LR745 High Input Voltage SMPS Start-up Features General Description Accepts inputs from 35V to 450V Output current limiting For PWM ICs with start-up threshold voltage of 13.9 - 18.0V Very low power consumption after start-up The Supertex LR745 is a high input voltage SMPS startup circuit. The LR745 is ideally suited for use with industry standard low voltage PWM ICs having start thresholds of 13.9 - 18.0V. It allows the PWM ICs to be operated from rectified 120 or 240VAC lines, and eliminates the use of power resistors often used for this purpose. Applications The internal circuitry of the LR745 allows the PWM ICs to operate at a VCC voltage below their start threshold voltage after start-up. The auxiliary voltage can be less than the start threshold voltage, which allows for improved efficiency. Current from the high voltage line is drawn only during the start-up period. After start-up, the internal high voltage line is disconnected from the IC, thereby reducing the continuous power dissipation to a minimum. Notebook and laptop computers Telecommunication power supplies Battery chargers Motor controllers Pin Configurations Ordering Information Device LR745 Package Options TO-92 TO-243AA (SOT-89) LR745N3-G LR745N8-G GND VOUT VOUT GND VIN VIN -G indicates package is RoHS compliant (`Green') GND TO-243AA (SOT-89) (N8) TO-92 (N3) Package Markings Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Value Input voltage 450V Output voltage 25V Operating and storage temperature Soldering temperature* S i LR 7 4 5 YWLL Package may or may not include the following marks: Si or TO-92 (N3) -55C to +150OC 300OC Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Functional operation under these conditions is not implied. Continuous operation of the device at the absolute rating level may affect device reliability. All voltages are referenced to device ground. Y = Last Digit of Year Sealed W = Code for Week Sealed L = Lot Number = "Green" Packaging LR7W W = Code for Week Sealed = "Green" Packaging Package may or may not include the following marks: Si or TO-243AA (SOT-89) (N8) * Distance of 1.6mm from case for 10 seconds. 1235 Bordeaux Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Tel: 408-222-8888 www.supertex.com LR745 Electrical Characteristics (Test conditions unless otherwise specified: TA = 25C; VIN = 450V) Sym Parameter Min Typ Max Units Output voltage 18.0 - 24 V IOUT = 0 VOUT over temperature 17.7 - 24.3 V IOUT = 0, TA = -40C to +85OC IOUT Output current limiting 2.0 3.0 4.0 mA --- VIN Operating input voltage range 35 - 450 V --- IINQ Input quiescent current - - 500 A VIN = 400V, IOUT = 0 Output turn off voltage 12.6 13.25 13.9 V --- VOFF over temperature 12.3 13.25 14.2 V TA = -40C to +85OC Output reset voltage 6.3 7.0 7.7 V --- VRESET over temperature 6.0 7.0 8.0 V TA = -40C to +85OC VOUT VOFF VRESET Conditions IOFF VIN off-state leakage current - - 75 A VIN = 400V VAUX External voltage applied to VOUT - - 22 V --- IAUX Input current applied to VOUT - - 500 A VAUX = 22V Block Diagram VIN R4 + 23V - M2 M1 VZ 2.0 to 4.0mA VOUT VREF Reset Reset ++ - - R1 comp1 comp1 R2 VOUT Q R D Clock CLK + comp2 - R3 GND 1235 Bordeaux Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Tel: 408-222-8888 www.supertex.com 2 LR745 Block Diagram Detailed Description The Supertex LR745 is a high voltage, switch-mode power supply start-up circuit which has 3 terminals: VIN, GND, and VOUT. An input voltage range of 35 - 450VDC can be applied directly at the input VIN pin. The output voltage, VOUT, is monitored by the 2 comparators, COMP1 and COMP2. An internal reference, VREF, and resistor divider R1, R2, and R3 set the nominal VOUT trip points of 7.0V for COMP1 and 13.25V for COMP2. When a voltage is applied on VIN, VOUT will start to ramp up from 0V. When VOUT is less than 7.0V, the output of COMP1 will be at a logic high state, keeping the D flip flop in a reset state. The output of the D flip flop, Q, will be at logic low keeping transistor M2 off. The data input for the D flip flop, D, is internally connected to a logic high. As VOUT becomes greater than 7.0V, COMP1 will change to a logic low state. VOUT will continue to increase, and the constant current source of typically 3.0mA output will charge an external storage capacitor. As VOUT reaches above 13.25V, the output of COMP2 will then switch from a logic high to a logic low state. The D flip flop's output does not change state since its clock input is designed to trigger only on a rising edge, logic low to logic high transition. When there is no load connected to the output, the output voltage will continue to increase until it reaches 21.5V, which is the zener voltage minus the threshold voltage of transistor M1. The zener voltage is typically 23V, and the threshold voltage of M1 is typically 1.5V. The zener diode is biased by resistor R4. VOUT will start to decrease when it is connected to an external load greater than the internal constant current source, which is the case when the PWM IC starts up. When VOUT falls below 13.25V, the output of COMP2 will switch from a logic low to a logic high. The output of COMP2 will clock in a logic 1 into the D flip flop, causing the D flip flop's output, Q, to switch from a logic low to a logic high. Transistor M2 will then be turned on pulling the gate of transistor M1 to ground, thereby turning transistor M1 off. Transistor M1 will remain off as long as VOUT is greater than 7.0V. Once VOUT decreases below 7.0V, COMP1 will reset the D flip flop, thereby turning transistor M2 off and transistor M1 back on. Typical Application Figure 1 shows a simplified typical configuration of a switchmode power supply, SMPS, using the Supertex LR745 in the start-up circuit. The LR745's VOUT terminal is connected to the VCC line of a PWM IC, Unitrode part #UC3844. An auxiliary winding on the transformer is used to generate a VCC voltage to power the PWM IC after start-up. The LR745 is used to supply power for the PWM IC only during start-up. After start-up, the LR745 turns off and the auxiliary winding is used to supply power for the PWM IC. Figure 2 shows the typical current and voltage waveforms at various stages from power up to operation powered by the auxiliary winding. Stage I Once a voltage is applied on VIN, the LR745 will start to charge the VCC capacitor, C1. The VCC voltage will start to increase at a rate limited by the internal current limiter of 3.0mA. The PWM IC is in its start-up condition and will typically draw 0.5mA from the VCC line. The VCC voltage will continue to increase until it reaches the PWM IC's start threshold voltage of typically 16V. Stage II Once VCC reaches 16V, the PWM IC is in its operating condition and will draw typically 20mA, depending on the operating frequency and size of the switching MOSFET. The output of the LR745, VOUT, is internally current limited to 3.0mA. The remaining 17mA will be supplied by C1 causing the VCC voltage decrease. When VCC decreases to 13.25V, the LR745 will turn off its output, thereby reducing its input current from 3.0mA to 10s of microamperes. At this point, all 20mA will be supplied by C1. The PWM IC can now operate to a minimum VCC voltage of typically 10V. Once the switching MOSFET starts operating, the energy in the primary winding is transferred to the secondary outputs and the auxiliary winding, thereby building up VAUX. It is necessary to size the VCC storage capacitor, C1, such that VAUX increases to a voltage greater than 10V before VCC decreases to 10V. This allows VAUX to supply the required operating current for the PWM IC. If for some reason the auxiliary voltage does not reach 10V, VCC will continue to decrease. Once VCC goes below 10V, the PWM IC will return to its start-up condition. The PWM IC will now only draw 0.5mA. VCC will continue to decrease but at a much slower rate. Once VCC decreases below 7.0V, the LR745 will turn the output, VOUT, back on. VOUT will start charging C1 as described in Stage I. 1235 Bordeaux Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Tel: 408-222-8888 www.supertex.com 3 LR745 Figure 1: Simplified SMPS Using LR745 High Voltage VIN IAUX D2 VAUX IIN C2 VOUT LR7 GND VCC PWM IC UC3844 C1 Figure 1: LR745 Start-up Waveforms 16.0 VOUT 13.5 (Volts) 12.0 8.0 Stage Stage Stage I II III PWM IC Start Threshold Voltage LR7 VOFF Trip Point Auxiliary Supply Powers PWM IC 4.0 0.0 t 3.0 IIN (mA) 2.0 1.0 0.0 IIN 0mA t 12.0 VAUX (Volts) 8.0 4.0 0.0 VAUX = 12V t 30.0 IAUX (mA) 20.0 IAUX = 20mA 10.0 t 0.0 1235 Bordeaux Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Tel: 408-222-8888 www.supertex.com 4 LR745 Stage III At this stage the LR745's output is turned off and the PWM IC is operating from the VAUX supply. The auxiliary voltage, VAUX, can be designed to vary anywhere between the minimum operating VCC voltage of the PWM IC (10V) to the maximum auxiliary voltage rating of the LR745 (22V). Consider for example, a PWM IC with a switching frequency of 100KHz, operating current of 20mA, start threshold of 16V, and a minimum operating voltage of 10V. If 100 clock cycles are required to charge the auxiliary voltage to 10V, the minimum value of C1 is calculated as follows: 1 x (100) x (20mA) 100KHz Design Considerations C1 = I. Calculating the value for C1 C1 = 3.3F Sizing the VCC capacitor, C1, is an important factor. Making C1 too large will cause the SMPS to power up too slowly. However, if too small, C1 will not allow the SMPS to power up due to insufficient charge in the capacitor to power the IC and MOSFET until the auxiliary supply is available. The value of C1 can be approximated by the following equation: C1 = 1 x (N) x (l) f (VSTART - VMIN) where, f = switching frequency N = number of clock cycles required to chargeVAUX to VMIN value I = PWM operating current VSTART = PWM IC start threshold rating VMIN = PWM IC minimum VCC operating voltage (16V -10V) II. SMPS with wide minimum to maximum load An important point is that the LR745's output voltage, VOUT, must discharge to below the nominal VOFF trip point of 13.25V in order for its output to turn off. If the SMPS requires a wide minimum to maximum output load variation, it will be difficult to guarantee that VCC will fall below 13.25V under minimum load conditions. Consider an SMPS that is required to power small as well as large loads and is also required to power up quickly. Such a SMPS may power up too fast with a small load, not allowing the VCC voltage to fall below 13.25V. For such conditions, the circuit in Figure 3 is recommended. In Figure 3, the VREF pin of the UC3844 is used to bias the ground pin of the LR745. The VREF pin on the UC3844 is a 5.0V reference, which stays at 0V until the VCC voltage reaches the start threshold voltage. Once VCC reaches the start threshold voltage, VREF will switch digitally from 0V to 5.0V. During start-up, the LR745 will be on, and VCC will start to increase up to 16V. Once VCC reaches16V, the UC3844 will start to operate and VREF will increase from 0V to 5.0V. The LR745 will see an effective VOUT voltage of 11V (16V minus 5.0V) because the ground of the LR745 is now at 5.0V. The LR745 will immediately turn off its output, VOUT, without having to wait for the VCC voltage to decrease. The VREF switching from 0 to 5.0V during start is a common feature in most PWM ICs. Figure 3: Using VREF for the LR745 Ground Voltage VIN LR7 VOUT VCC PWM IC UC3844 GND C1 VREF 1235 Bordeaux Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Tel: 408-222-8888 www.supertex.com 5 LR745 3-Lead TO-92 Package Outline (N3) D A 1 Seating Plane 2 3 L b e1 e c Side View Front View E1 E 3 1 2 Bottom View Symbol Dimensions (inches) A b c D E E1 e e1 L MIN .170 .014 .014 .175 .125 .080 .095 .045 .500 NOM - - - - - - - - - MAX .210 .022 .022 .205 .165 .105 .105 .055 .610* JEDEC Registration TO-92. * This dimension is not specified in the original JEDEC drawing. The value listed is for reference only. This dimension is a non-JEDEC dimension. Drawings not to scale. Supertex Doc.#: DSPD-3TO92N3, Version D080408. 1235 Bordeaux Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Tel: 408-222-8888 www.supertex.com 6 LR745 3-Lead TO-243AA (SOT-89) Package Outline (N8) b Symbol Dimensions (mm) b1 A b b1 C D D1 E E1 MIN 1.40 0.44 0.36 0.35 4.40 1.62 2.29 2.13 NOM - - - - - - - - MAX 1.60 0.56 0.48 0.44 4.60 1.83 2.60 2.29 e e1 1.50 BSC 3.00 BSC H L 3.94 0.89 - - 4.25 1.20 JEDEC Registration TO-243, Variation AA, Issue C, July 1986. Drawings not to scale. Supertex Doc. #: DSPD-3TO243AAN8, Version D070908. (The package drawings in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to http://www.supertex.com/packaging.html.) Supertex inc. does not recommend the use of its products in life support applications, and will not knowingly sell them for use in such applications unless it receives an adequate "product liability indemnification insurance agreement." Supertex inc. does not assume responsibility for use of devices described, and limits its liability to the replacement of the devices determined defective due to workmanship. No responsibility is assumed for possible omissions and inaccuracies. Circuitry and specifications are subject to change without notice. For the latest product specifications refer to the Supertex inc. website: http//www.supertex.com. (c)2008 All rights reserved. Unauthorized use or reproduction is prohibited. Doc.# DSFP-LR745 B123008 7 1235 Bordeaux Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Tel: 408-222-8888 www.supertex.com