19-0370; Rev 0; 2/95 Quadrature Digitizer Circuits ____________________________Features Operation at IFs from 70MHz to 700MHz* Precision Quadrature Demodulation (1, 0.2dB typ Mismatch, f = 650MHz) Matched Active Filters with Electronically Variable Cutoff from 10MHz to 30MHz 40dB of AGC Range High-Speed 6-Bit ADCs with 5.8 (typ) Effective Bits (fIN = 30MHz, fC = 120Msps) and 200MHz Input Bandwidth ______________Ordering Information ________________________Applications Recovery of PSK and QAM Modulated RF Carriers Direct-Broadcast Satellite (DBS) Systems Television Receive-Only (TVRO) Systems Cable Television (CATV) Systems PART SIMULATOR X21nnPFD X21nnPFT X21nnPTT X21nnPHT X21nnPLT X21nnPET X21nnTFT X21nnTTT X21nnTHT X21nnTLT X21nnTET PSPICE PSPICE PSPICE PSPICE PSPICE PSPICE TEKSPICE TEKSPICE TEKSPICE TEKSPICE TEKSPICE MEDIUM 3.5" Floppy 3.5" Floppy FORMAT DOS TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR TAR Tape 9-track 6250 bpi 9-track 1600 bpi Electronic mail 3.5" Floppy Tape 9-track 6250 bpi 9-track 1600 bpi Electronic mail The MAX2100 cells are available in the above formats to customers who have purchased a GST-1 ASIC Start-Up Package and signed Maxim's Non-Disclosure Agreement. _______________________________________________________________Block Diagram 6 I OUT X2114 400MHz to 700MHz 0 IF IN -90 X2112 MAX2101* X2118 LO X2116 6 X2111 X2114 Q OUT X2113 fc = 10MHz to 30MHz *AVAILABLE AS A STANDARD PRODUCT. SEE MAX2101 DATA SHEET FOR SPECIFICATIONS AND ORDERING INFORMATION. A/D CLOCK 60MHz *VCO and Quadrature Generator limited to 400MHz to 700MHz ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products Call toll free 1-800-998-8800 for free samples or literature. 1 MAX2100 Subcircuits _______________General Description The MAX2100 family of quadrature digitizers offers complete solutions to digital demodulation problems. The flagship of the MAX2100 family is the MAX2101 6bit Quadrature Digitizer. The subcircuits derived from the MAX2101 provide excellent starting points for the RF IC designer to develop components that bridge the gap between existing RF downconverters and CMOS digital signal processors. Each MAX2100 subcircuit comes with a detailed schematic, TEKSPICE or PSPICE netlist, models, and GDSII layout for incorporation in your own custom ASIC design. These subcircuits can be used separately or in combination to produce complete demodulation and digitization components for intermediate frequencies (IF) ranging from 70MHz to 700MHz, and for base bandwidths to 80MHz*. All are powered by a +5V supply, and are implemented in Maxim's proprietary GST-1 wafer fabrication process with NPN fT = 13GHz. Maxim does not guarantee specifications or fitness for use of these subcircuits in your custom ASIC. The subcircuits are intended to demonstrate Maxim's process and design capability, and to provide circuit designers with a "head start" in developing their own ASIC. Operation of these subcircuits in a customer-designed ASIC is the responsibility of the customer. MAX2100 Subcircuits Dual Balanced Demodulator _____________________Block Diagram ____________________________Features Wide Output Bandwidth (>80MHz) Matched Demodulation to 700MHz I LO IN 10dB Conversion Gain I RF IN I BB OUT _________________________Description X2111 Q RF IN Q BB OUT Q LO IN The X2111 Dual Balanced Demodulator cell comprises two Gilbert-cell, double-balanced mixers. In combination with the X2118 precision quadrature generator, the X2111 provides precise quadrature demodulation of QPSK and QAM modulated carriers to 700MHz. Cell Dimensions: 2 x [300m x 230m] X2111 DUAL BALANCED DEMODULATOR KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS VCC = 5.0V 5V LO Input Frequency fLO Output Baseband Gain Flatness 700 MHz 5Hz to 20MHz 400 0.4 dB dB I/Q Amplitude Imbalance M(I/Q) fLO = 650MHz 0.4 I/Q Phase Imbalance (I/Q) fLO = 650MHz 1.5 NF fLO = 650MHz 15 dB A fLO = 650MHz 10 dB IIP3 fLO = 650MHz +10 dBm Noise Figure Conversion Gain Input Third-Order Intercept Supply Current ICC Output Bandwidth 18 f-3dB 80 PORT LIST PORT NAME DESCRIPTION PORT NAME DESCRIPTION VCC (I/Q) +5V supply to I/Q mixer SUB Substrate connection (GND) BIAS (I/Q) 500A PTAT reference current input (from X2112 or equivalent) OSC (I/Q) + LO input VEE (I/Q) GND for I/Q mixer OSCB (I/Q) - LO input IP (I/Q) + RF input OPA (I/Q) + Baseband output IPB (I/Q) - RF input OPAB (I/Q) - Baseband output 2 mA MHz _______________________________________________________________________________________ IF Amplifier with Variable Gain ____________________________Features 24dB Gain 800MHz Bandwidth Over 40dB of Gain Range X2112 _________________________Description IF IN OUT The X2112 IF Amplifier with Variable Gain cell comprises a differential input amplifier with 10dB insertion gain, an AGC amp with 40dB of control range, and a second IF amp with 12dB gain. The differential input can be driven single-ended by proper AC grounding or by terminating the inverting input. There is sufficient linearity to provide IIP3 of +10dBm at minimum AGC setting. Cell Dimensions: 780m x 725m AGC IN X2112 IF AMPLIFIER WITH VARIABLE GAIN KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS VCC = 5.0V 5%, RL = 1k, CL = 2pF Bandwidth (-3dB) BW-3dB Max gain, Pin = -48dBm Maximum Gain AVmax f = 650MHz, VAGC = max Minimum Gain AVmin f = 650MHz, VAGC = min Gain-Control Range Noise Figure AV NF Noise-Figure Variation NF Input Third-Order Intercept IIP3 dB dB 15 Max gain to min gain f = 650MHz, max gain -35 f = 650MHz, min gain +10 Z0 = 50/side Z0 = 50/side dB 40 f = 650MHz, VAGC = max Output VSWR MHz -18 f = 650MHz Input VSWR Supply Current 800 22 18 dB 1 dB/dB dBm 2:1 2:1 ICC 20 mA PORT LIST PORT NAME DESCRIPTION PORT NAME DESCRIPTION VCC +5V supply AGCIP AGC control voltage input VEE Ground 2R5 Bandgap-derived 2.5V output SUB Substrate connection (ground) OP + IF output IP + IF input OPB - IF output IPB - IF input BGR Bandgap reference (1.2V) output K250 250A constant reference current for X2118 VPTAT Voltage proportional to absolute T output P250 250A PTAT reference current for X2118 (I/Q)BIAS 250A PTAT reference current for X2114 MIX(I/Q) 500A PTAT reference current for X2111 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX2100 Subcircuits _____________________Block Diagram MAX2100 Subcircuits Dual 6-Bit ADCs (Megacell) _____________________Block Diagram ____________________________Features Dual, 6-Bit, 120Msps Flash Architecture Programmable Sample Rate Excellent Dynamic Performance (5.8 effective bits at fIN = 30MHz) Low Incidence of Metastable States ADC I INPUT 6 I OUTPUT All Reference Generation Circuitry Included _________________________Description SAMPLE RATE CLOCK OUT /N CLOCK IN REF GEN 3 ADC Q INPUT The X2113 "Megacell" contains two 6-bit flash ADCs and associated reference and clock generation circuitry. The comparator array in each ADC contains 63 identical differential comparator and latch cells. The proprietary differential architecture minimizes integral linearity error and the occurrence of metastable states. The thermometer code output of the comparator array is translated into gray code using a fully differential wired-AND/wired-OR scheme. This maximizes noise immunity. The gray code is then converted to binary with a modified XOR array. The reference generator applies a precision bandgap signal to the differential ladder in the comparator array. Additional circuitry is provided to adjust the half-scale ladder voltage to the common-mode voltage of the differential input signal. A programmable divider allows the user to change sample rate from a fixed external-clock oscillator. Cell Dimensions: 2800m x 1500m 6 REF OUT Q OUTPUT X2113 X2113 DUAL 6-BIT ADCs (MEGACELL) KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS VCC = 5.0V 5% Maximum Sample Rate, Each Channel 0.1dB Bandwidth Effective Number of Bits Input Third-Order Intermod Settling Time SRmax 120 BW0.1dB ENOB IM3 tTRAN 20 MHz fIN = 30MHz, fS = 60Msps, 95% FS 5.8 Bits f1 = 10MHz, FS-7dB; f2 = 12MHz, FS-7dB -38 dBc Full-scale to <1% 10 Full-Scale Input Range VINFS Common-Mode Input Range VINcm 2.25 Input Resistance RIN 5 Input Capacitance CIN Amplitude Response Mismatch A Aperture Uncertainty Msps 0.75 V 2.75 V k 2 pF Channel-to-channel 0.3 dB fS = 60Msps 80 ps 20 ps Aperture Delay Match, Channel-to-Channel 4 ns _______________________________________________________________________________________ Dual 6-Bit ADCs (Megacell) (TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL MAX UNITS 0.5 LSB DNL 0.5 LSB Integral Nonlinearity INL 0.5 LSB Data Output High VOH RL = 1M, CL = 15pF Data Output Low VOL RL = 1M, CL = 15pF Supply Current ICC Input Offset VOS Differential Nonlinearity CONDITIONS MIN TYP LSB = 24mV, either channel 2.4 V 80 0.5 V 100 mA PORT LIST PORT NAME DESCRIPTION PORT NAME DESCRIPTION VCCAD +5V supply, quantizer AIN (I/Q) + Analog input VCCD +5V supply, digital AINB (I/Q) - Analog input VCCO +5V supply, outputs BGR Bandgap reference output VCCC +5V supply, clock D0 (I/Q) Digital output, LSB SUBA Substrate (ground), analog D1 (I/Q) Digital output SUBD Substrate (ground), digital D2 (I/Q) Digital output VGNDAD Ground connection, quantizer D3 (I/Q) Digital output VGNDDD Ground connection, encoder D4 (I/Q) Digital output VGNDDO Ground connection, output D5 (I/Q) Digital output, MSB VGNDC Ground connection, clock BINEN Binary enable/Two's complement MCLK Master clock input S2 Programmable sample-rate control, MSB RCLK Reference clock (div 6) output S1 Programmable sample-rate control DCLK Data clock output S0 Programmable sample-rate control, LSB DCLKB Data clock complement output P250 (I/Q) 250A PTAT reference current input (from cell X2114 or equivalent) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX2100 Subcircuits KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) MAX2100 Subcircuits Active Lowpass Filter _____________________Block Diagram ____________________________Features 5-Pole Butterworth Response Adjustable Cutoff Frequency No External Components Required X2114 _________________________Description INPUT The X2114 cell is an Active Lowpass Filter for anti-aliasing. The 5th-order Butterworth response is realized using a Gyrator topology. Cutoff frequency can be adjusted from 10MHz to 30MHz. Other pole-only filter characteristics, as well as different cutoff frequency ranges, can be designed by changing capacitor values. Filter cutoff-frequency control requires a linear PTAT voltage between 1V and 4V (at +27C). An on-chip reference generator provides the necessary voltage variation with temperature. Cell Dimensions: 620 x 780 + 260 x 520m OUTPUT VTUNE X2114 LOWPASS ACTIVE FILTER KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 24 MHz 10 MHz VCC = 5.0V 5% Cutoff Frequency fC VTUNE = 2.1V, 3dB, TA = +25C Minimum Cutoff fCMIN VTUNE = 1V, 3dB, TA = +25C Maximum Cutoff fCMAX VTUNE = 4V, 3dB, TA = +25C Passband Attenuation Stop-Band Attenuation Maximum Input Signal, p-p 16 30 APB f = 5MHz ASB f = 2 x fC (with respect to signal level at f = 0.5 x fC) VIN (max) Supply Current ICC Equivalent Input Noise en MHz 0 27 2 dB dB 30 mV f = 5MHz, RS = 50 2.5 mA 58 nV/Hz PORT LIST PORT NAME DESCRIPTION PORT NAME DESCRIPTION VCC +5V supply OP Output VEE Ground REF1 Output reference BIAS 250A PTAT reference current input (from X2112 or equivalent) REF Bandgap voltage in (from X2112 or equivalent) IP + Input ADC 250A PTAT reference current output for X2113 IPB - Input VTUNE Tuning voltage input (PTAT) SUB Substrate connection (GND) 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Differential Oscillator ____________________________Features Oscillates from <400MHz to >700MHz Low Phase Noise (-88dBc/Hz @ 10kHz Offset, Qr >20) Differential Resonator Port for Immunity to Interference and Crosstalk X2116 EXT TANK _________________________Description OUT The X2116 cell is a Differential Oscillator suitable for use as the LO in a receiver system. The differential inputs present a negative resistance for use with an external resonator. A differential topology is used to provide maximum interference rejection. Cell Dimensions: 520m x 260m X2116 DIFFERENTIAL OSCILLATOR KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 700 MHz VCC = 5.0V 5% Oscillation Frequency fC External resonator Phase Noise Floor N 20MHz off fC, 1Hz BW, Qr = 20 400 -140 dBc Phase Noise N 10MHz off fC, 1Hz BW, Qr = 20 -88 dBc Output Level, Differential, p-p Vo CL = 1pF/side, RL = 10k/side 600 Supply Current ICC mV 10 mA PORT LIST PORT NAME DESCRIPTION PORT NAME DESCRIPTION VCC +5V supply OP + Output TNKA Differential tank connection A OPB - Output TNKB Differential tank connection B SUB Substrate connection (GND) K125 125A constant reference current input (from X2118 or equivalent) P250 250A PTAT reference current input (from X2118 or equivalent) VEE Ground _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX2100 Subcircuits _____________________Block Diagram MAX2100 Subcircuits Precision Quadrature Generator _____________________Block Diagram ____________________________Features Precision Quadrature Generation (<1.5 at 650MHz) Wide Input Frequency Range (400MHz to 700MHz) X2118 I OUT 2 _________________________Description The X2118 Precision Quadrature Generator cell uses a delay-locked loop to provide tight amplitude and phase matching. The input from an external VCO drives a buffer and a delay line consisting of three electronically variable delay cells. The output of the delay line drives a second buffer identical to the first. The buffer outputs are compared by a phase detector whose error signal drives the variable delay cells to adjust the phase difference to 90. This method provides precise quadrature generation over the wide input frequency range of 400MHz to 700MHz. Cell Dimensions: 570m x 1800m 0 -90 Q OUT 2 LO IN X2118 PRECISION QUADRATURE GENERATOR KEY ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 0C to +70C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 700 MHz VCC = 5.0V 5% LO Frequency fLO Output Phase Mismatch Output Level 400 fLO = 650MHz 1.5 Vo (pk-pk) Output Amplitude Mismatch Vo LO Input Level VLO LO Input VSWR 400 fLO = 650MHz -10 ZC = 50 Supply Current mV 12 mV 0 dBm 2:1 ICC 20 mA PORT LIST PORT NAME DESCRIPTION PORT NAME DESCRIPTION VCC +5V supply Q + Quadrature output IP + Input QB - Quadrature output IPB - Input I + Inphase output VEE GND IB - Inphase output K250 250A constant reference current input (from X2112 or equivalent) P250 250A PTAT reference current input (from X2112 or equivalent) SUB Substrate connection (GND) Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 8 ___________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600 (c) 1995 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.