LTP5901IPC-WHMA#PBF - ANALOG DEVICES

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

TYPICAL APPLICATION

NETWORK FEATURES DESCRIPTION

SmartMesh WirelessHART Node

Wireless Mote Module

SmartMesh WirelessHART wireless sensor networks are

self managing, low power networks built from wireless

nodes called motes. The LT P ™5901-WHM/LT P 5902-WHM

is the WirelessHART mote product in the Eterna

* family

of IEEE 802.15.4 printed circuit board assembly solutions,

featuring a highly-integrated, low power radio design by

Dust Networks

as well as an ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit

microprocessor running Dust’s embedded SmartMesh

WirelessHART networking software. Both the LT P 5901-

WHM (with chip antenna), at 24mm × 42mm, and the

LT P 5902-WHM (with MMCX connector), at 24mm × 37mm,

are designed for surface mount assembly.

With Dust’s time-synchronized WirelessHART networks, all

motes in the network may route, source or terminate data,

while providing many years of battery powered operation.

The SmartMesh WirelessHART software provided with

the LT P 5901/2-WHM is fully tested and validated, and is

readily configured via a software Application Programming

Interface (API).

SmartMesh WirelessHART motes deliver a highly flexible

network with proven reliability and low power performance

in an easy-to-integrate platform.

LTP5901/2-WHM FEATURES

n Complete Radio Transceiver, Embedded Processor,

and Networking Software for Forming a Self-Healing

Mesh Network

n Compliant to WirelessHART (IEC62591) Standard

n SmartMesh

Networks Incorporate:

n Time synchronized Network-Wide Scheduling

n Per Transmission Frequency Hopping

n Redundant Spatially Diverse Topologies

n Network-Wide Reliability and Power Optimization

n NIST Certified Security

n SmartMesh Networks Deliver:

n >99.999% Network Reliability Achieved in the

Most Challenging Dynamic RF Environments Often

Found in Industrial Applications

n Sub 50µA Routing Nodes

n Industry-leading low power radio technology with:

n 4.5mA to receive a packet

n 5.4mA to transmit at 0dBm

n 9.7mA to transmit at 8dBm

n RF modular certifications include USA, Canada, EU,

Japan, Taiwan, Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand

n PCB assembly with chip antenna (LT P 5901-WHM)

or with MMCX antenna connector (LT P 5902-WHM).

QFN version (LT C

5800-WHM) available

L, LT , LT C , LT M , Eterna, SmartMesh, Linear Technology, the Linear logo, Dust and Dust

Networks are registered trademarks and LT P and the Dust Networks logo are trademarks

of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective

owners. Protected by U.S. Patents, including 7375594, 7420980, 7529217, 7791419, 7881239,

7898322, 8222965.

* Eterna is Dust Networks’ low power radio SoC architecture.

59012whm TA01

µCONTROLLER

EXPANDED VIEW

MOTE

IN+

IN–

SPILTC2379-18

MANAGER

MOTE

MOTE LTP5903-WHR

UART

ETHERNET

ANTENNA

HOST

APPLICATION

SENSOR

LTP5901-WHM

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Network Features .......................................... 1

LTP5901/2-WHM FEATURES .............................. 1

Typical Application ........................................ 1

Description.................................................. 1

Smartmesh Network Overview ........................... 3

Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................. 4

Pin Configuration .......................................... 4

Order Information .......................................... 5

Recommended Operating Conditions ................... 5

DC Characteristics ......................................... 5

Radio Specifications ...................................... 6

Radio Receiver Characteristics .......................... 6

Radio Transmitter Characteristics ....................... 7

Digital I/O Characteristics ................................ 7

Temperature Sensor Characteristics .................... 8

Analog Input Chain Characteristics ..................... 8

System Characteristics ................................... 8

UART AC Characteristics .................................. 9

TIMEn AC Characteristics ................................ 10

Radio Inhibit AC Characteristics ........................ 10

Flash AC Characteristics ................................. 11

Flash SPI Slave AC Characteristics .................... 11

Typical Performance Characteristics .................. 13

Pin Functions .............................................. 17

Operation................................................... 21

Power Supply ..........................................................21

Supply Monitoring and Reset ................................. 21

Precision Timing .....................................................21

Application Time Synchronization ..........................23

Time References ..................................................... 23

Radio ......................................................................23

UARTs .....................................................................23

Autonomous MAC ................................................... 24

Security .................................................................. 25

Temperature Sensor ...............................................25

Radio Inhibit ...........................................................25

Software Installation ...............................................25

Flash Data Retention ...............................................25

State Diagram .........................................................26

Applications Information ................................ 28

Regulatory and Standards Compliance ...................28

Soldering Information .............................................28

Related Documentation .................................. 28

Package Description ..................................... 29

Revision History .......................................... 31

Typical Application ....................................... 32

Related Parts .............................................. 32

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

A SmartMesh network consists of a self-forming multi-hop,

mesh of nodes, known as motes, which collect and relay

data, and a Network Manager that monitors and manages

network performance and security, and exchanges data

with a host application.

SmartMesh networks communicate using a Time Slotted

Channel Hopping(TSCH) link layer, pioneered by Dust

Networks. In a TSCH network, all motes in the network

are synchronized to within less than a millisecond. Time

in the network is organized into timeslots, which enables

collision-free packet exchange and per-transmission

channel-hopping. In a SmartMesh network, every device

has one or more parents (e.g. mote 3 has motes 1 and

2 as parents) that provide redundant paths to overcome

communications interruption due to interference, physical

obstruction or multi-path fading. If a packet transmission

fails on one path, the next retransmission may try on a

different path and different RF channel.

A network begins to form when the network manager instructs

its on-board Access Point (AP) radio to begin sending ad-

vertisements - packets that contain information that enables

a device to synchronize to the network and request to join.

This message exchange is part of the security handshake

that establishes encrypted communications between the

manager or application, and mote. Once motes have joined

the network, they maintain synchronization through time

corrections when a packet is acknowledged.

SMARTMESH NETWORK OVERVIEW

The Network Manager uses health reports to continually

optimize the network to maintain >99.999% data reliability

even in the most challenging RF environments.

The use of TSCH allows SmartMesh devices to sleep in-

between scheduled communications and draw very little

power in this state. Motes are only active in timeslots

where they are scheduled to transmit or receive, typically

resulting in a duty cycle of < 1%. The optimization soft-

ware in the Network Manager coordinates this schedule

automatically. When combined with the Eterna low power

radio, every mote in a SmartMesh network – even busy

routing ones – can run on batteries for years. By default,

all motes in a network are capable of routing traffic from

other motes, which simplifies installation by avoiding the

complexity of having distinct routers vs. non-routing end

nodes. Motes may be configured as non-routing to further

reduce that particular mote’s power consumption and to

support a wide variety of network topologies.

At the heart of SmartMesh motes and network manag-

ers is the Eterna IEEE 802.15.4e System-on-Chip (SoC),

featuring Dust Networks’ highly-integrated, low power

radio design, plus an ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit micropro-

cessor running SmartMesh networking software. The

SmartMesh networking software comes fully compiled

yet is configurable via a rich set of Application Program-

ming Interfaces (APIs) which allows a host application

to interact with the network, e.g. to transfer information

to a device, to configure data publishing rates on one or

more motes, or to monitor network state or performance

metrics. Data publishing can be uniform or different for

each device, with motes being able to publish infrequently

or faster than once per second as needed.

HOST

APPLICATION

SNO 01

NETWORK MANAGER

Mote

An ongoing discovery process ensures that the network

continually discovers new paths as the RF conditions

change. In addition, each mote in the network tracks per-

formance statistics (e.g. quality of used paths, and lists of

potential paths) and periodically sends that information

to the network manager in packets called health reports.

ALL NODES ARE ROUTERS.

THEY CAN TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE.

THIS NEW NODE CAN JOIN

ANYWHERE BECAUSE ALL

NODES CAN ROUTE.

SNO 02

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

PIN CONFIGURATION

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Supply Voltage on VSUPPLY .................................. 4.20V

Input Voltage on AI_0/1/2/3 Inputs ......................... 1.98V

Voltage on any Digital I/O Pin .... –0.3V to VSUPPLY +0.3V

Input RF Level ...................................................... 10dBm

Storage Temperature Range (Note 3) ..... –55°C to 105°C

(Note 1, Note 2)

Pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software.

Operating Temperature Range

LTP5901I/LPT5902I .............................–40°C to 85°C

CAUTION: This part is sensitive to electrostatic discharge

(ESD). It is very important that proper ESD precautions be

observed when handling the LTP5901/LTP5902-WHM.

GND

RESERVED

GPIO17

GPIO18

GPIO19

AI_2

AI_1

AI_3

AI_0

GND

RESERVED

RESETn

TDI

TDO

TMS

TCK

GND

DP4 (GPIO23)

RESERVED

DP3 (GPIO22) / TIMER8_IN

DP2 (GPIO21) / LPTIMER_IN

SLEEPn / GPIO14

DP0 (GPIO0) / SPIM_SS_2n

GND

RADIO_INHIBIT / GPIO15

TIMEn / GPIO1

UART_TX

UART_TX_CTSn

UART_TX_RTSn

UART_RX

UART_RX_CTSn

UART_RX_RTSn

GND

VSUPPLY

RESERVED

FLASH_P_ENn / GPIO2

SPIS_SSn / SDA

SPIS_SCK / SCL

SPIS_MOSI / GPIO26 / UARTC1_RX

SPIS_MISO / 1_WIRE / UARTC1_TX

PWM0 / GPIO16

DP1 (GPIO20) / TIMER16_IN

SPIM_SS_0n / GPIO12

SPIM_SS_1n / GPIO13

GND

SPIM_SCK / GPIO9

SPIM_MOSI / GPIO10

IPCS_SSn / GPIO3

SPIM_MISO / GPIO11

GND

UARTCO_TX

UARTCO_RX

IPCS_MISO / GP106

PC PACKAGE

66-LEAD PCB

GND

IPCS_MOSI / GPIO5

IPCS_SCK / GPIO4

31 32 33 34 35 36

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

DC CHARACTERISTICS

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

VSUPPLY Supply Voltage Including Noise and Load Regulation l2.1 3.76 V

Supply Noise 50Hz to 2MHz l250 mV

Operating Relative Humidity Non-Condensing l10 90 %RH

Temperature Ramp Rate While Operating in Network l–8 8 °C/Min

OPERATION/STATE CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Power-on Reset During Power-on Reset, Maximum 750µs + VSUPPLY Rise

Time from 1V to 1.9V

12 mA

Doze RAM on, ARM Cortex-M3, Flash, Radio, and Peripherals Off,

All Data and State Retained, 32.768kHz Reference Active

1.2 µA

Deep Sleep RAM on, ARM Cortex-M3, Flash, Radio, and Peripherals Off,

All Data and State Retained, 32.768kHz Reference Inactive

0.8 µA

In-circuit Programming RESETn and FLASH_P_ENn Asserted, IPCS_SCK at 8MHz 20 mA

Peak Operating Current

+8dBm

+0dBm

System Operating at 14.7MHz, Radio Transmitting, During

Flash Write. Maximum duration 4.33 ms.

Active ARM Cortex M3, RAM and Flash Operating, Radio and All

Other Peripherals Off. Clock Frequency of CPU and Peripherals

Set to 7.3728MHz, VCORE = 1.2V

1.3 mA

Flash Write Single Bank Flash Write 3.7 mA

Flash Erase Single Bank Page or Mass Erase 2.5 mA

Radio Tx

+0dBm

+8dBm

Current With Autonomous MAC Managing Radio Operation,

CPU Inactive. Clock Frequency of CPU and Peripherals Set to

7.3728MHz.

5.4

9.7

Radio Rx Current With Autonomous MAC Managing Radio Operation,

CPU Inactive. Clock Frequency of CPU and Peripherals Set to

7.3728MHz.

4.5 mA

The l denotes the specifications which apply

over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted.

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range,

otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

ORDER INFORMATION

LEAD FREE FINISH† PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE

LT P 5901IPC-WHMA#PBF LT P 5901IPC-WHMA#PBF 66-Lead (42mm × 24mm × 5.5mm) PCB with Chip Antenna –40°C to 85°C

LT P 5902IPC-WHMA#PBF LT P 5902IPC-WHMA#PBF 66-Lead (37.5mm × 24mm × 5.5mm) PCB with MMCX

Connector

–40°C to 85°C

†This product ships with the flash erased at the time of order. OEMs will need to program devices during development and manufacturing.

For legacy part numbers and ordering information go to: http://www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM#orderinfo or

http://www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM#orderinfo

*The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container.

For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

RADIO SPECIFICATIONS

RADIO RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS

PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Frequency Band l2.4000 2.4835 GHz

Number of Channels l15

Channel Separation l5 MHz

Channel Center Frequency Where k = 11 to 25, as Defined by IEEE.802.15.4 l2405 + 5•(k-11) MHz

Raw Data Rate l250 kbps

Antenna Pin ESD Protection HBM Per JEDEC JESD22-A114F ±6000 V

Range (Note 4)

Indoor

Outdoor

Free Space

25°C, 50% RH, +2dBi Omni-Directional Antenna, Antenna 2m

Above Ground

100

300

1200

PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Receiver Sensitivity Packet Error Rate (PER) = 1% (Note 5) –93 dBm

Receiver Sensitivity PER = 50% –95 dBm

Saturation Maximum Input Level the Receiver Will

Properly Receive Packets

0 dBm

Adjacent Channel Rejection (High Side) Desired Signal at –82dBm, Adjacent Modulated Channel 5MHz

Above the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5)

22 dBc

Adjacent Channel Rejection (Low Side) Desired Signal at –82dBm, Adjacent Modulated Channel 5MHz

Below the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5)

19 dBc

Alternate Channel Rejection (High Side) Desired Signal at –82dBm, Alternate Modulated Channel

10MHz Above the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5)

40 dBc

Alternate Channel Rejection (Low Side) Desired Signal at –82dBm, Alternate Modulated Channel

10MHz Below the Desired Signal, PER = 1% (Note 5)

36 dBc

Second Alternate Channel Rejection Desired Signal at –82dBm, Second Alternate Modulated

Channel Either 15MHz Above or Below, PER = 1% (Note 5)

42 dBc

Co-Channel Rejection Desired Signal at –82dBm, Undesired Signal is an 802.15.4

Modulated Signal at the Same Frequency, PER = 1%

–6 dBc

LO Feed Through –55 dBm

Frequency Error Tolerance (Note 6) ±50 ppm

Symbol Error Tolerance ±50 ppm

Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)

Input Range

–90 to –10 dBm

RSSI Accuracy ±6 dB

RSSI Resolution 1 dB

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature

range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full

operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

RADIO TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS

DIGITAL I/O CHARACTERISTICS

PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Output Power

High Calibrated Setting

Low Calibrated Setting

Delivered to a 50Ω load

dBm

Spurious Emissions

30 MHz to 1000 MHz

1 GHz to 12.75 GHz

2.4 GHz ISM Upper Band Edge (Peak)

2.4 GHz ISM Upper Band Edge (Average)

2.4 GHz ISM Lower Band Edge

Conducted Measurement with a 50Ω Single-ended Load,

+8dBm Output Power. All Measurements Made with Max

Hold.

RBW = 120kHz, VBW = 100Hz

RBW = 1MHz, VBW = 3MHz

RBW = 1MHz, VBW = 10Hz

RBW = 100kHz, VBW = 100kHz

<–70

–45

–37

–49

–45

dBm

dBc

Harmonic Emissions

2nd Harmonic

3rd Harmonic

Conducted Measurement Delivered to a 50Ω Load,

Resolution Bandwidth = 1MHz, Video Bandwidth = 1MHz.

–50

–45

dBm

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

VIL Low Level Input Voltage (Note 7) l–0.3 0.6 V

VIH High Level Input Voltage (Note 8) lVSUPPLY

–0.3

VSUPPLY

+0.3

VOL Low Level Output Voltage Type 1, IOL(MAX) = 1.2mA l0.4 V

VOH High Level Output Voltage Type 1, IOH(MAX) = -0.8mA lVSUPPLY

–0.3

VSUPPLY

+0.3

VOL Low Level Output Voltage Type 2, Low Drive, IOL(MAX) = 2.2mA l0.4 V

VOH High Level Output Voltage Type 2, Low Drive, IOH(MAX) = –1.6mA lVSUPPLY

–0.3

VSUPPLY

+0.3

VOL Low Level Output Voltage Type 2, High Drive, IOL(MAX) = 4.5mA l0.4 V

VOH High Level Output Voltage Type 2, High Drive, IOH(MAX) = –3.2mA lVSUPPLY

–0.3

VSUPPLY

+0.3

Input Leakage Current Input Driven to VSUPPLY or GND 50 nA

Pull-Up / Pull-Down Resistance 50 kΩ

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the

full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating

temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

ANALOG INPUT CHAIN CHARACTERISTICS

SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Variable Gain Amplifier

Gain

Gain Error

DNL

Offset-Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)

Full-scale

Resolution

Differential Non-Linearity

1.80

2.7

Bits

DNL

INL

Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)

Full-scale, Signal

Resolution

Offset

Differential Non-Linearity

Integral Non-Linearity

Settling Time

Conversion Time

Current Consumption

Mid-Scale

10kΩ Source Impedance

1.80

1.8

1.4

LSB

µs

µA

Analog Inputs (Note 9)

Load

Series Input Resistance

kΩ

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Doze to Active State Transition 5 µs

Doze to Radio Tx or Rx 1.2 ms

QCCA Charge to Sample RF Channel RSSI Charge Consumed Starting from Doze State and

Completing an RSSI Measurement

4 µC

QMAX Largest Atomic Charge Operation Flash Erase, 21 ms Max duration l200 µC

RESETn Pulse Width l125 µs

Total Capacitance Note 13 l6 µF

Total Inductance Note 13 l3 µH

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the

full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature

range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

TEMPERATURE SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS

PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Offset Temperature Offset Error at 25°C ±0.25 °C

Slope Error ±0.033 °C/°C

The l denotes the specifications which apply over

the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

UART AC CHARACTERISTICS

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Permitted Rx Baud Rate Error Both Application Programming

Interface (API) and Command Line

Interface (CLI) UARTs

l–2 2 %

Generated Tx Baud Rate Error Both API and CLI UARTs l–1 1 %

tRX_RTS to RX_CTS Assertion of UART_RX_RTSn to Assertion of

UART_RX_CTSn, or Negation of UART_RX_

RTSn to Negation of UART_RX_CTSn

l0 2 ms

tCTS_R to RX Assertion of UART_RX_CTSn to Start of Byte l0 20 ms

tEOP to RX_RTS End of Packet (End of the Last Stop Bit) to

Negation of UART_RX_RTSn

l0 22 ms

tBEG_TX_RTS to TX_CTS Assertion of UART_TX_RTSn to Assertion of

UART_TX_CTSn

0 22 ms

tEND_TX_CTS to TX_RTS Negation of UART_TX_CTSn to Negation of

UART_TX_RTSn

2Bit Period

tTX_CTS to TX Assertion of UART_TX_CTSn to Start of Byte 0 2 Bit Period

tEOP to TX_RTS End of Packet (End of the Last Stop Bit) to

Negation of UART_TX_RTSn

l0 1 Bit Period

tRX_INTERBYTE Receive Inter-Byte Delay l100 ms

tRX_INTERPACKET Receive Inter-Packet Delay l20 ms

tTX_INTERPACKET Transmit Inter-Packet Delay l1 Bit

Period

tTX to TX_CTS Start of Byte to Negation of UART_TX_CTSn l0 ns

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature

range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

. (Note 13)

Figure 1. API UART Timing

UART_RX_RTSn

tEOP to RX_RTS

tRX_RTS to_RX_CTS

tRX_INTERBYTE

tRX_CTS to RX

tRX_RTS to_RX_CTS

UART_RX_CTSn

UART_RX BYTE 1BYTE 0

UART_TX_RTSn

tEOP to TX_RTS

tEND_TX_RTS to_TX_CTS

tEND_TX_CTS to_TX_RTS

tTX to TX_CTS

tTX_CTS to TX

tBEG_TX RTS to TX_CTS

UART_TX_CTSn

UART_TX

59012whm F01

BYTE 1BYTE 0

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

RADIO INHIBIT AC CHARACTERISTICS

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

tRADIO_OFF Delay from Rising Edge of RADIO_INHIBIT to

Radio Disabled

l20 ms

tRADIO_INHIBIT_STROBE Maximum RADIO_INHIBIT Strobe Width l2 s

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full

operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

. (Note 13)

tRESPONSE

tSTROBE

UART_TX

TIMEN

tTIME_HOLD

59012whm F02

TIME INDICATION PAYLOAD

tRADIO_INHIBIT_STROBE

tRADIO_OFF

RADIO_INHIBIT

RADIO STATE ACTIVE/OFFOFF

59012whm F03

ACTIVE/OFF

Figure 2. Timestamp Timing

Figure 3. RADIO_INHIBIT Timing

TIMEn AC CHARACTERISTICS

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

tSTROBE TIMEn Signal Strobe Width l125 µs

tRESPONSE Delay from Rising Edge of TIMEn to the Start

of Time Packet on API UART

l0 100 ms

tTIME_HOLD Delay from End of Time Packet on API UART

to Falling Edge of Subsequent TIMEn

l0 ns

Timestamp Resolution (Note 10) l1 µs

Network-Wide Time Accuracy (Note 11) l±5 µs

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating

temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

. (Note 13)

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

FLASH SPI SLAVE AC CHARACTERISTICS

FLASH AC CHARACTERISTICS

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

tFP_EN_to_RESET Setup from Assertion of FLASH_P_ENn to

Assertion of RESETn

l0 ns

tFP_ENTER Delay from the Assertion RESETn to the First

Falling Edge of IPCS_SSn

l125 µs

tFP_EXIT Delay from the Completion of the Last Flash SPI

Slave Transaction to the Negation of RESETn

and FLASH_P_ENn (Note 13)

l10 µs

tSSS IPCS_SSn Setup to the Leading Edge of

IPCS_SCK

l15 ns

tSSH IPCS_SSn Hold from Trailing Edge of IPCS_

SCK

l15 ns

tCK IPCS_SCK Period l300 ns

tDIS IPCS_MOSI Data Setup l15 ns

tDIH IPCS_MOSI Data Hold l5 ns

tDOV IPCS_MISO Data Valid l–5 30 ns

tOFF IPCS_MISO Data Tr i -state l0 30 ns

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

tWRITE Time to Write a 32-bit Word (Note 12) l21 µs

tPAGE_ERASE Time to Erase a 2KByte Page (Note 12) l21 ms

tMASS_ERASE Time to Erase 256KByte Flash Bank (Note 12) l21 ms

Data Retention 25°C

85°C

105°C

100

Years

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full

operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

. (Note 13)

The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating

temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C

and VSUPPLY = 3.6V unless otherwise noted

. (Note 13)

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

Figure 4. Flash Programming Interface Timing

FLASH SPI SLAVE AC CHARACTERISTICS

tFP_EN to_RESET

FLASH_P_ENn

RESETn

IPCS_SSn

IPCS_MOSI

IPCS_SCK

tFP_ENTER

tSSS

tCK

tDIS

tDIH

59012whm F04

tSSH

tFP_EXIT

Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings

may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute

Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device

reliability and lifetime.

Note 2: ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. ESD protection

devices are used extensively internal to Eterna. However, high electrostatic

discharge can damage or degrade the device. Use proper ESD handling

precautions.

Note 3: Extended storage at high temperature is discouraged, as this

negatively affects the data retention of Eterna’s calibration data. See the

FLASH Data Retention section for details.

Note 4: Actual RF range is subject to a number of installation-specific

variables including, but not restricted to ambient temperature, relative

humidity, presence of active interference sources, line-of-sight obstacles,

and near-presence of objects (for example, trees, walls, signage, and so

on) that may induce multipath fading. As a result, range varies.

Note 5: As Specified by IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2006: Wireless Medium

Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-

Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) http://standards.ieee.

org/findstds/standard/802.15.4-2011.html.

Note 6: IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2006 requires transmitters to maintain a

frequency tolerance of better than ±40 ppm.

Note 7: Per pin I/O types are provided in the Pin Functions section.

Note 8: VIH maximum voltage input must respect the VSUPPLY maximum

voltage specification.

Note 9: The analog inputs to the ADC can be modeled as a series resistor

to a capacitor. At a minimum the entire circuit, including the source

impedance for the signal driving the analog input should be designed

to settle to within ¼ LSB within the sampling window to match the

performance of the ADC.

Note 10: See the SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote API Guide for the time

indication notification definition.

Note 11: Network time accuracy is a statistical measure and varies over

the temperature range, reporting rate and the location of the device

relative to the manager in the network. See the Typical Performance

Characteristics section for a more detailed description.

Note 12: Code execution from flash banks being written or erased is

suspended until completion of the flash operation.

Note 13: Guaranteed by design. Not production tested.

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Network motes typically route through at least two par-

ents the traffic destined for the manager. The supply

current graphs shown below include a parameter called

traffic-weighted descendants. In these graphs the term

traffic-weighted descendants refers to an amount of

activity equivalent to the number of descendants if all of

the network traffic was directed to the mote in question.

Generally the number of descendants of a parent is more,

typically 2x or more, than the number of traffic-weighted

descendants. For example, with reference to Figure 6 mote

P1 has 0.75 traffic-weighted descendants. To obtain this

value notice that mote D1 routes half its packets through

mote P1 adding 0.5 to the traffic-weighted descendant

value; the other half of D1’s traffic is routed through its

other parent, P2. Mote D2 routes half its packets through

mote D1 (the other half going through parent P3), which

we know routes half its packets to mote P1, adding another

0.25 to the traffic-weighted descendant value for a total

traffic-weighted descendant value of 0.75.

As described in the Application Time Synchronization

section, Eterna provides two mechanisms for applications

to maintain a time base across a network. The synchro-

nization performance plots that follow were generated

using the more precise TIMEn input. Publishing rate is

the rate a mote application sends upstream data. Syn-

chronization improves as the publishing rate increases.

Baseline synchronization performance is provided for a

network operating with a publishing rate of zero. Actual

performance for applications in network will improve

1-HOP

2-HOP

3-HOP

59012whm F06

MANAGER

Figure 6. Example Network Graph

Figure 5

TEMPERATURE (°C)

–40

SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

100

120

40 60 80–20 0

59012whm F05a

0 TWD 30s REPORTING

0 TWD 5s REPORTING

2 TWD 30s REPORTING

2 TWD 5s REPORTING

5 TWD 30s REPORTING

TWD=TRAFFIC-WEIGHTED DESCENDANTS

as publishing rates increase. All synchronization testing

was performed with the 1-hop mote inside a temperature

chamber. Timing errors due to temperature changes and

temperature differences both between the manager and

this mote and between this mote and its descendents

therefore propagated down through the network. The syn-

chronization of the 3-hop and 5-hop motes to the manager

was then affected by the temperature ramps even though

they were at room temperature. For 2°C/minute testing

the temperature chamber was cycled between –40°C and

85°C at this rate for 24 hours. For 8°C/minute testing, the

temperature chamber was rapidly cycled between 85°C and

45°C for 8 hours, followed by rapid cycling between –5°C

and 45°C for 8 hours, and lastly, rapid cycling between

–40°C and 15°C for 8 hours.

REPORTING INTERVAL (s)

MEDIAN LATENCY (s)

20 25 305 10

59012whm F05b

1 HOPS

2 HOPS

3 HOPS

4 HOPS

5 HOPS

REPORTING INTERVAL (s)

SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

200

150

100

250

20 25 305 10

59012whm F05c

0 TWD

1 TWD

2 TWD

5 TWD

TWD=TRAFFIC WEIGHTED

DESCENDANTS

Supply Current vs Temperature Packet Latency vs Reporting Interval Supply Current vs Reporting Interval

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

TIMEn Synchronization Error

0 Packet/s Publishing Rate,

1 Hop, Room Temperature

TIMEn Synchronization Error

0 Packet/s Publishing Rate,

3 Hops, Room Temperature

TIMEn Synchronization Error

0 Packet/s Publishing Rate,

5 Hops, Room Temperature

TIMEn Synchronization Error

0 Packet/s Publishing Rate,

1 Hop, 2°C/Min

TIMEn Synchronization Error

0 Packet/s Publishing Rate,

3 Hops, 2°C/Min

TIMEn Synchronization Error

0 Packet/s Publishing Rate,

5 Hops, 2°C/Min

TIMEn Synchronization Error

0 Packet/s Publishing Rate,

1 Hop, 8°C/Min

TIMEn Synchronization Error

0 Packet/s Publishing Rate,

3 Hops, 8°C/Min

TIMEn Synchronization Error

0 Packet/s Publishing Rate,

5 Hops, 8°C/Min

SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs)

–500

NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%)

59012whm G01

–100–300 300100

500

µ = 0.1

σ = 35.0

N = 281490

SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs)

–500

NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%)

59012whm G02

–100–300 300100

500

µ = 0.7

σ = 63.0

N = 281492

SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs)

–500

NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%)

59012whm G03

–100–300 300100

500

µ = 0.8

σ = 110.7

N = 281493

SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs)

–500

NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%)

59012whm G04

–100–300 300100

500

µ = 10.1

σ = 35.7

N = 92717

SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs)

–500

NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%)

59012whm G05

–100–300 300100

500

µ = 7.2

σ = 75.9

N = 92717

SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs)

–500

NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%)

59012whm G06

–100–300 300100

500

µ = 6

σ = 125.7

N = 92719

SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs)

–500

NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%)

59012whm G07

–100–300 300100

500

µ = 15.3

σ = 39.4

N = 91114

SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs)

–500

NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%)

59012whm G08

–100–300 300100

500

µ = 10.9

σ = 81.5

N = 95165

SYNCHRONIZATION ERROR (µs)

–500

NORMALIZED FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE (%)

59012whm G09

–100–300 300100

500

µ = 10.7

σ = 136.8

N = 95167

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

As described in the SmartMesh Network Overview sec-

tion, devices in network spend the vast majority of their

time inactive in their lowest power state (Doze). On a

synchronous schedule a mote will wake to communicate

with another mote. Regularly occurring sequences which

wake, perform a significant function and return to sleep

are considered atomic. These operations are considered

atomic as the sequence of events can not be separated

into smaller events while performing a useful function.

For example, transmission of a packet over the radio is an

atomic operation. Atomic operations may be characterized

in either charge or energy. In a time slot where a mote

successfully sends a packet, an atomic transmit includes

setup prior to sending the message, sending the message,

receiving the acknowledgment and the post processing

needed as a result of the message being sent. Similarly

in a time slot when a mote successfully receives a packet,

an atomic receive includes setup prior to listening, listen-

ing until the start of the packet transition, receiving the

packet, sending the acknowledge and the post processing

required due to the arrival of the packet.

To ensure reliability each mote in the network is provided

multiple time slots for each packet it nominally will send

and forward. The time slots are assigned to communicate

upstream with at least two different motes. When combined

with frequency hopping this provides temporal, spatial

and spectral redundancy. Given this approach a mote will

often listen for a message that it will never receive, since

the time slot is not being used by the transmitting mote.

It has already successfully transmitted the packet. Since

typically 3 timeslots are scheduled for every 1 packet to

be sent or forwarded, motes will perform more of these

atomic “Idle Listens” than atomic transmit or atomic receive

sequences. Examples of transmit, receive and idle listen

atomic operations are shown in Figure 7.

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Atomic Operation - Maximum Length Transmit with Acknowledge, 10ms Time Slot (55.9µC Total Charge at 3.6V)

Atomic Operation - Maximum Length Receive with Acknowledge, 10ms Time Slot (39.2µC Total Charge at 3.6V)

Atomic Operation - Idle Listen, 10ms Time Slot (15.1µC Total Charge at 3.6V)

Figure 7

–5

–2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

59012 F07a

12000

CURRENT (mA)

CHARGE (µC)

TIME (µs)

DOZE POWER UP

Tx PREP

DOZE

PACKET TRANSMISSION Rx ACKNOWLEDGE POST MESSAGE

PROCESSING

CURRENT

CHARGE

–5

–2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

CURRENT (mA)

CHARGE (µC)

TIME (µs)

DOZE POWER UP

GUARD TIME

DOZE

RECEIVE WITH AES Tx ACKNOWLEDGE POST

MESSAGE

PROCESSING

CURRENT

CHARGE

RADIO Rx TURN ON

RADIO RECEIVE

59012 F07b

CHARGE

CURRENT

–5

–2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

CURRENT (mA)

CHARGE (µC)

DOZE POWER UP DOZE

RADIO Rx TURN ON

IDLE RECEIVE

RADIO Rx SHUT DOWN

TIME (µs) 59012 F07c

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

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PIN FUNCTIONS

Pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software.

The following table organizes the pins by functional

groups. For those I/O with multiple functions the alternate

functions are shown on the second and third line in their

respective row. The No column provides the pin number.

The second column lists the function. The Type column

lists the I/O type. The I/O column lists the direction of the

signal relative to Eterna. The Pull column shows which

signals have a fixed passive pull-up or pull-down. The

Description column provides a brief signal description.

NO POWER SUPPLY TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

1 GND Power - - Ground Connection

11 GND Power - - Ground Connection

20 GND Power - - Ground Connection

30 GND Power - - Ground Connection

34 GND Power - - Ground Connection

37 GND Power - - Ground Connection

42 GND Power - - Ground Connection

56 GND Power - - Ground Connection

66 GND Power - - Ground Connection

55 VSUPPLY Power - - Power Supply Input to Eterna

NO RADIO TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

64 RADIO_INHIBIT

GPIO15

1 (Note 14) I

I/O

Radio Inhibit

General Purpose Digital I/O

4 GPIO17 1 I/O - General Purpose Digital I/O

5 GPIO18 1 I/O - General Purpose Digital I/O

6 GPIO19 1I/O - General Purpose Digital I/O

- ANTENNA N/A N/A - Chip antenna (LT P 5901) or MMCX Connector (LPT5902)

NO ANALOG TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

7 AI_2 Analog I - Analog Input 2

8 AI_1 Analog I - Analog Input 1

9 AI_3 Analog I - Analog Input 3

10 AI_0 Analog I - Analog Input 0

NO RESET TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

15 RESETn 1 I UP Reset Input, Active Low

NO JTAG TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

16 TDI 1 I UP JTAG Test Data In

17 TDO 1 O - JTAG Test Data Out

18 TMS 1 I UP JTAG Test Mode Select

19 TCK 1 I DOWN JTAG Test Clock

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PIN FUNCTIONS

Pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software.

NO GPIOs (Note 15) TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

21 DP4 (GPIO23) 1 I/O -General Purpose Digital I/O

25 DP3 (GPIO22)

TIMER8_EXT

1 I/O

General Purpose Digital I/O

External Input to 8-Bit Timer/Counter

26 DP2 (GPIO21)

LPTIMER_EXT

1I/O

General Purpose Digital I/O

External Input to Low Power Timer/Counter

28 DP0 (GPIO0)

SPIM_SS_2n

1 I/O

General Purpose Digital I/O

SPI Master Slave Select 2, Active Low

45 DP1 (GPIO20)

TIMER16_EXT

1I/O

General purpose Digital I/O

External input to 16-Bit Timer/Counter

NO SPECIAL PURPOSE TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

27 SLEEPn 1 (Note 14) I -Deep Sleep, Active Low

46 PWM0

TIMER16_OUT

GPIO16

2 O

I/O

Pulse Width Modulator 0

16-bit Timer/Counter Match Output/PWM Output

General Purpose Digital I/O

63 TIMEn

GPIO1

1 (Note 14) I

I/O

Time Capture Request, Active Low

General Purpose Digital I/O

NO CLI TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

31 UARTC0_TX 2 O - CLI UART 0 Transmit

32 UARTC0_RX 1 I UP CLI UART 0 Receive

NO SPI MASTER TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

38 SPIM_MISO

GPIO11

1 I

I/O

SPI Master (MISO) Master In Slave Out Port

General Purpose Digital I/O

40 SPIM_MOSI

GPIO10

2 O

I/O

SPI Master (MOSI) Master Out Slave In Port

General Purpose Digital I/O

41 SPIM_SCK

GPIO9

2 O

I/O

SPI Master (SCK) Serial Clock Port

General Purpose Digital I/O

43 SPIM_SS_1n

GPIO13

1 O

I/O

SPI Master Slave Select 1, Active Low

General Purpose Digital I/O

44 SPIM_SS_0n

GPIO12

1 O

I/O

SPI Master Slave Select 0, Active Low

General Purpose Digital I/O

NO IPCS SPI/FLASH PROGRAMMING (Note 16) TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

33 IPCS_MISO

TIMER 16 OUT

GPIO6

2 O

I/O

SPI Flash Emulation (MISO) Master In Slave Out Port

16-Bit Timer/Counter Match Output/PWM Output

General Purpose Digital I/O

35 IPCS_MISO

TIMER 16 OUT

GPIO6

1 I

I/O

SPI Flash Emulation (MOSI) Master Out Slave In Port

External Input to 16-Bit Timer/Counter

General Purpose Digital I/O

36 IPCS_MISO

TIMER 16 OUT

GPIO6

1 I

I/O

SPI Flash Emulation (SCK) Serial Clock Port

External Input to 8-Bit Timer/Counter

General Purpose Digital I/O

39 IPCS_MISO

TIMER 16 OUT

GPIO6

1 I

I/O

SPI Flash Emulation Slave Select, Active Low

External Input to Low Power Timer/Counter

General Purpose Digital I/O

51 FLASH_P_ENn 1 I UP Flash Program Enable, Active low

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VSUPPLY: System and I/O power supply. Provides power

to the module. The digital-interface I/O voltages are also

set by this voltage.

ANTENNA: Multiplexed receiver input and transmitter output

pin. The impedance presented to the MMCX connector

should be 50Ω, single-ended with respect to ground.

AI_0, AI_1, AI_2, AI_3: Analog Inputs. These pins are

multiplexed to the analog input chain. The analog input

chain, as shown in Figure 8, is software-configurable

and includes a variable-gain amplifier, an offset-DAC for

adjusting input range, and a 10b ADC. Valid input range

is between 0 to 1.8V.

PIN FUNCTIONS

Pin functions shown in grey are currently not supported in software.

NO I2C/1-Wire/SPI Slave TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

47 SPIS_MISO

UARTC1_TX

1_WIRE

2 O

I/O

SPI Slave (MISO) Master In Slave Out Port

CLI UART 1 Transmit

1 Wire Master

48 SPIS_MOSI

UARTC1_RX

GPIO26

I/O

SPI Slave (MOSI) Master Out Slave In Port

CLI UART 1 Receive

General Purpose Digital I/O

49 SPIS_SCK

SCL

2 I

I/O

SPI Slave (SCK) Serial Clock Port

I2C Serial Clock

50 SPIS_SSn

SDA

2 I

I/O

SPI Slave Select, Active Low

I2C Serial Data

NO API UART TYPE I/O PULL DESCRIPTION

57 UART_RX_RTSn 1 (Note 14) I - UART Receive (RTS) Request to Send, Active Low

58 UART_RX_CTSn 1 O - UART Receive (CTS) Clear to Send, Active Low

59 UART_RX 1 (Note 14) I - UART Receive

60 UART_TX_RTSn 1 O - UART Transmit (RTS) Request to Send, Active Low

61 UART_TX_CTSn 1 (Note 14) I - UART Transmit (CTS) Clear to Send, Active Low

62 UART_TX 2 O - UART Transmit

Note 14: These inputs are always enabled and must be driven or pulled to

a valid state to avoid leakage.

Note 15: See also pins 33, 35, 36, and 39 for additional GPIO ports.

Note 16: Embedded programming over the IPCS SPI bus is only avaliable

when RESETn is asserted.

59012whm F08

ANALOG INPUT

3-BIT

VGA

4-BIT DAC

10-BIT ADC

Figure 8. Analog Input Chain

RESETn: The asynchronous reset signal is internally pulled

up. Resetting Eterna will result in the ARM Cortex M3

rebooting and loss of network connectivity. Use of this

signal for resetting Eterna is not recommended except

during power-on and in-circuit programming.

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

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For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

RADIO_INHIBIT: RADIO_INHIBIT provide a mechanism for

an external device to temporarily disable radio operaiton.

Failure to observe the timing requirements defined in

the Radio_Inhibit AC Characteristics table, may result

in unreliable netowrk operation. In designs where the

RADIO_INHIBIT function is not needed the input must

either be tied, pulled or actively driven low to avoid excess

leakage.

TMS, TCK, TDI, TDO: JTAG Port Supporting Software

Debug and Boundary Scan.

SLEEPn: The SLEEPn function is not currently supported

in software. The SLEEPn input must either be tied, pulled

or actively driven high to avoid excess leakage.

UART_RX, UART_RX_RTSn, UART_RX_CTSn, UART_TX,

UART_TX_RTSn, UART_TX_CTSn: The API UART interface

includes bi-directional wake up and flow control. Unused

input signals must be driven or pulled to their inactive state.

PIN FUNCTIONS

TIMEn: Strobing the TIMEn input is the most accurate

method to acquire the network time maintained by Eterna.

Eterna latches the network timestamp with sub-microsec-

ond resolution on the rising edge of the TIMEn signal and

produces a packet on the API serial port containing the

timing information.

UARTC0_RX, UARTC0_TX: The CLI UART provides a

mechanism for monitoring, configuration and control of

Eterna during operation. For a complete description of the

supported commands see the SmartMesh WirelessHART

Mote CLI API Guide.

FLASH_P_ENn, IPCS_SSn, IPCS_SCK, IPCS_MISO,

IPCS_SSn: The In-circuit Programming Control System

(IPCS) bus enables in-circuit programming of Eterna’s flash

memory. IPCS_SCK is a clock and should be terminated

appropriately for the driving source to prevent overshoot

and ringing.

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

OPERATION

The LT P 5901/LT P 5902 is the world’s most energy-efficient

IEEE 802.15.4 compliant platform, enabling battery and

energy harvested applications. With a powerful 32-bit ARM

Cortex™-M3, best-in-class radio, flash, RAM and purpose-

built peripherals, Eterna provides a flexible, scalable and

robust networking solution for applications demanding

minimal energy consumption and data reliability in even

the most challenging RF environments.

Shown in Figure 9, Eterna integrates purpose-built periph-

erals that excel in both low operating-energy consump-

tion and the ability to rapidly and precisely cycle between

operating and low-power states. Items in the gray shaded

region labeled “Analog Core” correspond to the analog/

RF components.

POWER SUPPLY

Eterna is powered from a single pin, VSUPPLY, which

powers the I/O cells and is also used to generate internal

supplies. Eterna’s two on-chip DC/DC converters minimize

Eterna’s energy consumption while the device is awake. To

conserve power the DC/DC converters are disabled when

the device is in low-power state. Eterna’s power supply

conditioning architecture, including the two integrated DC/

DC converters and three integrated low-dropout regula-

tors, provides excellent rejection of supply noise. Eterna’s

operating supply voltage range is high enough to support

direct connection to lithium-thionyl chloride Li-SOCl2

sources and wide enough to support battery operation

over a broad temperature range.

SUPPLY MONITORING AND RESET

Eterna integrates a Power-on reset (PoR) circuit. As the

RESETn input pin is nominally configured with an internal

pull-up resistor, no connection is required. For a graceful

shutdown, the software and the networking layers should

be cleanly halted via API commands prior to assertion

of the RESETn pin. See the SmartMesh WirelessHART

Mote API Guide for details on the disconnect and reset

commands. Eterna includes a soft brown-out monitor that

fully protects the flash from corruption in the event that

power is removed while writing to flash. Integrated flash

supervisory functionality, in conjunction with a fault tolerant

file system, yields a robust non-volatile storage solution.

PRECISION TIMING

A major feature of Eterna over competing 802.15.4 prod-

uct offerings is its low-power dedicated timing hardware

and timing algorithms. This functionality provides timing

precision two to three orders of magnitude better than

any other low-power solution available at the time of

publication. Improved timing accuracy allows motes to

minimize the amount of radio listening time required to

ensure packet reception thereby lowering even further

the power consumed by SmartMesh networks. Eterna’s

patented timing hardware and timing algorithms provide

superior performance over rapid temperature changes,

further differentiating Eterna’s reliability when compared

with other wireless products. In addition, precise timing

enables networks to reduce spectral dead time, increasing

total network throughput.

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

59012whmfa

For more information www.linear.com/LTP5901-WHM or www.linear.com/LTP5902-WHM

4-BIT

DAC

VGA

BPF PPF

AGC

LPF

ADC

DAC

10-BIT

ADC

PLL

RSSI

LNA

20MHz

32kHz

32kHz, 20MHz

PTAT

59012whm F09

BAT

LOAD

LIMITER

VOLTAGE REFERENCE

ANALOG COREDIGITAL CORE

CORE REGULATOR

CLOCK REGULATOR

ANALOG REGULATOR

DC/DC

CONVERTER

PRIMARY

DC/DC

CONVERTER

RELAXATION

OSCILLATOR

PoR

TIMERS

SCHED

SRAM

72kB

FLASH

512kB

FLASH

CONTROLLER

CODE

AES

AUTO

MAC

802.15.4

MOD

802.15.4

FRAMING

DMA

IPCS

SPI

SLAVE

CLI

UART

(2 PIN)

API

UART

(6 PIN)

ADC

CTRL

802.15.4

DEMOD

SYSTEM

PMU/

CLOCK

CONTROL

Figure 9. Eterna Block Diagram

OPERATION

LTP5901-WHM/LTP5902-WHM

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OPERATION

APPLICATION TIME SYNCHRONIZATION

In addition to coordinating timeslots across the network,

which is transparent to the user, Eterna’s timing manage-

ment is used to support two mechanisms to share network

time. Having an accurate, shared, network-wide time base

enables events to be accurately time stamped or tasks to

be performed in a synchronized fashion across a network.

Eterna will send a time packet through its serial interface

when one of the following occurs:

n Eterna receives an API request to read time

n The TIMEn signal is asserted

The use of TIMEn has the advantage of being more accu-

rate. The value of the timestamp is captured in hardware

relative to the rising edge of TIMEn. If an API request is

used, due to packet processing, the value of the timestamp

may be captured several milliseconds after receipt of

the packet due to packet processing. See the TIMEn AC

Characteristics section for the time function’s definition

and specifications.

TIME REFERENCES

Eterna includes three clock sources: an internal relaxation

oscillator, a low power oscillator designed for a 32.768kHz

crystal, and the radio reference oscillator designed for a

20MHz crystal.

Relaxation Oscillator

The relaxation oscillator is the primary clock source

for Eterna, providing the clock for the CPU, memory

subsystems, and all peripherals. The internal relaxation

oscillator is dynamically calibrated to 7.3728 MHz. The

internal relaxation oscillator typically starts up in a few

μs, providing an expedient, low-energy method for duty

cycling between active and low power states. Quick start-up

from the doze state, defined in the State Diagram section,

allows Eterna to wake up and receive data over the UART

and SPI interfaces by simply detecting activity on the

appropriate signals.

32.768kHz Crystal

Once Eterna is powered up and the 32.768kHz crystal

source has begun oscillating, the 32.768kHz crystal re-

mains operational while in the Active state, and is used as

the timing basis when in Doze state. See the State Diagram

section for a description of Eterna’s operational states.

20MHz Crystal

The 20MHz crystal source provides a frequency reference

for the radio, and is automatically enabled and disabled

by Eterna as needed.

RADIO

Eterna includes the lowest-power commercially available

2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4e radio by a substantial margin.

(Please refer to the Radio Specifications section for

power consumption numbers.). Eterna’s integrated power

amplifier is calibrated and temperature-compensated to

consistently provide power at a limit suitable for worldwide

radio certifications. Additionally, Eterna uniquely includes

a hardware-based autonomous MAC that handles precise

sequencing of peripherals, including the transmitter, the

receiver, and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) pe-

ripherals. The hardware-based autonomous Media Access

Controller (MAC) minimizes CPU activity, thereby further

decreasing power consumption.

UARTS

The principal network interface is through the application

programming interface (API) UART. A command-line

interface (CLI) is also provided for support of test and

debug functions. Both UARTs sense activity continuously,

consuming virtually no power until data is transferred

over the port and then automatically returning to their

lowest power state after the conclusion of a transfer. The

definition for packet encoding on the API UART interface

can be found in the SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote API

Guide and the CLI command definitions can be found in

the SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote CLI Guide.

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OPERATION

API UART Protocol

The API UART protocol was created with the goal of

supporting a wide range of companion Multipoint Control

Units (MCUs) while reducing power consumption of the

system. The receive half of the API UART protocol includes

two additional signals in addition to UART_RX: UART_RX_

RTSn and UART_RX_CTSn. The transmit half of the API

UART protocol includes two additional signals in addition

to UART_TX: UART_TX_RTSn and UART_TX_CTSn. The

API UART protocol is referred to as Mode 4.

In the Figures accompanying the protocol descriptions,

signals driven by the companion processor are drawn

in black and signals driven by Eterna are drawn in blue.

UART Mode 4

UART Mode 4 incorporates level-sensitive flow control

on the TX channel and requires no flow control on the

RX channel, supporting 115200 baud. The use of level-

sensitive flow control signals enables data rates above

9600 baud with the option of using a reduced set of

the flow control signals; however, Mode 4 has specific

limitations. First, the use of the RX flow control signals

(UART_RX_RTSn and UART_RX_CTSn) for Mode 4

are optional provided the use is limited to the industrial

temperature range (–40°C to 85°C); otherwise, the flow

control is mandatory. If RX flow control signals are

not used, UART_RX_RTSn should be tied to VSUPPLY

(inactive) and UART_RX_CTSn should be left unconnected.

Second, unless the companion processor is always ready

to receive a packet, the companion processor must negate

UART_TX_CTSn prior to the end of the current. Failure

to negate UART_TX_CTSn prior to the end of a packet

may result in back to back packets. Third, the companion

processor must wait at least tRX_RTS to RX_CTS between

transmitting packets. See the UART AC Characteristics

section for complete timing specifications. Packets are

HDLC encoded with one stop bit and no parity bit. The

use of the RX flow control signals (UART_RX_RTSn

and UART_RX_CTSn) for Mode 4 are optional. The flow

control signals for the TX channel are shown in Figure 10.

Transfers are initiated by Eterna asserting UART_TX_RTSn.

The UART_TX_CTSn signal may be actively driven by the

companion processor when ready to receive a packet

or UART_TX_CTSn may be tied low if the companion

processor is always ready to receive a packet. After

detecting a logic ‘0’ on UART_TX_CTSn Eterna sends the

entire packet. Following the transmission of the final byte

in the packet Eterna negates UART_TX_RTSn and waits for

tTX_INTERPACKET, defined in the UART AC Characteristics

section before asserting UART_TX_RTSn again.

For details on the timing of the UART protocol, see the

UART AC Characteristics section.

CLI UART

The Command Line Interface (CLI) UART port is a two

wire protocol (TX and RX) that operates at a fixed 9600

baud rate with one stop bit and no parity. The CLI UART

interface is intended to support command line instructions

and response activity.

AUTONOMOUS MAC

Eterna was designed as a system solution to provide a

reliable, ultra-low power, and secure network. A reliable

network capable of dynamically optimizing operation

over changing environments requires solutions that are

far too complex to completely support through hardware

acceleration alone. As described in the Precision Timing

section, proper time management is essential for optimizing

a solution that is both low power and reliable. To address

these requirements Eterna includes the Autonomous MAC,

which incorporates a co-processor for controlling all of

the time-critical radio operations. The Autonomous MAC

provides two benefits: first, preventing variable software

latency from affecting network timing and second, greatly

Figure 10. UART Mode 4 Transmit Flow Control

59012whm F10

UART_TX BYTE 0 BYTE 1

UART_TX_CTSn

UART_TX_RTSn

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OPERATION

reducing system power consumption by allowing the CPU

to remain inactive during the majority of the radio activity.

The Autonomous MAC, provides software-independent

timing control of the radio and radio-related functions,

resulting in superior reliability and exceptionally low power.

SECURITY

Network security is an often overlooked component of a

complete network solution. Proper implementation of se-

curity protocols is significant in terms of both engineering

effort and market value in an OEM product. Eterna system

solutions provide a FIPS-197 validated encryption scheme

that includes authentication and encryption at the MAC

and network layers with separate keys for each mote.

This not only yields end-to-end security, but if a mote is

somehow compromised, communication from other motes

is still secure. A mechanism for secure key exchange al-

lows keys to be kept fresh. To prevent physical attacks,

Eterna includes hardware support for electronically locking

devices, thereby preventing access to Eterna’s flash and

RAM memory and thus the keys and code stored therein.

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Eterna includes a calibrated temperature sensor on chip.

The temperature readings are available locally through

Eterna’s serial API, in addition to being available via the

network manager. The performance characteristics of

the temperature sensor can be found in the Temperature

Sensor Characteristics section.

RADIO INHIBIT

The RADIO_INHIBIT input enables an external controller

to temporarily disable the radio software drivers (for

example, to take a sensor reading that is susceptible to

radio interference). When RADIO_INHIBIT is asserted

the software radio drivers will disallow radio operations

including clear channel assessment, packet transmits,

or packet receipts. If the radio is active in the current

timeslot when RADIO_INHIBIT is asserted the radio will be

diabled after the present operation completes. For details

on the timing associated with RADIO_INHIBIT, see the

RADIO_INHIBIT AC Characteristics section.

SOFTWARE INSTALLATION

Devices are supplied with the flash erased, requiring pro-

gramming as part of the OEMs manufacturing procedure.

The US Department of Commerce places restrictions on

export of systems and software supporting encryption.

All of Linear/Dust product software produced to date

contains encryption and is subject to export regulations

and may be provided only via MyLinear, https://www.

linear.com/mylinear. Customers purchasing SmartMesh

products will receive a certificate containing a registration

key and registration instructions with their order. After

registering with the key, customers will be able to

download SmartMesh software images from MyLinear.

Once registered, customers will receive automated e-mail

notifications as software updates are made available.

Linear Technology offers the DC9010, in circuit program-

mer for the Eterna based products. While the DC9010, is

provided as a finished product, the design documents are

provided as a reference for customers.

Once software has been loaded, devices can be configured

via either the CLI or API ports. Configuration commands

and settings are defined in SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote

API Guide and SmartMesh WirelessHART Mote CLI Guide.

FLASH DATA RETENTION

Eterna contains internal flash (Non-Volatile Memory) to

store calibration results, unique ID, configuration settings

and software images. Flash retention over the operating

temperature range. See Electrical Characteristics and

Absolute Maximum Ratings sections.

Non destructive storage above the operating temperature

range of –40°C to 85°C is possible; although, this may

result in a degradation of retention characteristics.

The degradation in flash retention for temperatures >85°C

can be approximated by calculating the dimensionless

acceleration factor using the following equation:

AF =e









•1

USE+273 −1

TSTRESS+273























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Where:

AF = acceleration factor

Ea = activation energy = 0.6eV

k = 8.625 • 10–5eV/°K

TUSE = is the specified temperature retention in °C

TSTRESS = actual storage temperature in °C

Example: Calculate the effect on retention when storing

at a temperature of 105°C.

TSTRESS = 105°C

TUSE = 85°C

AF = 2.8

So the overall retention of the flash would be degraded

by a factor of 2.8, reducing data retention from 20 years

at 85°C to 7.1 years at 105°C.

STATE DIAGRAM

In order to provide capabilities and flexibility in addition

to ultra low power, Eterna operates in various states, as

shown in Figure 11. State transitions shown in red are

not recommended.

Start Up

Start Up occurs as a result of either crossing the Power-on

reset threshold or asserting RESETn. After the completion

of Power-on reset or the falling edge of an internally

synchronized RESETn, Eterna loads its Fuse Table which,

as described in the previous section, includes setting

I/O direction. In this state, Eterna checks the state of

the FLASH_P_ENn and RESETn and enters the serial

flash emulation mode if both signals are asserted. If the

FLASH_P_ENn pin is not asserted but RESETn is asserted,

Eterna automatically reduces its energy consumption to

a minimum until RESETn is released. Once RESETn is

de-asserted, Eterna goes through a boot sequence, and

then enters the Active state.

OPERATION

Serial Flash Emulation

When both RESETn and FLASH_P_ENn are asserted,

Eterna disables normal operation and enters a mode to

emulate the operation of a serial flash. In this mode, its

flash can be programmed.

Operation

Once Eterna has completed startup, Eterna transitions to

the Operational group of states (active/CPU active, active/

CPU inactive, and Doze). There, Eterna cycles between the

various states, automatically selecting the lowest pos-

sible power state while fulfilling the demands of network

operation.

Active State

In the Active State, Eterna’s relaxation oscillator is running

and peripherals are enabled as needed. The ARM Cortex-M3

cycles between CPU-active and CPU-inactive (referred to

in the ARM Cortex-M3 literature as “Sleep Now” mode).

Eterna’s extensive use of DMA and intelligent peripherals

that independently move Eterna between Active State and

Doze State minimizes the time the CPU is active, signifi-

cantly reducing Eterna’s energy consumption.

Doze State

The Doze State consumes orders of magnitude less cur-

rent than the Active State and is entered when all of the

peripherals and the CPU are inactive. In the Doze State

Eterna’s full state is retained, timing is maintained, and

Eterna is configured to detect, wake, and rapidly respond

to activity on I/Os (such as UART signals and the TIMEn

pin). In the Doze State the 32.768kHz oscillator and as-

sociated timers are active.

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OPERATION

SERIAL FLASH

EMULATION

LOAD FUSE

SETTINGS

RESETn LOW AND

FLASH_P_ENn HIGH

RESETn HIGH

AND

FLASH_P_ENn

HIGH

RESET

DEASSERT

RESETn

CPU AND

PERIPHERALS

INACTIVE

HW OR PMU EVENT

BOOT

START-UP

OPERATION INACTIVE

DOZE DEEP SLEEP

LOW POWER SLEEP

COMMAND

59012whm F11

ASSERT RESETn

ASSERT RESETnASSERT RESETn

CPU

ACTIVE

CPU

INACTIVE

POWER-ON

RESET

RESETn LOW AND

FLASH_P_ENn LOW

SET RESETn HIGH AND

FLASH_P_ENn HIGH

FOR 125µs, THEN

SET RESETn LOW

VSUPPLY > PoR

ACTIVE

Figure 11. Eterna State Diagram

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REGULATORY AND STANDARDS COMPLIANCE

Radio Certification

The LT P 5901 and LT P 5902 have been certified under a

single modular certification, with the module name of

ETERNA2. Following the regulatory requirements pro-

vided in the ETERNA2 User’s Guide enables customers

to ship products in the supported geographies, by simply

completing an unintentional radiator scan of the finished

product(s). The ETERNA2 User’s Guide also provides

the technical information needed to enable customers

to further certify either the modules or products based

upon the modules in geographies that have not or do not

support modular certification.

Compliance to Restriction of Hazardous Substances

(RoHS)

Restriction of Hazardous Substances 2 (RoHS 2) is a

directive that places maximum concentration limits on

the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and

electronic equipment. Linear Technology is committed to

meeting the requirements of the European Community

directive 2011/65/EU.

This product has been specifically designed to utilize

RoHS-compliant materials and to eliminate or reduce the

use of restricted materials to comply with 2011/65/EU.

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

The RoHS-compliant design features include:

n RoHS-compliant solder for solder joints

n RoHS-compliant base metal alloys

n RoHS-compliant precious metal plating

n RoHS-compliant cable assemblies and connector

choices

n Lead-free QFN package

n Halogen-free mold compound

n RoHS-compliant and 245 °C re-flow compatible

Note: Customers may elect to use certain types of lead-

free solder alloys in accordance with the European Com-

munity directive 2011/65/EU. Depending on the type of

solder paste chosen, a corresponding process change to

optimize reflow temperatures may be required.

SOLDERING INFORMATION

The LT P 5901 and LT P 5902 are suitable for both eutectic

PbSn and RoHS-6 reflow. The maximum reflow solder-

ing temperature is 260°C. A more detailed description of

layout recommendations, assembly procedures and design

considerations is included in the LT P 5901 and LT P 5902

Hardware Integration Guide.