LM4140BCMX-1.0 - National Semiconductor

LM4140

LM4140 High Precision Low Noise Low Dropout Voltage Reference

Literature Number: SNVS053D

LM4140

High Precision Low Noise Low Dropout Voltage

Reference

General Description

The LM4140 series of precision references are designed to

combine high accuracy, low drift and noise with low power

dissipation in a small package.

The LM4140 is the industry’s first reference with output

voltage options lower than the bandgap voltage.

The key to the advance performance of the LM4140 is the

use of EEPROM registers and CMOS DACs for temperature

coefficient curvature correction and trimming of the output

voltage accuracy of the device during the final production

testing.

The major advantage of this method is the much higher

resolution available with DACs than is available economi-

cally with most methods utilized by other bandgap refer-

ences.

The low input and dropout voltage, low supply current and

output drive capability of the LM4140 makes this product an

ideal choice for battery powered and portable applications.

The LM4140 is available in three grades (A, B, C) with 0.1%

initial accuracy and 3, 6 and 10 ppm/˚C temperature coeffi-

cients. For even lower Tempco, contact National Semicon-

ductor.

The device performance is specified over the temperature

range (0˚C to +70˚C) and is available in compact 8-pin SO

package.

For other output voltage options from 0.5V to 4.5V, con-

tact National Semiconductor.

Features

nHigh initial accuracy: 0.1%

nUltra low noise

nLow Temperature Coefficient: 3 ppm/˚C (A grade)

nLow voltage operation: 1.8V

nSO-8 package

nLow dropout voltage: 20 mV (typ) @1mA

nSupply Current: 230 µA (typ), ≤1 µA disable mode

nEnable pin

nOutput voltage options: 1.024V, 1.250V, 2.048V, 2.500V,

and 4.096V

nCustom voltages from 0.5V to 4.5V

nTemperature range (0˚C to 70˚C)

Applications Summary

nPortable, battery powered equipment

nInstrumentation and test equipment

nAutomotive

nIndustrial process control

nData acquisition systems

nMedical equipment

nPrecision scales

nServo systems

nBattery charging

Typical Application

10107901

COUT, Output bypass capacitor. See text for selection detail.

Typical Temperature Coefficient

(Sample of 5 Parts)

10107923

Refer to the Ordering Information Table in this Data Sheet for Specific Part

Number

February 2005

LM4140 High Precision Low Noise Low Dropout Voltage Reference

Ordering Information Temperature Range

(0˚C to 70˚C)

Initial Output Voltage Accuracy

@25˚C

and Temperature Coefficient

LM4140 Supplied as 95 Units,

Tape and Reel

LM4140 Supplied as 2500

Units, Tape and Reel

0.1%, 3 ppm/˚C max (A grade)

LM4140ACM-1.0 LM4140ACMX-1.0

LM4140ACM-1.2 LM4140ACMX-1.2

LM4140ACM-2.0 LM4140ACMX-2.0

LM4140ACM-2.5 LM4140ACMX-2.5

LM4140ACM-4.1 LM4140ACMX-4.1

0.1%, 6 ppm/˚C max (B grade)

LM4140BCM-1.0 LM4140BCMX-1.0

LM4140BCM-1.2 LM4140BCMX-1.2

LM4140BCM-2.0 LM4140BCMX-2.0

LM4140BCM-2.5 LM4140BCMX-2.5

LM4140BCM-4.1 LM4140BCMX-4.1

0.1%, 10 ppm/˚C max (C grade)

LM4140CCM-1.0 LM4140CCMX-1.0

LM4140CCM-1.2 LM4140CCMX-1.2

LM4140CCM-2.0 LM4140CCMX-2.0

LM4140CCM-2.5 LM4140CCMX-2.5

LM4140CCM-4.1 LM4140CCMX-4.1

Connection Diagram

8-Lead Surface Mount (M)

10107902

Top View

See NS Package Number M08A

Pin Functions

ref

(Pin 6): Reference Output. Capable of sourcing up to 8mA.

Input (Pin 2): Positive Supply.

Ground (Pins 1, 4, 7, 8): Negative Supply or Ground Connection. These pins must be

connected to ground.

Enable (Pin 3): Pulled to input for normal operation. Forcing this pin to ground will

turn-off the output.

NC (Pin 5): This pin must be left open.

LM4140

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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Maximum Voltage on any Input pin −0.3V to 5.6V

Output Short-Circuit Duration Indefinite

Power Dissipation (T

= 25˚C) (Note

2) 345mW

ESD Susceptibility (Note 3)

Human Body Model

Machine Model

2kV

200V

Lead Temperature:

Soldering, (10 sec.) +260˚C

Operating Range (Note 1)

Storage Temperature Range −65˚C to +150˚C

Ambient Temperature Range 0˚C to 70˚C

Junction Temperature Range 0˚C to 80˚C

LM4140

Electrical Charateristics

Unless otherwise specified, V

= 3.0V for the LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, V

= 5.0V for all other voltage options, V

OUT

= 1µF (Note 4), I

LOAD

= 1mA, T

= 25˚C. Limits with standard typeface are for T

= 25˚C, and limits in bold-

face type apply over 0˚C to 70˚C temperature range.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min

(Note 6)

Typ

(Note 5)

Max

(Note 6) Units

REF

Output Voltage Initial

Accuracy (Note 7)

LM4140B-1.024

LM4140B-1.250

LM4140B-2.048

LM4140B-2.500

LM4140B-4.096

±0.1

LM4140C-1.024

LM4140C-1.250

LM4140C-2.048

LM4140C-2.500

LM4140C-4.096

±0.1

TCV

REF

/˚C Temperature Coefficient:

A Grade

B Grade

C Grade

0˚C ≤T

≤+ 70˚C 3

ppm/˚C

∆V

REF

/∆V

Line Regulation

ppm/V

1.024V and 1.250V options 1.8V ≤V

≤5.5V 50 300

350

All other voltage options V

ref

+ 200mV ≤V

≤

5.5V

20 200

250

∆V

REF

/∆I

LOAD

Load Regulation 1 mA ≤I

LOAD

≤8mA

ppm/mA

All other voltage options 1 20

150

4.096V Option 5 35

150

∆V

REF

Long-Term Stability 1000 Hrs 60 ppm

∆V

REF

Thermal Hysteresis (Note 8) 0˚C ≤T

≤+ 70˚C 20 ppm

LM4140

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LM4140

Electrical Charateristics (Continued)

Unless otherwise specified, V

= 3.0V for the LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, V

= 5.0V for all other voltage options, V

OUT

= 1µF (Note 4), I

LOAD

= 1mA, T

= 25˚C. Limits with standard typeface are for T

= 25˚C, and limits in bold-

face type apply over 0˚C to 70˚C temperature range.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min

(Note 6)

Typ

(Note 5)

Max

(Note 6) Units

Operating

Voltage

LM4140-1.024,

LM4140-1.250

=1mAto8mA 1.8 5.5 V

-V

REF

Dropout Voltage (Note 9)

LM4140-2.048,

LM4140-2.500

=1mA 20 40

= 8 mA 160 235

400

LM4140-4.096 I

=1mA 20 40

= 8 mA 195 270

490

Output Noise Voltage (Note

10)

0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 2.2 µV

S(ON)

Supply Current I

LOAD

=0mA

µA

All other voltage options 230 320

375

4.096V Option 265 350

400

S(OFF)

Supply Current V

Enable

<0.4V .01 1µA

Logic High Input Voltage 0.8V

Logic High Input Current 2 nA

Logic Low Input Voltage 0.4 V

Logic Low Input Current 1 nA

Short Circuit Current 8.5 20 35

Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is

intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see Electrical Characteristics. The

guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed

test conditions.

Note 2: Without PCB copper enhancements. The maximum power dissipation must be de-rated at elevated temperatures and is limited by TJMAX (maximum

junction temperature), θJ-A (junction to ambient thermal resistance) and TA(ambient temperature). The maximum power dissipation at any temperature is: PDissMAX

=(T

JMAX −T

A)/θJ-A up to the value listed in the Absolute Maximum Ratings. The θJ-A for the SO-8 package is 160˚C/W.

Note 3: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩresistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200 pF capacitor discharged

directly into each pin.

Note 4: For proper operation, a 1µF capacitor is required between the output pin and the GND pin of the device. (See Application Section for details)

Note 5: Typical numbers are at 25˚C and represent the most likely parametric norm.

Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25˚C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control

(SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National’s Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).

Note 7: High temperature and mechanical stress associated with PCB assembly can have significant impact on the initial accuracy of the LM4140 and may create

significant shifts in VREF. See Application Hints section regarding accuracy and PCB layout consideration.

Note 8: Thermal hysteresis is defined as the changes in +25˚C output voltage before and after the cycling of the device from 0˚C to 70˚C.

Note 9: Dropout voltage is defined as the minimum input to output differential voltage at which the output voltage drops by 0.5% below the value measured with

VIN = 3.0V for the LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, VIN = 5.0V for all other voltage options.

Note 10: The output noise is based on 1.024V option. Output noise is linearly proportional to VREF.

LM4140

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LM4140 Typical Performance Characteristics

Unless otherwise specified, T

= 25˚C, No Load, C

OUT

1µF, V

= 3.0V for LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, and

5V for all other voltage options. V

Power Up/Down Ground Current Enable Response

10107905 10107906

* The 1µF output capacitor is actively discharged to ground.

See ON/OFF Operation section for more details.

Line Transient Response Load Transient Response

10107907 10107908

LM4140

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LM4140 Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, T

= 25˚C, No Load,

COUT = 1µF, V

= 3.0V for LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, and 5V for all other voltage options. V

. (Continued)

Output Impedance Power Supply Rejection Ratio

10107909 10107910

Dropout Voltage vs Load Current Output Voltage Change vs Sink Current (I

SINK

)

10107911

Note: 1.024V and 1.250V options require 1.8V supply.

10107912

LM4140

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LM4140 Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, T

= 25˚C, No Load,

COUT = 1µF, V

= 3.0V for LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, and 5V for all other voltage options. V

. (Continued)

Total Current (I

S(OFF)

) vs Supply Voltage Total Current (I

S(ON)

) vs Supply Voltage

10107913 10107914

Spectral Noise Density (0.1Hz to 10Hz) Spectral Noise Density (10Hz to 100kHz)

10107931 10107932

Ground Current vs Load Current Long Term Drift

10107938 10107939

LM4140

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LM4140 Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, T

= 25˚C, No Load,

COUT = 1µF, V

= 3.0V for LM4140-1.024 and LM4140-1.250, and 5V for all other voltage options. V

. (Continued)

Load Regulation vs Temperature Output Voltage vs Load Current

10107940 10107941

Line Regulation vs Temperature I

vs Temperature

10107942 10107943

Short Circuit Current vs Temperature Dropout Voltage vs Load Current (V

OUT

) = 2.0V

10107944 10107945

LM4140

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Application Hints

INPUT CAPACITORS

Although not always required, an input capacitor is recom-

mended. A supply bypass capacitor on the input assures that

the reference is working from a source with low impedance,

which improves stability. A bypass capacitor can also im-

prove transient response by providing a reservoir of stored

energy that the reference can utilize in case where the load

current demand suddenly increases. The value used for C

may be used without limit. Refer to the typical application

section for examples of input capacitors.

OUTPUT CAPACITORS

The LM4140 requires a 1µF (nominally) output capacitor for

loop stability (compensation) as well as transient response.

During the sudden changes in load current demand, the

output capacitor must source or sink current during the time

it takes the control loop of the LM4140 to respond.

This capacitor must be selected to meet the requirements of

minimum capacitance and equivalent series resistance

(ESR) range.

In general, the capacitor value must be at least 0.2µF (over

the actual ambient operating temperature), and the ESR

must be within the range indicated in Figure 1,Figure 2 and

Figure 3.

TANTALUM CAPACITORS

Surface-mountable solid tantalum capacitors offer a good

combination of small physical size for the capacitance value,

and ESR in the range needed for by the LM4140. The results

of testing the LM4140 stability with surface mount solid

tantalum capacitors show good stability with values in the

range of 0.1µF. However, optimum performance is achieved

with a 1µF capacitor.

Tantalum capacitors that have been verified as suitable for

use with the LM4140 are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1. Surface-Mount Tantalum Capacitor Selection

Guide

1µF Surface-Mount Tantalums

Manufacturer Part Number

Kemet T491A105M010AS

NEC NRU105N10

Siemens B45196-E3105-K

Nichicon F931C105MA

Sprague 293D105X0016A2T

2.2µF Surface-Mount Tantalums

Kemet T491A225M010AS

NEC NRU225M06

Siemens B45196/2.2/10/10

Nichicon F930J225MA

Sprague 293D225X0010A2T

ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS

Although probably not a good choice for a production design,

because of relatively large physical size, an aluminium elec-

trolytic capacitor can be used in the design prototype for an

LM4140 reference. A 1µF capacitor meeting the ESR condi-

tions can be used. If the operating temperature drops below

0˚C, the reference may not remain stable, as the ESR of the

aluminium electrolytic capacitor will increase, and may ex-

ceed the limits indicated in the figures.

10107928

FIGURE 1. 0.22 µF ESR Range

10107929

FIGURE 2. 1 µF ESR Range

10107930

FIGURE 3. 10 µF ESR Range

LM4140

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Application Hints (Continued)

MULTILAYER CERAMIC CAPACITORS

Surface-mountable multilayer ceramic capacitors may be an

attractive choice because of their relatively small physical

size and excellent RF characteristics.

However, they sometimes have an ESR values lower than

the minimum required by the LM4140, and relatively large

capacitance change with temperature. The manufacturer’s

datasheet for the capacitor should be consulted before se-

lecting a value. Test results of LM4140 stability using multi-

layer ceramic capacitors show that a minimum of 0.2µF is

usually needed.

Multilayer ceramic capacitors that have been verified as

suitable for use with the LM4140 are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2. Surface-Mount Ceramic Capacitors Selection

Guide

2.2µF Surface-Mount Ceramic

Manufacturer Part Number

Tokin 1E225ZY5U-C203

Murata GRM42-6Y5V225Z16

4.7µF Surface-Mount Ceramic

Tokin 1E475ZY5U-C304

REVERSE CURRENT PATH

The P-channel Pass transistor used in the LM4140 has an

inherent diode connected between the V

and V

REF

pins

(see diagram below).

10107903

Forcing the output to voltages higher than the input, or

pulling V

below voltage stored on the output capacitor by

more than a V

, will forward bias this diode and current will

flow from the V

REF

terminal to V

. No damage to the

LM4140 will occur under these conditions as long as the

current flowing into the output pin does not exceed 50mA.

ON/OFF OPERATION

The LM4140 is designed to quickly reduce both V

REF

and I

to zero when turned-off. V

REF

is restored in less than 200µs

when turned-on. During the turn-off, the charge across the

output capacitor is discharged to ground through internal

circuitry.

The LM4140 is turned-off by pulling the enable input low, and

turned-on by driving the input high. If this feature is not to be

used, the enable pin should be tied to the V

to keep the

reference on at all times (the enable pin must not be left

floating).

To ensure proper operation, the signal source used to drive

the enable pin must be able to swing above and below the

specified high and low voltage thresholds which guarantee

an ON or OFF state (see Electrical Characteristics).

The ON/OFF signal may come from either a totem-pole

output, or an open-collector output with pull-up resistor to the

LM4140 input voltage. This high-level voltage may exceed

the LM4140 input voltage, but must remain within the Abso-

lute Maximum Rating for the enable pin.

OUTPUT ACCURACY

Like all references, either series or shunt, the after assembly

accuracy is made up of primarily three components: initial

accuracy itself, thermal hysteresis and effects of the PCB

assembly stress.

LM4140 provides an excellent output initial accuracy of 0.1%

and temperature coefficient of 6ppm/˚C (B Grade).

For best accuracy and precision, the LM4140 junction tem-

perature should not exceed 70˚C.

The thermal hysteresis curve on this datasheet are perfor-

mance characteristics of three typical parts selected at ran-

dom from a sample of 40 parts.

Parts are mounted in a socket to minimize the effect of

PCB’s mechnical expansion and contraction. Readings are

taken at 25˚C following multiple temperature cycles to 0˚C

and 70˚C. The labels on the X axis of the graph indicates the

device temperature cycle prior to measurement at 25˚C.

The mechanical stress due to the PCB’s mechanical and

thermal stress can cause an output voltage shift more than

the true thermal coefficient of the device. References in

surface mount packages are more susceptible to these

stresses because of the small amount of plastic molding

which support the leads.

Following the recommendations on PCB Layout Consider-

ation section can minimize the mechanical stress on the

device.

PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATION

The simplest ways to reduce the stress related shifts are:

1. Mounting the device near the edges or the corners of the

board where mechanical stress is at its minimum. The

center of the board generally has the highest mechani-

cal and thermal expansion stress.

2. Mechanical isolation of the device by creating an island

by cutting a U shape slot on the PCB for mounting the

device. This approach would also provide some thermal

isolation from the rest of the circuit.

Figure 5 is a recommended printed board layout with a slot

cut on three sides of the circuit layout to serve as a strain

relief.

10107933

FIGURE 4. Typical Thermal Hysteresis

LM4140

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Application Hints (Continued)

10107934

10107935

FIGURE 5. Suggested PCB Layout with Slot

LM4140

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Typical Application Circuits

Boosted Output Current

10107915

Boosted Ouput Current with Current Limiter

10107922

Complimentary Outputs

10107919

* Low Noise Op Amp such as OP-27

Voltage Reference with Force and Sense Output

10107920

Precision Programmable Current Source

10107921

Precision DAC Reference

10107936

LM4140

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Typical Application Circuits (Continued)

Strain Gauge Conditioner for 350ΩBridge

10107937

10107926

FIGURE 6.

LM4140

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Typical Application Circuits (Continued)

10107927

FIGURE 7.

LM4140

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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

SO-8 Package Type M

NS Package Number M08A

National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves

the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.

For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com.

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WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

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which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or

(b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when

properly used in accordance with instructions for use

provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result

in a significant injury to the user.

2. A critical component is any component of a life support

device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably

expected to cause the failure of the life support device or

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LM4140 High Precision Low Noise Low Dropout Voltage Reference

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