Pin Configurations appear at end of data sheet.
Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet.
General Description
The MAX4238/MAX4239 are low-noise, low-drift, ultra-
high precision amplifiers that offer near-zero DC offset
and drift through the use of patented autocorrelating
zeroing techniques. This method constantly measures
and compensates the input offset, eliminating drift over
time and temperature and the effect of 1/f noise. Both
devices feature rail-to-rail outputs, operate from a single
2.7V to 5.5V supply, and consume only 600µA. An active-
low shutdown mode decreases supply current to 0.1µA.
The MAX4238 is unity-gain stable with a gain-bandwidth
product of 1MHz, while the decompensated MAX4239
is stable with AV 10V/V and a GBWP of 6.5MHz. The
MAX4238/MAX4239 are available in 8-pin narrow SO,
6-pin TDFN and SOT23 packages.
Applications
Thermocouples
Strain Gauges
Electronic Scales
Medical Instrumentation
Instrumentation Ampliers
Benets and Features
DC Performance Ideal for High-Precision Sensor Interface
Ultra-Low, 0.1µV O󰀨set Voltage
• 2.0µV (max) at +25°C
• 2.5µV (max) at -40°C to +85°C
• 3.5µV (max) at -40°C to +125°C
Low 10nV/°C Drift
Low Noise: 1.5µVP-P from DC to 10Hz
150dB AVOL, 140dB PSRR, 140dB CMRR
High Gain-Bandwidth Product
• 1MHz (MAX4238)
• 6.5MHz (MAX4239)
Ground-Sensing Input
Rail-to-Rail Output (RL = 1kΩ)
Low Power Consumption Reduces System Power
Single 2.7V to 5.5V Supply Voltage Range
600µA Supply Current
0.1µA Shutdown Mode
Low Power Consumption Reduces System Power
AEC-Q100 Qualified, Refer to Ordering Information
for the List of /V Parts
19-2424; Rev 8; 2/18
MAX4238/
MAX4239
360
STRAIN GAUGE
18k
18k
AIN
5V
AV = 100
ADC
MAX4238/MAX4239 Ultra-Low O󰀨set/Drift, Low-Noise,
Precision SOT23 Ampliers
Typical Application Circuit
Power-Supply Voltage (VCC to GND) ..................................... 6V
All Other Pins ............................(VGND - 0.3V) to (VCC + 0.3V)
Output Short-Circuit Duration
(OUT shorted to VCC or GND) .............................Continuous
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
6-Pin Plastic SOT23
(derate 9.1mW/°C above +70°C) ................................727mW
8-Pin Plastic SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C) ...471mW
6-Pin TDFN-EP (derate 18.2mW above +70°C) .......1454mW
Operating Temperature Range ......................... -40°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature ...................................................... +150°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................ -65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow)
Lead(Pb)-Free Packages ............................................ +260°C
Packages Containing Lead..........................................+240°C
(2.7V VCC 5.5V, VCM = VGND = 0V, VOUT = VCC/2, RL = 10k connected to VCC/2, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, unless
otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Input Offset Voltage VOS (Note 1) 0.1 2 µV
Long-Term Offset Drift 50 nV/1000hr
Input Bias Current IB(Note 2) 1 pA
Input Offset Current IOS (Note 2) 2 pA
Peak-to-Peak Input Noise
Voltage enP-PRS = 100, 0.01Hz to 10Hz 1.5 µVP-P
Input Voltage-Noise Density enf = 1kHz 30 NV/√Hz
Common-Mode Input
Voltage Range VCM Inferred from CMRR test VGND
- 0.1
VCC
- 1.3 V
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR -0.1V ≤ VCM ≤ VCC - 1.3V (Note 1) 120 140 dB
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR 2.7V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V (Note 1) 120 140 dB
Large-Signal Voltage Gain AVOL
0.05V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC - 0.05V
(Note 1) RL = 10k125 150
dB
0.1V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC - 0.1V
(Note 1) RL = 1k125 145
Output Voltage Swing VOH/VOL
RL = 10kVCC - VOH 4 10
mV
VOL 4 10
RL = 1kVCC - VOH 35 50
VOL 35 50
Output Short-Circuit Current To either supply 40 mA
Output Leakage Current 0 ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC, SHDN = GND (Note 2) 0.01 1 µA
Slew Rate VCC = 5V, CL = 100pF,
VOUT = 2V step
MAX4238 0.35 V/µs
MAX4239 1.6
Gain-Bandwidth Product GBWP RL = 10k, CL = 100pF,
measured at f = 100kHz
MAX4238 1 MHz
MAX4239 6.5
Minimum Stable Closed-Loop
Gain RL = 10k, CL = 100pF,
phase margin = 60°
MAX4238 1 V/V
MAX4239 10
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MAX4238/MAX4239 Ultra-Low O󰀨set/Drift, Low-Noise,
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Electrical Characteristics
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(2.7V VCC 5.5V, VCM = VGND = 0V, VOUT = VCC/2, RL = 10k connected to VCC/2, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Maximum Closed-Loop Gain RL = 10k, CL = 100pF,
phase margin = 60°
MAX4238 1000 V/V
MAX4239 6700
Settling Time -1V step
0.1% (10 bit) 0.5
ms
0.025% (12 bit) 1.0
0.006% (14 bit) 1.7
0.0015% (16 bit) 2.3
Overload Recovery Time AV = 10
(Note 4)
0.1% (10 bit) 3.3
ms
0.025% (12 bit) 4.1
0.006% (14 bit) 4.9
0.0015% (16 bit) 5.7
Startup Time AV = 10
0.1% (10 bit) 1.8
ms
0.025% (12 bit) 2.6
0.006% (14 bit) 3.4
0.0015% (16 bit) 4.3
Supply Voltage Range VCC Inferred by PSRR test 2.7 5.5 V
Supply Current ICC
SHDN = VCC, no load, VCC = 5.5V 600 850 µA
SHDN = GND, VCC = 5.5V 0.1 1
Shutdown Logic-High VIH 2.2 V
Shutdown Logic-Low VIL 0.8 V
Shutdown Input Current 0V ≤ V SHDN ≤ VCC 0.1 1 µA
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MAX4238/MAX4239 Ultra-Low O󰀨set/Drift, Low-Noise,
Precision SOT23 Ampliers
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Note 1: Guaranteed by design. Thermocouple and leakage effects preclude measurement of this parameter during production
testing. Devices are screened during production testing to eliminate defective units.
Note 2: IN+ and IN- are gates to CMOS transistors with typical input bias current of 1pA. CMOS leakage is so small that it is
impractical to test and guarantee in production. Devices are screened during production testing to eliminate defective units.
Note 3: Leakage does not include leakage through feedback resistors.
Note 4: Overload recovery time is the time required for the device to recover from saturation when the output has been
driven to either rail.
Note 5: Specifications are 100% tested at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Limits over temperature are guaranteed by design.
(2.7V VCC 5.5V, VCM = GND = 0V, VOUT = VCC/2, RL = 10k connected to VCC/2, SHDN = VCC, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless
otherwise noted.) (Note 5)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Input Offset Voltage VOS (Note 1) TA = -40°C to +85°C 2.5 µV
TA = -40°C to +125°C 3.5
Input Offset Drift TCVOS (Note 1) 10 nV/°C
Common-Mode Input Voltage
Range VCM Inferred from CMRR test VGND
- 0.05
VCC
- 1.4 V
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR VGND - 0.05V ≤
VCM ≤ VCC
1.4V (Note 1)
TA = -40°C to +85°C 115
dB
TA = -40°C to +125°C 90
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR 2.7V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V (Note 1) 120 dB
Large-Signal Voltage Gain AVOL
RL = 10k,
0.1V ≤ VOUT
≤ VCC - 0.1V
(Note 1)
TA = -40°C to +85°C 125
dB
TA = -40°C to +125°C 95
RL = 1k
(Note 1)
0.1V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC - 0.1V,
TA = -40°C to +85°C 120
dB
0.2V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC - 0.2V,
TA = -40°C to +125°C 80
Output Voltage Swing VOH/VOL
RL = 10kVCC - VOH 20
mV
VOL 20
RL = 1kVCC - VOH 100
VOL 100
Output Leakage Current 0V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC, SHDN = GND
(Note 3) 2 µA
Supply Voltage Range VCC Inferred by PSRR test 2.7 5.5 V
Supply Current ICC
SHDN = VCC, no load, VCC = 5.5V 900 µA
SHDN = GND, VCC = 5.5V 2
Shutdown Logic-High VIH 2.2 V
Shutdown Logic-Low VIL 0.7 V
Shutdown Input Current 0V ≤ VSHDN ≤ VCC 2 µA
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MAX4238/MAX4239 Ultra-Low O󰀨set/Drift, Low-Noise,
Precision SOT23 Ampliers
Electrical Characteristics
(VCC = 5V, VCM = 0V, RL = 10k connected to VCC/2, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4238
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4238/39 toc09
FREQUENCY (Hz)
GAIN AND PHASE (dB/DEGREES)
1M100k10k1k
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
-180
100 10M
VCC = 5V
GAIN = 40dB
RL = 10k
CL = 68pF
MAX4238
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4238/39 toc08
FREQUENCY (Hz)
GAIN AND PHASE (dB/DEGREES)
1M100k10k1k
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
-180
100 10M
VCC = 5V
GAIN = 40dB
RL = 10k
CL = 0pF
MAX4238
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4238/39 toc07
FREQUENCY (Hz)
GAIN AND PHASE (dB/DEGREES)
1M100k10k1k
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
-180
100 10M
VCC = 5V
GAIN = 60dB
RL = 10k
CL = 100pF
MAX4238
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4238/39 toc06
FREQUENCY (Hz)
GAIN AND PHASE (dB/DEGREES)
1M100k10k1k
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
-180
100 10M
VCC = 5V
GAIN = 60dB
RL = 10k
CL = 0pF
OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT SINK CURRENT
MAX4238/39 toc05
SINK CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE (V)
15105
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.35
0.30
0
0 20
VCC = 2.7V
VCC = 5V
OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE
vs. OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT
MAX4238/39 toc04
SOURCE CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE (V)
15105
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0
0 20
VOH = VCC - VOUT
VCC = 2.7V
VCC = 5V
OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX4238/39 toc03
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV)
2.71.80.9
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
-0.4
0 3.6
TA = +125° C TA = +25° C
TA = -40° C
OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX4238/39 toc02
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV)
4.84.13.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
-0.4
2.7 5.5
TA = +125°C
TA = +25°C TA = -40°C
INPUT OFFSET DISTRIBUTION
MAX4238/39 toc01
OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV)
PERCENTAGE OF UNITS (%)
1.51.20.90.60.30-0.3-0.6-0.9-1.2-1.5
10
20
30
40
50
0
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MAX4238/MAX4239 Ultra-Low O󰀨set/Drift, Low-Noise,
Precision SOT23 Ampliers
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = 5V, VCM = 0V, RL = 10k connected to VCC/2, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
OVERVOLTAGE RECOVERY TIME
MAX4238/39 toc18
AV = 100V/V
RL = 10k
VCC = 2.5V
VEE = -2.5V
400µs/div
0
0
OUT
IN
1V/div
50mV/div
MAX4239
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4238/39 toc17
AV = 10V/V
RL = 2k
CL = 100pF
10µs/div
OUT
IN
500mV/div
50mV/div
MAX4238
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4238/39 toc16
AV = 1V/V
RL = 2k
CL = 100pF
10µs/div
OUT
50mV/div
IN
50mV/div
MAX4238
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4238/39 toc15
AV = 1V/V
RL = 2k
CL = 100pF
10µs/div
OUT
IN
1V/div
1V/div
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4238/39 toc14
FREQUENCY (kHz)
CMRR (dB)
100100.1 1
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
0.01 1000
-160
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4238/39 toc13
FREQUENCY (kHz)
PSRR (dB)
100100.1 1
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
-160
0.01 1000
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAx4238/39 toc12
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
4321
200
300
400
500
600
0
100
0 5
TA = +125°C
TA = +25°C
TA = -40°C
MAX4239
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4238/39 toc11
FREQUENCY (Hz)
GAIN AND PHASE (dB/DEGREES)
1E+61E+51E+41E+3
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
-180
1E+2 1E+7
VCC = 5V
GAIN = 40dB
RL = 10k
CL = 100pF
MAX4239
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4238/39 toc10
FREQUENCY (Hz)
GAIN AND PHASE (dB/DEGREES)
1E+61E+51E+41E+3
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
-180
1E+2 1E+7
VCC = 5V
GAIN = 40dB
RL = 10k
CL = 0pF
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MAX4238/MAX4239 Ultra-Low O󰀨set/Drift, Low-Noise,
Precision SOT23 Ampliers
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 5V, VCM = 0V, RL = 10k connected to VCC/2, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
Detailed Description
The MAX4238/MAX4239 are high-precision amplifiers
that have less than 2.5µV of input-referred offset and low
1/f noise. These characteristics are achieved through a
patented autozeroing technique that samples and cancels
the input offset and noise of the amplifier. The pseudorandom
clock frequency varies from 10kHz to 15kHz, reducing
intermodulation distortion present in chopper-stabilized
amplifiers.
O󰀨set Error Sources
To achieve very low offset, several sources of error common
to autozero-type amplifiers need to be considered. The
first contributor is the settling of the sampling capacitor.
This type of error is independent of input-source impedance,
or the size of the external gain-setting resistors. Maxim
uses a patented design technique to avoid large changes
in the voltage on the sampling capacitor to reduce settling
time errors.
The second error contributor, which is present in both
autozero and chopper-type amplifiers, is the charge injection
from the switches. The charge injection appears as current
spikes at the input, and combined with the impedance
seen at the amplifier’s input, contributes to input offset
voltage. Minimize this feedthrough by reducing the size of
the gain-setting resistors and the input-source impedance.
A capacitor in parallel with the feedback resistor reduces
the amount of clock feedthrough to the output by limiting
the closed-loop bandwidth of the device.
The design of the MAX4238/MAX4239 minimizes the
effects of settling and charge injection to allow specification
of an input offset voltage of 0.1µV (typ) and less than
2.5µV over temperature (-40°C to +85°C).
1/f Noise
1/f noise, inherent in all semiconductor devices, is inversely
proportional to frequency. 1/f noise increases 3dB/octave
and dominates amplifier noise at lower frequencies. This
noise appears as a constantly changing voltage in series
with any signal being measured. The MAX4238/MAX4239
treat 1/f noise as a slow varying offset error, inherently
canceling the 1/f noise.
PIN NAME FUNCTION
TDFN SOT23 SO
1 1 6 OUT Amplifier Output
2 2 4 GND Ground
3 3 3 IN+ Noninverting Input
4 4 2 IN- Inverting Input
5 5 1 SHDN
Shutdown Input. Active-low
shutdown, connect to VCC
for normal operation.
6 6 7 VCC Positive Power Supply
5, 8 N.C. No Connection. Not
internally connected.
EP Exposed Pad (TDFN only).
Connect EP to GND.
EMIRR vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4238/39 toc21
FREQUENCY (MHz)
EMIRR (dB)
1000
100
40
20
60
80
100
120
140
0
10
VCC = 5V, RFIN = 16dBm
DC TO 10Hz NOISE
MAX4238/39 toc19
VCC = 2.5V
VEE = -2.5V
1s/div
OUT
0.6µV/div
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MAX4238/MAX4239 Ultra-Low O󰀨set/Drift, Low-Noise,
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Pin Description
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
Output Overload Recovery
Autozeroing amplifiers typically require a substantial amount
of time to recover from an output overload. This is due to the
time it takes for the null amplifier to correct the main amplifier
to a valid output. The MAX4238/MAX4239 require only
3.3ms to recover from an output overload (see Electrical
Characteristics and Typical Operating Characteristics).
Shutdown
The MAX4238/MAX4239 feature a low-power (0.1µA)
shutdown mode. When SHDN is pulled low, the clock
stops and the device output enters a high-impedance
state. Connect SHDN to VCC for normal operation.
Applications Information
Minimum and Maximum Gain Congurations
The MAX4238 is a unity-gain stable amplifier with a
gain-bandwidth product (GBWP) of 1MHz. The MAX4239
is decompensated for a GBWP of 6.5MHz and is stable
with a gain of 10V/V. Unlike conventional operational
amplifiers, the MAX4238/MAX4239 have a maximum
gain specification. To maintain stability, set the gain of the
MAX4238 between AV = 1000V/V to 1V/V, and set the
gain of the MAX4239 between AV = 6700V/V and 10V/V.
ADC Bu󰀨er Amplier
The low offset, fast settling time, and 1/f noise cancellation
of the MAX4238/MAX4239 make these devices ideal for
ADC buffers. The MAX4238/MAX4239 are well suited
for low-speed, high-accuracy applications, such as strain
gauges (see Typical Application Circuit).
Error Budget Example
When using the MAX4238/MAX4239 as an ADC buffer,
the temperature drift should be taken into account when
determining the maximum input signal. With a typical offset
drift of 10nV/°C, the drift over a 10°C range is 100nV.
Setting this equal to 1/2LSB in a 16-bit system yields a
full-scale range of 13mV. With a single 2.7V supply, an
acceptable closed-loop gain is AV = 200. This provides
sufficient gain while maintaining headroom.
OUT
N.C.GND
1
2
8
7
N.C.
VCC
IN-
IN+
SHDN
SO
TOP VIEW
3
4
6
5
MAX4238/
MAX4239
MAX4238/
MAX4239
GND
IN-IN+
1 6 VCC
5SHDN
OUT
SOT23
2
3 4
MAX4238/
MAX4239
6
VCC
5
SHDN
4
IN-
OUT
GND
IN+
1
EP*
2 3
TDFN
(3mm x 3mm x 0.8mm)
+
*CONNECT EP TO GND.
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MAX4238/MAX4239 Ultra-Low O󰀨set/Drift, Low-Noise,
Precision SOT23 Ampliers
Pin Congurations
Note: All devices are specified over the -40°C to +125°C oper-
ating temperature range.
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
*EP = Exposed paddle.
/V denotes an automotive-qualified part.
PART MINIMUM STABLE
GAIN
GAIN
BANDWIDTH
(MHz)
MAX4238 1V/V 1
MAX4239 10V/V 6.5
PART PIN-PACKAGE TOP MARK
MAX4238AUT-T 6 SOT23 AAZZ
MAX4238AUT/V+T 6 SOT23
MAX4238ASA 8 SO
MAX4238ATT+T 6 TDFN-EP* +ANG
MAX4239AUT-T 6 SOT23 ABAA
MAX4239AUT/V+T 6 SOT23
MAX4239ASA 8 SO
MAX4239ATT+T 6 TDFN-EP* +ANH
Selector Guide
Ordering Information
PACKAGE
TYPE
PACKAGE
CODE
OUTLINE
NO.
LAND
PATTERN NO.
6 SOT23 U6F-6 21-0058 90-0175
8 SO S8-4 21-0041 90-0096
6 TDFN-EP T633+2 21-0137 90-0058
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MAX4238/MAX4239 Ultra-Low O󰀨set/Drift, Low-Noise,
Precision SOT23 Ampliers
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns
(footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note
that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status
only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but
the drawing pertains to the package regardles of RoHS status.
Chip Information
PROCESS: BiCMOS
REVISION
NUMBER
REVISION
DATE DESCRIPTION PAGES
CHANGED
2 5/06
3 8/11 Added MAX4238 and MAX4239 automotive-qualified parts 1
4 1/14 Updated the Typical Operating Characteristics 7
5 5/15 Added the Benefits and Features section 1
6 9/15 Deleted duplicate graph and updated scale 7
7 7/17 Correcting scale on TOC15–TOC18 x-axes 6
8 2/18 Added AEC qualification statement to Benefits and Features section 1
Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses
are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits)
shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. © 2018 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
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MAX4238/MAX4239 Ultra-Low O󰀨set/Drift, Low-Noise,
Precision SOT23 Ampliers
Revision History
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim Integrated’s website at www.maximintegrated.com.