A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 60V 1A LED DRIVER WITH AEC-Q100 Description Pin Assignments The ZXLD1362 is a continuous mode inductive step-down converter (Top View) with integrated switch and high side current sense. It operates from an input supply from 6V to 60V driving single or LX multiple series connected LEDs efficiently externally adjustable output current up to 1A. VIN GND The ZXLD1362 has been qualified to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 enabling operation in ambient temperatures from -40C to +125C. ISENSE ADJ The output current can be adjusted by applying a DC voltage or a TSOT25 PWM waveform. 100.1 adjustment of output current is possible using PWM control. Applying 0.2V or lower to the ADJ pin turns the output off and switches the device into a low current standby state. Features * Simple low parts count * Single pin on/off and brightness control using DC voltage or PWM * High efficiency (up to 95%) * Wide input voltage range: 6V to 60V * Up to 1MHz switching frequency * Qualified to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 * Automotive Grade version available (ZXLD1362Q) * Typical 2% output current accuracy * Thermally enhanced TSOT25: JA 82C/W * Available in Green Molding * Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2) * Halogen and Antimony Free. "Green" Device (Note 3) Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant. 2. See http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about Diodes Incorporated's definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green" and Lead-free. 3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green" products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and <1000ppm antimony compounds. Typical Application Circuit VIN 24V C1 4.7F RS L1 0.1 68H VIN ADJ GND ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 C2 100nF SET LX ZXLD1362 GND 1 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Pin Description Name LX GND Pin No. 1 2 Function Drain of NDMOS switch Ground (0V) ADJ 3 Multi-function On/Off and brightness control pin: Leave floating for normal operation.(VADJ = VREF = 1.25V giving nominal average output current IOUTnom = 0.1/RS) Drive to voltage below 0.2V to turn off output current Drive with DC voltage (0.3V < VADJ < 2.5V) to adjust output current from 25% to 200% of IOUTnom Connect a capacitor from this pin to ground to increase soft-start time. Soft-start time increases approximately 200s/nF. ISENSE 4 Connect resistor RS from this pin to VIN to define nominal average output current IOUTnom = 0.1/RS (Note: RSMIN = 0.1 with ADJ pin open circuit) VIN 5 Input voltage (6V to 60V). Decouple to ground with 4.7F of higher X7R ceramic capacitor close to device. Block Diagram VIN D1 L1 RS 5 VIN 5V 4 ISENSE 1 LX R1 Voltage regulator C1 4.7F 0.2V Low voltage detector GND MN ADJ 3 R4 50k R5 20k R2 D1 1.25V R3 1.35V GND GND 2 Figure 1 Block Diagram ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 2 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 4) (@TA = +25C, unless otherwise specified.) Symbol Rating Unit Input Voltage -0.3 to +65 V ISENSE Voltage (Note 5) +0.3 to -5 V VLX LX Output Voltage -0.3 to +65 V VADJ Adjust Pin Input Voltage -0.3 to +6 V 1.25 A 1 W VIN VSENSE Parameter Switch Output Current ILX PTOT Power Dissipation (Refer to Package thermal de-rating curve on page 16) TST Storage Temperature -55 to +150 C TJ MAX Junction Temperature 150 C Note: 4 All voltages unless otherwise stated are measured with respect to GND. 5. VSENSE is measured with respect to VIN. Caution: Stresses greater than the 'Absolute Maximum Ratings' specified above, may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only; functional operation of the device at conditions between maximum recommended operating conditions and absolute maximum ratings is not implied. Device reliability may be affected by exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time. ESD Susceptibility Rating 500 75 Human Body Model Machine Model Caution: Unit V V Semiconductor devices are ESD sensitive and may be damaged by exposure to ESD events. Suitable ESD precautions should be taken when handling and transporting these devices. The human body model is a 100pF capacitor discharge through a 1.5k resistor pin. The machine model is a 200pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. Thermal Resistance Symbol Parameter Rating Unit JA Junction to Ambient 82 C/W JB Junction to Board 33 C/W Recommended Operating Conditions (@TA = +25C, unless otherwise specified.) Symbol Parameter VIN Input Voltage Range (Note 6) ILX Maximum recommended continuous/RMS switch current External control voltage range on ADJ pin for DC brightness control (Note 7) Min Max 6 60 V 1 A 2.5 V DC voltage on ADJ pin to ensure devices is off 0.25 V tONMIN Minimum switch on-time 800 ns fLXmax Recommended maximum operating frequency (Note 8) 625 kHz VADJ VADJoff Notes: 0.3 Units DLX Duty cycle range 0.01 0.99 TA Ambient operating temperature range -40 +125 C 6. VIN > 16V to fully enhance output transistor. Otherwise out current must be derated - see graphs. Operation at low supply may cause excessive heating due to increased on-resistance. Tested at 7V guaranteed for 6V by design. 7. 100% brightness corresponds to VADJ = VADJ(nom) = VREF. Driving the ADJ pin above VREF will increase the VSENSE threshold and output current proportionally. 8. ZXLD1362 will operate at higher frequencies but accuracy will be affected due to propagation delays. ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 3 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Electrical Characteristics (@ VIN = 24V, TA = +25C, unless otherwise specified.) Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit VSU Internal regulator start-up threshold 4.85 V VSD Internal regulator shutdown threshold 4.75 V IINQoff Quiescent supply current with output off ADJ pin grounded 65 IINQon Quiescent supply current with output switching (Note 9) ADJ pin floating, L = 68H, 3 LEDs, f = 260kHz 1.8 Mean current sense threshold voltage (Defines LED current setting accuracy) Measured on ISENSE pin with respect to VIN VADJ = 1.25V VSENSE VSENSEHYS ISENSE VREF VREF/T Sense threshold hysteresis ISENSE pin input current VSENSE = VIN -0.1 Internal reference voltage Measured on ADJ pin with pin floating VADJon DC voltage on ADJ pin to switch device from quiescent (off) state to active (on) state Resistance between ADJ pin and VREF ILXmean RLX LX switch `On' resistance LX switch leakage current DCADJ 10 1.25 tSS Soft start time fLX Operating frequency (See graphs for more details) A V ppm/C 0.3 2.5 V 0.15 0.2 0.27 V VADJ rising 0.2 0.25 0.3 V 0 < VADJ < VREF VADJ > VREF +100mV 30 10.4 50 14.2 65 18 k 1 A 0.5 @ ILX = 1A Duty cycle range of PWM signal applied to ADJ pin PWM frequency <300Hz during low frequency PWM dimming mode PWM amplitude = VREF Measured on ADJ pin Brightness control range DC Brightness control range mV % Continuous LX switch current ILX(leak) DPWM(LF) 105 50 VADJoff RADJ 100 4 Temperature coefficient of VREF A mA 10 External control voltage range on ADJ pin for DC brightness control (Note 7) DC voltage on ADJ pin to switch device from active VADJ falling (on) state to quiescent (off) state VADJ 95 90 Note 10 Time taken for output current to reach 90% of final value after voltage on ADJ pin has risen above 0.3V. Requires external capacitor 22nF. See graphs for more details ADJ pin floating L = 68H (0.1V) IOUT = 1A @ VLED = 3.6V Driving 3 LEDs 0.001 1.0 5 A 1 1000:1 5:1 2 ms 300 kHz tONmin Minimum switch `ON' time LX switch `ON' 130 ns tOFFmin Minimum switch `OFF' time LX switch `OFF' 70 ns Notes: 9. Static current of device is approximately 700A, see Graph, Page 16. 10. Ratio of maximum brightness to minimum brightness before shutdown VREF = 1.25/0.3. VREF externally driven to 2.5V, ratio 10:1. ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 4 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Device Description The device, in conjunction with the coil (L1) and current sense resistor (RS), forms a self-oscillating continuous-mode buck converter. Device operation (refer to Figure 1 - Block diagram and Figure 2 Operating waveforms) Figure 2 Theoretical Operating Waveforms Operation can be best understood by assuming that the ADJ pin of the device is unconnected and the voltage on this pin (VADJ) appears directly at the (+) input of the comparator. When input voltage VIN is first applied, the initial current in L1 and RS is zero and there is no output from the current sense circuit. Under this condition, the (-) input to the comparator is at ground and its output is high. This turns MN on and switches the LX pin low, causing current to flow SENSE from VIN to ground, via RS, L1 and the LED(s). The current rises at a rate determined by VIN and L1 to produce a voltage ramp (V ) across RS. The supply referred voltage VSENSE is forced across internal resistor R1 by the current sense circuit and produces a proportional current in internal resistors R2 and R3. This produces a ground referred rising voltage at the (-) input of the comparator. When this reaches the threshold voltage (VADJ), the comparator output switches low and MN turns off. The comparator output also drives another NMOS switch, which bypasses internal resistor R3 to provide a controlled amount of hysteresis. The hysteresis is set by R3 to be nominally 10% of VADJ. When MN is off, the current in L1 continues to flow via D1 and the LED(s) back to VIN. The current decays at a rate determined by the LED(s) and diode forward voltages to produce a falling voltage at the input of the comparator. When this voltage returns to VADJ, the comparator output switches high again. This cycle of events repeats, with the comparator input ramping between limits of VADJ 10%. ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 5 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Device Description (cont.) Switching Thresholds With VADJ = VREF, the ratios of R1, R2 and R3 define an average VSENSE switching threshold of 100mV (measured on the ISENSE pin with respect to VIN). The average output current IOUTnom is then defined by this voltage and RS according to: IOUTnom = 100mV/RS Nominal ripple current is 10mV/RS Adjusting output current The device contains a low pass filter between the ADJ pin and the threshold comparator and an internal current limiting resistor (50k nom) between ADJ and the internal reference voltage. This allows the ADJ pin to be overdriven with either DC or pulse signals to change the VSENSE switching threshold and adjust the output current. Details of the different modes of adjusting output current are given in the applications section. Output Shutdown The output of the low pass filter drives the shutdown circuit. When the input voltage to this circuit falls below the threshold (0.2V nom.), the internal regulator and the output switch are turned off. The voltage reference remains powered during shutdown to provide the bias current for the shutdown circuit. Quiescent supply current during shutdown is nominally 60A and switch leakage is below 5A. Actual Operating Waveforms VIN = 30V, RS = 0.1V, L = 100H Normal Operation. Output Current (Ch1) and LX Voltage (Ch2) VIN = 15V, RS = 0.1V, L = 100H Normal operation. Output Current (Ch1) and LX Voltage (Ch2) VIN = 60V, RS = 0.1V, L = 100H Normal Operation. Output Current (Ch1) and LX Voltage (Ch2) ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 6 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Typical Characteristics ZXLD1362 Output Current L = 68H 1100 1090 1080 Output Current (mA) 1070 1060 1050 1040 1030 1020 1010 1000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Supply Voltage (V) 1 LED 3 LED 5 LED 7 LED 9 LED 11 LED 13 LED 15 LED ZXLD1362 Output Current L = 68H 10% 8% Output Current Deviation 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% -4% -6% -8% -10% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Supply Voltage (V) 1 LED 3 LED 5 LED 7 LED 9 LED 11 LED 13 LED 15 LED ZXLD1362 Efficiency L = 68H 100% Efficiency (%) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 0 10 1 LED ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 20 3 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 5 LED 7 LED 9 LED 7 of 25 www.diodes.com 50 11 LED 60 13 LED 70 15 LED March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Typical Characteristics (cont.) ZXLD1362 Switching Frequency L = 68H 500 Switching Frequency (kHz) 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 1 LED 20 3 LED 5 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 7 LED 9 LED 50 11 LED 60 13 LED 70 15 LED ZXLD1362 Duty Cycle L = 68H 100 90 80 Duty Cycle (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 1 LED ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 20 3 LED 5 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 7 LED 9 LED 8 of 25 www.diodes.com 50 11 LED 60 13 LED 70 15 LED March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Typical Characteristics (cont.) ZXLD1362 Output Current L = 100H 1100 1090 1080 Output Current (mA) 1070 1060 1050 1040 1030 1020 1010 1000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Supply Voltage (V) 1 LED 3 LED 5 LED 7 LED 9 LED 11 LED 13 LED 15 LED ZXLD1362 Output Current L = 100H 10% 8% Output Current Deviation 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% -4% -6% -8% -10% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 11 LED 13 LED 70 Supply Voltage (V) 1 LED 3 LED 5 LED 7 LED 9 LED 15 LED ZXLD1362 Efficiency L = 100H 100% Efficiency (%) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 0 10 1 LED ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 20 3 LED 5 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 7 LED 9 LED 9 of 25 www.diodes.com 50 11 LED 60 13 LED 70 15 LED March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Typical Characteristics (cont.) ZXLD1362 Switching Frequency L = 100H 500 Switching Frequency (kHz) 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 1 LED 20 3 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 5 LED 7 LED 9 LED 50 11 LED 60 13 LED 70 15 LED ZXLD1362 Switching Frequency L = 100H 100 90 80 Duty Cycle (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 1 LED ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 20 3 LED 5 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 7 LED 9 LED 10 of 25 www.diodes.com 50 11 LED 60 13 LED 70 15 LED March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Typical Characteristics (cont.) ZXLD1362 Output Current L = 150H 1100 1090 Output Current (mA) 1080 1070 1060 1050 1040 1030 1020 1010 1000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Supply Voltage (V) 1 LED 3 LED 5 LED 7 LED 9 LED 11 LED 13 LED 15 LED ZXLD1362 Output Current L = 150H 10% 8% Output Current Deviation 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% -4% -6% -8% -10% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Supply Voltage (V) 1 LED 3 LED 5 LED 7 LED 9 LED 11 LED 13 LED 15 LED ZXLD1362 Efficiency L = 150H 100% Efficiency (%) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Supply Voltage (V) 1 LED ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 3 LED 5 LED 7 LED 9 LED 11 of 25 www.diodes.com 11 LED 13 LED 15 LED March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Typical Characteristics (cont.) ZXLD1362 Switching Frequency L = 150H 500 Switching Frequency (kHz) 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 1 LED 20 3 LED 5 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 7 LED 9 LED 50 60 11 LED 13 LED 50 60 70 15 LED ZXLD1362 Duty Cycle L = 150H 100 90 80 Duty Cycle (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 1 LED ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 20 3 LED 5 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 7 LED 9 LED 12 of 25 www.diodes.com 11 LED 13 LED 70 15 LED March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Typical Characteristics (cont.) ZXLD1362 Output Current L = 220H 1100 1090 1080 Output Current (mA) 1070 1060 1050 1040 1030 1020 1010 1000 0 10 1 LED 20 3 LED 5 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 7 LED 9 LED 50 11 LED 60 13 LED 70 15 LED ZXLD1362 Output Current L = 220H 10% 8% Output Current Deviation 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% -4% -6% -8% -10% 0 10 1 LED 20 3 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 5 LED 7 LED 9 LED 50 11 LED 60 13 LED 70 15 LED ZXLD1362 Efficiency L = 220H 100% Efficiency (%) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 0 10 1 LED ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 20 3 LED 5 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 7 LED 9 LED 13 of 25 www.diodes.com 50 11 LED 60 13 LED 70 15 LED March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Typical Characteristics (cont.) ZXLD1362 Switching Frequency L = 2200H 500 Switching Frequency (kHz) 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 1 LED 20 3 LED 5 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 50 7 LED 9 LED ZXLD1362 Duty Cycle L = 2200H 11 LED 30 40 Supply Voltage (V) 50 60 13 LED 70 15 LED 100 90 80 Duty Cycle (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 1 LED ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 20 3 LED 5 LED 7 LED 9 LED 14 of 25 www.diodes.com 11 LED 60 13 LED 70 15 LED March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Typical Characteristics (cont.) LED Current vs Vadj 1200 1000 LED Current (mA) 800 600 400 200 0 0 1 2 3 ADJ Pin Voltage (V) R=100m R=150m R=330m Supply current 800 Supply current (mA) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 Supply voltage (V) 50 60 70 Vref ADJ pin voltage (V) 1.243 1.2425 1.242 1.2415 1.241 1.2405 1.24 1.2395 1.239 1.2385 1.238 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Supply voltage (V) Shutdow n current Shutdown current (mA) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Supply voltage (V) ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 15 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Typical Characteristics (cont.) Lx on-resistance vs supply voltage 1.6 On-resistance (Ohms) 1.4 1.2 1 -40C 20C 150C 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Supply Voltage (V) Vadj vs Temperature 1.262 1.26 1.258 Vadj (V) 1.256 7V 9V 12V 20V 30V 1.254 1.252 1.25 1.248 1.246 1.244 -50 0 50 100 Temperature (C) 150 200 Lx on-resistance vs die temperature 1.6 On-resistance (Ohms) 1.4 1.2 1 7V 9V 12V 20V 30V 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -50 ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 0 50 100 Die Temperature (C) 16 of 25 www.diodes.com 150 200 March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Application Information Setting Nominal Average Output Current with External Resistor RS The nominal average output current in the LED(s) is determined by the value of the external current sense resistor (RS) connected between VIN and ISENSE and is given by: IOUTnom = 0.1/RS [for RS > 0.1] The table below gives values of nominal average output current for several preferred values of current setting resistor (RS) in the typical application circuit shown on page 1: RS () Nominal Average Output Current (mA) 0.1 0.13 0.15 1000 760 667 The above values assume that the ADJ pin is floating and at a nominal voltage of VREF (= 1.25V). Note that RS = 0.1 is the minimum allowed value of sense resistor under these conditions to maintain switch current below the specified maximum value. It is possible to use different values of RS if the ADJ pin is driven from an external voltage. (See next section). Output Current Adjustment by External DC Control Voltage The ADJ pin can be driven by an external dc voltage (VADJ), as shown, to adjust the output current to a value above or below the nominal average value defined by RS. ZXLD1362 ADJ + GND DC GND The nominal average output current in this case is given by: IOUTdc = (VADJ /1.25) x (100mV/RS) [for 0.3< VADJ <2.5V] Note that 100% brightness setting corresponds to VADJ = VREF. When driving the ADJ pin above 1.25V, RS must be increased in proportion to prevent IOUTdc exceeding 1A maximum. The input impedance of the ADJ pin is 50k 25% for voltages below VREF and 14.2k 25% for voltages above VREF +100mV. Output Current Adjustment by PWM Control Directly driving ADJ input A Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signal with duty cycle DPWM can be applied to the ADJ pin, as shown below, to adjust the output current to a value above or below the nominal average value set by resistor RS: PWM VADJ ADJ 0V ZXLD1362 GND GND ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 17 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Application Information (cont.) Driving the ADJ Input via Open Collector Transistor The recommended method of driving the ADJ pin and controlling the amplitude of the PWM waveform is to use a small NPN switching transistor as shown below: ADJ PWM ZXLD1362 GND GND This scheme uses the 50k resistor between the ADJ pin and the internal voltage reference as a pull-up resistor for the external transistor. Driving the ADJ Input from a Microcontroller Another possibility is to drive the device from the open drain output of a microcontroller. The diagram below shows one method of doing this: MCU 3.3k ADJ ZXLD1362 GND If the NMOS transistor within the microcontroller has high Gate / Drain capacitance, this arrangement can inject a negative spike into ADJ input of the 1362 and cause erratic operation but the addition of a Schottky clamp diode (cathode to ADJ) to ground and inclusion of a series resistor (3.3k) will prevent this. See the section on PWM dimming for more details of the various modes of control using high frequency and low frequency PWM signals. Shutdown Mode Taking the ADJ pin to a voltage below 0.2V for more than approximately 100s will turn off the output and supply current to a low standby level of 20A nominal. Note that the ADJ pin is not a logic input. Taking the ADJ pin to a voltage above VREF will increase output current above the 100% nominal average value. (See page 18 graphs for details). Soft-Start An external capacitor from the ADJ pin to ground will provide a soft-start delay, by increasing the time taken for the voltage on this pin to rise to the turn-on threshold and by slowing down the rate of rise of the control voltage at the input of the comparator. Adding capacitance increases this delay by approximately 200s/nF. The graph below shows the variation of soft-start time for different values of capacitor. 16 VIN = 24V, RS = 0.1, L = 68H, 22nF on ADJ Soft-start operation. Output current (Ch2) and LX voltage (Ch1) SOFT START TIME (ms) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 0 20 40 60 80 100 CAPACITANCE (nF) Soft Start Time vs. Capacitance from ADJ Pin to Ground ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 120 18 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Application Information (cont.) VIN Capacitor Selection A low ESR capacitor should be used for input decoupling, as the ESR of this capacitor appears in series with the supply source impedance and lowers overall efficiency. This capacitor has to supply the relatively high peak current to the coil and smooth the current ripple on the input supply. To avoid transients into the IC, the size of the input capacitor will depend on the VIN voltage: VIN = 6 to 40V CIN = 2.2F VIN = 40 to 50V CIN = 4.7F VIN = 50 to 60V CIN = 10F When the input voltage is approaches the output voltage the input current will increase putting more demand on the input capacitor. The minimum value of 2.2F may need to be increased to 4.7F; higher values will improve performance at lower input voltages, especially when the source impedance is high. The input capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the IC. For maximum stability over temperature and voltage, capacitors with X7R, X5R, or better dielectric is recommended. Capacitors with Y5V dielectric are not suitable for decoupling in this application and should NOT be used. If higher voltages are used and the CIN is 10F. This can be an electrolytic capacitor provided a suitable 1F ceramic capacitor is also used and positioned as close the VIN of the IC as possible. A suitable capacitor would be NACEW100M1006.3x8TR13F. The following web sites are useful when finding alternatives: www.murata.com www.niccomp.com www.kemet.com Inductor Selection Recommended inductor values for the ZXLD1362 are in the range 68H to 220H. Higher values of inductance are recommended at higher supply voltages in order to minimize errors due to switching delays, which result in increased ripple and lower efficiency. Higher values of inductance also result in a smaller change in output current over the supply voltage range. (see graphs pages 10 - 17). The inductor should be mounted as close to the device as possible with low resistance connections to the LX and VIN pins. The chosen coil should have a saturation current higher than the peak output current and a continuous current rating above the required mean output current. Suitable coils for use with the ZXLD1362 may be selected from the MSS range manufactured by Coilcraft, or the NPIS range manufactured by NIC components. The following websites may be useful in finding suitable components. www.coilcraft.com www.niccomp.com www.wuerth-elektronik.de The inductor value should be chosen to maintain operating duty cycle and switch 'on'/'off' times within the specified limits over the supply voltage and load current range. ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 19 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Application Information (cont.) The graph Figure 3 below can be used to select a recommended inductor based on maintaining the ZXLD1362 case temperature below 60C. For detailed performance characteristics for the inductor values 68, 100, 150 and 220H see graphs on pages 10-17. ZXLD1362 Minimum Recommended Inductor Aluminium board, 2%Accuracy, <60C CaseTemperature 16 15 14 13 12 Number of LEDs 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Supply Voltage (V) Figure 3 ZXLD1362 Minimum Recommended Inductor Diode Selection For maximum efficiency and performance, the rectifier (D1) should be a fast low capacitance Schottky diode* with low reverse leakage at the maximum operating voltage and temperature. They also provide better efficiency than silicon diodes, due to a combination of lower forward voltage and reduced recovery time. It is important to select parts with a peak current rating above the peak coil current and a continuous current rating higher than the maximum output load current. It is very important to consider the reverse leakage of the diode when operating above +85C. Excess leakage will increase the power dissipation in the device and if close to the load may create a thermal runaway condition. The higher forward voltage and overshoot due to reverse recovery time in silicon diodes will increase the peak voltage on the LX output. If a silicon diode is used, care should be taken to ensure that the total voltage appearing on the LX pin including supply ripple, does not exceed the specified maximum value. *A suitable Schottky diode would be PDS3100. ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 20 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Application Information (cont.) Reducing Output Ripple Peak to peak ripple current in the LED(s) can be reduced, if required, by shunting a capacitor Cled across the LED(s) as shown below: Rs VIN LED Cled L1 D1 VIN ISE NSE LX ZXLD1362 A value of 1F will reduce the supply ripple current by a factor three (approx.). Proportionally lower ripple can be achieved with higher capacitor values. Note that the capacitor will not affect operating frequency or efficiency, but it will increase start-up delay, by reducing the rate of rise of LED voltage. By adding this capacitor the current waveform through the LED(s) changes from a triangular ramp to a more sinusoidal version without altering the mean current value. Operation at Low Supply Voltage Below the under-voltage lockout threshold (VSD) the drive to the output transistor is turned off to prevent device operation with excessive onresistance of the output transistor. The output transistor is not full enhanced until the supply voltage exceeds approximately 17V. At supply voltages between VSD and 17V care must be taken to avoid excessive power dissipation due to the on-resistance. If the supply voltage is always less than 30V continuous an alternative device is available, the ZXLD1360 or the AL8805. Note that when driving loads of two or more LEDs, the forward drop will normally be sufficient to prevent the device from switching below approximately 6V. This will minimize the risk of damage to the device. ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 21 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Application Information (cont.) Thermal Considerations When operating the device at high ambient temperatures, or when driving maximum load current, care must be taken to avoid exceeding the 2 package power dissipation limits. The graph below gives details for power derating. This assumes the device to be mounted on a 25mm PCB with 1oz copper standing in still air. 1100 1000 900 POWER (mW) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (C) Maximum Power Dissipation Note that the device power dissipation will most often be a maximum at minimum supply voltage. It will also increase if the efficiency of the circuit is low. This may result from the use of unsuitable coils, or excessive parasitic output capacitance on the switch output. Thermal Compensation of Output Current High luminance LEDs often need to be supplied with a temperature compensated current in order to maintain stable and reliable operation at all drive levels. The LEDs are usually mounted remotely from the device so, for this reason, the temperature coefficients of the internal circuits for the ZXLD1362 have been optimized to minimize the change in output current when no compensation is employed. If output current compensation is required, it is possible to use an external temperature sensing network - normally using Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors and/or diodes, mounted very close to the LED(s). The output of the sensing network can be used to drive the ADJ pin in order to reduce output current with increasing temperature. Layout Considerations LX Pin The LX pin of the device is a fast switching node, so PCB tracks should be kept as short as possible. To minimize ground 'bounce', the ground pin of the device should be soldered directly to the ground plane. Coil and Decoupling Capacitors and Current Sense Resistor It is particularly important to mount the coil and the input decoupling capacitor as close to the device pins as possible to minimize parasitic resistance and inductance, which will degrade efficiency. It is also important to minimize any track resistance in series with current sense resistor RS. Its best to connect VIN directly to one end of RS and ISENSE directly to the opposite end of RS with no other currents flowing in these tracks. It is important that the cathode current of the Schottky diode does not flow in a track between RS and VIN as this may give an apparent higher measure of current than is actual because of track resistance. ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 22 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Application Information (cont.) ADJ Pin The ADJ pin is a high impedance input for voltages up to 1.35V so, when left floating, PCB tracks to this pin should be as short as possible to reduce noise pickup. A 100nF capacitor from the ADJ pin to ground will reduce frequency modulation of the output under these conditions. An additional series 3.3k resistor can also be used when driving the ADJ pin from an external circuit (see below). This resistor will provide filtering for low frequency noise and provide protection against high voltage transients. 3.3k ADJ 100nF ZXLD1362 GND GND High Voltage Tracks Avoid running any high voltage tracks close to the ADJ pin, to reduce the risk of leakage currents due to board contamination. The ADJ pin is soft-clamped for voltages above 1.35V to desensitize it to leakage that might raise the ADJ pin voltage and cause excessive output current. However, a ground ring placed around the ADJ pin is recommended to minimize changes in output current under these conditions. Evaluation PCB ZXLD1362 evaluation boards are available on request and provide quick testing of the ZXLD1362 device. Dimming Output Current Using PWM Low Frequency PWM Mode When the ADJ pin is driven with a low frequency PWM signal (eg 100Hz), with a high level voltage VADJ and a low level of zero, the output of the internal low pass filter will swing between 0V and VADJ, causing the input to the shutdown circuit to fall below its turn-off threshold (200mV nom) when the ADJ pin is low. This will cause the output current to be switched on and off at the PWM frequency, resulting in an average output current IOUTavg proportional to the PWM duty cycle. (See Figure 4 - Low frequency PWM operating waveforms). Figure 4 Low Frequency PWM Operating Waveforms The average value of output current in this mode is given by: IOUTavg = 0.1DPWM/RS [for DPWM >0.001] This mode is preferable if optimum LED 'whiteness' is required. It will also provide the widest possible dimming range (approx. 1000:1) and higher efficiency at the expense of greater output ripple. ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 23 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Ordering Information Device (Note 12) ZXLD1362ET5TA ZXLD1362QET5TA Note: 1362 Package Code ET5 1362 ET5 Part Mark TSOT25 Reel size (mm) 180 Reel width (mm) 8 Quantity per reel 3000 TSOT25 180 8 3000 Packaging Part Number Qualification Suffix (Note 11) TA AEC-Q100 grade 1 TA Automotive Grade 11. ZXLD1362QET5 is classified as "Automotive Grade" and supports PPAP documentation. See ZXLD1362Q datasheet for more information. Marking Information Package Outline Dimensions Please see AP02002 at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02002.pdf for latest version. D e1 E E1 L2 c 4x 1 e L 5x b A A2 A1 ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 24 of 25 www.diodes.com TSOT25 Dim Min Max Typ A 1.00 - - A1 0.01 0.10 - A2 0.84 0.90 - D 2.90 - - E 2.80 - - E1 1.60 - - b 0.30 0.45 - c 0.12 0.20 - e 0.95 - - e1 1.90 - - L 0.30 0.50 L2 0.25 - - 0 8 4 1 4 12 - All Dimensions in mm March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated A Product Line of Diodes Incorporated ZXLD1362 Suggested Pad Layout Please see AP02001 at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf for latest version. C C Dimensions Value (in mm) C 0.950 X 0.700 Y 1.000 Y1 3.199 Y1 Y (5x) X (5x) IMPORTANT NOTICE DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION). Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does Diodes Incorporated convey any license under its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. Any Customer or user of this document or products described herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on Diodes Incorporated website, harmless against all damages. Diodes Incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthorized sales channel. Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application. Products described herein may be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign patents pending. Product names and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign trademarks. This document is written in English but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. Only the English version of this document is the final and determinative format released by Diodes Incorporated. LIFE SUPPORT Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein: A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support devices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related information or support that may be provided by Diodes Incorporated. Further, Customers must fully indemnify Diodes Incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems. Copyright (c) 2014, Diodes Incorporated www.diodes.com ZXLD1362 Document number: DS33472 Rev. 6 - 2 25 of 25 www.diodes.com March 2014 (c) Diodes Incorporated Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing, Inventory, Delivery & Lifecycle Information: Diodes Incorporated: ZXLD1362QET5TA