1
®
FN7371.0
EL7630
White LED Boost Regulator
The EL7630 represents a high efficiency, constant frequency
PWM regulator for use in white LED driving applications.
With efficiencies up to 86%, the EL7630 operates at 1.35MHz
switching frequency while operating from an input voltage of
between 2.7V and 5.5V. The maximum output voltage of 27V
enables the EL7630 to drive up to 6 LEDs in series. It is also
possible to use the EL7630 to drive LEDs in series/parallel
combination for applications requiring up to 15 LEDs.
Available in the 6-pin SC-70 and the 5-pin TSOT packages,
the EL7630 features the same pinout as competitive
products but offers higher efficiency, constant frequency
operation. It is specified for operation over the -40°C to
+85°C ambient temperature range.
Pinouts
EL7630
(6-PIN SC-70)
TOP VIEW
EL7630
(5-PIN TSOT)
TOP VIEW
Features
• Up to 6 LEDs in series
• 27V maximum output
• 2.7V to 5.5V input
• Up to 86% efficient
• 1.35MHz constant frequency
• Enable/PWM dimming control
• Pb-Free plus anneal available (RoHS compliant)
Applications
• LED backlighting
• Cell phones
•PDAs
• Handheld devices
1
2
3
6
4
LX
GND
FB
VIN
ENAB
5PGND
1
2
3
5
4
LX
GND
FB
VIN
ENAB
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(See Note)
PACKAGE
(Pb-free)
TAPE &
REEL PKG. DWG. #
EL7630ICZ 6-Pin SC-70 - P6.049
EL7630ICZ-T7 6-Pin SC-70 7”
(3K pcs)
P6.049
EL7630ICZ-T7A 6-Pin SC-70 7”
(250 pcs)
P6.049
EL7630IWTZ 5-Pin TSOT - MDP0049
EL7630IWTZ-T7 5-Pin TSOT 7”
(3K pcs)
MDP0049
EL7630IWTZ-T7A 5-Pin TSOT 7”
(250 pcs)
MDP0049
NOTE: Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free
material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100%
matte tin plate termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and
compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow
temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of
IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
Data Sheet June 28, 2005
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 |Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2005. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
2FN7371.0
June 28, 2005
Absolute Maximum Ratings (TA = 25°C)
Input Voltage (VIN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +6V
LX Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +27V
FB Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +6V
ENAB Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +6V
PGND to GND (SC-70 package) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +0.3V
Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +85°C
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +125°C
Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +300°C
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
IMPORTANT NOTE: All parameters having Min/Max specifications are guaranteed. Typ values are for information purposes only. Unless otherwise noted, all tests are at the
specified temperature and are pulsed tests, therefore: TJ = TC = TA
Electrical Specifications VIN = 3V, VENAB = 3V, over temperature from -40°C to 85°C unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION CONDITION MIN TYP MAX UNIT
VIN-MIN Minimum Operating Voltage VOUT = 16V, ILED = 20mA 2.7 V
VIN-MAX Maximum Operating Voltage VOUT = 25V, ILED = 20mA 5.5 V
VFB Feedback Voltage TA = 25°C 86 95 104 mV
80 95 115 mV
IFB FB Pin Bias Current 100 nA
IIN Supply Current ENAB = 3V, output not switching 0.6 1.0 mA
ENAB = 0V 1 µA
FOSC Switching Frequency TA = 25°C 0.8 1.35 1.8 MHz
0.8 1.35 1.9 MHz
DMAX Maximum Duty Cycle TA = 25°C 85 90 %
82 90 %
ILIM Switch Current Limit TA = 25°C 280 350 mA
250 350 mA
rDS(ON) Switch On Resistance ILX = 100mA 750 mΩ
ILEAK Switch Leakage Current VLX = 27V 0.01 1 µA
VENAB-HI ENAB Voltage High 2.5 V
VENAB-LO ENAB Voltage Low 0.6 V
IENAB ENAB Pin Bias Current 1µA
∆ILED/∆VIN Line Regulation VIN = 2.7V to 5V 0.2 %/V
EL7630
3FN7371.0
June 28, 2005
Typical Application
FIGURE 1. TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT AND EFFICIENCY vs LED CURRENT
C1
VDD LX
GND
L1
22µH
D1
C2
0.22µF
RSET
4.75Ω
2.7V~5.5V
OFF/ON
LEDs
EL7630
1µF
ENAB FB
VIN
EFFICIENCY (%)
65
70
75
80
85
90
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
LED CURRENT (mA)
Typical Performance Curves
FIGURE 2. QUIESCENT CURRENT (ENABLE) FIGURE 3. ENAB PIN BIAS CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE
(VIN =5V)
FIGURE 4. LOAD REGULATION (VIN=4V) FIGURE 5. LINE REGULATION
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0123456
VIN (V)
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-40-20 020406080
TEMPERATURE (°C)
IENAB (mA)
24.56
24.565
24.57
24.575
24.58
24.585
24.59
24.595
24.6
0 5 10 15 20
VOUT (V)
LED CURRENT (mA)
24.56
24.58
24.6
24.62
24.64
24.66
24.68
24.7
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
VIN (V)
LED CURRENT (mA)
EL7630
4FN7371.0
June 28, 2005
Block Diagram
Pin Functions
LX (Pin 1) - Switching Pin. Connect to inductor and diode.
GND (Pin 2) - Ground Pin. Connect to local ground.
FB (Pin 3) - Feedback Pin. Connect to the cathode of lowest
LED and the sense resistor.
ENAB (Pin 4) - Enable Pin. Connect to enable signal to
turn-on or off the device.
PGND (Pin 5, SC-70 Package) - Ground Pin. Connect to
Pin 2 and to local ground.
VIN (Pin5/Pin6 SC-70 Package) - Input Supply Pin.
Connect to the input supply voltage.
Detailed Description
EL7630 uses a constant frequency, current mode control
scheme to provide excellent line and load regulation. It
FIGURE 6. SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE FIGURE 7. PWM DIMMING CURVE (400Hz)
Typical Performance Curves
1.2
1.22
1.24
1.26
1.28
1.3
1.32
1.34
-40 10 60
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (MHz)
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 20 40 60 80 100
DUTY-CYCLE (D)
IOUT (mA)
22
FET
Driver
PWM Logic
Controller
Current
Sense
GM
Amplifier
1.2MHz Oscillator and Ramp
Generator
Bandgap
Reference
Generator
95mV
GM Amp
Compensation
PWM
Comparator
Vin Enable
LX
PGND
FB
(shared with PGND
in TSOT5 package) GND
EL7630
FET
Driver
PWM Logic
Controller
Current
Sense
GM
Amplifier
1.2MHz Oscillator and Ramp
Generator
Bandgap
Reference
Generator
95mV
GM Amp
Compensation
PWM
Comparator
Vin Enable
LX
PGND
FB
(shared with PGND
in TSOT5 package) GND
EL7630
FIGURE 8. EL7630 BLOCK DIAGRAM
EL7630
5FN7371.0
June 28, 2005
can drive up to 6 LEDs in series or 15 LEDs in
parallel/series configuration, with efficiencies of up 86%.
EL7630 operates from an input voltage of 2.7V to 5.5V and
can boost up to 27V.
Steady-State Operation
EL7630 operates with constant frequency PWM. The
switching frequency is around 1.2MHz. Depending on the
input voltage, inductance, number of LEDs and the LED
current, the converter operates in either continuous
conduction mode or discontinuous conduction mode. Both
are normal. The forward current of the LED is set using the
RSET resistor. In steady state mode, this current is given by
the equation:
Shut-Down
The ENAB pin, when taken low places EL7630 into power
down mode. When in power down, the supply current
reduced to less than 1µA.
Dimming Control
The ENAB pin also doubles as a brightness control. There
are two different types of dimming control methods. The first
dimming control is controlled through the duty-cycle of the
ENAB input PWM waveform, which can operate at
frequencies of 400Hz to 1kHz. The LEDs operate at either
zero or full current. This is called PWM dimming control
method. The relationship between the average LED current
and the duty-cycle (D) of the ENAB pin’s waveform is as
follows:
The magnitude of the PWM signal should be higher than the
minimum ENAB voltage high. The bench PWM dimming test
results are shown in Figure 9. In the test, two PWM
frequencies 400Hz and 1kHz are chosen to compare the
linear dimming range. It is clear that for lower PWM
frequency, the linear dimming range is wider than one for
higher PWM frequency. In the PWM dimming test, the output
capacitor is 0.22µF.
The second dimming control is to apply a variable DC
voltage to adjust the LED current. This is called analog
dimming control. The dimming control using a DC voltage is
shown in Figure 10. As the DC dimming signal voltage
increases, the voltages drop on R1 and R2 increases and
the voltage drop on RSET decreases. Thus, the LED current
decreases. The DC dimming signal voltage can be a variable
DC voltage or a DC voltage generated from a PWM control
signal. For some application areas, the PWM control signal
is a high frequency signal. To make dimming controllable
with these high frequency PWM signals, the high frequency
components of the PWM control signal should be filtered to
get the equivalent DC voltage. The equivalent DC voltage is
then used as the variable DC voltage for dimming LED
current.
where F is the brightness with respect to the undimmed
value.
ILED
VFB
RSET
---------------
=(EQ. 1)
average ILED
VFB
RSET
--------------- D⋅=(EQ. 2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10203040506070809010
DUTY-CYCLE (%)
IOUT (mA)
FIGURE 9. PWM DIMMING LINEAR RANGE (FOR 400Hz AND
1kHz PWM FREQUENCIES CONDITION,
COUT = 0.22µF)
1kHz
400Hz
ILED
VFB
RSET
--------------- R1R2
+
R2
---------------------VDim R1
⋅
RSET R2
⋅
---------------------------
–⋅=(EQ. 3)
VDim
R2
R1
-------VFB 1
R1
R2
-------F–+
⋅⋅=(EQ. 4)
EL7630
6FN7371.0
June 28, 2005
For a required LED current ILED and chosen values of R1
and R2, the dimming DC voltage VDim can be expressed as:
It is clear that as the required LED current ILED is closed to
the rate current VFB/RSET
, VDim is closed to VFB. As the
required LED current is lower than the rate current, the
dimming DC voltage VDim is increased in R2/R1 factor.
Open-Voltage Protection
In some applications, it is possible that the output is
opened, e.g. when the LEDs are disconnected from the
circuit or the LEDs fail. In this case the feedback voltage
will be zero. The EL7630 will then switch to a high duty
cycle resulting in a high output voltage, which may cause
the LX pin voltage to exceed its maximum 27V rating. To
implement overvoltage protection, a zener diode Dz and a
resistor R1 can be used at the output and FB pin to limit the
voltage on the LX pin as shown in Figure 11. It is clear that
as the zener is turned on, due to the overvoltage, the zener
diode’s current will set up a voltage on R1 and RSET and this
voltage is applied on FB pin as the feedback node. This
feedback will prevent the output from reaching the
overvoltage condition. In the overvoltage protection circuit
design, the zener voltage should be larger than the
maximum forward voltage of the LED string.
Components Selection
The input capacitance is normally 0.22µF~4.7µF and the
output capacitor is 0.22µF~1µF. X5R or X7R type of ceramic
capacitor with the correct voltage rating is recommended.
The output capacitor value will affect PWM dimming
performance. For lower output capacitor values, the range of
PWM dimming is wider than for higher values of output
capacitor.
When choosing an inductor, make sure the inductor can
handle the average and peak currents given by the following
formulas (80% efficiency assumed):
Where:
•∆IL is the peak-to-peak inductor current ripple in Ampere
• L inductance in H.
•f
OSC switching frequency, typically 1.2MHz
The boost inductor can be chosen in a wide range of
inductance (10µH~82µH). For 10µH inductor value, the
boost inductor current will be in discontinuous mode. As the
inductor value decreases further, the ripple of the boost
inductor current is increased and can even trigger
overcurrent protection. For high boost inductor value, the
boost inductor current will be in continuous mode. For
general boost converter, as the converter operates in
continuous mode, there is right half plane zero (RHPZ). If
RHPZ frequency is less than or close to the control loop
crossover frequency, there is a stability issue. In EL7630, the
compensation network is well designed and there is no
RHPZ stability issue even if the inductor value is over 82µH.
For the same series of inductors, a lower inductance has
lower DC resistance (DCR), which causes less conducting
loss, but higher peak to peak current variation, which
generates more RMS current loss. Figure 12 shows the
efficiency of the demo board with different LED load for a
specific series of inductor.
The diode used should be a schottky type with minimum
reverse voltage of 28V. The diode’s peak current is the same
as the inductor’s peak current. The schottky RMS current is:
EL7630
C1
VDD LX
ENAB FB
GND
L1
22µH
D1
C2
0.22µF
RSET
4.75Ω
OFF/ON
LEDs
1µF
LX
VIN
2.7V~5.5V
R1
R2
DIMMING SIGNAL
FIGURE 10. ANALOG DIMMING CONTROL APPLICATION
CIRCUIT
VDim VFB VFB ILED
–RSET
⋅()+
R2
R1
-------
⋅=(EQ. 5)
EL7630
C1
L1
22µH
D1
C2
0.22µF
RSET
4.75Ω
2.7V~5.5V
OFF/ON
LEDs
1µF
VDD LX
ENAB FB
GND
VIN
R1
Dz
FIGURE 11. LED DRIVER WITH OVERVOLTAGE
PROTECTION CIRCUIT
ILAVG
ILED VOUT
⋅
0.8 VIN
⋅
---------------------------------
=(EQ. 6)
ILPK ILAVG
1
2
---IL
∆⋅+= (EQ. 7)
IL
∆VIN VOUT VIN
–()⋅
LV
OUT fOSC
⋅⋅
---------------------------------------------------
=(EQ. 8)
IRMS D2I
LAVG
2
⋅1
6
---IL
2
∆⋅+
⋅=(EQ. 9)
EL7630
7
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
FN7371.0
June 28, 2005
The efficiency bench test results are shown in Figure 12. In
the test, the input voltage is 4V and 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 LEDs are
used as the load (boost inductor L = 22µH Sumida
CDRH5D28R-220NC).
White LED Connections
One leg of LEDs connected in series will ensure brightness
uniformity. The 27V maximum output voltage specification
enables up to 6 LEDs to be placed in series.
In order to output more power to drive more LEDs, LEDs
should be in series/parallel connection. Due to the LED's
negative temperature coefficient, in each parallel branch, the
driving source should be high impedance, to balance the
LED current in each branch. One of the ways to ensure the
brightness uniformity is to add mirror current balance circuit,
built up with three transistors for the 15 LEDs series/parallel
connection application shown in Figure 13.
PCB Layout Considerations
The PCB layout is very important for the converter to
function properly. For the SC-70 6 pin package, Power
Ground and Signal Ground should be separated to ensure
the high pulse current in the power ground does not interfere
with the sensitive signals connected to Signal Ground. Both
grounds should only be connected at one point right at the
chip. The heavy current loops (VIN-L1-LX-PGND, and VIN-
L1-D1-C2-PGND) should be as short as possible. For the
TSOT 5 pin package, there is no separated GND. All return
GNDs should be connected in GND pin but with no sharing
branch. Based on the signal level on each branch, the lower
power level of the branch, the closer the branch to GND pin
in order to minimize the branch interactive.
The FB pin is most important. The current sense resistor
RSET should be very close to this pin. If a long trace is
required to the LEDs, a small decoupling capacitor should be
placed at this pin.
The heat of the IC is mainly dissipated through the PGND
pin. Maximizing the copper area connected to this pin is
preferable. In addition, a solid ground plane is always helpful
for the EMI performance.
The demo board is a good example of layout based on the
principle. Please refer to the EL7630 Application Brief for the
layout.
FIGURE 12. EFFICIENCY CURVE WITH 2, 3, 4, 5 AND 6 LEDs
LOAD
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
0102030
LED CURRENT (mA)
22µH,VIN=4V
3LED
4LED 5LED
2LED
6LED
EFFICIENCY (%)
EL7630
C1
VDD LX
ENAB FB
GND
L1
D1
C2
RSET
VIN
2.7V~5.5V
OFF/ON LEDs
EL7630
VDD LX
ENAB FB
GND
L1
D1
FIGURE 13. LEDs IN SERIES/PARALLEL WITH MIRROR
CURRENT BALANCE
EL7630
