G5121 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Fixed Frequency White LED Step-Up Converter Features General Description The G5121 is a step-up DC/DC converter specifically designed to drive up to 5 series white LEDs with constant current. Series connection of the LEDs provides identical LED currents resulting in uniform brightness and eliminates the need for ballast resistors. The G5121 switches at 1MHz, allowing the use of tiny external components. A low 0.254V feedback voltage minimizes power loss in the current setting resistor for high efficiency. The OVP pin monitors the output voltage and turns off the converter whenever the LEDs are open. Inherently Matched LED Current High Efficiency: 87% Drives Up to Five LEDs from 2.5V Supply 24V Internal Power Switch Fast 1MHz Switching Frequency Uses Tiny 1mm Tall Inductors Requires Only 1F Output Capacitors 19.5V Over Voltage Protection SOT-23-6 Package Applications The G5121 is available in low profile SOT-23-6 package. White LED Backlight Display for PDA Pocket PC Smart Phones Handheld Devices Cellular Phones Ordering Information ORDER NUMBER MARKING TEMP. RANGE PACKAGE (Pb free) G5121TB1U 5121x -40C ~ +85C SOT-23-6 Note: TB : SOT23-6 U: Tape & Reel Pin Configuration Typical Application Circuit D1 L1 VIN 2.7V to 4.2V SW 1 6 4.7H VCC VCC SW C2 1F/25V 5 LEDs OVP GND FB 2 G5121 5 4 3 C1 4.7F/6.3V OVP SHDN PWM Dimming Waveform G5121 SHDN GND FB RS SOT-23-6 C1:TAIYO YUDEN, JMK212BJ475KD C2:TAIYO YUDEN, TMK316BJ105KD TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.1 Nov 17, 2005 1 G5121 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Absolute Maximum Ratings Junction Temperature..........................................125C Storage Temperature..........................-65C to 150C Reflow Temperature (soldering, 10sec)............260C ESD Rating (Human Body Model).......................2kV VCC, SHDN to GND...............................-0.3V to +7V FB to GND.................................................-0.3V to VCC SW, OVP to GND................................-0.3V to +24V Operating Temperature.........................-40C to 85C Stress beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Rating" may cause permanent damage to the device. Electrical Characteristics (VCC=V SHDN =3.6V, TA=25C) PARAMETER CONDITIONS Input Voltage Range Input Voltage UVLO MIN TYP MAX UNITS 2.5 --- 6 V 1.7 2.0 2.3 V Over Voltage Protection Threshold trigger 18.5 19.5 21 V Over Voltage Protection Threshold release 13.5 15 16.5 V OVP Pin Input Current Vovp = 16V --- 40 60 A VFB = 0.3V (no switching) --- 80 120 A VFB = 0.2V (switching) V SHDN = 0V --- --- 2 mA --- 0.1 1 A Quiescent Current FB Comparator Trip Point Switching Frequency Initial Accuracy 244 254 264 mV Temperature Coefficient --- 100 --- ppm/C VFB = 0.2V 0.8 1.0 1.2 MHz 85 --- --- % --- 0.7 1.0 Maximum Duty Switch RDS(ON) ISW = 150mA Switch Leakage Current VSW = 20V --- 0.1 10 A 500 600 700 mA Soft Start Time --- 120 --- s SHDN Pin Voltage High 2 --- --- V SHDN Pin Voltage Low --- --- 0.8 V Switch Current Limit TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.1 Nov 17, 2005 2 G5121 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Typical Performance Characteristics (VCC= +3.6V, V SHDN = +3.6V, L=4.7H, TA=25C, unless otherwise noted.) Stability for Driving 5 WLEDs Stability for Driving 4 WLEDs Stability for Driving 3 WLEDs Stability for Driving 2 WLEDs Inrush Current for Driving 5 WLEDs Inrush Current for Driving 4 WLEDs TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.1 Nov 17, 2005 3 G5121 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) Inrush Current for Driving 2 WLEDs Inrush Current for Driving 3 WLEDs Dimming Control for Driving 4 WLEDs OVP Waveform Efficiency vs. Load Current Efficiency vs. Load Current 90 90 80 80 V IN=2.7V V IN=3.6V V IN=2.7V V IN=4.2V 60 50 40 30 V IN=4.2V V IN=3.6V 70 Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) 70 60 50 40 30 5LEDs, CO=1F 20 4LEDs, CO=1F 20 10 10 0 5 10 15 Load Current (mA) 20 25 0 5 10 15 Load Current (mA) 20 25 TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.1 Nov 17, 2005 4 G5121 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) Efficiency vs. Load Current Efficiency vs. Load Current 90 90 80 80 VIN=2.7V VIN=2.7V VIN=3.6V VIN=4.2V 60 50 40 30 60 50 40 30 3LEDs, CO=1F 20 2LEDs, CO=1F 20 10 10 0 5 10 15 Load Current (mA) 20 25 0 IQ_NoSW vs. Input Voltage 5 10 15 Load Current (mA) 20 25 IQ_NoSW vs. Temperature 100 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 90 80 IQ_NoSW (uA) IQ_NoSW (uA) VIN=3.6V VIN=4.2V 70 Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) 70 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Input Voltage (V) 5 5.5 -40 6 Frequency vs. Input Voltage -20 0 20 40 60 Temperature (C) 80 100 Frequency vs. Temperature 1 1.1 1.05 0.95 Frequency (MHz) Frequency (MHz) 1 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.75 0.7 0.7 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Input Voltage (V) 5 5.5 -40 6 -20 0 20 40 60 Temperature (C) 80 100 TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.1 Nov 17, 2005 5 G5121 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) OVP Trigger Threshold vs. Temperature 21 20.5 20.5 OVP Trigger Threshold (V) OVP Trigger Threshold (V) OVP Trigger Threshold vs. Input Voltage 21 20 19.5 19 18.5 18 20 19.5 19 18.5 18 17.5 17.5 17 17 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Input Voltage (V) 5 5.5 -40 6 OVP Release Threshold vs. Input Voltage 20 40 60 80 100 OVP Release Threshold vs. Temperature 17 16.5 16.5 OVP Release Threshold (V) OVP Release Threshold (V) 0 Temperature (C) 17 16 15.5 15 14.5 14 13.5 16 15.5 15 14.5 14 13.5 13 13 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Input Voltage (V) 5 5.5 6 -40 OVP Pin Input Current vs. Input Voltage -20 0 20 40 60 Temperature (C) 80 100 OVP Pin Input Current vs. Temperature 60 60 50 50 OVP Pin Input Current (uA) OVP Pin Input Current (uA) -20 40 30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Input Voltage (V) 5 5.5 6 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Temperature (C) 80 100 TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.1 Nov 17, 2005 6 G5121 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Recommended Minimum Footprint SOT-23-6 Block Diagram FB SW OVP COMPENSATION COMPARATOR A1 + A2 + DRIVER Q R CONTROL M1 S 0.254V VREF + RAMP GENERATOR OC 1MHz OSCILLATOR VCC SHDN GND TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.1 Nov 17, 2005 7 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. G5121 Pin Description PIN NAME 1 2 SW GND FUNCTION 3 FB 4 SHDN Ground Pin. Feedback Pin. Connect current setting resistor Rs from this pin to ground. The LED current is set as 0.254V/ Rs. Active Low Shutdown Pin. 5 6 OVP VCC Over Voltage Protection Sense Pin. Input Supply Pin. Bypass this pin with a capacitor as close to the device as possible. Switch Pin. The drain of the internal NMOS power switch. Connect this pin to inductor. Function Description Since the G5121 is designed to operate in discontinuous mode, the inductor current reaches zero during discharge phase. After the inductor current reaches zero, the switch pin exhibits ringing due to the LC tank circuit formed by the inductor in combination with switch and diode capacitance. This ringing is not harmful; far less spectral energy is contained in the ringing than in the switch transitions. The ringing can be damped by application of a 300 resistor across the inductor, although this will degrade efficiency. Normal Operation The G5121 uses a constant frequency control scheme to provide excellent line and load regulation. Operation can be best understood by referring to the block diagram. At the start of each oscillator cycle, the SR latch is set, which turns on the power switch M1. An artificial ramp is generated to the positive terminal of the PWM comparator A2. When this voltage exceeds the level at the negative input of A2, the SR latch is reset turning off the power switch. The level at the negative input of A2 is set by the error amplifier A1, and is simply an amplified version of the difference between the feedback voltage and the reference voltage of 0.254V. In this manner, the error amplifier sets the correct peak current level to keep the output in regulation. If the error amplifier's output increases, more current is delivered to the output, if it decreases, less current is delivered. Capacitor Selection The small size of ceramic capacitors makes them suitable for G5121 applications. X5R and X7R types are recommended because they retain their capacitance over wider voltage and temperature ranges than other types such as Y5V or Z5U. A minimum 1F capacitor for output is required for most applications. Larger input/output capacitor minimizes input/output ripple. Diode Selection Schottky diodes, with their low forward voltage drop and fast reverse recovery, are the ideal choices for G5121 applications. The forward voltage drop of a Schottky diode represents the conduction losses in the diode, while the diode capacitance (CT or CD) represents the switching losses. For diode selection, both forward voltage drop and diode capacitance need to be considered. Schottky diodes with higher current ratings usually have lower forward voltage drop and larger diode capacitance, which can cause significant switching losses at the 1MHz switching frequency of the G5121. A Schottky diode rated at 500mA is sufficient for most G5121 applications. Over Voltage Protection Over voltage protection function is designed to prevent the damage of internal NMOS switch in case the increased impedance of the LED load (include the LED opened). Once the device detects over voltage (typical 19.5V) at the output, the internal NMOS switch is kept off until the output voltage drops below 15V. Application Information Inductor Selection A 4.7F inductor is recommended for G5121 applications. Small size and high efficiency are the major concerns for most G5121 applications. Inductor with low core losses and small DCR (cooper wire resistance) at 1MHz are good choice for G5121 applications. TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.1 Nov 17, 2005 8 G5121 Global Mixed-mode Technology Inc. Package Information C D L E H 1 e1 e A A2 A1 b Note: 1. Package body sizes exclude mold flash protrusions or gate burrs 2. Tolerance 0.1000 mm (4mil) unless otherwise specified 3. Coplanarity: 0.1000mm 4. Dimension L is measured in gage plane MIN. DIMENSION IN MM NOM. MAX. MIN. DIMENSION IN INCH NOM. MAX. 1.00 0.00 0.70 0.35 0.10 2.70 1.40 1.10 ----0.80 0.40 0.15 2.90 1.60 1.30 0.10 0.90 0.50 0.25 3.10 1.80 0.039 0.000 0.028 0.014 0.004 0.106 0.055 0.043 ----0.031 0.016 0.006 0.114 0.063 0.051 0.004 0.035 0.020 0.010 0.122 0.071 e ----- 1.90(TYP) ----- ----- 0.075(TYP) ----- H L 1 2.60 0.37 2.80 ------ 3.00 ----- 0.102 0.015 0.110 ----- 0.118 ----- 1 5 9 1 5 9 SYMBOL A A1 A2 b C D E Taping Specification PACKAGE Q'TY/REEL SOT-23-6 3,000 ea Feed Direction SOT- 23-6 Package Orientation GMT Inc. does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and GMT Inc. reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. TEL: 886-3-5788833 http://www.gmt.com.tw Ver: 1.1 Nov 17, 2005 9