the arrival of the packet. To ensure reliability each mote in the network is provided multiple time slots for each packet it nominally will send and forward. The time slots are assigned to communicate upstream with at least two different motes. When combined with frequency hopping this provides temporal, spatial and spectral redundancy. Given this approach a mote will often listen for a message that it will never receive, since the time slot is not being used by the transmitting mote. It has already successfully transmitted the packet. Since typically 3 timeslots are scheduled for every 1 packet to be sent or forwarded, motes will perform more of these atomic "Idle Listens" than atomic transmit or atomic receive sequences. Examples of transmit, receive and idle listen atomic operations are shown in Figure 7. 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 15 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Typical Performance Characteristics Atomic Operation - Maximum Length Transmit with Acknowledge, 10ms Time Slot (55.9C Total Charge at 3.6V) 25 80 70 20 POWER UP Tx PREP DOZE POST MESSAGE PROCESSING DOZE 60 50 10 40 30 5 CURRENT CHARGE (C) CURRENT (mA) 15 Rx ACKNOWLEDGE PACKET TRANSMISSION 20 0 10 CHARGE -5 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 0 12000 10000 TIME (s) 59012 F07a Atomic Operation - Maximum Length Receive with Acknowledge, 10ms Time Slot (39.2C Total Charge at 3.6V) 25 POWER UP RADIO RECEIVE DOZE 70 RECEIVE WITH AES Tx ACKNOWLEDGE POST MESSAGE PROCESSING 10 DOZE 60 50 40 30 5 CURRENT CHARGE (C) CURRENT (mA) 15 GUARD TIME 20 RADIO Rx TURN ON 80 20 0 10 CHARGE -5 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 TIME (s) 0 12000 59012 F07b Atomic Operation - Idle Listen, 10ms Time Slot (15.1C Total Charge at 3.6V) 25 DOZE POWER UP CURRENT (mA) 15 10 5 IDLE RECEIVE RADIO Rx SHUT DOWN 20 70 DOZE 60 50 40 30 CURRENT CHARGE (C) RADIO Rx TURN ON 80 20 0 10 CHARGE -5 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 TIME (s) 10000 0 12000 59012 F07c Figure 7 59012whmfa 16 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Pin Functions Pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. The following table organizes the pins by functional groups. For those I/O with multiple functions the alternate functions are shown on the second and third line in their respective row. The No column provides the pin number. The second column lists the function. The Type column NO POWER SUPPLY I/O PULL 1 GND Power - - Ground Connection 11 GND Power - - Ground Connection 20 GND Power - - Ground Connection 30 GND Power - - Ground Connection 34 GND Power - - Ground Connection 37 GND Power - - Ground Connection 42 GND Power - - Ground Connection 56 GND Power - - Ground Connection 66 GND Power - - Ground Connection 55 VSUPPLY Power - - Power Supply Input to Eterna TYPE I/O PULL 1 (Note 14) I I/O - Radio Inhibit General Purpose Digital I/O NO RADIO TYPE lists the I/O type. The I/O column lists the direction of the signal relative to Eterna. The Pull column shows which signals have a fixed passive pull-up or pull-down. The Description column provides a brief signal description. DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION 64 RADIO_INHIBIT GPIO15 4 GPIO17 1 I/O - General Purpose Digital I/O 5 GPIO18 1 I/O - General Purpose Digital I/O 6 GPIO19 1 I/O - General Purpose Digital I/O - ANTENNA N/A N/A - Chip antenna (LTP5901) or MMCX Connector (LPT5902) TYPE I/O PULL NO ANALOG DESCRIPTION 7 AI_2 Analog I - Analog Input 2 8 AI_1 Analog I - Analog Input 1 9 AI_3 Analog I - Analog Input 3 10 AI_0 Analog I - Analog Input 0 TYPE I/O PULL 1 I UP NO 15 RESET RESETn NO JTAG DESCRIPTION Reset Input, Active Low TYPE I/O PULL 16 TDI 1 I UP JTAG Test Data In 17 TDO 1 O - JTAG Test Data Out 18 TMS 1 I 19 TCK 1 I UP DESCRIPTION JTAG Test Mode Select DOWN JTAG Test Clock 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 17 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Pin Functions NO Pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. GPIOs (Note 15) TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION 21 DP4 (GPIO23) 1 I/O - General Purpose Digital I/O 25 DP3 (GPIO22) TIMER8_EXT 1 I/O I - General Purpose Digital I/O External Input to 8-Bit Timer/Counter 26 DP2 (GPIO21) LPTIMER_EXT 1 I/O I - General Purpose Digital I/O External Input to Low Power Timer/Counter 28 DP0 (GPIO0) SPIM_SS_2n 1 I/O O - General Purpose Digital I/O SPI Master Slave Select 2, Active Low 45 DP1 (GPIO20) TIMER16_EXT 1 I/O I - General purpose Digital I/O External input to 16-Bit Timer/Counter TYPE I/O PULL NO SPECIAL PURPOSE 27 SLEEPn 46 PWM0 TIMER16_OUT GPIO16 63 TIMEn GPIO1 NO CLI DESCRIPTION 1 (Note 14) I - Deep Sleep, Active Low 2 O O I/O - Pulse Width Modulator 0 16-bit Timer/Counter Match Output/PWM Output General Purpose Digital I/O 1 (Note 14) I I/O - Time Capture Request, Active Low General Purpose Digital I/O TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION 31 UARTC0_TX 2 O - CLI UART 0 Transmit 32 UARTC0_RX 1 I UP CLI UART 0 Receive NO TYPE I/O PULL 38 SPIM_MISO GPIO11 SPI MASTER 1 I I/O - SPI Master (MISO) Master In Slave Out Port General Purpose Digital I/O DESCRIPTION 40 SPIM_MOSI GPIO10 2 O I/O - SPI Master (MOSI) Master Out Slave In Port General Purpose Digital I/O 41 SPIM_SCK GPIO9 2 O I/O - SPI Master (SCK) Serial Clock Port General Purpose Digital I/O 43 SPIM_SS_1n GPIO13 1 O I/O - SPI Master Slave Select 1, Active Low General Purpose Digital I/O 44 SPIM_SS_0n GPIO12 1 O I/O - SPI Master Slave Select 0, Active Low General Purpose Digital I/O NO IPCS SPI/FLASH PROGRAMMING (Note 16) TYPE I/O PULL 33 IPCS_MISO TIMER 16 OUT GPIO6 2 O O I/O - SPI Flash Emulation (MISO) Master In Slave Out Port 16-Bit Timer/Counter Match Output/PWM Output General Purpose Digital I/O DESCRIPTION 35 IPCS_MISO TIMER 16 OUT GPIO6 1 I I I/O - SPI Flash Emulation (MOSI) Master Out Slave In Port External Input to 16-Bit Timer/Counter General Purpose Digital I/O 36 IPCS_MISO TIMER 16 OUT GPIO6 1 I I I/O - SPI Flash Emulation (SCK) Serial Clock Port External Input to 8-Bit Timer/Counter General Purpose Digital I/O 39 IPCS_MISO TIMER 16 OUT GPIO6 1 I I I/O - SPI Flash Emulation Slave Select, Active Low External Input to Low Power Timer/Counter General Purpose Digital I/O 51 FLASH_P_ENn 1 I UP Flash Program Enable, Active low 59012whmfa 18 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Pin Functions Pin functions shown in grey are currently not supported in software. I2C/1-Wire/SPI Slave NO TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION 47 SPIS_MISO UARTC1_TX 1_WIRE 2 O O I/O - SPI Slave (MISO) Master In Slave Out Port CLI UART 1 Transmit 1 Wire Master 48 SPIS_MOSI UARTC1_RX GPIO26 1 I I I/O - SPI Slave (MOSI) Master Out Slave In Port CLI UART 1 Receive General Purpose Digital I/O 49 SPIS_SCK SCL 2 I I/O - SPI Slave (SCK) Serial Clock Port I2C Serial Clock 50 SPIS_SSn SDA 2 I I/O - SPI Slave Select, Active Low I2C Serial Data NO API UART 57 UART_RX_RTSn 58 UART_RX_CTSn 59 UART_RX 60 TYPE I/O PULL 1 (Note 14) I - UART Receive (RTS) Request to Send, Active Low DESCRIPTION 1 O - UART Receive (CTS) Clear to Send, Active Low 1 (Note 14) I - UART Receive UART_TX_RTSn 1 O - UART Transmit (RTS) Request to Send, Active Low 61 UART_TX_CTSn 1 (Note 14) I - UART Transmit (CTS) Clear to Send, Active Low 62 UART_TX 2 O - UART Transmit Note 14: These inputs are always enabled and must be driven or pulled to a valid state to avoid leakage. Note 15: See also pins 33, 35, 36, and 39 for additional GPIO ports. VSUPPLY: System and I/O power supply. Provides power to the module. The digital-interface I/O voltages are also set by this voltage. ANTENNA: Multiplexed receiver input and transmitter output pin. The impedance presented to the MMCX connector should be 50, single-ended with respect to ground. AI_0, AI_1, AI_2, AI_3: Analog Inputs. These pins are multiplexed to the analog input chain. The analog input chain, as shown in Figure 8, is software-configurable and includes a variable-gain amplifier, an offset-DAC for adjusting input range, and a 10b ADC. Valid input range is between 0 to 1.8V. Note 16: Embedded programming over the IPCS SPI bus is only avaliable when RESETn is asserted. ANALOG INPUT + 3-BIT VGA 10-BIT ADC 4-BIT DAC 59012whm F08 Figure 8. Analog Input Chain RESETn: The asynchronous reset signal is internally pulled up. Resetting Eterna will result in the ARM Cortex M3 rebooting and loss of network connectivity. Use of this signal for resetting Eterna is not recommended except during power-on and in-circuit programming. 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 19 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Pin Functions RADIO_INHIBIT: RADIO_INHIBIT provide a mechanism for an external device to temporarily disable radio operaiton. Failure to observe the timing requirements defined in the Radio_Inhibit AC Characteristics table, may result in unreliable netowrk operation. In designs where the RADIO_INHIBIT function is not needed the input must either be tied, pulled or actively driven low to avoid excess leakage. TMS, TCK, TDI, TDO: JTAG Port Supporting Software Debug and Boundary Scan. SLEEPn: The SLEEPn function is not currently supported in software. The SLEEPn input must either be tied, pulled or actively driven high to avoid excess leakage. UART_RX, UART_RX_RTSn, UART_RX_CTSn, UART_TX, UART_TX_RTSn, UART_TX_CTSn: The API UART interface includes bi-directional wake up and flow control. Unused input signals must be driven or pulled to their inactive state. TIMEn: Strobing the TIMEn input is the most accurate method to acquire the network time maintained by Eterna. Eterna latches the network timestamp with sub-microsecond resolution on the rising edge of the TIMEn signal and produces a packet on the API serial port containing the timing information. UARTC0_RX, UARTC0_TX: The CLI UART provides a mechanism for monitoring, configuration and control of Eterna during operation. For a complete description of the supported commands see the SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote CLI API Guide. FLASH_P_ENn, IPCS_SSn, IPCS_SCK, IPCS_MISO, IPCS_SSn: The In-circuit Programming Control System (IPCS) bus enables in-circuit programming of Eterna's flash memory. IPCS_SCK is a clock and should be terminated appropriately for the driving source to prevent overshoot and ringing. 59012whmfa 20 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Operation The LTP5901/LTP5902 is the world's most energy-efficient IEEE 802.15.4 compliant platform, enabling battery and energy harvested applications. With a powerful 32-bit ARM CortexTM-M3, best-in-class radio, flash, RAM and purposebuilt peripherals, Eterna provides a flexible, scalable and robust networking solution for applications demanding minimal energy consumption and data reliability in even the most challenging RF environments. Shown in Figure 9, Eterna integrates purpose-built peripherals that excel in both low operating-energy consumption and the ability to rapidly and precisely cycle between operating and low-power states. Items in the gray shaded region labeled "Analog Core" correspond to the analog/ RF components. Supply Monitoring and Reset Eterna integrates a Power-on reset (PoR) circuit. As the RESETn input pin is nominally configured with an internal pull-up resistor, no connection is required. For a graceful shutdown, the software and the networking layers should be cleanly halted via API commands prior to assertion of the RESETn pin. See the SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote API Guide for details on the disconnect and reset commands. Eterna includes a soft brown-out monitor that fully protects the flash from corruption in the event that power is removed while writing to flash. Integrated flash supervisory functionality, in conjunction with a fault tolerant file system, yields a robust non-volatile storage solution. Precision Timing Power Supply Eterna is powered from a single pin, VSUPPLY, which powers the I/O cells and is also used to generate internal supplies. Eterna's two on-chip DC/DC converters minimize Eterna's energy consumption while the device is awake. To conserve power the DC/DC converters are disabled when the device is in low-power state. Eterna's power supply conditioning architecture, including the two integrated DC/ DC converters and three integrated low-dropout regulators, provides excellent rejection of supply noise. Eterna's operating supply voltage range is high enough to support direct connection to lithium-thionyl chloride Li-SOCl2 sources and wide enough to support battery operation over a broad temperature range. A major feature of Eterna over competing 802.15.4 product offerings is its low-power dedicated timing hardware and timing algorithms. This functionality provides timing precision two to three orders of magnitude better than any other low-power solution available at the time of publication. Improved timing accuracy allows motes to minimize the amount of radio listening time required to ensure packet reception thereby lowering even further the power consumed by SmartMesh networks. Eterna's patented timing hardware and timing algorithms provide superior performance over rapid temperature changes, further differentiating Eterna's reliability when compared with other wireless products. In addition, precise timing enables networks to reduce spectral dead time, increasing total network throughput. 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 21 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Operation 32kHz DIGITAL CORE ANALOG CORE 32kHz, 20MHz TIMERS SCHED VOLTAGE REFERENCE PRIMARY DC/DC CONVERTER SRAM 72kB CORE REGULATOR CLOCK REGULATOR PMU/ CLOCK CONTROL FLASH 512kB RELAXATION OSCILLATOR ANALOG REGULATOR PA DC/DC CONVERTER PoR FLASH CONTROLLER 802.15.4 MOD AES CODE LPF DAC PA 802.15.4 FRAMING DMA AUTO MAC SYSTEM 802.15.4 DEMOD 20MHz PLL ADC LIMITER BPF PPF LNA AGC RSSI IPCS SPI SLAVE CLI UART (2 PIN) API UART (6 PIN) ADC CTRL 10-BIT ADC BAT LOAD VGA PTAT 4-BIT DAC 59012whm F09 Figure 9. Eterna Block Diagram 59012whmfa 22 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Operation Application Time Synchronization 32.768kHz Crystal In addition to coordinating timeslots across the network, which is transparent to the user, Eterna's timing management is used to support two mechanisms to share network time. Having an accurate, shared, network-wide time base enables events to be accurately time stamped or tasks to be performed in a synchronized fashion across a network. Eterna will send a time packet through its serial interface when one of the following occurs: Once Eterna is powered up and the 32.768kHz crystal source has begun oscillating, the 32.768kHz crystal remains operational while in the Active state, and is used as the timing basis when in Doze state. See the State Diagram section for a description of Eterna's operational states. n Eterna receives an API request to read time n The TIMEn signal is asserted The use of TIMEn has the advantage of being more accurate. The value of the timestamp is captured in hardware relative to the rising edge of TIMEn. If an API request is used, due to packet processing, the value of the timestamp may be captured several milliseconds after receipt of the packet due to packet processing. See the TIMEn AC Characteristics section for the time function's definition and specifications. 20MHz Crystal The 20MHz crystal source provides a frequency reference for the radio, and is automatically enabled and disabled by Eterna as needed. Radio Eterna includes three clock sources: an internal relaxation oscillator, a low power oscillator designed for a 32.768kHz crystal, and the radio reference oscillator designed for a 20MHz crystal. Eterna includes the lowest-power commercially available 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4e radio by a substantial margin. (Please refer to the Radio Specifications section for power consumption numbers.). Eterna's integrated power amplifier is calibrated and temperature-compensated to consistently provide power at a limit suitable for worldwide radio certifications. Additionally, Eterna uniquely includes a hardware-based autonomous MAC that handles precise sequencing of peripherals, including the transmitter, the receiver, and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) peripherals. The hardware-based autonomous Media Access Controller (MAC) minimizes CPU activity, thereby further decreasing power consumption. Relaxation Oscillator UARTs Time References The relaxation oscillator is the primary clock source for Eterna, providing the clock for the CPU, memory subsystems, and all peripherals. The internal relaxation oscillator is dynamically calibrated to 7.3728 MHz. The internal relaxation oscillator typically starts up in a few s, providing an expedient, low-energy method for duty cycling between active and low power states. Quick start-up from the doze state, defined in the State Diagram section, allows Eterna to wake up and receive data over the UART and SPI interfaces by simply detecting activity on the appropriate signals. The principal network interface is through the application programming interface (API) UART. A command-line interface (CLI) is also provided for support of test and debug functions. Both UARTs sense activity continuously, consuming virtually no power until data is transferred over the port and then automatically returning to their lowest power state after the conclusion of a transfer. The definition for packet encoding on the API UART interface can be found in the SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote API Guide and the CLI command definitions can be found in the SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote CLI Guide. 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 23 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Operation API UART Protocol UART_TX_RTSn The API UART protocol was created with the goal of supporting a wide range of companion Multipoint Control Units (MCUs) while reducing power consumption of the system. The receive half of the API UART protocol includes two additional signals in addition to UART_RX: UART_RX_ RTSn and UART_RX_CTSn. The transmit half of the API UART protocol includes two additional signals in addition to UART_TX: UART_TX_RTSn and UART_TX_CTSn. The API UART protocol is referred to as Mode 4. In the Figures accompanying the protocol descriptions, signals driven by the companion processor are drawn in black and signals driven by Eterna are drawn in blue. UART Mode 4 UART Mode 4 incorporates level-sensitive flow control on the TX channel and requires no flow control on the RX channel, supporting 115200 baud. The use of levelsensitive flow control signals enables data rates above 9600 baud with the option of using a reduced set of the flow control signals; however, Mode 4 has specific limitations. First, the use of the RX flow control signals (UART_RX_RTSn and UART_RX_CTSn) for Mode 4 are optional provided the use is limited to the industrial temperature range (-40C to 85C); otherwise, the flow control is mandatory. If RX flow control signals are not used, UART_RX_RTSn should be tied to VSUPPLY (inactive) and UART_RX_CTSn should be left unconnected. Second, unless the companion processor is always ready to receive a packet, the companion processor must negate UART_TX_CTSn prior to the end of the current. Failure to negate UART_TX_CTSn prior to the end of a packet may result in back to back packets. Third, the companion processor must wait at least tRX_RTS to RX_CTS between transmitting packets. See the UART AC Characteristics section for complete timing specifications. Packets are HDLC encoded with one stop bit and no parity bit. The use of the RX flow control signals (UART_RX_RTSn and UART_RX_CTSn) for Mode 4 are optional. The flow control signals for the TX channel are shown in Figure 10. Transfers are initiated by Eterna asserting UART_TX_RTSn. UART_TX_CTSn UART_TX BYTE 0 BYTE 1 59012whm F10 Figure 10. UART Mode 4 Transmit Flow Control The UART_TX_CTSn signal may be actively driven by the companion processor when ready to receive a packet or UART_TX_CTSn may be tied low if the companion processor is always ready to receive a packet. After detecting a logic `0' on UART_TX_CTSn Eterna sends the entire packet. Following the transmission of the final byte in the packet Eterna negates UART_TX_RTSn and waits for tTX_INTERPACKET, defined in the UART AC Characteristics section before asserting UART_TX_RTSn again. For details on the timing of the UART protocol, see the UART AC Characteristics section. CLI UART The Command Line Interface (CLI) UART port is a two wire protocol (TX and RX) that operates at a fixed 9600 baud rate with one stop bit and no parity. The CLI UART interface is intended to support command line instructions and response activity. Autonomous MAC Eterna was designed as a system solution to provide a reliable, ultra-low power, and secure network. A reliable network capable of dynamically optimizing operation over changing environments requires solutions that are far too complex to completely support through hardware acceleration alone. As described in the Precision Timing section, proper time management is essential for optimizing a solution that is both low power and reliable. To address these requirements Eterna includes the Autonomous MAC, which incorporates a co-processor for controlling all of the time-critical radio operations. The Autonomous MAC provides two benefits: first, preventing variable software latency from affecting network timing and second, greatly 59012whmfa 24 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Operation reducing system power consumption by allowing the CPU to remain inactive during the majority of the radio activity. The Autonomous MAC, provides software-independent timing control of the radio and radio-related functions, resulting in superior reliability and exceptionally low power. Security Network security is an often overlooked component of a complete network solution. Proper implementation of security protocols is significant in terms of both engineering effort and market value in an OEM product. Eterna system solutions provide a FIPS-197 validated encryption scheme that includes authentication and encryption at the MAC and network layers with separate keys for each mote. This not only yields end-to-end security, but if a mote is somehow compromised, communication from other motes is still secure. A mechanism for secure key exchange allows keys to be kept fresh. To prevent physical attacks, Eterna includes hardware support for electronically locking devices, thereby preventing access to Eterna's flash and RAM memory and thus the keys and code stored therein. Temperature Sensor Eterna includes a calibrated temperature sensor on chip. The temperature readings are available locally through Eterna's serial API, in addition to being available via the network manager. The performance characteristics of the temperature sensor can be found in the Temperature Sensor Characteristics section. Radio Inhibit The RADIO_INHIBIT input enables an external controller to temporarily disable the radio software drivers (for example, to take a sensor reading that is susceptible to radio interference). When RADIO_INHIBIT is asserted the software radio drivers will disallow radio operations including clear channel assessment, packet transmits, or packet receipts. If the radio is active in the current timeslot when RADIO_INHIBIT is asserted the radio will be diabled after the present operation completes. For details on the timing associated with RADIO_INHIBIT, see the RADIO_INHIBIT AC Characteristics section. Software Installation Devices are supplied with the flash erased, requiring programming as part of the OEMs manufacturing procedure. The US Department of Commerce places restrictions on export of systems and software supporting encryption. All of Linear/Dust product software produced to date contains encryption and is subject to export regulations and may be provided only via MyLinear, https://www. linear.com/mylinear. Customers purchasing SmartMesh products will receive a certificate containing a registration key and registration instructions with their order. After registering with the key, customers will be able to download SmartMesh software images from MyLinear. Once registered, customers will receive automated e-mail notifications as software updates are made available. Linear Technology offers the DC9010, in circuit programmer for the Eterna based products. While the DC9010, is provided as a finished product, the design documents are provided as a reference for customers. Once software has been loaded, devices can be configured via either the CLI or API ports. Configuration commands and settings are defined in SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote API Guide and SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote CLI Guide. Flash Data Retention Eterna contains internal flash (Non-Volatile Memory) to store calibration results, unique ID, configuration settings and software images. Flash retention over the operating temperature range. See Electrical Characteristics and Absolute Maximum Ratings sections. Non destructive storage above the operating temperature range of -40C to 85C is possible; although, this may result in a degradation of retention characteristics. The degradation in flash retention for temperatures >85C can be approximated by calculating the dimensionless acceleration factor using the following equation: Ea 1 1 - * k TUSE +273 TSTRESS +273 AF = e 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 25 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Operation Where: Serial Flash Emulation AF = acceleration factor When both RESETn and FLASH_P_ENn are asserted, Eterna disables normal operation and enters a mode to emulate the operation of a serial flash. In this mode, its flash can be programmed. Ea = activation energy = 0.6eV k = 8.625 * 10-5eV/K TUSE = is the specified temperature retention in C TSTRESS = actual storage temperature in C Example: Calculate the effect on retention when storing at a temperature of 105C. TSTRESS = 105C TUSE = 85C AF = 2.8 So the overall retention of the flash would be degraded by a factor of 2.8, reducing data retention from 20 years at 85C to 7.1 years at 105C. State Diagram In order to provide capabilities and flexibility in addition to ultra low power, Eterna operates in various states, as shown in Figure 11. State transitions shown in red are not recommended. Start Up Start Up occurs as a result of either crossing the Power-on reset threshold or asserting RESETn. After the completion of Power-on reset or the falling edge of an internally synchronized RESETn, Eterna loads its Fuse Table which, as described in the previous section, includes setting I/O direction. In this state, Eterna checks the state of the FLASH_P_ENn and RESETn and enters the serial flash emulation mode if both signals are asserted. If the FLASH_P_ENn pin is not asserted but RESETn is asserted, Eterna automatically reduces its energy consumption to a minimum until RESETn is released. Once RESETn is de-asserted, Eterna goes through a boot sequence, and then enters the Active state. Operation Once Eterna has completed startup, Eterna transitions to the Operational group of states (active/CPU active, active/ CPU inactive, and Doze). There, Eterna cycles between the various states, automatically selecting the lowest possible power state while fulfilling the demands of network operation. Active State In the Active State, Eterna's relaxation oscillator is running and peripherals are enabled as needed. The ARM Cortex-M3 cycles between CPU-active and CPU-inactive (referred to in the ARM Cortex-M3 literature as "Sleep Now" mode). Eterna's extensive use of DMA and intelligent peripherals that independently move Eterna between Active State and Doze State minimizes the time the CPU is active, significantly reducing Eterna's energy consumption. Doze State The Doze State consumes orders of magnitude less current than the Active State and is entered when all of the peripherals and the CPU are inactive. In the Doze State Eterna's full state is retained, timing is maintained, and Eterna is configured to detect, wake, and rapidly respond to activity on I/Os (such as UART signals and the TIMEn pin). In the Doze State the 32.768kHz oscillator and associated timers are active. 59012whmfa 26 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Operation POWER-ON RESET VSUPPLY > PoR RESETn LOW AND FLASH_P_ENn LOW LOAD FUSE SETTINGS RESETn LOW AND FLASH_P_ENn HIGH SET RESETn HIGH AND FLASH_P_ENn HIGH FOR 125s, THEN SET RESETn LOW SERIAL FLASH EMULATION RESETn HIGH AND FLASH_P_ENn HIGH RESET DEASSERT RESETn BOOT START-UP ASSERT RESETn DOZE ASSERT RESETn CPU AND PERIPHERALS INACTIVE HW OR PMU EVENT OPERATION ASSERT RESETn CPU ACTIVE ACTIVE CPU INACTIVE DEEP SLEEP LOW POWER SLEEP COMMAND INACTIVE 59012whm F11 Figure 11. Eterna State Diagram 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 27 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Applications Information Regulatory and Standards Compliance The RoHS-compliant design features include: Radio Certification n RoHS-compliant solder for solder joints The LTP5901 and LTP5902 have been certified under a single modular certification, with the module name of ETERNA2. Following the regulatory requirements provided in the ETERNA2 User's Guide enables customers to ship products in the supported geographies, by simply completing an unintentional radiator scan of the finished product(s). The ETERNA2 User's Guide also provides the technical information needed to enable customers to further certify either the modules or products based upon the modules in geographies that have not or do not support modular certification. n RoHS-compliant base metal alloys n RoHS-compliant precious metal plating Compliance to Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Restriction of Hazardous Substances 2 (RoHS 2) is a directive that places maximum concentration limits on the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. Linear Technology is committed to meeting the requirements of the European Community directive 2011/65/EU. This product has been specifically designed to utilize RoHS-compliant materials and to eliminate or reduce the use of restricted materials to comply with 2011/65/EU. n RoHS-compliant cable assemblies and connector choices n Lead-free QFN package n Halogen-free mold compound n RoHS-compliant and 245 C re-flow compatible Note: Customers may elect to use certain types of leadfree solder alloys in accordance with the European Community directive 2011/65/EU. Depending on the type of solder paste chosen, a corresponding process change to optimize reflow temperatures may be required. Soldering Information The LTP5901 and LTP5902 are suitable for both eutectic PbSn and RoHS-6 reflow. The maximum reflow soldering temperature is 260C. A more detailed description of layout recommendations, assembly procedures and design considerations is included in the LTP5901 and LTP5902 Hardware Integration Guide. Related Documentation TITLE LOCATION DESCRIPTION SmartMesh WirelessHART User Guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41887 The user's guide provides theory of operation, and details of the services supported SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote API Guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41893 Definitions of the applications interface commands available over the API UART SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote CLI Guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41892 Definitions of the command line interface commands available over the CLI UART LTP5901 and LTP5902 Hardware Integra- http://www.linear.com/docs/41877 tion Guide Recommended practices for designing with the LTP5901 and LTP5902 ETERNA2 User's Guide The ETERNA2 module user's guide includes certification requirements applicable to certified geographies and support documentation enabling customer certification in additional geographies for the LTP5901 and LTP5902 http://www.linear.com/docs/42916 59012whmfa 28 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/product/LTP5901-WHM#packaging for the most recent package drawings. 2.54 .100 1 .039 24 .94 1 .039 1.58 40 1.213 30.80 1.122 28.50 1.102 28 1.063 27 1.031 26.2 0.25 R.010 TYP 42 1.65 1 .039 TYP .079 2 .039 1 0 0 .039 1 .87 22 .728 18.50 .630 16 .590 15 .551 14 .394 10 .444 11.27 .344 8.73 .236 6 .197 5 .157 4 0 0 .08 2 .08 2 Figure 12. LTP5901 Mechanical Drawing 59012whmfa For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 29 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/product/LTP5902-WHM#packaging for the most recent package drawings. 2.54 .100 4.50 .177 1 .039 24 .94 1 .039 1.40 35.5 1.272 32.30 1.213 30.80 1.122 28.50 1.102 28 1.063 27 1.031 26.20 0.25 R.010 TYP 37.5 1.48 1 .039 TYP .078 2 .039 1 0 0 .039 1 .87 22 .728 18.5 .630 16 .590 15 .551 14 .394 10 .444 11.27 .344 8.73 .236 6 .197 5 .157 4 .071 1.80 0 0 .078 2 .078 2 Figure 13. LTP5902 Mechanical Drawing 59012whmfa 30 For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Revision History REV DATE DESCRIPTION A 11/15 Updated ordering part numbers PAGE NUMBER 5 Added total inductance, capacitance 8 Added Software Installation section 25 59012whmfa Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representathat information the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will infringe on existing patent rights. Fortion more www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or not www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM 31 LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM Typical Application Mesh Network Thermistor TADIRAN TL-5903 RT = 5k * AI_0 / (2 * AI_1 - AI_0) T(C) = 1 / {A + B [Ln(RT)] + C[Ln(RT)]3} - 273.15 A = 1.032 * 10-3 B = 2.387 * 10-4 C = 1.580 * 10-7 Li-SOCI2 LTP5902-WHM VSUPPLY VDDIN ANTENNA 47F ATMEL SAM4L2 0.1F PA08 (GPO8) 0.1F GND2 VDDIO 4.7F GND1 0.1F FB 0.1F GND LT6654-2.048 VOUT VIN UART_TX UART_TX_RTSn UART_TX_CTSn UART_RX UART_RX_RTSn UART_RX_CTSn 22F 4.7F 0.1F PA04 (AD0) VDDANA VDDOUT VDDCORE 5k 0.1% 10k, 0.2C OMEGA 4406 1000pF PA15 (USART1_RXD) PA17 (EXTINT2) PA05 (AD1) PA13 (GP013) PA16 (USART1_TXD) PA14 (GPIO14) PA18 (EXTINT3) 0.1F 5k 0.1% 5k 0.1% 1000pF ADVREFP XOUT32 32.768kHz GND XIN32 59012whm TA02 Related Parts PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTP5903IPC-WHR WirelessHART Embedded Manager Manages Networks SmartMesh WirelessHart Nodes. LTC5800-WHM WirelessHART Mote Ultralow Power Mote, 72-Lead 10mm x 10mm QFN LT6654 Precision High Output Drive Low Noise 1.6ppm Peak-to-Peak Noise (0.1Hz to 10Hz, Sink/Source 10mA, 5ppm/C Max Drift) Reference LTC2379-18 18-Bit,1.6Msps/1Msps/500ksps/ 250ksps Serial, Low Power ADC 2.5V Supply, Differential Input, 101.2dB SNR, 5V Input Range, DGC LTC3388-1/LTC3388-3 20V High Efficiency Nanopower StepDown Regulator 860nA IQ in Sleep, 2.7V to 20V Input, VOUT: 1.2V to 5.0V, Enable and Standby Pins LTC3588-1 Piezoelectric Energy Generator with Integrated High Efficiency Buck Converter VIN: 2.7V to 20V; VOUT(MIN): Fixed to 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, 3.6V; IQ = 0.95A; 3mm x 3mm DFN-10 and MSOP-10E Packages LTC3108-1 Ultralow Voltage Step-Up Converter and Power Manager VIN: 0.02V to 1V; VOUT = 2.5V, 3V, 3.7V, 4.5V Fixed; IQ = 6A; 3mm x 4mm DFN-12 and SSOP-16 Packages LTC3459 Micropower Synchronous Boost Converter VIN: 1.5V to 5.5V; VOUT (MAX) = 10V; IQ = 10A; 2mm x 2mm DFN, 2mm x 3mm DFN or SOT-23 Package 59012whmfa 32 Linear Technology Corporation LT 1115 REV A * PRINTED IN USA 1630 McCarthy Blvd., For Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM (408) 432-1900 FAX: (408) 434-0507 www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2014