LM4859 LM4859 Stereo 1.2W Audio Sub-system with 3D Enhancement Literature Number: SNAS256D LM4859 Stereo 1.2W Audio Sub-system with 3D Enhancement General Description Key Specifications The LM4859 is an integrated audio sub-system designed for stereo cell phone applications. Operating on a 3.3V supply, it combines a stereo speaker amplifier delivering 495mW per channel into an 8 load and a stereo headphone amplifier delivering 33mW per channel into a 32 load. It integrates the audio amplifiers, volume control, mixer, power management control, and National 3D enhancement all into a single package. In addition, the LM4859 routes and mixes the stereo and mono inputs into 10 distinct output modes. The LM4859 is controlled through an I2C compatible interface. Other features include an ultra-low current shutdown mode and thermal shutdown protection. Boomer audio power amplifiers are designed specifically to provide high quality output power with a minimal amount of external components. The LM4859 is available in a 30-bump TL package and a 28-lead LLP package. j POUT, Stereo Loudspeakers, 4, 5V, 1% THD+N (LM4859SP) 1.6W (typ) j POUT, Stereo Loudspeakers, 8, 5V, 1% THD+N 1.2W (typ) j POUT, Stereo Headphones, 32, 5V, 1% THD+N 75mW (typ) j POUT, Stereo Loudspeakers, 8, 3.3V, 1% THD+N 495mW (typ) j POUT, Stereo Headphones, 32, 3.3V, 1% THD+N j Shutdown Current 33mW (typ) 0.06A (typ) Features n n n n n n n n n n Stereo speaker amplifier Stereo headphone amplifier Independent Left, Right, and Mono volume controls National 3D enhancement I2C compatible interface Ultra low shutdown current Click and Pop Suppression circuit 10 distinct output modes Thermal Shutdown Protection Available in micro SMD and LLP packages Applications n n n n n Cell Phones PDAs Portable Gaming Devices Internet Appliances Portable DVD/CD/AAC/MP3 players Boomer (R) is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. (c) 2006 National Semiconductor Corporation DS201061 www.national.com LM4859 Stereo 1.2W Audio Sub-system with 3D Enhancement June 2005 LM4859 Typical Application 20106101 FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit www.national.com 2 LM4859 Connection Diagrams 30 Bump TL Package micro SMD Marking 20106163 Top View XY - 2 Digit date code TT - Die run traceability G - Boomer Family F1 - LM4859TL 20106108 Top View (Bump-side down) Order Number LM4859TL See NS Package Number TLA30CZA Pin Connections (TL) Pin Name Pin Description A1 RLS+ A2 VDD Right Loudspeaker Positive Output Power Supply A3 SDA Data A4 RHP3D Right Headphone 3D A5 RHP Right Headphone Output B1 GND Ground B2 I2CVDD I2C Interface Power Supply B3 ADR I2C Address Select B4 LHP3D Left Headphone 3D B5 VDD Power Supply C1 RLS- Right Loudspeaker Negative Output C2 NC No Connect C3 SCL Clock C4 NC No Connect C5 GND Ground D1 LLS- Left Loudspeaker Negative Output D2 VDD Power Supply D3 MIN Mono Input D4 NC No Connect D5 NC No Connect E1 GND Ground E2 BYPASS Half-supply bypass E3 LLS3D Left Loudspeaker 3D E4 RIN Right Stereo Input E5 NC No Connect F1 LLS+ Left Loudspeaker Positive Output F2 VDD Power Supply F3 RLS3D Right Loudspeaker 3D F4 LIN Left Stereo Input F5 LHP Left Headphone Output 3 www.national.com LM4859 Connection Diagram 28 - Lead SP Package 20106199 Top View Order Number LM4859SP See NS Package Number SPA28A www.national.com 4 LM4859 Pin Connections (SP) Pin 1 Name Pin Description RHP Right Headphone Output 2 VDD Power Supply 3 NC No Connect 4 GND Ground 5 NC No Connect 6 NC No Connect 7 LHP Left Headphone Output 8 RIN Right Stereo Input 9 LIN Left Stereo Input 10 MIN Mono Input 11 LLS3D Left Loudspeaker 3D 12 RLS3D Right Loudspeaker 3D 13 BYPASS Half-supply bypass 14 VDD Power Supply 15 LLS+ Left Loudspeaker Positive Output 16 GND Ground 17 LLS- Left Loudspeaker Negative Output 18 VDD Power Supply 19 RLS- Right Loudspeaker Negative Output 20 GND Ground 21 RLS+ Right Loudspeaker Positive Output 22 VDD Power Supply 23 I2CVDD I2C Interface Power Supply 24 SDA Data 25 ADR I2C Address Select 26 SCL Clock 27 RHP3D Right Headphone 3D 28 LHP3D Left Headphone 3D 5 www.national.com LM4859 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2) JA (SPA28A) (Note 10) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. JC (SPA28A) Supply Voltage Power Dissipation (Note 3) Temperature Range TMIN TA TMAX Internally Limited ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) 2000V ESD Susceptibility (Note 5) 200V Junction Temperature (TJ) 150C 62C/W Operating Ratings -65C to +150C -0.3V to VDD +0.3V Input Voltage 3C/W JA (TLA30CZA) (Note 12) 6.0V Storage Temperature 42C/W -40C TA +85C Supply Voltage 2.7V VDD 5.5V 2.5V I2CVDD 5.5V Thermal Resistance Audio Amplifier Electrical Characteristics VDD = 5.0V (Notes 1, 2) The following specifications apply for VDD = 5.0V, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4859 Typical (Note 6) IDD ISD PO Supply Current Shutdown Current Output Power Limits (Notes 7, 8) Units (Limits) VIN = 0V, No load; LD5 = RD5 = 0 (Note 9) Mode 4, 9, 14 5 8 mA (max) Mode 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13 13 21 mA (max) Output mode 0 (Note 9) 0.2 3 A (max) LM4859SP Speaker; THD+N = 1%; f = 1kHz; 4 BTL 1.6 Speaker; THD+N = 1%; f = 1kHz; 8 BTL 1.2 0.9 W (min) Headphone; THD+N = 1%; f = 1kHz; 32 SE 75 60 mW (min) W LD5 = RD5 = 0 THD+N VOS Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise Offset Voltage Speaker; PO = 400mW; f = 1kHz; 8 BTL 0.05 % Headphone; PO = 15mW; f = 1kHz; 32 SE 0.04 % Speaker; LD5 = RD5 = 0 5 40 mV (max) A-weighted, 0dB gain; (Note 11) LD5 = RD5 = 0; Audio Inputs Terminated NOUT Output Noise Speaker; Mode 2, 3, 7, 8 27 V Speaker; Mode 12, 13 38 V Headphone; Mode 3, 4, 8, 9 10 V Headphone; Mode 13, 14 14 V f = 217Hz; Vrip = 200mVpp; CB = 2.2F; 0dB gain; (Note 11) LD5 = RD5 = 0; Audio Inputs Terminated PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio www.national.com Speaker; Mode 2, 3, 7, 8 70 Speaker; Mode 12, 13, 64 Headphone; Mode 3, 4, 8, 9 86 Headphone; Mode 13, 14 73 6 dB 54 dB (min) dB 60 dB (min) LM4859 Audio Amplifier Electrical Characteristics VDD = 5.0V (Notes 1, 2) (Continued) The following specifications apply for VDD = 5.0V, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4859 Typical (Note 6) Limits (Notes 7, 8) Units (Limits) LD5 = RD5 = 0 Xtalk TWU Crosstalk Wake-up Time Loudspeaker; PO = 400mW; f = 1kHz 85 dB Headphone; PO = 15mW; f = 1kHz 85 dB CD5 = 0; CB = 2.2F 120 ms CD5 = 1; CB = 2.2F 230 ms Audio Amplifier Electrical Characteristics VDD = 3.0V (Notes 1, 2) The following specifications apply for VDD = 3.0V, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4859 Units (Limits) Typical (Note 6) Limits (Notes 7, 8) 4.5 7.5 mA (max) VIN = 0V, No load; LD5 = RD5 = 0 (Note 9) IDD Supply Current Mode 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13 11.2 19 mA (max) ISD Shutdown Current Mode 0 (Note 9) 0.06 2.5 A (max) Output Power LM4859SP Speaker; THD+N = 1%; f = 1kHz; 4 BTL 530 Speaker; THD+N = 1%; f = 1kHz; 8 BTL 400 320 mW (min) Headphone; THD+N = 1%; f = 1kHz; 32 SE 25 20 mW (min) PO PO Output Power Mode 4, 9, 14 mW LD5 = RD5 = 0 THD+N VOS Total Harmonic Distortion Plus Noise Offset Voltage Speaker; PO = 200mW; f = 1kHz; 8 BTL 0.05 % Headphone; PO = 10mW; f = 1kHz; 32 SE 0.04 % Speaker; LD5 = RD5 = 0 5 40 mV (max) A-weighted; 0dB gain; (Note 11) LD5 = RD5 = 0; All Inputs Terminated NOUT Output Noise Speaker; Mode 2, 3, 7, 8 27 V Speaker; Mode 12, 13 38 V Headphone; Mode 3, 4, 8, 9 10 V Headphone; Mode 13, 14 14 V f = 217Hz, Vrip = 200mVpp; CB = 2.2F; 0dB gain; (Note 11) LD5 = RD5 = 0; All Audio Inputs Terminated PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio Speaker; Mode 2, 3, 7, 8 70 Speaker; Mode 12, 13, 65 Headphone; Mode 3, 4, 8, 9 87 Headphone; Mode 13, 14 75 7 dB 55 dB (min) dB 62 dB (min) www.national.com LM4859 Audio Amplifier Electrical Characteristics VDD = 3.0V (Notes 1, 2) (Continued) The following specifications apply for VDD = 3.0V, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4859 Typical (Note 6) Limits (Notes 7, 8) Units (Limits) LD5 = RD5 = 0 Xtalk TWU Crosstalk Wake-up Time Loudspeaker; PO = 200mW; f = 1kHz 82 dB Headphone; PO = 10mW; f = 1kHz 82 dB CD5 = 0; CB = 2.2F 80 ms CD5 = 1; CB = 2.2F 140 ms Volume Control Electrical Characteristics (Notes 1, 2) The following specifications apply for VDD = 5.0V and VDD = 3.0V, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4859 Typical (Note 6) Limits (Notes 7, 8) maximum gain setting 6 5.5 6.5 dB (min) dB (max) minimum gain setting -40.5 -41 -40 dB (min) dB (max) maximum gain setting 12 11.5 12.5 dB (min) dB (max) minimum gain setting -34.5 -35 -34 dB (min) dB (max) +/-0.5 dB (max) Stereo Volume Control Range Mono Volume Control Range Volume Control Step Size 1.5 Volume Control Step Size Error +/-0.2 Stereo Channel to Channel Gain Mismatch Mute Attenuation Units (Limits) dB 0.3 dB 85 dB Mode 12, Vin = 1VRMS Headphone maximum gain setting 33.5 25 42 k (min) k (max) minimum gain setting 100 75 125 k (min) k (max) maximum gain setting 20 15 25 k (min) k (max) minimum gain setting 98 73 123 k (min) k (max) LIN and RIN Input Impedance MIN Input Impedance Control Interface Electrical Characteristics (Notes 1, 2) The following specifications apply for VDD = 5V and VDD = 3V and 2.5V I2CVDD 5.5V, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4859 Typical (Note 6) Limits (Notes 7, 8) Units (Limits) t1 SCL period 2.5 s (min) t2 SDA Set-up Time 100 ns (min) t3 SDA Stable Time 0 ns (min) t4 Start Condition Time 100 ns (min) t5 Stop Condition time 100 ns (min) www.national.com 8 (Continued) The following specifications apply for VDD = 5V and VDD = 3V and 2.5V I2CVDD 5.5V, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4859 Typical (Note 6) Limits (Notes 7, 8) Units (Limits) VIH Digital Input High Voltage 0.7 x I2CVDD V (min) VIL Digital Input Low Voltage 0.3 x I2CVDD V (max) Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the GND pin unless otherwise specified. Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance. Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, JA, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX - TA) / JA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4859 operating in Mode 3, 8, or 13 with VDD = 5V, 8 stereo loudspeakers and 32 stereo headphones, the total power dissipation is 1.348W. JA = 62C/W. Note 4: Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5k resistor. Note 5: Machine Model, 220pF-240pF discharged through all pins. Note 6: Typicals are measured at +25C and represent the parametric norm. Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to National's AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). Note 8: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis. Note 9: Shutdown current and supply current are measured in a normal room environment. All digital input pins are connected to I2CVDD. Note 10: The given JA is for an LM4859SP mounted on a PCB with a 2in2 area of 10oz printed circuit board ground plane. Note 11: "0dB gain" refers to the volume control gain setting of MIN, LIN, and RIN set at 0dB. Note 12: The given JA is for an LM4859TL mounted on a PCB with a 2in2 area of 10oz printed circuit board ground plane. External Components Description Components Functional Description 1. CIN This is the input coupling capacitor. It blocks the DC voltage and couples the input signal to the amplifier's input terminals. CIN also creates a high pass filter with the internal resistor Ri (Input Impedance) at fC = 1/(2RiCIN). 2. CS This is the supply bypass capacitor. It filters the supply voltage applied to the VDD pin and helps reduce the noise at the VDD pin. 3. CB This is the BYPASS pin capacitor. It filters the VDD / 2 voltage and helps maintain the LM4859's PSRR. 4. COUT This is the output coupling capacitor. It blocks the DC voltage and couples the output signal to the speaker load RL. COUT also creates a high pass filter with RL at fO = 1/(2RLCOUT). 5. R3D This resistor sets the gain of the National 3D effect. Please refer to the National 3D Enhancement section for information on selecting the value of R3D. 6. C3D This capacitor sets the frequency at which the National 3D effect starts to occur. Please refer to the National 3D Enhancement section for information on selecting the value of C3D. 9 www.national.com LM4859 Control Interface Electrical Characteristics (Notes 1, 2) LM4859 Typical Performance Characteristics (Note 11) LM4859SP THD+N vs Frequency LM4859SP THD+N vs Frequency 20106155 20106156 VDD = 5V; LLS, RLS; PO = 400mW; RL = 4; Mode 7; 0dB Gain VDD = 3V; LLS, RLS; PO = 200mW; RL = 4; Mode 7; 0dB Gain LM4859SP THD+N vs Output Power LM4859SP THD+N vs Output Power 20106157 20106158 VDD = 5V; LLS, RLS; f = 1kHz; RL = 4; Mode 7; 0dB Gain www.national.com VDD = 3V; LLS, RLS; f = 1kHz; RL = 4; Mode 7; 0dB Gain 10 (Note 11) THD+N vs Frequency LM4859 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) THD+N vs Frequency 20106110 20106111 VDD = 5V; LLS, RLS; PO = 400mW; RL = 8; Mode 7; 0dB Gain VDD = 3V; LLS, RLS; PO = 200mW; RL = 8; Mode 7; 0dB Gain THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Frequency 20106112 20106113 VDD = 5V; LHP, RHP; PO = 15mW; RL = 32; Mode 9; 0dB Gain VDD = 3V; LHP, RHP; PO = 10mW; RL = 32; Mode 9; 0dB Gain 11 www.national.com LM4859 Typical Performance Characteristics (Note 11) THD+N vs Output Power (Continued) THD+N vs Output Power 20106120 20106121 VDD = 5V; LLS, RLS; f = 1kHz; RL = 8; Mode 7; 0dB Gain VDD = 3V; LLS, RLS; f = 1kHz; RL = 8; Mode 7; 0dB Gain THD+N vs Output Power THD+N vs Output Power 20106122 20106123 VDD = 5V; LHP, RHP; f = 1kHz; RL = 32; Mode 9; 0dB Gain www.national.com VDD = 3V; LHP, RHP; f = 1kHz; RL = 32; Mode 9; 0dB Gain 12 (Note 11) PSRR vs Frequency LM4859 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) PSRR vs Frequency 20106126 20106127 VDD = 5V; LLS, RLS; RL = 8; 0db Gain; All audio inputs terminated Top-Mode 12, 13; Mid-Mode 2, 3; Bot-Mode 7, 8 VDD = 3V; LLS, RLS; RL = 8; 0db Gain; All audio inputs terminated Top-Mode 12, 13; Mid-Mode 2, 3; Bot-Mode 7, 8 PSRR vs Frequency PSRR vs Frequency 20106128 20106129 VDD = 5V; LHP, RHP; RL = 32; 0db Gain; All audio inputs terminated Top-Mode 13, 14; Mid-Mode 3, 4; Bot-Mode 8, 9 VDD = 3V; LHP, RHP; RL = 32; 0db Gain; All audio inputs terminated Top-Mode 13, 14; Mid-Mode 3, 4; Bot-Mode 8, 9 13 www.national.com LM4859 Typical Performance Characteristics (Note 11) Crosstalk vs Frequency (Continued) Crosstalk vs Frequency 20106134 20106135 VDD = 5V; LLS, RLS; PO = 400mW; RL = 8; Mode 7; 0db Gain; 3D off Top-Left to Right; Bot-Right to Left VDD = 3V; LLS, RLS; PO = 200mW; RL = 8; Mode 7; 0db Gain; 3D off Top-Left to Right; Bot-Right to Left Crosstalk vs Frequency Crosstalk vs Frequency 20106136 20106137 VDD = 5V; LHP, RHP; PO = 15mW; RL = 32; Mode 9; 0db Gain; 3D off Top-Left to Right; Bot-Right to Left www.national.com VDD = 3V; LHP, RHP; PO = 10mW; RL = 32; Mode 9; 0db Gain; 3D off Top-Left to Right; Bot-Right to Left 14 (Note 11) Frequency vs Response LM4859 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Frequency vs Response 20106138 20106139 LLS, RLS; RL = 8; Mode 2; Full Gain LLS, RLS; RL = 8; Mode 7; Full Gain Frequency vs Response Frequency vs Response 20106140 20106141 LHP, RHP; RL = 32; CO = 100F Mode 4; Full Gain LHP, RHP; RL = 32; CO = 100F Mode 9; Full Gain 15 www.national.com LM4859 Typical Performance Characteristics (Note 11) Power Dissipation vs Output Power Power Dissipation vs Output Power 20106146 20106145 LLS, RLS; RL = 8; THD+N 1% Top-VDD = 5V; Bot-VDD = 3V per channel LHP, RHP; RL = 32; THD+N 1% Top-VDD = 5V; Bot-VDD = 3V per channel Output Power vs Load Resistance Output Power vs Load Resistance 20106148 20106149 LLS, RLS; RL = 8; Top-VDD = 5V, 10% THD+N; Topmid-VDD = 5V, 1% THD+N; Botmid-VDD = 3V, 10% THD+N; Bot-VDD = 3V, 1% THD+N www.national.com (Continued) LHP, RHP; RL = 32; Top-VDD = 5V, 10% THD+N; Topmid-VDD = 5V, 1% THD+N; Botmid-VDD = 3V, 10% THD+N; Bot-VDD = 3V, 1% THD+N 16 (Note 11) Output Power vs Supply Voltage LM4859 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Output Power vs Supply Voltage 20106152 20106153 LLS, RLS; RL = 8; Top-10% THD+N; Bot-1% THD+N LHP, RHP; RL = 32; Top-10% THD+N; Bot-1% THD+N 17 www.national.com LM4859 Application Information 201061F5 FIGURE 2. I2C Bus Format 201061F4 FIGURE 3. I2C Timing Diagram TABLE 1. Chip Address A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 Chip Address 1 1 1 1 1 0 EC A0 0 ADR = 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 ADR = 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 EC - externally configured by ADR pin TABLE 2. Control Registers D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Mono Volume control 0 0 0 MD4 MD3 MD2 MD1 MD0 Left Volume control 0 1 LD5 LD4 LD3 LD2 LD1 LD0 Right Volume control 1 0 RD5 RD4 RD3 RD2 RD1 RD0 Mode control 1 1 CD5 0 CD3 CD2 CD1 CD0 www.national.com 18 LM4859 Application Information (Continued) TABLE 3. Mono Volume Control MD4 MD3 MD2 MD1 MD0 Gain (dB) 0 0 0 0 0 -34.5 0 0 0 0 1 -33.0 0 0 0 1 0 -31.5 0 0 0 1 1 -30.0 0 0 1 0 0 -28.5 0 0 1 0 1 -27.0 0 0 1 1 0 -25.5 0 0 1 1 1 -24.0 0 1 0 0 0 -22.5 0 1 0 0 1 -21.0 0 1 0 1 0 -19.5 0 1 0 1 1 -18.0 0 1 1 0 0 -16.5 0 1 1 0 1 -15.0 0 1 1 1 0 -13.5 0 1 1 1 1 -12.0 1 0 0 0 0 -10.5 1 0 0 0 1 -9.0 1 0 0 1 0 -7.5 1 0 0 1 1 -6.0 1 0 1 0 0 -4.5 1 0 1 0 1 -3.0 1 0 1 1 0 -1.5 1 0 1 1 1 0.0 1 1 0 0 0 1.5 1 1 0 0 1 3.0 1 1 0 1 0 4.5 1 1 0 1 1 6.0 1 1 1 0 0 7.5 1 1 1 0 1 9.0 1 1 1 1 0 10.5 1 1 1 1 1 12.0 19 www.national.com LM4859 Application Information (Continued) TABLE 4. Stereo Volume Control LD4//RD4 LD3//RD3 LD2//RD2 LD1//RD1 LD0//RD0 Gain (dB) 0 0 0 0 0 -40.5 0 0 0 0 1 -39.0 0 0 0 1 0 -37.5 0 0 0 1 1 -36.0 0 0 1 0 0 -34.5 0 0 1 0 1 -33.0 0 0 1 1 0 -31.5 0 0 1 1 1 -30.0 0 1 0 0 0 -28.5 0 1 0 0 1 -27.0 0 1 0 1 0 -25.5 0 1 0 1 1 -24.0 0 1 1 0 0 -22.5 0 1 1 0 1 -21.0 0 1 1 1 0 -19.5 0 1 1 1 1 -18.0 1 0 0 0 0 -16.5 1 0 0 0 1 -15.0 1 0 0 1 0 -13.5 1 0 0 1 1 -12.0 1 0 1 0 0 -10.5 1 0 1 0 1 -9.0 1 0 1 1 0 -7.5 1 0 1 1 1 -6.0 1 1 0 0 0 -4.5 1 1 0 0 1 -3.0 1 1 0 1 0 -1.5 1 1 0 1 1 0.0 1 1 1 0 0 1.5 1 1 1 0 1 3.0 1 1 1 1 0 4.5 1 1 1 1 1 6.0 www.national.com 20 LM4859 Application Information (Continued) TABLE 5. Mixer and Output Mode Mode CD3 CD2 CD1 CD0 Loudspeaker L Loudspeaker R Headphone L Headphone R 0 0 0 0 0 SD SD SD SD 1 0 0 0 1 RESERVED 2 0 0 1 0 2(GM x M) 2(GM x M) MUTE MUTE 3 0 0 1 1 2(GM x M) 2(GM x M) (GM x M) (GM x M) 4 0 1 0 0 SD SD (GM x M) (GM x M) 5 0 1 0 1 RESERVED 6 0 1 1 0 7 0 1 1 1 2(GL x L) 2(GR x R) MUTE MUTE 8 1 0 0 0 2(GL x L) 2(GR x R) (GL x L) (GR x R) SD SD (GL x L) (GR x R) 9 1 0 0 1 10 1 0 1 0 RESERVED RESERVED 11 1 0 1 1 12 1 1 0 0 2(GL x L) + 2(GM x M) 2(GRx R) + 2(GM x M) RESERVED MUTE MUTE 13 1 1 0 1 2(GL x L) + 2(GM x M) 2(GR x R) + 2(GM x M) (GL x L) + (GM x M) (GR x R) + (GM x M) 14 1 1 1 0 SD SD (GL x L) + (GM x M) (GR x R) + (GM x M) 15 1 1 1 1 RESERVED M - MIN Input Level L - LIN Input Level R - RIN Input Level GM - Mono Volume Control Gain GL - Left Stereo Volume Control Gain GR - Right Stereo Volume Control Gain SD - Shutdown MUTE - Mute TABLE 6. National 3D Enhancement LD5 RD5 0 Loudspeaker National 3D Off 1 Loudspeaker National 3D On 0 Headphone National 3D Off 1 Headphone National 3D On TABLE 7. Wake-up Time Select CD5 0 Fast Wake-up Setting 1 Slow Wake-up Setting 21 www.national.com LM4859 Application Information both the stereo loudspeaker outputs as well as the stereo headphone outputs, so the 3D effect can be set independently for each set of stereo outputs. The amount of the 3D effect is set by the R3D resistor. Decreasing the value of R3D will increase the 3D effect. The C3D capacitor sets the low cutoff frequency of the 3D effect. Increasing the value of C3D will decrease the low cutoff frequency at which the 3D effect starts to occur, as shown by Equation 1. (Continued) I2C COMPATIBLE INTERFACE The LM4859 uses a serial bus, which conforms to the I2C protocol, to control the chip's functions with two wires: clock (SCL) and data (SDA). The clock line is uni-directional. The data line is bi-directional (open-collector). The maximum clock frequency specified by the I2C standard is 400kHz. In this discussion, the master is the controlling microcontroller and the slave is the LM4859. The I2C address for the LM4859 is determined using the ADR pin. The LM4859's two possible I2C chip addresses are of the form 111110X10 (binary), where X1 = 0, if ADR is logic low; and X1 = 1, if ADR is logic high. If the I2C interface is used to address a number of chips in a system, the LM4859's chip address can be changed to avoid any possible address conflicts. The bus format for the I2C interface is shown in Figure 2. The bus format diagram is broken up into six major sections: f3D(-3dB) = 1 / 2(R3D)(C3D) Activating the 3D effect will cause an increase in gain by a multiplication factor of (1 + 9k/R3D). Setting R3D to 9k will result in a gain increase by a multiplication factor of (1+ 9k/9k) = 2 or 6dB whenever the 3D effect is activated. The volume control can be programmed through the I2C compatible interface to compensate for the extra 6dB increase in gain. For example, if the stereo volume control is set at 0dB (11011 from Table 4) before the 3D effect is activated, the volume control should be programmed to -6dB (10111 from Table 4) immediately after the 3D effect has been activated. Setting R3D = 20k and C3D = 0.22F allows the LM4859 to produce a pronounced 3D effect with a minimal increase in output noise. The "start" signal is generated by lowering the data signal while the clock signal is high. The start signal will alert all devices attached to the I2C bus to check the incoming address against their own address. The 8-bit chip address is sent next, most significant bit first. The data is latched in on the rising edge of the clock. Each address bit must be stable while the clock level is high. After the last bit of the address bit is sent, the master releases the data line high (through a pull-up resistor). Then the master sends an acknowledge clock pulse. If the LM4859 has received the address correctly, then it holds the data line low during the clock pulse. If the data line is not held low during the acknowledge clock pulse, then the master should abort the rest of the data transfer to the LM4859. The 8 bits of data are sent next, most significant bit first. Each data bit should be valid while the clock level is stable high. After the data byte is sent, the master must check for another acknowledge to see if the LM4859 received the data. If the master has more data bytes to send to the LM4859, then the master can repeat the previous two steps until all data bytes have been sent. EXPOSED-DAP MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS The LM4859's exposed-DAP (die attach paddle) package (SP) provides a low thermal resistance between the die and the PCB to which the part is mounted and soldered. This allows rapid heat transfer from the die to the surrounding PCB copper area heatsink, copper traces, ground plane, and finally, surrounding air. The result is a low voltage audio power amplifier that produces 1.6W dissipation in a 4 load at 1% THD+N and over 1.8W in a 3 load at 10% THD+N. This high power is achieved through careful consideration of necessary thermal design. Failing to optimize thermal design may compromise the LM4859's high power performance and activate unwanted, though necessary, thermal shutdown protection. The SP package must have its DAP soldered to a copper pad on the PCB. The DAP's PCB copper pad is then, ideally, connected to a large plane of continuous unbroken copper. This plane forms a thermal mass, heat sink, and radiation area. Place the heat sink area on either outside plane in the case of a two-sided or multi-layer PCB. (The heat sink area can also be placed on an inner layer of a multi-layer board. The thermal resistance, however, will be higher.) Connect the DAP copper pad to the inner layer or backside copper heat sink area with 9 (3 X 3) (SP) vias. The via diameter should be 0.012in - 0.013in with a 1.27mm pitch. Ensure efficient thermal conductivity by plugging and tenting the vias with plating and solder mask, respectively. Best thermal performance is achieved with the largest practical copper heat sink area. If the heatsink and amplifier share the same PCB layer, a nominal 2in2 area is necessary for 5V operation with a 4 load. Heatsink areas not placed on the same PCB layer as the LM4859 should be 4in2 for the same supply voltage and load resistance. The last two area recommendations apply for 25C ambient temperature. Increase the area to compensate for ambient temperatures above 25C. In all circumstances and under all conditions, the junction temperature must be held below 150C to prevent activating the LM4859's thermal shutdown protection. An example PCB layout for the exposed-DAP SP package is The "stop" signal ends the transfer. To signal "stop", the data signal goes high while the clock signal is high. The data line should be held high when not in use. I2C INTERFACE POWER SUPPLY PIN (I2CVDD) The LM4859's I2C interface is powered up through the I2CVDD pin. The LM4859's I2C interface operates at a voltage level set by the I2CVDD pin which can be set independent to that of the main power supply pin VDD. This is ideal whenever logic levels for the I2C interface are dictated by a microcontroller or microprocessor that is operating at a lower supply voltage than the main battery of a portable system. NATIONAL 3D ENHANCEMENT The LM4859 features a 3D audio enhancement effect that widens the perceived soundstage from a stereo audio signal. The 3D audio enhancement improves the apparent stereo channel separation whenever the left and right speakers are too close to one another, due to system size constraints or equipment limitations. An external RC network, shown in Figure 1, is required to enable the 3D effect. There are separate RC networks for www.national.com (1) 22 coupling capacitor that single supply, single-ended amplifiers require. Eliminating an output coupling capacitor in a typical single-ended configuration forces a single-supply amplifier's half-supply bias voltage across the load. This increases internal IC power dissipation and may permanently damage loads such as speakers. (Continued) shown in the Demonstration Board Layout section. Further detailed and specific information concerning PCB layout and fabrication and mounting an SP (LLP) is found in National Semiconductor's AN1187. PCB LAYOUT AND SUPPLY REGULATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR DRIVING 3 AND 4 LOADS POWER DISSIPATION Power dissipation is a major concern when designing a successful single-ended or bridged amplifier. A direct consequence of the increased power delivered to the load by a bridge amplifier is higher internal power dissipation. The LM4859 has 2 sets of bridged-tied amplifier pairs driving LLS and RLS. The maximum internal power dissipation operating in the bridge mode is twice that of a singleended amplifier. From Equation (3) and (4), assuming a 5V power supply and an 8 load, the maximum power dissipation for LLS and RLS is 634mW per channel. Power dissipated by a load is a function of the voltage swing across the load and the load's impedance. As load impedance decreases, load dissipation becomes increasingly dependent on the interconnect (PCB trace and wire) resistance between the amplifier output pins and the load's connections. Residual trace resistance causes a voltage drop, which results in power dissipated in the trace and not in the load as desired. For example, 0.1 trace resistance reduces the output power dissipated by a 4 load from 1.6W to 1.5W. The problem of decreased load dissipation is exacerbated as load impedance decreases. Therefore, to maintain the highest load dissipation and widest output voltage swing, PCB traces that connect the output pins to a load must be as wide as possible. Poor power supply regulation adversely affects maximum output power. A poorly regulated supply's output voltage decreases with increasing load current. Reduced supply voltage causes decreased headroom, output signal clipping, and reduced output power. Even with tightly regulated supplies, trace resistance creates the same effects as poor supply regulation. Therefore, making the power supply traces as wide as possible helps maintain full output voltage swing. (3) PDMAX-RLS = 4(VDD)2 / (22 RL): Bridged (4) The LM4859 also has a pair of single-ended amplifiers driving LHP and RHP. The maximum internal power dissipation for ROUT and LOUT is given by equation (5) and (6). From Equations (5) and (6), assuming a 5V power supply and a 32 load, the maximum power dissipation for LOUT and ROUT is 40mW per channel. BRIDGE CONFIGURATION EXPLANATION The LM4859 consists of two sets of bridged-tied amplifier pairs that drive the left loudspeaker (LLS) and the right loudspeaker (RLS). For this discussion, only the LLS bridgetied amplifier pair will be referred to. The LM4859 drives a load, such as a speaker, connected between outputs, LLS+ and LLS-. In the LLS amplifier block, the output of the amplifier that drives LLS- serves as the input to the unity gain inverting amplifier that drives LLS+. PDMAX-LHP = (VDD)2 / (22 RL): Single-ended (5) PDMAX-RHP = (VDD)2 / (22 RL): Single-ended (6) The maximum internal power dissipation of the LM4859 occurs during output modes 3, 8, and 13 when both loudspeaker and headphone amplifiers are simultaneously on; and is given by Equation (7). This results in both amplifiers producing signals identical in magnitude, but 180 out of phase. Taking advantage of this phase difference, a load is placed between LLS- and LLS+ and driven differentially (commonly referred to as 'bridge mode'). This results in a differential or BTL gain of: AVD = 2(Rf / Ri) = 2 PDMAX-LLS = 4(VDD)2 / (22 RL): Bridged PDMAX-TOTAL = PDMAX-LLS + PDMAX-RLS + PDMAX-LHP + PDMAX-RHP (7) The maximum power dissipation point given by Equation (7) must not exceed the power dissipation given by Equation (8): (2) PDMAX' = (TJMAX - TA) / JA Both the feedback resistor, Rf, and the input resistor, Ri, are internally set. Bridge mode amplifiers are different from single-ended amplifiers that drive loads connected between a single amplifier's output and ground. For a given supply voltage, bridge mode has a distinct advantage over the single-ended configuration: its differential output doubles the voltage swing across the load. Theoretically, this produces four times the output power when compared to a single-ended amplifier under the same conditions. This increase in attainable output power assumes that the amplifier is not current limited and that the output signal is not clipped. Another advantage of the differential bridge output is no net DC voltage across the load. This is accomplished by biasing LLS- and LLS+ outputs at half-supply. This eliminates the (8) The LM4859's TJMAX = 150C. In the SP package, the LM4859's JA is 42C/W. At any given ambient temperature TA, use Equation (8) to find the maximum internal power dissipation supported by the IC packaging. Rearranging Equation (8) and substituting PDMAX-TOTAL for PDMAX' results in Equation (9). This equation gives the maximum ambient temperature that still allows maximum stereo power dissipation without violating the LM4859's maximum junction temperature. TA = TJMAX - PDMAX-TOTAL JA 23 (9) www.national.com LM4859 Application Information LM4859 Application Information limited frequency response reap little improvement; by using a large input capacitor. The internal input resistor (Ri) and the input capacitor (Ci) produce a high pass filter cutoff frequency that is found using Equation (13). (Continued) For a typical application with a 5V power supply, stereo 8 loudspeaker load, and the stereo 32 headphone load, the maximum ambient temperature that allows maximum stereo power dissipation without exceeding the maximum junction temperature is approximately 93.4C for the SP package. TJMAX = PDMAX-TOTAL JA + TA fc = 1 / (2RiCi) (10) As an example when using a speaker with a low frequency limit of 50Hz and Ri = 20k, Ci, using Equation (13) is 0.19F. The 0.22F Ci shown in Figure 4 allows the LM4859 to drive high efficiency, full range speaker whose response extends below 40Hz. Equation (10) gives the maximum junction temperature TJMAX. If the result violates the LM4859's 150C, reduce the maximum junction temperature by reducing the power supply voltage or increasing the load resistance. Further allowance should be made for increased ambient temperatures. The above examples assume that a device is a surface mount part operating around the maximum power dissipation point. Since internal power dissipation is a function of output power, higher ambient temperatures are allowed as output power or duty cycle decreases. If the result of Equation (7) is greater than that of Equation (8), then decrease the supply voltage, increase the load impedance, or reduce the ambient temperature. If these measures are insufficient, a heat sink can be added to reduce JA. The heat sink can be created using additional copper area around the package, with connections to the ground pin(s), supply pin and amplifier output pins. External, solder attached SMT heatsinks such as the Thermalloy 7106D can also improve power dissipation. When adding a heat sink, the JA is the sum of JC, CS, and SA. (JC is the junction-to-case thermal impedance, CS is the case-to-sink thermal impedance, and SA is the sink-toambient thermal impedance.) Refer to the Typical Performance Characteristics curves for power dissipation information at lower output power levels. Output Capacitor Value Selection Amplifying the lowest audio frequencies also requires the use of a high value output coupling capacitor (CO in Figure 1). A high value output capacitor can be expensive and may compromise space efficiency in portable design. The speaker load (RL) and the output capacitor (CO) form a high pass filter with a low cutoff frequency determined using Equation (14). fc = 1 / (2RLCO) (12) When using a typical headphone load of RL = 32 with a low frequency limit of 50Hz, CO is 99F. The 100F CO shown in Figure 4 allows the LM4859 to drive a headphone whose frequency response extends below 50Hz. Bypass Capacitor Value Selection Besides minimizing the input capacitor size, careful consideration should be paid to value of CB, the capacitor connected to the BYPASS pin. Since CB determines how fast the LM4859 settles to quiescent operation, its value is critical when minimizing turn-on pops. The slower the LM4859's outputs ramp to their quiescent DC voltage (nominally VDD/ 2), the smaller the turn-on pop. Choosing CB equal to 2.2F along with a small value of Ci (in the range of 0.1F to 0.39F), produces a click-less and pop-less shutdown function. As discussed above, choosing Ci no larger than necessary for the desired bandwidth helps minimize clicks and pops. CB's value should be in the range of 5 times to 10 times the value of Ci. This ensures that output transients are eliminated when the LM4859 transitions in and out of shutdown mode. Connecting a 2.2F capacitor, CB, between the BYPASS pin and ground improves the internal bias voltage's stability and improves the amplifier's PSRR. The PSRR improvements increase as the bypass pin capacitor value increases. However, increasing the value of CB will increase wake-up time. The selection of bypass capacitor value, CB, depends on desired PSRR requirements, click and pop performance, wake-up time, system cost, and size constraints. POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING As with any power amplifier, proper supply bypassing is critical for low noise performance and high power supply rejection. Applications that employ a 5V regulator typically use a 10F in parallel with a 0.1F filter capacitors to stabilize the regulator's output, reduce noise on the supply line, and improve the supply's transient response. However, their presence does not eliminate the need for a local 1.0F tantalum bypass capacitance connected between the LM4859's supply pins and ground. Keep the length of leads and traces that connect capacitors between the LM4859's power supply pin and ground as short as possible. SELECTING EXTERNAL COMPONENTS Input Capacitor Value Selection Amplifying the lowest audio frequencies requires a high value input coupling capacitor (Ci in Figure 1). In many cases, however, the speakers used in portable systems, whether internal or external, have little ability to reproduce signals below 50Hz. Applications using speakers with this www.national.com (11) 24 LM4859 Application Information (Continued) 20106102 FIGURE 4. Reference Design Board Schematic 25 www.national.com LM4859 Demonstration Board Layout 20106162 20106159 Recommended SP PCB Layout: Silkscreen Layer Recommended SP PCB Layout: Top Layer 20106161 20106160 Recommended SP PCB Layout: Mid Layer www.national.com Recommended SP PCB Layout: Bottom Layer 26 LM4859 Revision History Rev Date Description 1.1 6/02/05 Added Modes 9 and 14 into Mode 4 (Conditions) for the Idd under Elect.Char tables 5V and 3V, then re-released D/S to the WEB (per Alvin Fok). (MC) 1.2 06/06/06 Edited the micro SMD markings (per Alvin F.), then re-released D/S to the WEB. 27 www.national.com LM4859 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 30 Bump TL Package Order Number LM4859TL NS Package Number TLA30CZA www.national.com 28 inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) 28 - Lead SP Package Order Number LM4859SP NS Package Number SPA28A National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. 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