Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
User’s Guide
© Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2014. All rights reserved.
Document Number: KTRD9Z1-638-12VUG
Rev. 1.0, 4/2014
RD9Z1-638-12V Reference Design
Intelligent 12 V Lead-acid Battery Management with LIN Interface
Figure 1. RD9Z1-638-12V Reference Design
Contents
1 Kit Contents/Packing List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Jump Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Important Notice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 Reference Design Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 Device Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7 Accessory Interface Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8 Required Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
9 Reference Design Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
10 Setting Up and Using the Hardware and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
11 Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
12 Board Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
13 Bill of Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
14 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
15 Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Kit Contents/Packing List
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1 Kit Contents/Packing List
Assembled and tested 100 µ shunt mounted to the board in an anti-static bag
Warranty card
2Jump Start
•Go to www.freescale.com/analogtools
Locate your kit
Review your Tool Summary Page
Look for
Download documents, software, and other information
Jump Start Your Design
Important Notice
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3 Important Notice
Freescale provides the enclosed product(s) under the following conditions:
This reference design is intended for use of ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT OR EVALUATION PURPOSES
ONLY. It is provided as a sample IC pre-soldered to a printed circuit board to make it easier to access inputs,
outputs, and supply terminals. This reference design may be used with any development system or other
source of I/O signals by simply connecting it to the host MCU or computer board via off-the-shelf cables. Final
device in an application will be heavily dependent on proper printed circuit board layout and heat sinking design
as well as attention to supply filtering, transient suppression, and I/O signal quality.
The goods provided may not be complete in terms of required design, marketing, and or manufacturing related
protective considerations, including product safety measures typically found in the end product incorporating
the goods. Due to the open construction of the product, it is the user's responsibility to take any and all
appropriate precautions with regard to electrostatic discharge. In order to minimize risks associated with the
customers applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to
minimize inherent or procedural hazards. For any safety concerns, contact Freescale sales and technical
support services.
Should this reference design not meet the specifications indicated in the kit, it may be returned within 30 days
from the date of delivery and will be replaced by a new kit.
Freescale reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Freescale makes
no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor
does Freescale assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and
specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages.
“Typical” parameters can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All
operating parameters, including “Typical”, must be validated for each customer application by customer’s
technical experts.
Freescale does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Freescale products are
not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the
body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure
of the Freescale product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur.
Should the Buyer purchase or use Freescale products for any such unintended or unauthorized application,
the Buyer shall indemnify and hold Freescale and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and
distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising
out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or
unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Freescale was negligent regarding the design or manufacture
of the part.Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other
product or service names are the property of their respective owners.
© Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2014
Introduction
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4Introduction
The RD9Z1-638-12V reference design is a Battery Management System (BMS) for 12 V lead-acid battery
applications and features the MM9Z1J638 Battery Sensor Module. The RD9Z1-638-12V is built to demonstrate
the product capabilities in a 12 V lead-acid application where high EMC performance is required to obtain high
accuracy measurements on key battery parameters.
5 Reference Design Features
The RD9Z1-638-12V reference design features are as follows:
Embedded MCU: 16-bit S12Z MCU
Embedded power management
Battery voltage sensing input (VSENSE2)
Internal temperature sensing
Embedded NTC for temperature sensing (PTB4)
Battery current sensing via mounted shunt (ISENSE)
LIN 2.2/2.1/2.0 interface
BDM interface (For MCU programming and debugging)
Device Features
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6 Device Features
6.1 MM9Z1_638 Device Features
The MM9Z1_638 is a fully integrated BMS. The device supports precise current measurement via an external
shunt resistor. It features four voltage measurements via an internal calibrated resistor divider or use of an
external divider. It includes an internal temperature sensor, allowing close proximity battery temperature
measurements, plus four external temperature sensor inputs. The MM9Z1_638 integrates a S12Z
microcontroller and a SMARTMOS analog control IC into a single package solution.
Wide range battery current measurement; On-chip temperature measurement
Four battery voltage measurements with internal resistor dividers, and up to five direct voltage
measurements for use with an external resistor divider
Measurement synchronization between voltage channels and current channels
Five external temperature sensor inputs with internal supply for external sensors
Low-power modes with low-current operation
Multiple wake-up sources: LIN, timer, high-voltage input, external CAN interface, and current threshold and
integration
Precision internal oscillator and connections for external crystal
LIN 2.2/2.1/2.0 protocol and physical interface
msCAN protocol controller, and supply capability for 8 and 14-pin CAN interfaces
MM9Z1_638: S12Z microcontroller with 128 kByte Flash, 8.0 kByte RAM, 4.0 kByte EEPROM
6.2 S12Z MCU
The MM9Z1J638 enables precision measurement of key battery parameters in automotive, industrial and other
applications. The device integrates a S12Z microcontroller and a SMARTMOS analog control IC into a single
package solution. The analog die combines system basis and application specific functions, including 3
dedicated 16-bit sigma delta analog to digital converters (ADC) for synchronous measurement of battery
voltage, current, and temperature.
The Embedded MCU includes these features:
S12Z CPU core (S12ZCPU)
•128 KB on-chip flash with ECC
•4.0 KB on-chip EEPROM with ECC
•8.0 KB on-chip SRAM with ECC
Phase locked loop (IPLL) frequency multiplier with internal filter
4.0 - 16 MHz amplitude controlled Pierce oscillator
•1.024 MHz internal RC oscillator
•50 MHz bus frequency
One CAN module (msCAN)
One serial peripheral interface (SPI) module
On-chip voltage regulator (VREG) for regulation of input supply and all internal voltages
Die to Die Initiator (D2DI)
Accessory Interface Board
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7 Accessory Interface Board
The RD9Z1-638-12V reference design may be used with the P&E's USB BDM Multilink (shown below), which
provides a USB-to-BDM interface. This accessory will be needed to flash the MCU using Freescale
CodeWarrior 10.4 or higher. See USB BDM Multilink.
Figure 2. P&E's USB BDM Multilink
8 Required Equipment
Minimum required equipment:
•12 V DC Power supply
USB-enabled PC with Windows XP or higher
P&E's USB BDM Multilink
Freescale CodeWarrior 10.4 or higher
The following additional equipment is needed to fully use this reference design.
•12 V Lead-Acid battery
Battery load or current source
Shunt-compatible power cable and plugs (screws + nuts)
LIN bus Master
Oscilloscope (preferably 4-channel)
Digital voltmeter and ammeter
Having all of these items will allow testing and debugging of the system.
Reference Design Configuration
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9 Reference Design Configuration
Figure 3. RD9Z1-638-12V Board with Battery Configuration
In Figure 3, current goes from battery positive through the load, into the ground (chassis), through the shunt
(where it creates voltage measured by the MM9Z1_638) and goes back to the battery minus. Figure 3 shows
key component and connector locations.
12V Lead-Acid
Battery
BATTERY + BATTERY -
Freescale CodeWarrior 10.4
BATT -
10 shunt
Load
current
P&E’s USB
BDM Multilink
CHASSIS
Load
current
2
3
5
4
6
1
Load
7
8
9
Reference Design Configuration
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The following table is a description of the numbers listed on Figure 3.
The board is protected against reverse battery voltage by diode D1. This diode can withstand up to 350 mA
continuous forward current.
9.1 Setup with DC Power Supply (CHASSIS)
This setup is optional and used when no battery is available. In this case, the board is powered by a 12 V DC
Power supply.
Figure 4. Setup with DC Power Supply (CHASSIS)
Note: In this setup, only the load current will be measured by the IC.
To include the board consumption current in this setup, connect the power supply negative terminal (-) to the
BATT- shunt terminal instead.
Table 1. Key Component and Connector Locations
Item Description Note
1100  shunt for current measurement, providing ground terminal (CHASSIS) and battery
minus pole terminal (BATT-)
2BDM Connector (BDM1), add 470 nF between RESET and GND signal for programming only
3Freescale MM9Z1J638 Battery Sensor (U1)
4Battery positive pole input pad (BATT+), reverse protected by D1 diode (1)
5LIN pad
6GND pad (2)
7Embedded NTC thermistor (R6). Provide close-to-battery temperature measurement
812 V Lead-Acid Battery
9External battery load (for current measurement). A current source can also be used
Notes
1. If no battery is available, connect a 12 V power supply to BATT+, see Figure 4 and Figure 5.
2. If the shunt CHASSIS terminal is not used, connect the power supply ground to GND pad.
100 μΩ shunt
Reference Design Configuration
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9.2 Setup with DC Power Supply (GND Pad)
This setup is optional and used when no battery is available. In this case, the board is powered by a 12 V DC
Power supply.
Figure 5. Setup with DC Power Supply (GND Pad)
Note: In this setup, only the load current will be measured by the IC.
To include the board consumption current in this setup, connect the power supply negative terminal (-) to the
BATT- shunt terminal instead.
Note: Connecting power ground to the GND pad will provide the same board functionality as connecting it to the
CHASSIS terminal.
Setting Up and Using the Hardware and Software
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10 Setting Up and Using the Hardware and Software
In order to perform the demonstration examples, first set up the board hardware and software as follows:
1. Download CodeWarrior 10.4 or higher and the example software using the instructions in the "Jump Start"
section.
2. Install CodeWarrior Suite on a USB-enabled PC running Windows XP or higher.
3. Connect a 470 nF capacitor between RESET and GND signal on the adapter side.
4. Connect the BDM cable from the P&E's adapter (or equivalent) to the BDM1 connector on the board with
ribbon cable coming from left side of the board.
5. Connect the battery minus pole (-) or the ground line from the supply to the BATT- terminal on the shunt.
Note: If the shunt CHASSIS terminal is not used, connect the power supply ground to GND pad.
6. Connect the battery positive pole (+) or the positive voltage output (set at +12 V) of the DC power supply to
the BATT+ terminal on the board.
7. Place the project example folder obtained in step 1 into the CodeWarrior Suite workspace folder. By
default the folder is located at C:\Users\YOUR_USER_NAME\workspace.
8. Launch the CodeWarrior Suite.
a. Go to File>Import in the CodeWarrior Suite. Choose Existing Project into Workspace, click Next.
b. Select "select root directory". Click Browse and locate the workspace folder. The Project starts loading.
c. Select the Example Software in the Projects section and select Copy Project Into Workspace. Click Finish.
d. An example project is ready to be used. It is located in the "CodeWarrior Projects" window, on the left.
e. Go to the Project tab and click Build All to compile the project.
f. Go to the Run tab and select Run. To debug the MCU, select Debug instead of Run.
Once the steps above are all accomplished, go to Jump Start Your Design at freescale.com to download the
RD9Z1-638-12V_APPSP.zip file.
Setting Up and Using the Hardware and Software
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10.1 Hardware Description
This reference design features one MM9Z1J638 (Battery Sensor) IC. Below is a board-level logic diagram.
Figure 6. RD9Z1-638-12V Block Diagram
10.2 Shunt
The soldered shunt is used for current measurement. The system ground should be connected to the CHASSIS
terminal and the battery minus pole to the BATT- terminal. This setup is a low-side current measurement.
Therefore, the system ground (GND) is the CHASSIS terminal and should be used as the reference. This setup
permits measurement of both load and board current. This insures accurate current measurement at any time.
BATT +
Pad
GND
Pad
Embedded
NTC
BDM1
Connector
LIN
Pad
LIN
BATT+
Shunt
ISENSEL
ISENSEH
+
BATT -
CHASSIS
100 μ
RESET
BKGD
GND
VDDX
QZ1
Battery Sensor
Voltage sense
External
temperature
sense
Current sense
LIN
Physical Layer
VSUP
12 V Battery
VSENSE2
PTB4
S12Z
MCU
MM9Z1J638
Internal
temperature
sense
Setting Up and Using the Hardware and Software
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10.3 Voltage and Current Measurement
The MM9Z1J638 has four voltage measurement channels called VSENSE. For sensing the battery voltage, the
VSENSE2 pin is used and protected against ESD by a 2.2 k serial resistor. Measurement results are
referenced to GND. A software calculation is needed to know the battery voltage.
The software has to include the voltage drop of the shunt (ie.ISENSE differential voltage) to get the correct
battery voltage. In this case, the current acquisition must be ON when voltage acquisition is ON.
When using the MM9Z1J638 in a low side current sensing setup, the actual voltage for the battery is:
VB = VSENSE2 + VSHUNT
Where VSHUNT = Load current ×100 µ = -VDROP
And where VDROP = ISENSEH - ISENSEL
If current is positive (or VDROP < 0), the data returned into ACQ_CURR (current acquisition register) will be
negative.
If current is negative (or VDROP > 0), the data returned into ACQ_CURR (current acquisition register) will be
positive.
Figure 7. RD9Z1-638-12V Low-side Current Sensing
SHUNT
B
VSENSE2
DROP
Setting Up and Using the Hardware and Software
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This reference design provides a very high EMC tolerant current sensing circuit thanks to symmetrical layout
traces along with a dual balanced capacitor (C2) improving differential and common attenuation.
Figure 8. Current Sensing Circuit
10.4 LIN Interface
This reference design provides a LIN 2.2/ 2.1/ 2.0 protocol and physical interface. This LIN interface has a high
robustness against EM disturbances, ESD and has a very low EM emission level. An ESD diode (D2) can be
added to further improve performances.
Setting Up and Using the Hardware and Software
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10.5 Embedded Temperature Sensing
This reference design provides temperature sensing embedded on the PCB. The thermistor is located above a
thermal convection point. Thanks to the low thermal resistance of the shunt and PCB pads, this design gives
the user an approximate reading of battery temperature without the need of any additional external components.
Figure 9. Embedded Temperature Sensing
10.6 BDM1 Connector
BDM1 should be connected to P&E's USB BDM Multilink adapter (or equivalent) in order to enable programming
and debugging the MM9Z1J638 with the Freescale CodeWarrior Suite. For programming the MM9Z1J638,
connect a 470 nF capacitor between RESET and GND signal on the adapter side. It is due to the RESET pin
being connected to the RESET_A pin with the analog watchdog enabled. The programming capacitor shall be
removed after programming.
Figure 10. BDM1 Connector
Note: The VDDX Maximum load current available for external supply, with VSUP > 5.5 V and for all external
loads is 100 mA.
BKGD GN
RESET
VDDX
NC
NC
Setting Up and Using the Hardware and Software
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10.7 BATT+, LIN and GND Pads
The BATT+ pad should be connected to the battery positive (+) terminal in order to power the board. An 18 or
16 gauge wire should be used and soldered directly on the pad footprint. This insures enough flexibility over the
application constraints. The LIN pad should be connected to a LIN bus, if any. The GND pad is an optional
connection path for ground, in case the shunt is not connected to the chassis. Preferably, the "CHASSIS" side
on the shunt should be used for grounding.
Figure 11. BATT+, LIN and GND Pads
Schematic
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11 Schematic
Board Layout
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12 Board Layout
12.1 Assembly Layer Top
Board Layout
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12.2 Top Layer Routing
Board Layout
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12.3 Layer 2 Routing
Board Layout
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12.4 Layer 3 Routing
Board Layout
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12.5 Bottom Layer Routing
Note: This image is an exception to the standard top-view mode of representation used in this document. It has
been flipped to show a bottom view.
Bill of Materials
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13 Bill of Materials
Table 2. Bill of Materials (1)
Qty Schematic Label Value Description Package Assy
Opt
Integrated Circuit
1 QZ1 N/A Freescale MM9Z1J638BM2EP 48-PIN QFN (3)
Diodes
1 D1 N/A ZHCS350
350 mA SOD-523 - 55 °C to + 125 °C AEC-Q101 ROHS
Lead-Free
SOD-523
1 D2 DNP MMBZ27VCLT1 recommended SOT-23 (2)
Capacitors
1 C1 1 uF GCM188R71C105KA64
16 V 10 % X7R 0603 - 55 °C to + 125 °C AEC-Q200
ROHS Lead-Free
SM0603
1 U1 1 nF 500X07W102MV4T
50 V 20 % X7R 0402 - 55 °C to + 125 °C ROHS Lead-Free
X2Ycap-0402-b
1 C3 470 nF CGA3E3X7R1E474K080AB
16 V 10 % X7R 0603 - 55 °C to + 125 °C AEC-Q200
ROHS Lead-Free
SM0603
1 C4 100 nF CGA2B3X7R1H104K050BB
50 V 10 % X7R 0402 - 55 °C to + 125 °C AEC-Q200
ROHS Lead-Free
SM0402
1 C5 220 pF GCM155R71H221KA37D
50 V 10 % X7R 0402 - 55 °C to + 125 °C AEC-Q200
ROHS Lead-Free
SM0402
1 C6 47 nF GCM155R71C473KA37D
16 V 10 % X7R 0402 - 55 °C to + 125 °C AEC-Q200
ROHS Lead-Free
SM0402
1 C7 DNP GCM155R71H222KA37D
50 V 10 % X7R 0402 - 55 °C to + 125 °C AEC-Q200
ROHS Lead-Free
SM0402
1 C10 4.7 uF GCM32ER71H475KA55L
50 V 10 % X7R 1210 - 55 °C to + 125 °C AEC-Q200
ROHS Lead-Free
SM1210
1 C11 2.2 nF GCM155R71H222KA37
50 V 10 % X7R 0402 - 55 °C to + 125 °C AEC-Q200
ROHS Lead-Free
SM0402
Bill of Materials
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Resistors
1 R1 4.7 k CRCW04024K70FKED
50 V 1 % 0402 - 55 °C to + 155 °C AEC-Q200 ROHS
Lead-Free
SM0402
1 R2 2.2 k CRCW04022K20FKED
150 V 1 % 0805 - 55 °C to + 155 °C AEC-Q200 ROHS
Lead-Free
SM0402
2R3
R4
220 CRCW0402220RFKED
50 V 1 % 0402 - 55 °C to + 155 °C AEC-Q200 ROHS
Lead-Free
SM0402
1 R5 100 k CRCW0402100KFKED
50 V 1% 0402 - 55 °C to + 155 °C AEC-Q200 ROHS
Lead-Free
SM0402
Thermistor
1 R6 10 k NCP18XH103F03RB
10 kOhms 1% 0603 - 40 °C to + 125 °C AEC-Q200 ROHS
Lead-Free
SM0603
Connectors
1 BDM1 CONN_3X2 15-91-3060
2.54 mm smd 3x2 ROHS Lead-Free
2.54 mm smd 3x2
Shunt
1 N/A 0.1 mOhm BAS-M-R00001-5.0E N/A (3)
Cables and Jacks
1 N/A N/A WH18-02-25
Red 18AWG 15 cm wire
N/A
1 N/A N/A WHS18-00-25
Black 18AWG 15 cm wire
N/A
1 N/A N/A BU-P5167-2
Red Banana Jack
N/A
1 N/A N/A BU-P5167-0
Black Banana Jack
N/A
Notes
1. Freescale does not assume liability, endorse, or warrant components from external manufacturers that are referenced in circuit
drawings or tables. While Freescale offers component recommendations in this configuration, it is the customer’s responsibility to
validate their application.
2. Do not populate.
3. Critical components. For critical components, it is vital to use the manufacturer listed.
Table 2. Bill of Materials (1) (continued)
References
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14 References
Following are URLs where you can obtain information on related Freescale products and application solutions:
14.1 Support
Visit www.freescale.com/support for a list of phone numbers within your region.
14.2 Warranty
Visit www.freescale.com/warranty for a list of phone numbers within your region.
Freescale.com Support
Pages Description URL
MM9Z1_638 Product Summary Page http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MM9Z1_638
P&E’s USB BDM Multilink Tool Summary Page http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=USBMULTIL
INKBDM
Analog Home Page Home Page http://www.freescale.com/analog
Automotive Home Page Home Page http://www.freescale.com/automotive
Revision History
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15 Revision History
Revision Date Description of Changes
1.0 4/2014 Initial Release
Document Number: KTRD9Z1-638-12VUG
Rev. 1.0
4/2014
Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use Freescale products.
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