19-0433; Rev 4; 11/05 Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy The MAX807 microprocessor (P) supervisory circuit reduces the complexity and number of components needed to monitor power-supply and battery-control functions in P systems. A 70A supply current makes the MAX807 ideal for use in portable equipment, while a 2ns chip-enable propagation delay and 250mA output current capability (20mA in battery-backup mode) make it suitable for larger, higher-performance equipment. The MAX807 comes in 16-pin DIP, SO, and TSSOP packages, and provides the following functions: * P reset. The active-low RESET output is asserted during power-up, power-down, and brownout conditions, and is guaranteed to be in the correct state for VCC down to 1V. * Active-high RESET output. * Manual-reset input. * Two-stage power-fail warning. A separate low-line comparator compares VCC to a threshold 52mV above the reset threshold. This low-line comparator is more accurate than those in previous P supervisors. * Backup-battery switchover for CMOS RAM, real-time clocks, Ps, or other low-power logic. * Write protection of CMOS RAM or EEPROM. * 2.275V threshold detector provides for power-fail warning and low-battery detection, or monitors a power supply other than +5V. * BATT OK status flag indicates that the backup-battery voltage is above +2.275V. * Watchdog-fault output--asserted if the watchdog input has not been toggled within a preset timeout period. Features Precision 4.675V (MAX807L), 4.425V (MAX807M), or 4.575V (MAX807N) Voltage Monitoring 200ms Power-OK/Reset Time Delay RESET and RESET Outputs Independent Watchdog Timer 1A Standby Current Power Switching 250mA in VCC Mode 20mA in Battery-Backup Mode On-Board Gating of Chip-Enable Signals; 2ns CE Gate Propagation Delay MaxCap(R) and SuperCap(R) Compatible Voltage Monitor for Power Fail Backup-Battery Monitor Guaranteed RESET Valid to VCC = 1V 1.5% Low-Line Threshold Accuracy 52mV above Reset Threshold Pin Configuration TOP VIEW PFI 1 Applications Computers PFO 2 15 BATT OK VCC 3 14 BATT WDI Controllers 4 MAX807 GND 5 Intelligent Instruments Critical P Power Monitoring 16 OUT 13 BATT ON 12 CE IN MR 6 11 CE OUT LOW LINE 7 10 WDO RESET 8 9 Portable/Battery-Powered Equipment RESET DIP/SO/TSSOP Ordering Information and Typical Operating Circuit appear at end of data sheet. SuperCap is a registered trademark of Baknor Industries. MaxCap is a registered trademark of Cesiwid, Inc. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX807L/M/N General Description MAX807L/M/N Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltages (with respect to GND) VCC ..........................................................................-0.3V to 6V VBATT .......................................................................-0.3V to 6V All Other Inputs......................................-0.3V to (VOUT + 0.3V) Input Current VCC Peak ...........................................................................1.0A VCC Continuous .............................................................500mA IBATT Peak......................................................................250mA IBATT Continuous .............................................................50mA GND .................................................................................50mA All Other Inputs ................................................................50mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) Plastic DIP (derate 10.53mW/C above +70C) ..........842mW Wide SO (derate 9.52mW/C above +70C)................762mW CERDIP (derate 10.00mW/C above +70C) ...............800mW TSSOP (derate 6.70 mW/C above +70C) .................533mW Operating Temperature Ranges MAX807_C_E ......................................................0C to +70C MAX807_E_E ...................................................-40C to +85C MAX807_MJE ................................................-55C to +125C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +160C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (V CC = 4.60V to 5.5V for the MAX807L, VCC = 4.50V to 5.5V for the MAX807N, VCC = 4.35V to 5.5V for the MAX807M, VBATT = 2.8V, VPFI = 0V, TA = TMIN to TMAX. Typical values are tested with VCC = 5V and TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN Operating Voltage Range VBATT, VCC (Note 1) 0 IOUT = 25mA VOUT in Normal Operating Mode VCC to OUT On-Resistance VOUT in Battery-Backup Mode BATT to OUT On-Resistance VCC = 4.5V MAX UNITS 5.5 V VCC - 0.02 IOUT = 250mA, VCC - 0.35 VCC - 0.22 MAX807C/E V IOUT = 250mA, VCC - 0.45 MAX807M VCC = 3V, VBATT = 2.8V, IOUT = 100mA MAX807C/E VCC = 4.5V, IOUT = 250mA MAX807M VCC = 3V, IOUT = 100mA VBATT = 4.5V, IOUT = 20mA, VCC = 0V VBATT = 2.8V, IOUT = 10mA, VCC = 0V VBATT = 2.0V, IOUT = 5mA, VCC = 0V VBATT = 4.5V, IOUT = 20mA VBATT = 2.8V, IOUT = 10mA VBATT = 2.0V, IOUT = 5mA VCC - 0.25 VCC - 0.12 1.0 1.2 VBATT - 0.17 VBATT - 0.25 VBATT - 0.12 VBATT - 0.20 VBATT - 0.08 8.5 12 16 Supply Current in Normal Operating Mode (excludes IOUT) Supply Current in BatteryBackup Mode (excludes IOUT) (Note 2) VCC = 0V, VBATT = 2.8V BATT Standby Current (Note 3) VBATT = 2.8V, VCC = 3.0V TA = +25C MAX807C/E MAX807M 1.4 1.8 2.5 25 40 70 110 A 0.4 1 5 50 A -0.1 0.1 TA = TMIN to TMAX -1.0 1.0 A Power up Power down VBATT = 2.8V Battery-Switchover Hysteresis BATT ON Output, Low Voltage BATT ON Output, High Voltage VRST (max), ISINK = 3.2mA VCC = 0V, ISOURCE = 0.1mA, VBATT = 2.8V V TA = +25C Battery-Switchover Threshold 2 TYP 2 VBATT + 0.05 VBATT 50 0.1 2.7 _______________________________________________________________________________________ V 0.4 mV V V Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy (V CC = 4.60V to 5.5V for the MAX807L, VCC = 4.50V to 5.5V for the MAX807N, VCC = 4.35V to 5.5V for the MAX807M, VBATT = 2.8V, VPFI = 0V, TA = TMIN to TMAX. Typical values are tested with VCC = 5V and TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN Sink current Source current, VCC = 0V, VBATT = 2.8V RESET, LOW LINE, AND WATCHDOG TIMER MAX807L Reset Threshold VRST VCC rising and falling MAX807N MAX807M Reset Threshold Hysteresis LOW LINE to RESET Threshold Voltage VLR VCC falling LOW LINE Threshold, VCC Rising VLL MAX807L MAX807N MAX807M VCC to RESET Delay tRP Watchdog-Timeout Period tWD Minimum Watchdog Input Pulse Width ISC RESET Output Voltage ISC LOW LINE Output Voltage LOW LINE Output Short-Circuit Current ISC WDO Output Voltage WDO Output Short-Circuit Current WDI Threshold Voltage (Note 4) WDI Input Current ISC VIH VIL VIH 4.675 4.575 4.425 13 4.750 4.650 4.500 52 70 mV 4.73 4.63 4.48 4.81 4.71 4.56 V s s 140 200 280 ms 1.12 1.6 2.24 s ns VCC = 1V, MAX807_C 0.3 VCC = 1.2V, MAX807_E/M 0.3 VCC - 1.5 0.1 VCC - 0.1 60 1.6 mA 0.4 VCC - 1.5 60 15 0.4 28 20 V mA 0.4 VCC - 1.5 35 20 V mA 0.8 -10 16 V mA VCC - 1.5 -50 V 0.4 0.75 x VCC Reset deasserted, WDI = 0V Reset deasserted, WDI = VCC V mV 100 ISINK = 3.2mA, VCC = 4.25V ISOURCE = 0.1mA Output sink current, VCC = 4.25V Output source current ISINK = 3.2mA ISOURCE = 5mA Output sink current Output source current, VCC = 4.25V ISINK = 3.2mA, VCC = 4.25V ISOURCE = 5mA Output sink current, VCC = 4.25V Output source current ISINK = 3.2mA ISOURCE = 5mA Output sink current Output source current UNITS mA 24 VCC rising ISINK = 50A, VBATT = 0V, VCC falling MAX 26 VIL = 0.8V, VIH = 0.75 x VCC RESET Output Voltage RESET Output Short-Circuit Current 30 VCC falling at 1mV/s RESET Active-Timeout Period RESET Output Short-Circuit Current 4.600 4.500 4.350 VCC falling at 1mV/s VCC to LOW LINE Delay TYP 70 5 BATT ON Output Short-Circuit Current 50 V A _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX807L/M/N ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) MAX807L/M/N Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (V CC = 4.60V to 5.5V for the MAX807L, V CC = 4.50V to 5.5V for the MAX807N, V CC = 4.35V to 5.5V for the MAX807M, VBATT = 2.8V, VPFI = 0V, TA = TMIN to TMAX. Typical values are tested with VCC = 5V and TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER PFI Input Threshold SYMBOL VPFT CONDITIONS VPFI falling VPFI rising MIN TYP MAX UNITS 2.20 2.22 2.265 2.285 20 0.005 2.33 2.35 V PFI Hysteresis PFI Leakage Current PFI to PFO Delay (Note 5) 40 mV nA VOD = 30mV, VPFI falling 14 s CE IN Leakage Current Disabled mode, MR = 0V 0.00002 1 A CE IN to CE OUT Resistance (Note 6) Enabled mode, VCC = VRST (max) 75 150 CE OUT Short-Circuit Current (RESET Active) VCC = 5V, disabled mode, CE OUT = 0, MR = 0V 17 CE IN to CE OUT Propagation Delay (Note 7) VCC = 5V, CLOAD = 50pF, 50 source impedance driver 2 CHIP-ENABLE GATING CE OUT Output Voltage High (RESET Active) Disabled mode, MR = 0V RESET to CE OUT Delay VCC falling VCC = 5V, IOUT = 2mA VCC = 0V, IOUT = 10A mA 8 ns 3.5 V VBATT - 0.1 VBATT 28 s MANUAL RESET INPUT MR Minimum Pulse Input 1 MR-to-RESET Propagation Delay MR Threshold 170 VIH VIL MR Pullup Current BATT OK COMPARATOR BATT OK Threshold BATT OK Hysteresis LOGIC OUTPUTS s 2.4 0.8 MR = 0V VBOK Output Voltage (PFO, BATT OK) VOL VOH Output Short-Circuit Current ISC ns ISINK = 3.2mA ISOURCE = 5mA Output sink current Output source current V 50 100 200 A 2.200 2.265 20 2.350 V mV 0.4 VCC - 1.5 35 20 V mA Note 1: Either VCC or VBATT can go to 0 if the other is greater than 2.0V. Note 2: The supply current drawn by the MAX807 from the battery (excluding IOUT) typically goes to 15A when (VBATT - 0.1V) < VCC < VBATT. In most applications, this is a brief period as VCC falls through this region (see Typical Operating Characteristics). Note 3: "+"= battery discharging current, "-"= battery charging current. Note 4: WDI is internally connected to a voltage-divider between VCC and GND. If unconnected, WDI is driven to 1.8V (typical), disabling the watchdog function. Note 5: Overdrive (VOD) is measured from center of hysteresis band. Note 6: The chip-enable resistance is tested with V CE IN = VCC/2, and I CE IN = 1mA. Note 7: The chip-enable propagation delay is measured from the 50% point at CE IN to the 50% point at CE OUT. 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy 76 74 72 70 68 66 64 MAX807-03 MAX807-02 6 5 2.5 PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) BATTERY SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 78 VCC SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 3.0 MAX807-01 80 CHIP-ENABLE PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE BATTERY SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE (BATTERY-BACKUP MODE) VCC SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE (NORMAL OPERATING MODE) 2.0 1.5 1.0 4 3 2 1 0.5 62 -60 -40 -20 0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C) BATT-TO-OUT ON-RESISTANCE vs. TEMPERATURE VCC-TO-OUT ON-RESISTANCE vs. TEMPERATURE PFI THRESHOLD vs. TEMPERATURE (VPFI FALLING) VBATT = 2.0V 20 15 VBATT = 2.8V 10 VBATT = 4.5V IOUT = 250mA 2.320 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 2.200 RESET THRESHOLD vs. TEMPERATURE MAX807N 4.55 4.50 4.45 RESET TIMEOUT PERIOD vs. TEMPERATURE (VCC RISING) LOW LINE -TO-RESET THRESHOLD vs. TEMPERATURE (VCC FALLING) MAX807-08 240 220 200 180 160 MAX807M 4.40 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (C) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (C) 260 RESET TIMEOUT PERIOD (ms) 4.60 -60 -40 -20 0 TEMPERATURE (C) 280 MAX807-07 MAX807L 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 140 80 LOW LINE-TO-RESET THRESHOLD (mV) TEMPERATURE (C) 4.65 2.260 2.220 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 4.70 2.280 2.240 0.7 -60 -40 -20 0 2.300 0.9 0.8 5 MAX807-06 2.340 MAX807-05 1.5 MAX807-09 25 1.6 PFI THRESHOLD (V) VCC = 0V IOUT = 10mA VCC-TO-OUT ON-RESISTANCE () MAX807-04 BATT-TO-OUT ON-RESISTANCE () -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 30 RESET THRESHOLD (V) 0 0 60 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (C) -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (C) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX807L/M/N __________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = 5V, VBATT = 2.8V, PFI = 0, no load, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) Typical Operating Characteristics (contiued) (VCC = 5V, VBATT = 2.8V, PFI = 0, no load, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) 4.70 N VERSION 4.65 4.60 4.55 M VERSION 4.50 4.45 VCC FALLING AT 1mV/s 30 25 20 15 10 5 35 -60 -40 -20 0 25 20 15 10 5 0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 VCC FALLING AT 1mV/s 30 0 4.40 MAX807-12 MAX807-11 35 40 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C) BATTERY CURRENT vs. INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE CHIP-ENABLE PROPAGATION DELAY vs. CE OUT LOAD CAPACITANCE BATT-TO-OUT vs. OUTPUT CURRENT 8 14 PROPAGATION DELAY (ns) 12 10 8 6 4 1000 VCC = 0V SLOPE = 12 6 BATT-TO-OUT (mV) MAX807-13 16 MAX807-15 TEMPERATURE (C) MAX807-14 LOW LINE THRESHOLD (V) LOW LINE COMPARATOR PROP DELAY (s) L VERSION 4.75 40 MAX807-10 4.80 RESET COMPARATOR PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE (VCC FALLING) LOW LINE COMPARATOR PROPAGATION DELAY vs. TEMPERATURE (VCC FALLING) RESET COMPARATOR PROP DELAY (s) LOW LINE THRESHOLD vs. TEMPERATURE (VCC RISING) BATTERY CURRENT (A) 4 100 2 2 50 DRIVER 0 0 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 10 0 50 VCC (V) 100 10 100 10 MAX807-17 1000 MAXIMUM TRANSIENT DURATION (s) SLOPE = 1.0 100 IOUT (mA) MAXIMUM TRANSIENT DURATION vs. RESET COMPARATOR OVERDRIVE MAX807-16 1000 RESET OCCURS 100 10 1 1 1 10 100 IOUT (mA) 6 1 CLOAD (pF) VCC-TO-OUT vs. OUTPUT CURRENT VCC - VOUT (mV) MAX807L/M/N Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy 1000 1 10 100 RESET COMPARATOR OVERDRIVE (mV) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1000 Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy PIN NAME FUNCTION 1 PFI Power-Fail Input. When PFI is less than VPFT (2.265V), PFO goes low. Connect to ground when unused. 2 PFO Power-Fail Output. This CMOS-logic output goes low when PFI is less than VPFT (2.265V). Valid for VCC 4V. PFO swings between VCC and GND. 3 VCC Input Supply Voltage, nominally +5V. Bypass with a 0.1F capacitor to GND. 4 WDI Watchdog Input. If WDI remains high or low longer than the watchdog-timeout period (1.6s, typ), WDO goes low. Leave unconnected to disable the watchdog function. 5 GND Ground 6 MR Manual-Reset Input. A logic low on MR asserts reset. Reset remains asserted as long as MR remains low and for 200ms after MR returns high. MR is an active-low input with an internal pullup to VCC. It can be driven using TTL or CMOS logic, or shorted to ground with a switch. Connect to VCC, or leave unconnected if not used. 7 LOW LINE Low-Line Comparator Output. This CMOS-logic output goes low when VCC falls to 52mV above the reset threshold. Use this output to generate an NMI to initiate an orderly shutdown routine when VCC is falling. LOW LINE swings between VCC and GND. 8 RESET Active-High Reset Output. RESET is the inverse of RESET. It is a CMOS output that sources and sinks current. RESET swings between VCC and GND. 9 RESET Active-Low Reset Output. RESET is triggered and stays low when VCC is below the reset threshold or when MR is low. It remains low 200ms after VCC rises above the reset threshold or MR returns high. RESET has a strong pulldown but a relatively weak pullup, and can be wire-OR connected to logic gates. Valid for VCC 1V. RESET swings between VCC and GND. 10 WDO Watchdog Output. This CMOS-logic output goes low if WDI remains high or low longer than the watchdog-timeout period (tWD), and remains low until the next transition of WDI. WDO remains high if WDI is unconnected. WDO is high during reset. WDO swings between VCC and GND. Connect WDO to MR to generate resets during watchdog faults. 11 CE OUT Chip-Enable Output. Output to the chip-enable gating circuit. CE OUT is pulled up to the higher of VCC or VBATT, when the chip-enable gate is disabled. 12 CE IN Chip-Enable Input BATT ON Battery-On Output. CMOS-logic output/external bypass switch driver. High when OUT is connected to BATT and low when OUT is connected to VCC. Connect the base of a PNP transistor or gate of a PMOS transistor to BATT ON for IOUT requirements exceeding 250mA. BATT ON swings between the higher of VCC and VBATT and GND. 14 BATT Backup-Battery Input. When VCC falls below the reset threshold and VBATT, OUT switches from VCC to BATT. VBATT may exceed VCC. The battery can be removed while the MAX807 is powered-up, provided BATT is bypassed with a 0.1F capacitor to GND. If no battery is used, connect BATT to ground, and connect VCC and OUT together. 15 BATT OK Battery-OK Signal Output. High in normal operating mode when VBATT exceeds VBOK (2.265V). Valid for VCC 4V. 16 OUT Output Supply Voltage to CMOS RAM. When VCC exceeds the reset threshold or VCC > VBATT, OUT is connected to VCC. When VCC falls below the reset threshold and VBATT, OUT connects to BATT. Bypass OUT with a 0.1F capacitor to GND. 13 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX807L/M/N Pin Description MAX807L/M/N Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy Detailed Description The MAX807 P supervisory circuit provides powersupply monitoring, backup-battery switchover, and program execution watchdog functions in P systems (Figure 1). Use of BiCMOS technology results in an improved 1.5% reset-threshold precision, while keeping supply currents typically below 70A. The MAX807 is intended for battery-powered applications that require high reset-threshold precision, allowing a wide powersupply operating range while preventing the system from operating below its specified voltage range. RESET and RESET Outputs The MAX807's RESET output ensures that the P powers up in a known state, and prevents code execution errors during power-down and brownout conditions. It accomplishes this by resetting the P, terminating program execution when VCC dips below the reset threshold or MR is pulled low. Each time RESET is asserted it stays low for the 200ms reset timeout period, which is set by an internal timer to ensure the P has adequate time to return to an initial state. Any time V CC goes below the reset threshold before the reset-timeout period is completed, the internal timer restarts. The watchdog timer can also initiate a reset if WDO is connected to MR (see the Watchdog Input section). VCC OUT BATT BATTERY-BACKUP COMPARATOR P BATT ON N RESET COMPARATOR LOW LINE LOW-LINE COMPARATOR BATT OK PFO WATCHDOG TRANSITION DETECTOR BATTERY-OK COMPARATOR 50k GND PFI WDI VCC POWER-FAIL COMPARATOR MR RESET STATE MACHINE RESET WDO OSCILLATOR 2.275V THE HIGHER OF VCC OR VBATT P MAX807 P CE IN CE OUT N Figure 1. Block Diagram 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy VCC VCC VLOW LINE VLOW LINE VRESET tRP VRESET (MAX801) VRESET tRP VRESET (MAX808) VCE OUT MAX807L/M/N VRST + VLR VRST VRST VLL VBATT VCE OUT VBATT SHOWN FOR VCC = 5V to 0, VBATT = 2.8V, CE IN = GND SHOWN FOR VCC = 0 to 5V, VBATT = 2.8V, CE IN = GND Figure 2a. Timing Diagram, VCC Rising The RESET output is active low and implemented with a strong pulldown/relatively weak pullup structure. It is guaranteed to be a logic low for 0 < VCC < VRST, provided VBATT is greater than 2V. Without a backup battery, RESET is guaranteed valid for VCC 1. It typically sinks 3.2mA at 0.1V saturation voltage in its active state. The RESET output is the inverse of the RESET output; it both sources and sinks current and cannot be wire-OR connected. Figure 2a shows a timing diagram with VCC rising and Figure 2b shows VCC falling. Figure 2b. Timing Diagram, VCC Falling MANUAL RESET MR * OTHER RESET SOURCES MAX807 * Manual Reset Input Many P-based products require manual-reset capability to allow an operator or test technician to initiate a reset. The Manual Reset (MR) input permits the generation of a reset in response to a logic low from a switch, WDO, or external circuitry. Reset remains asserted while MR is low, and for 200ms after MR returns high. MR has an internal 50A to 200A pullup current, so it can be left open if it is not used. MR can be driven with TTL or CMOS-logic levels, or with open-drain/collector outputs. Connect a normally open momentary switch from MR to GND to create a manual-reset function; external debounce circuitry is not required. If MR is driven from long cables or if the device is used in a noisy environment, connect a 0.1F capacitor from MR to ground to provide additional noise immunity. As shown in Figure 3, diode-ORed connections can be used to allow manual resets from multiple sources. Figure 4 shows the reset timing. *DIODES NOT REQUIRED ON OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUTS. Figure 3. Diode "OR" Connections Allow Multiple Reset Sources to Connect to MR Watchdog Timer Watchdog Input The watchdog circuit monitors the P's activity. If the P does not toggle the watchdog input (WDI) within 1.6s, WDO goes low. The internal 1.6s timer is cleared and WDO returns high when reset is asserted or when a transition (low-to-high or high-to-low) occurs at WDI while RESET is high. As long as reset is asserted, the timer remains cleared and does not count. As soon as reset is released, the timer starts counting (Figure 5). Supply current is typically reduced by 10A when WDI is at a valid logic level. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX807L/M/N Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy 1s MIN MR 170ns RESET CE IN 0V CE OUT 28s TYP Figure 4. Manual-Reset Timing Diagram Watchdog Output WDO remains high if there is a transition or pulse at WDI during the watchdog-timeout period. WDO goes low if no transition occurs at WDI during the watchdogtimeout period. The watchdog function is disabled and WDO is a logic high when V CC is below the reset threshold or WDI is an open circuit. To generate a system reset on every watchdog fault, diode-OR connect WDO to MR (Figure 6). When a watchdog fault occurs in this mode, WDO goes low, which pulls MR low, causing a reset pulse to be issued. As soon as reset is asserted, the watchdog timer clears and WDO returns high. With WDO connected to MR, a continuous high or low on WDI will cause 200ms reset pulses to be issued every 1.6s. Chip-Enable Signal Gating The MAX807 provides internal gating of chip-enable (CE) signals to prevent erroneous data from corrupting the CMOS RAM in the event of a power failure. During normal operation, the CE gate is enabled and passes all CE transitions. When reset is asserted, this path becomes disabled, preventing erroneous data from corrupting the CMOS RAM. The MAX807 uses a series transmission gate from the Chip-Enable Input (CE IN) to the Chip-Enable Output (CE OUT) (Figure 1). The 8ns (max) chip-enable propagation from CE IN to CE OUT enables the MAX807 to be used with most Ps. Chip-Enable Input CE IN is high impedance (disabled mode) while RESET is asserted. During a power-down sequence when VCC passes the reset threshold, the CE transmission gate disables and CE IN becomes high impedance 28s after reset is asserted (Figure 7). During a power-up sequence, CE IN remains high impedance (regardless of CE IN activity) until reset is deasserted following the reset-timeout period. In the high-impedance mode, the leakage currents into this input are 1A (max) over temperature. In the lowimpedance mode, the impedance of CE IN appears as a 75 resistor in series with the load at CE OUT. The propagation delay through the CE transmission gate depends on both the source impedance of the drive to CE IN and the capacitive loading on CE OUT VRST VCC 4.7k VCC MAX807 RESET WDO tRP RESET MR WDO VCC tWD 50s WDO WDI RESET tRP tWD tRP WDI WDO CONNECTED TO P INTERRUPT. Figure 5. Watchdog Timing Relationship 10 Figure 6. Generating a Reset on Each Watchdog Fault ______________________________________________________________________________________ TO P Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy MAX807L/M/N VRST MAX VCC RESET THRESHOLD VCC CE IN MAX807 CE OUT 28s 26s CE IN CE OUT 26s 50pF CLOAD 50 DRIVER RESET GND RESET Figure 7. Reset and Chip-Enable Timing (see the Chip-Enable Propagation Delay vs. CE OUT Load Capacitance graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics). The CE propagation delay is production tested from the 50% point on CE IN to the 50% point on CE OUT using a 50 driver and 50pF of load capacitance (Figure 8). For minimum propagation delay, minimize the capacitive load at CE OUT and use a low output-impedance driver. Chip-Enable Output In the enabled mode, the impedance of CE OUT is equivalent to 75 in series with the source driving CE IN. In the disabled mode, the 75 transmission gate is off and CE OUT is actively pulled to the higher of VCC or VBATT. This source turns off when the transmission gate is enabled. Figure 8. CE Propagation Delay Test Circuit 4.5V to 5.5V REGULATOR VCC LOW LINE TO P NMI CHOLD MAX807 CHOLD > ILOAD x tSHDN VLR GND Low-Line Comparator The low-line comparator monitors VCC with a threshold voltage typically 52mV above the reset threshold, with 13mV of hysteresis. Use LOW LINE to provide a nonmaskable interrupt (NMI) to the P when power begins to fall to initiate an orderly software shutdown routine. In most battery-operated portable systems, reserve energy in the battery provides ample time to complete the shutdown routine once the low-line warning is encountered, and before reset asserts. If the system must contend with a more rapid VCC fall time--such as when the main battery is disconnected, a DC-DC converter shuts down, or a high-side switch is opened during normal operation--use capacitance on the VCC line to provide time to execute the shutdown routine (Figure 9). First calculate the worst-case time required for the system to perform its shutdown routine. Then, with the Figure 9. Using LOW LINE to Provide a Power-Fail Warning to the P worst-case shutdown time, the worst-case load current, and the minimum low-line to reset threshold (VLR(min)), calculate the amount of capacitance required to allow the shutdown routine to complete before reset is asserted: CHOLD = (ILOAD x tSHDN) / VLR (min) where tSHDN is the time required for the system to complete the shutdown routine, and includes the VCC to low-line propagation delay; and where ILOAD is the current being drained from the capacitor, VLR is the lowline to reset threshold. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX807L/M/N Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy VIN VCC R1 MAX807 PFI VCC R1 PFO PFI R2 MAX807 PFO R2 MR GND GND VCC VIN VCC PFO PFO VL VTRIP = R2 (VPFT + VPFH) ( VL = R2 (VPFT) 1 1 VTRIP ( R1 + R2 ) - 1 1 + R1 R2 ) VCC R1 VCC - R1 VIN 0V VTRIP = VPFT WHERE VPFT = 2.265V VPFH = 20mV NOTE: VTRIP, VL ARE NEGATIVE. a) VTRIP ( R1 + R2 R2 VIN ) R1 + R2 VH = (VPFT + VPFH) R2 ( b) VH ) Figure 10. Using the Power-Fail Comparator to Monitor an Additional Power Supply: a) VIN is Negative, b) VIN is Positive FROM REGULATED SUPPLY Power-Fail Comparator VCC OUT 0.1F 0.1F PFI is the noninverting input to an uncommitted comparator. If PFI is less than VPFT (2.265V), PFO goes low. The power-fail comparator is intended to monitor the preregulated input of the power supply, providing an early power-fail warning so software can conduct an orderly shutdown. It can also be used to monitor supplies other than 5V. Set the power-fail threshold with a resistor-divider, as shown in Figure 10. P POWER POWER TO CMOS RAM MAX807 BATT P 2.8V a) RESET NMI I/O LINE RESET LOW LINE WDI GND VCC OUT 0.1F 0.1F VOLTAGE REGULATOR Power-Fail Input PFI is the input to the power-fail comparator. The typical comparator delay is 14s from VIL to VOL (power failing), and 32s from VIH to VOH (power being restored). If unused, connect this input to ground. P POWER POWER TO CMOS RAM MAX807 BATT 2.8V RESET PFO WDI PFI P RESET NMI I/O LINE GND Power-Fail Output The Power-Fail Output (PFO) goes low when PFI goes below VPFT. It typically sinks 3.2mA with a saturation voltage of 0.1V. With PFI above VPFT, PFO is actively pulled to V CC . Connecting PFI through a voltagedivider to a preregulated supply allows PFO to generate an NMI as the preregulated power begins to fall (Figure 11b). If the preregulated supply is inaccessible, use LOW LINE to generate the NMI (Figure 11a). The LOW LINE threshold is typically 52mV above the reset threshold (see the Low-Line Comparator section). b) Figure 11. a) If the preregulated supply is inaccessible, LOW LINE generates the NMI for the P. b) Use PFO to generate the P NMI if the preregulated supply is accessible. 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy PIN NAME 1 PFI The power-fail comparator remains active in battery-backup mode for VCC 4V. FUNCTION 2 PFO The power-fail comparator remains active in battery-backup mode for VCC 4V. Below 4V, PFO is forced low. 3 VCC Battery switchover comparator monitors VCC for active switchover. 4 WDI WDI is ignored and goes high impedance 5 GND Ground--0V reference for all signals 6 MR 7 LOW LINE 8 RESET Logic high; the open-circuit output voltage is equal to VCC. 9 RESET Logic low 10 WDO 11 CE OUT MR is ignored Logic low Logic high. The open-circuit output voltage is equal to VCC. 12 CE IN 13 BATT ON 14 BATT 15 BATT OK 16 OUT Logic high. The open-circuit output voltage is equal to VBATT. High impedance Logic high. The open-circuit output voltage is equal to VBATT. Supply current is 1A maximum for VBATT 2.8V. Logic high when VBATT exceeds 2.285V. Valid for VCC 4V. Below 4V, BATT OK is forced low. OUT is connected to BATT through two internal PMOS switches in series. MAX807 P VCC CONTROL CIRCUITRY OUT 0.1F BATT P P Backup-Battery Input The BATT input is similar to V CC, except the PMOS switch is much smaller. This input is designed to conduct up to 20mA to OUT during battery backup. The on-resistance of the PMOS switch is approximately 13. Figure 12 shows the two series pass elements between the BATT input and OUT that facilitate UL approval. VBATT can exceed VCC during normal operation without causing a reset. Output Supply Voltage The output supply (OUT) transfers power from VCC or BATT to the P, RAM, and other external circuitry. At the maximum source current of 250mA, VOUT will typically be 260mV below VCC. Decouple this terminal with a 0.1F capacitor. BATT ON Output Figure 12. VCC and BATT-to-OUT Switch Battery-Backup Mode Battery backup preserves the contents of RAM in the event of a brownout or power failure. With a backup battery installed at BATT, the MAX807 automatically switches RAM to backup power when VCC falls. Two conditions are required for switchover to battery-backup mode: 1) VCC must be below the reset threshold; 2) VCC must be below VBATT. Table 1 lists the status of inputs and outputs during battery-backup mode. The battery on (BATT ON) output indicates the status of the internal battery switchover comparator, which controls the internal V CC and BATT switches. For V CC greater than V BATT (ignoring the small hysteresis effect), BATT ON typically sinks 3.2mA at 0.4V. In battery-backup mode, this output sources approximately 5mA. Use BATT ON to indicate battery switchover status, or to supply gate or base drive for an external pass transistor for higher current applications (see the Typical Operating Circuit). ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX807L/M/N Table 1. Input and Output Status in Battery-Backup Mode MAX807L/M/N Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy BATT OK Output The BATT OK comparator monitors the backup battery voltage, comparing it with a 2.265V reference (VCC 4V). BATT OK remains high as long as the backup battery voltage remains above 2.265V, signaling that the backup battery has sufficient voltage to maintain the memory of static RAM. When the battery voltage drops below 2.265V, the BATT OK output drops low, signaling that the backup battery needs to be changed. Applications Information The MAX807 is not short-circuit protected. Shorting OUT to ground, other than power-up transients such as charging a decoupling capacitor, may destroy the device. If long leads connect to the IC's inputs, ensure that these lines are free from ringing and other conditions that would forward bias the IC's protection diodes. There are two distinct modes of operation: 1) Normal Operating Mode, with all circuitry powered up. Typical supply current from VCC is 70A, while only leakage currents flow from the battery. 2) Battery-Backup Mode, where VCC is below VBATT and VRST. The supply current from the battery is typically less than 1A. Using SuperCaps or MaxCaps with the MAX807 BATT has the same operating voltage range as VCC, and the battery-switchover threshold voltage is typically VBATT when VCC is decreasing or VBATT + 0.06V when V CC is increasing. This hysteresis allows use of a SuperCap (e.g., order of 0.47F) and a simple charging circuit as a backup source (Figure 13). Since VBATT can exceed VCC while VCC is above the reset threshold, there are no special precautions when using these P supervisors with a SuperCap. Alternative Chip-Enable Gating Using memory devices with CE and CE inputs allows the MAX807 CE loop to be bypassed. To do this, connect CE IN to ground, pull up CE OUT to OUT, and connect CE OUT to the CE input of each memory device (Figure 14). The CE input of each part then connects directly to the chip-select logic, which does not have to be gated by the MAX807. Adding Hysteresis to the Power-Fail Comparator The power-fail comparator has a typical input hysteresis of 20mV. This is sufficient for most applications where a power-supply line is being monitored through an external voltage-divider (Figure 10). Figure 15 shows how to add hysteresis to the power-fail comparator. Select the ratio of R1 and R2 such that PFI sees 2.265V when VIN falls to the desired trip point (VTRIP). Resistor R3 adds hysteresis. It will typically be an order of magnitude greater than R1 or R2. The current through R1 and R2 should be at least 1A to ensure that the 25nA (max) PFI input current does not shift the trip point. R3 should be larger than 10k to prevent it from loading down the PFO pin. Capacitor C1 adds additional noise rejection. Rp* CE RAM 1 +5V CE OUT CE IN VCC 1N4148 CE OUT CE RAM 2 CE BATT OUT CE MAX807 0.47F RAM 3 CE MAX807 GND CE RAM 4 CE GND *MAXIMUM Rp VALUE DEPENDS ON THE NUMBER OF RAMs. MINIMUM Rp VALUE IS 1k. Figure 13. SuperCap or MaxCap on BATT 14 ACTIVE-HIGH CE LINES FROM LOGIC Figure 14. Alternate CE Gating ______________________________________________________________________________________ Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy Negative-Going VCC Transients While issuing resets to the P during power-up, powerdown, and brownout conditions, these supervisors are relatively immune to short-duration negative-going VCC transients (glitches). It is usually undesirable to reset the P when VCC experiences only small glitches. The Typical Operating Characteristics show Maximum Transient Duration vs. Reset Comparator Overdrive, for which reset pulses are not generated. The graph was produced using negative-going VCC pulses, starting at 5V and ending below the reset threshold by the magnitude indicated (reset comparator overdrive). The graph shows the maximum pulse width that a negative-going V CC transient may typically have without causing a reset pulse to be issued. As the amplitude of the transient increases (i.e., goes farther below the reset threshold), the maximum allowable pulse width decreases. Typically, a VCC transient that goes 40mV below the reset threshold and lasts for 3s or less will not cause a reset pulse to be issued. VIN +5V R1 VCC PFI C1* R3 MAX807 R2 PFO GND TO P *OPTIONAL MAX807L/M/N Backup-Battery Replacement The backup battery may be disconnected while VCC is above the reset threshold, provided BATT is bypassed with a 0.1F capacitor to ground. No precautions are necessary to avoid spurious reset pulses. START SET WDI LOW SUBROUTINE OR PROGRAM LOOP, SET WDI HIGH RETURN END Figure 16. Watchdog Flow Diagram A 0.1F bypass capacitor mounted close to the VCC pin provides additional transient immunity. Watchdog Software Considerations To help the watchdog timer keep a closer watch on software execution, you can use the method of setting and resetting the watchdog input at different points in the program, rather than "pulsing" the watchdog input highlow-high or low-high-low. This technique avoids a "stuck" loop where the watchdog timer continues to be reset within the loop, keeping the watchdog from timing out. Figure 16 shows an example flow diagram where the I/O driving the watchdog input is set high at the beginning of the program, set low at the beginning of every subroutine or loop, then set high again when the program returns to the beginning. If the program should "hang" in any subroutine, the I/O is continually set low and the watchdog timer is allowed to time out, causing a reset or interrupt to be issued. Maximum VCC Fall Time +5V PFO 0V 0V R1 + R2 VTRIP = 2.265 R2 VH = 2.265 / R2 || R3 R1 + R2 || R3 VL VTRIP VH VIN VL - 2.265 + 5 - 2.265 = 2.265 R1 R3 R2 Figure 15. Adding Hysteresis to the Power-Fail Comparator The VCC fall time is limited by the propagation delay of the battery switchover comparator and should not exceed 0.03V/s. A standard rule for filter capacitance on most regulators is on the order of 100F per amp of current. When the power supply is shut off or the main battery is disconnected, the associated initial VCC fall rate is just the inverse or 1A / 100F = 0.01V/s. The VCC fall rate decreases with time as VCC falls exponentially, which more than satisfies the maximum fall-time requirement. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 MAX807L/M/N Full-Featured P Supervisory Circuit with 1.5% Reset Accuracy Typical Operating Circuit Ordering Information PART +5V 0.1F 0.1F VCC BATT ON OUT BATT CMOS RAM REALTIME CLOCK 0.47F* CE OUT OTHER SYSTEM RESET SOURCES MR CE IN PUSHBUTTON SWITCH A0-A15 I/O P NMI WDI LOW LINE RESET RESET BATT OK +12V SUPPLY PFO WDO PFI PIN-PACKAGE 0C to +70C 16 Plastic DIP MAX807_CUE 0C to +70C 16 TSSOP MAX807_CWE 0C to +70C 16 Wide SO MAX807_EPE -40C to +85C 16 Plastic DIP MAX807_EUE -40C to +85C 16 TSSOP MAX807_EWE MAX807_MJE -40C to +85C -55C to +125C 16 Wide SO 16 CERDIP This part offers a choice of reset threshold voltage. From the table below, select the suffix corresponding to the desired threshold and insert it into the blank to complete the part number. ADDRESS DECODE MAX807 TEMP RANGE MAX807_CPE RESET Devices in PDIP, SO and TSSOP packages are available in both leaded and lead-free packaging. Specify lead free by adding the + symbol at the end of the part number when ordering. Lead free not available for CERDIP package. RESET INTERRUPT +12V SUPPLY FAILURE WATCHDOG FAILURE SUFFIX L N M GND *MaxCap. RESET THRESHOLD (V) MIN TYP MAX 4.60 4.50 4.35 4.675 4.575 4.425 4.75 4.65 4.50 ___________________Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT: 984 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 16 __________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600 (c) 2005 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. 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