LMC6492,LMC6494
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad CMOS Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Operational
Amplifier
Literature Number: SNOS724C
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
CMOS Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Operational
Amplifier
General Description
The LMC6492/LMC6494 amplifiers were specifically devel-
oped for single supply applications that operate from −40˚C
to +125˚C. This feature is well-suited for automotive systems
because of the wide temperature range. A unique design
topology enables the LMC6492/LMC6494 common-mode
voltage range to accommodate input signals beyond the
rails. This eliminates non-linear output errors due to input
signals exceeding a traditionally limited common-mode volt-
age range. The LMC6492/LMC6494 signal range has a high
CMRR of 82 dB for excellent accuracy in non-inverting circuit
configurations.
The LMC6492/LMC6494 rail-to-rail input is complemented
by rail-to-rail output swing. This assures maximum dynamic
signal range which is particularly important in 5V systems.
Ultra-low input current of 150 fA and 120 dB open loop gain
provide high accuracy and direct interfacing with high imped-
ance sources.
Features
(Typical unless otherwise noted)
nRail-to-Rail input common-mode voltage range,
guaranteed over temperature
nRail-to-Rail output swing within 20 mV of supply rail,
100 kΩload
nOperates from 5V to 15V supply
nExcellent CMRR and PSRR 82 dB
nUltra low input current 150 fA
nHigh voltage gain (R
L
= 100 kΩ) 120 dB
nLow supply current (@V
S
= 5V) 500 µA/Amplifier
nLow offset voltage drift 1.0 µV/˚C
Applications
nAutomotive transducer amplifier
nPressure sensor
nOxygen sensor
nTemperature sensor
nSpeed sensor
Connection Diagrams
8-Pin DIP/SO
01204901
Top View
14-Pin DIP/SO
01204902
Top View
August 2000
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad CMOS Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Operational Amplifier
© 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation DS012049 www.national.com
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
ESD Tolerance (Note 2) 2000V
Differential Input Voltage ±Supply Voltage
Voltage at Input/Output Pin (V
+
) + 0.3V, (V
−
) − 0.3V
Supply Voltage (V
+
−V
−
) 16V
Current at Input Pin ±5mA
Current at Output Pin (Note 3) ±30 mA
Current at Power Supply Pin 40 mA
Lead Temp. (Soldering, 10 sec.) 260˚C
Storage Temperature Range −65˚C to +150˚C
Junction Temperature (Note 4) 150˚C
Operating Conditions (Note 1)
Supply Voltage 2.5V ≤V
+
≤15.5V
Junction Temperature Range
LMC6492AE, LMC6492BE −40˚C ≤T
J
≤+125˚C
LMC6494AE, LMC6494BE −40˚C ≤T
J
≤+125˚C
Thermal Resistance (θ
JA
)
N Package, 8-Pin Molded DIP 108˚C/W
M Package, 8-Pin Surface Mount 171˚C/W
N Package, 14-Pin Molded DIP 78˚C/W
M Package, 14-Pin Surface Mount 118˚C/W
DC Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for T
J
= 25˚C, V
+
= 5V, V
−
= 0V, V
CM
=V
O
=V
+
/2 and R
L
>1MΩ.Boldface
limits apply at the temperature extremes
LMC6492AE LMC6492BE
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ LMC6494AE LMC6494BE Units
(Note 5) Limit Limit
(Note 6) (Note 6)
V
OS
Input Offset Voltage 0.11 3.0 6.0 mV
3.8 6.8 max
TCV
OS
Input Offset Voltage 1.0 µV/˚C
Average Drift
I
B
Input Bias Current (Note 11) 0.15 200 200 pA max
I
OS
Input Offset Current (Note 11) 0.075 100 100 pA max
R
IN
Input Resistance >10 Tera Ω
C
IN
Common-Mode 3 pF
Input Capacitance
CMRR Common-Mode 0V ≤V
CM
≤15V 82 65 63 dB
min
Rejection Ratio V
+
= 15V 60 58
0V ≤V
CM
≤5V 82 65 63
60 58
+PSRR Positive Power Supply 5V ≤V
+
≤15V, 82 65 63 dB
Rejection Ratio V
O
= 2.5V 60 58 min
−PSRR Negative Power Supply 0V ≤V
−
≤−10V, 82 65 63 dB
Rejection Ratio V
O
= 2.5V 60 58 min
V
CM
Input Common-Mode V
+
= 5V and 15V V
−
−0.3 −0.25 −0.25 V
Voltage Range For CMRR ≥50 dB 00max
V
+
+ 0.3 V
+
+ 0.25 V
+
+ 0.25 V
V
+
V
+
min
A
V
Large Signal Voltage Gain R
L
=2kΩ: Sourcing 300 V/mV
(Note 7) Sinking 40 min
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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DC Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for T
J
= 25˚C, V
+
= 5V, V
−
= 0V, V
CM
=V
O
=V
+
/2 and R
L
>1MΩ.Boldface
limits apply at the temperature extremes
LMC6492AE LMC6492BE
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ LMC6494AE LMC6494BE Units
(Note 5) Limit Limit
(Note 6) (Note 6)
V
O
Output Swing V
+
= 5V 4.9 4.8 4.8 V
R
L
=2kΩto V
+
/2 4.7 4.7 min
0.1 0.18 0.18 V
0.24 0.24 max
V
+
= 5V 4.7 4.5 4.5 V
R
L
= 600Ωto V
+
/2 4.24 4.24 min
0.3 0.5 0.5 V
0.65 0.65 max
V
+
= 15V 14.7 14.4 14.4 V
R
L
=2kΩto V
+
/2 14.0 14.0 min
0.16 0.35 0.35 V
0.5 0.5 max
V
+
= 15V 14.1 13.4 13.4 V
R
L
= 600Ωto V
+
/2 13.0 13.0 min
0.5 1.0 1.0 V
1.5 1.5 max
I
SC
Output Short Circuit Current Sourcing, V
O
=0V 25 16 16
mA
min
10 10
V
+
= 5V Sinking, V
O
=5V 22 11 11
88
I
SC
Output Short Circuit Current Sourcing, V
O
=0V 30 28 28
20 20
V
+
= 15V Sinking, V
O
=5V
(Note 8)
30 30 30
22 22
I
S
Supply Current LMC6492 1.0 1.75 1.75 mA
V
+
= +5V, V
O
=V
+
/2 2.1 2.1 max
LMC6492 1.3 1.95 1.95 mA
V
+
= +15V, V
O
=V
+
/2 2.3 2.3 max
LMC6494 2.0 3.5 3.5 mA
V
+
= +5V, V
O
=V
+
/2 4.2 4.2 max
LMC6494 2.6 3.9 3.9 mA
V
+
= +15V, V
O
=V
+
/2 4.6 4.6 max
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
www.national.com3
AC Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for T
J
= 25˚C, V
+
= 5V, V
−
= 0V, V
CM
=V
O
=V
+
/2 and R
L
>1MΩ.Boldface
limits apply at the temperature extremes
LMC6492AE LMC6492BE
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ LMC6494AE LMC6494BE Units
(Note 5) Limit Limit
(Note 6) (Note 6)
SR Slew Rate (Note 9) 1.3 0.7 0.7 Vµs min
0.5 0.5
GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product V
+
= 15V 1.5 MHz
φ
m
Phase Margin 50 Deg
G
m
Gain Margin 15 dB
Amp-to-Amp Isolation (Note 10) 150 dB
e
n
Input-Referred F=1kHz 37
Voltage Noise V
CM
=1V
i
n
Input-Referred F=1kHz 0.06
Current Noise
T.H.D. Total Harmonic Distortion F = 1 kHz, A
V
= −2 0.01
%
R
L
=10kΩ,V
O
= −4.1 V
PP
F = 10 kHz, A
V
=−2
R
L
=10kΩ,V
O
= 8.5 V
PP
0.01
V
+
= 10V
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
intended to be functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and the test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
Note 2: Human body model, 1.5 kΩin series with 100 pF.
Note 3: Applies to both single-supply and split-supply operation. Continuous short operation at elevated ambient temperature can result in exceeding the maximum
allowed junction temperature at 150˚C. Output currents in excess of ±30 mA over long term may adversely affect reliability.
Note 4: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max),θJA and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD=(T
J(max)
−T
A)/θJA. All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC board.
Note 5: Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm.
Note 6: All limits are guaranteed by testing or statistical analysis.
Note 7: V+= 15V, VCM = 7.5V and RLconnected to 7.5V. For Sourcing tests, 7.5V ≤VO≤11.5V. For Sinking tests, 3.5V ≤VO≤7.5V.
Note 8: Do not short circuit output to V+, when V+is greater than 13V or reliability will be adversely affected.
Note 9: V+= 15V. Connected as voltage follower with 10V step input. Number specified is the slower of the positive and negative slew rates.
Note 10: Input referred, V+= 15V and RL= 100 kΩconnected to 7.5V. Each amp excited in turn with 1 kHz to produce VO=12V
PP.
Note 11: Guaranteed limits are dictated by tester limits and not device performance. Actual performance is reflected in the typical value.
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
www.national.com 4
Typical Performance Characteristics
V
S
= +15V, Single Supply, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise
specified
Supply Current vs
Supply Voltage
Input Current vs
Temperature
01204925 01204926
Sourcing Current vs
Output Voltage
Sourcing Current vs
Output Voltage
01204927 01204928
Sourcing Current vs
Output Voltage
Sinking Current vs
Output Voltage
01204929 01204930
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
= +15V, Single Supply, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise
specified (Continued)
Sinking Current vs
Output Voltage
Sinking Current vs
Output Voltage
01204931 01204932
Output Voltage Swing vs
Supply Voltage
Input Voltage Noise
vs Frequency
01204933
01204934
Input Voltage Noise
vs Input Voltage
Input Voltage Noise
vs Input Voltage
01204935 01204936
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
= +15V, Single Supply, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise
specified (Continued)
Input Voltage Noise
vs Input Voltage
Crosstalk Rejection
vs Frequency
01204937 01204938
Crosstalk Rejection
vs Frequency
Positive PSRR
vs Frequency
01204939 01204940
Negative PSRR
vs Frequency
CMRR vs
Frequency
01204941 01204942
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
= +15V, Single Supply, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise
specified (Continued)
CMRR vs
Input Voltage
CMRR vs
Input Voltage
01204943 01204944
CMRR vs
Input Voltage
∆V
OS
vs CMR
01204945 01204946
∆V
OS
vs CMR
Input Voltage vs
Output Voltage
01204947 01204948
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
= +15V, Single Supply, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise
specified (Continued)
Input Voltage vs
Output Voltage
Open Loop
Frequency Response
01204949 01204950
Open Loop
Frequency Response
Open Loop Frequency
Response vs Temperature
01204951 01204952
Maximum Output Swing
vs Frequency
Gain and Phase vs
Capacitive Load
01204953 01204954
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
= +15V, Single Supply, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise
specified (Continued)
Gain and Phase vs
Capacitive Load
Open Loop Output
Impedance vs Frequency
01204955 01204956
Open Loop Output
Impedance vs Frequency
Slew Rate vs
Supply Voltage
01204957 01204958
Non-Inverting Large
Signal Pulse Response
Non-Inverting Large
Signal Pulse Response
01204959 01204960
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
= +15V, Single Supply, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise
specified (Continued)
Non-Inverting Large
Signal Pulse Response
Non-Inverting Small
Signal Pulse Response
01204961 01204962
Non-Inverting Small
Signal Pulse Response
Non-Inverting Small
Signal Pulse Response
01204963
01204964
Inverting Large
Signal Pulse Response
Inverting Large Signal
Pulse Response
01204965 01204966
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
= +15V, Single Supply, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise
specified (Continued)
Inverting Large Signal
Pulse Response
Inverting Small Signal
Pulse Response
01204967 01204968
Inverting Small Signal
Pulse Response
Inverting Small Signal
Pulse Response
01204969 01204970
Stability vs
Capacitive Load
Stability vs
Capacitive Load
01204971 01204972
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Typical Performance Characteristics V
S
= +15V, Single Supply, T
A
= 25˚C unless otherwise
specified (Continued)
Stability vs
Capacitive Load
Stability vs
Capacitive Load
01204973 01204974
Stability vs
Capacitive Load
Stability vs
Capacitive Load
01204975 01204976
Application Hints
INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE RANGE
Unlike Bi-FET amplifier designs, the LMC6492/4 does not
exhibit phase inversion when an input voltage exceeds the
negative supply voltage. Figure 1 shows an input voltage
exceeding both supplies with no resulting phase inversion on
the output.
The absolute maximum input voltage is 300 mV beyond
either supply rail at room temperature. Voltages greatly ex-
ceeding this absolute maximum rating, as in Figure 2, can
cause excessive current to flow in or out of the input pins
possibly affecting reliability.
01204908
FIGURE 1. An Input Voltage Signal Exceeds the
LMC6492/4 Power Supply Voltages with
No Output Phase Inversion
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Application Hints (Continued)
Applications that exceed this rating must externally limit the
maximum input current to ±5 mA with an input resistor (R
I
)
as shown in Figure 3.
RAIL-TO-RAIL OUTPUT
The approximate output resistance of the LMC6492/4 is
110Ωsourcing and 80Ωsinking at V
s
= 5V. Using the calcu-
lated output resistance, maximum output voltage swing can
be esitmated as a function of load.
COMPENSATING FOR INPUT CAPACITANCE
It is quite common to use large values of feedback resis-
tance for amplifiers with ultra-low input current, like the
LMC6492/4.
Although the LMC6492/4 is highly stable over a wide range
of operating conditions, certain precautions must be met to
achieve the desired pulse response when a large feedback
resistor is used. Large feedback resistors with even small
values of input capacitance, due to transducers, photo-
diodes, and circuit board parasitics, reduce phase margins.
When high input impedances are demanded, guarding of the
LMC6492/4 is suggested. Guarding input lines will not only
reduce leakage, but lowers stray input capacitance as well.
(See Printed-Circuit-Board Layout for High Impedance
Work).
The effect of input capacitance can be compensated for by
adding a capacitor, C
f
, around the feedback resistors (as in
Figure 1 ) such that:
or
R
1
C
IN
≤R
2
C
f
Since it is often difficult to know the exact value of C
IN
,C
f
can
be experimentally adjusted so that the desired pulse re-
sponse is achieved. Refer to the LMC660 and LMC662 for a
more detailed discussion on compensating for input capaci-
tance.
CAPACITIVE LOAD TOLERANCE
All rail-to-rail output swing operational amplifiers have volt-
age gain in the output stage. A compensation capacitor is
normally included in this integrator stage. The frequency
location of the dominant pole is affected by the resistive load
on the amplifier. Capacitive load driving capability can be
optimized by using an appropriate resistive load in parallel
with the capacitive load (see Typical Curves).
Direct capacitive loading will reduce the phase margin of
many op-amps. A pole in the feedback loop is created by the
combination of the op-amp’s output impedance and the ca-
pacitive load. This pole induces phase lag at the unity-gain
crossover frequency of the amplifier resulting in either an
oscillatory or underdamped pulse response. With a few ex-
ternal components, op amps can easily indirectly drive ca-
pacitive loads, as shown in Figure 5.
PRINTED-CIRCUIT-BOARD LAYOUT
FOR HIGH-IMPEDANCE WORK
It is generally recognized that any circuit which must operate
with less than 1000 pA of leakage current requires special
layout of the PC board. When one wishes to take advantage
of the ultra-low bias current of the LMC6492/4, typically
150 fA, it is essential to have an excellent layout. Fortu-
nately, the techniques of obtaining low leakages are quite
01204909
FIGURE 2. A ±7.5V Input Signal Greatly
Exceeds the 5V Supply in Figure 3 Causing
No Phase Inversion Due to R
I
01204910
FIGURE 3. R
I
Input Current Protection for
Voltages Exceeding the Supply Voltages
01204911
FIGURE 4. Cancelling the Effect of Input Capacitance
01204912
FIGURE 5. LMC6492/4 Noninverting Amplifier,
Compensated to Handle Capacitive Loads
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
www.national.com 14
Application Hints (Continued)
simple. First, the user must not ignore the surface leakage of
the PC board, even though it may sometimes appear accept-
ably low, because under conditions of high humidity or dust
or contamination, the surface leakage will be appreciable.
To minimize the effect of any surface leakage, lay out a ring
of foil completely surrounding the LMC6492/4’s inputs and
the terminals of components connected to the op-amp’s
inputs, as in Figure 6. To have a significant effect, guard
rings should be placed on both the top and bottom of the PC
board. This PC foil must then be connected to a voltage
which is at the same voltage as the amplifier inputs, since no
leakage current can flow between two points at the same
potential. For example, a PC board trace-to-pad resistance
of 10
12
Ω, which is normally considered a very large resis-
tance, could leak 5 pA if the trace were a 5V bus adjacent to
the pad of the input.
This would cause a 33 times degradation from the
LMC6492/4’s actual performance. If a guard ring is used and
held within 5 mV of the inputs, then the same resistance of
10
11
Ωwill only cause 0.05 pA of leakage current. See Figure
7for typical connections of guard rings for standard op-amp
configurations.
The designer should be aware that when it is inappropriate
to lay out a PC board for the sake of just a few circuits, there
is another technique which is even better than a guard ring
on a PC board: Don’t insert the amplifier’s input pin into the
board at all, but bend it up in the air and use only air as an
insulator. Air is an excellent insulator. In this case you may
have to forego some of the advantages of PC board con-
struction, but the advantages are sometimes well worth the
effort of using point-to-point up-in-the-air wiring. See Figure
8.
01204913
FIGURE 6. Examples of Guard
Ring in PC Board Layout
01204914
Inverting Amplifier
01204915
Non-Inverting Amplifier
01204916
Follower
FIGURE 7. Typical Connections of Guard Rings
01204917
(Input pins are lifted out of PC board and soldered directly to components.
All other pins connected to PC board).
FIGURE 8. Air Wiring
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Application Circuits
DC Summing Amplifier (V
IN
≥0V
DC
and V
O
≥V
DC
01204918
Where: V0=V
1+V
2−V
3–V
4
(V1+V
2≥(V3+V
4) to keep V0>0VDC
High Input Z, DC Differential Amplifier
01204919
For
(CMRR depends on this resistor ratio match)
As shown: VO= 2(V2−V
1)
Photo Voltaic-Cell Amplifier
01204920
Instrumentation Amplifier
01204921
If R1 = R5, R3 = R6, and R4 = R7; then
∴AV≈100 for circuit shown (R2= 9.3k).
Rail-to-Rail Single Supply Low Pass Filter
01204922
This low-pass filter circuit can be used as an anti-aliasing
filter with the same supply as the A/D converter. Filter de-
signs can also take advantage of the LMC6492/4 ultra-low
input current. The ultra-low input current yields negligible
offset error even when large value resistors are used. This in
turn allows the use of smaller valued capacitors which take
less board space and cost less.
Low Voltage Peak Detector with Rail-to-Rail Peak
Capture Range
01204923
Dielectric absorption and leakage is minimized by using a
polystyrene or polypropylene hold capacitor. The droop rate
is primarily determined by the value of C
H
and diode leakage
current. Select low-leakage current diodes to minimize
drooping.
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
www.national.com 16
Application Circuits (Continued)
Pressure Sensor
01204924
Rf=Rx
Rf>> R1, R2, R3, and R4
In a manifold absolute pressure sensor application, a strain
gauge is mounted on the intake manifold in the engine unit.
Manifold pressure causes the sensing resistors, R1, R2, R3
and R4 to change. The resistors change in a way such that
R2 and R4 increase by the same amount R1 and R3 de-
crease. This causes a differential voltage between the input
of the amplifier. The gain of the amplifier is adjusted by R
f
.
Spice Macromodel
A spice macromodel is available for the LMC6492/4. This
model includes accurate simulation of:
•Input common-model voltage range
•Frequency and transient response
•GBW dependence on loading conditions
•Quiescent and dynamic supply current
•Output swing dependence on loading conditions
and many other characteristics as listed on the macromodel
disk.
Contact your local National Semiconductor sales office to
obtain an operational amplifier spice model library disk.
Ordering Information
Package Temperature Range Transport
Media
NSC
Drawing
Extended −40˚C to +125˚C
8-Pin Small Outline LMC6492AEM Rails M08A
LMC6492BEM
LMC6492AEMX Tape and Reel
LMC6492BEMX
8-Pin Molded DIP LMC6492AEN Rails N08A
LMC6492BEN
14-Pin Small Outline LMC6494AEM Rails M14A
LMC6494BEM
LMC6494AEMX Tape and Reel
LMC6494BEMX
14-Pin Molded DIP LMC6494AEN Rails N14A
LMC6494BEN
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
8-Pin Small Outline Package
Order Number LMC6492AEM or LMC6492BEM
NS Package Number M08A
14-Pin Small Outline Package
Order Number LMC6494AEM or LMC6494BEM
NS Package Number M14A
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
8-Lead (0.300" Wide) Molded Dual-In-Line Package
Order Number LMC6492AEN or LMC6492BEN
NS Package Number N08A
14-Lead Molded Dual-In-Line Package
Order Number LMC6494AEN or LMC6494BEN
NS Package Number N14A
LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad
www.national.com19
Notes
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves
the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com.
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LMC6492 Dual/LMC6494 Quad CMOS Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Operational Amplifier
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