LM611 LM611 Operational Amplifier and Adjustable Reference Literature Number: SNOSC08B LM611 Operational Amplifier and Adjustable Reference General Description Features The LM611 consists of a single-supply op-amp and a programmable voltage reference in one space saving 8-pin package. The op-amp out-performs most single-supply opamps by providing higher speed and bandwidth along with low supply current. This device was specifically designed to lower cost and board space requirements in transducer, test, measurement and data acquisition systems. OP AMP n Low operating current: 300 A (op amp) n Wide supply voltage range: 4V to 36V n Wide common-mode range: V- to (V+-1.8V) n Wide differential input voltage: 36V n Available in low cost 8-pin DIP n Available in plastic package rated for Military Temperature Range Operation Combining a stable voltage reference with a wide output swing op-amp makes the LM611 ideal for single supply transducers, signal conditioning and bridge driving where large common-mode signals are common. The voltage reference consists of a reliable band-gap design that maintains low dynamic output impedance (1 typical), excellent initial tolerance (0.6%), and the ability to be programmed from 1.2V to 6.3V via two external resistors. The voltage reference is very stable even when driving large capacitive loads, as are commonly encountered in CMOS data acquisition systems. As a member of National's Super-BlockTM family, the LM611 is a space-saving monolithic alternative to a multi-chip solution, offering a high level of integration without sacrificing performance. REFERENCE n Adjustable output voltage: 1.2V to 6.3V n Tight initial tolerance available: 0.6% n Wide operating current range: 17 A to 20 mA n Reference floats above ground n Tolerant of load capacitance Applications n n n n Transducer bridge driver Process and Mass Flow Control systems Power supply voltage monitor Buffered voltage references for A/D's Connection Diagrams 00922101 00922102 Super-BlockTM is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. (c) 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation DS009221 www.national.com LM611 Operational Amplifier and Adjustable Reference August 2000 LM611 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Maximum Junction Temperature If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Ambient (Note 3) Voltage on Any Pins Except VR N Package 100C/W M Package 150C/W Soldering Information Soldering (10 seconds) (referred to V- pin) (Note 2) 36V (Max) N Package -0.3V (Min) M Package Current through Any Input Pin and 260C 220C 1 kV ESD Tolerance (Note 4) 20 mA VR Pin Operating Temperature Range Differential Input Voltage Commercial -40CTJ+85C LM611AI, LM611I, LM611BI 36V 32V Military and Industrial Storage Temperature Range 150C -55CTJ+125C LM611AM, LM611M 0CTJ70C LM611C -65CTJ+150C Electrical Characteristics These specifications apply for V- = GND = 0V, V+ = 5V, VCM = VOUT = 2.5V, IR = 100 A, FEEDBACK pin shorted to GND, unless otherwise specified. Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25C; limits in boldface type apply over the Operating Temperature Range. LM611M Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 5) LM611AM LM611BI LM611AI LM611I Limits LM611C (Note 6) Units Limits (Note 6) IS Total Supply Current RLOAD = , 210 300 350 A max 4V V 36V (32V for LM611C) 221 320 370 A max 2.2 2.8 2.8 V min 2.9 3 3 V min 46 36 32 V max 43 36 32 V max 4V V+ 36V 1.5 3.5 5.0 mV max (4V V 32V for LM611C) 2.0 6.0 7.0 mV max VCM = 0V through VCM = 1.0 3.5 5.0 mV max 1.5 6.0 7.0 mV max + VS Supply Voltage Range OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER VOS1 VOS Over Supply + VOS2 VOS Over VCM (V+ - 1.8V), V+ = 30V, V- = 0V Average VOS Drift (Note 6) V/C 15 max IB IOS Input Bias Current Input Offset Current Average Offset Drift Current RIN Input Resistance 10 25 35 nA max 11 30 40 nA max 0.2 4 4 nA max 0.3 5 5 nA max 4 pA/C Differential 1800 M Common-Mode 3800 M pF CIN Input Capacitance Common-Mode 5.7 en Voltage Noise f = 100 Hz, Input Referred 74 In Current Noise f = 100 Hz, Input Referred 58 www.national.com 2 (Continued) These specifications apply for V- = GND = 0V, V+ = 5V, VCM = VOUT = 2.5V, IR = 100 A, FEEDBACK pin shorted to GND, unless otherwise specified. Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25C; limits in boldface type apply over the Operating Temperature Range. LM611M Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 5) LM611AM LM611BI LM611AI LM611I Limits LM611C (Note 6) Units Limits (Note 6) OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER Common-Mode V+ = 30V, 0V VCM (V+ - 1.8V) 95 80 75 Rejection-Ratio CMRR = 20 log (VCM/VOS) 90 75 70 dB min Power Supply 4V V+ 30V, VCM = V+/2, 110 80 75 dB min Rejection-Ratio PSRR = 20 log (V+/VOS) 100 75 70 dB min Open Loop RL = 10 k to GND, V+ = 30V, 500 100 94 V/mV Voltage Gain 5V VOUT 25V 50 40 40 min SR Slew Rate V+ = 30V (Note 7) 0.70 0.55 0.50 V/s 0.65 0.45 0.45 GBW Gain Bandwidth CL = 50 pF 0.80 CMRR PSRR AV dB min MHz 0.50 VO1 VO2 IOUT ISINK ISHORT Output Voltage V+ - 1.4 RL = 10 k to GND + V+ - 1.7 V min V = 36V (32V for LM611C) V - 1.6 V - 1.9 V+ - 1.9 V min Output Voltage RL = 10 k to V+ V- + 0.8 V- + 0.9 V- + 0.95 V max Swing Low V = 36V (32V for LM611C) Output Source VOUT = 2.5V, V+IN = 0V, - + V+ - 1.8 Swing High + + - - V + 0.9 V + 1.0 V + 1.0 V max 25 20 16 mA min Current V-IN = -0.3V 15 13 13 mA min Output Sink VOUT = 1.6V, V+IN = 0V, 17 14 13 mA min Current V-IN = 0.3V 9 8 8 mA min Short Circuit Current VOUT = 0V, V+IN = 3V, 30 50 50 mA max V-IN = 2V, Source 40 60 60 mA max VOUT = 5V, V+IN = 2V, 30 60 70 mA max V-IN = 3V, Sink 32 80 90 mA max 1.244 1.2365 1.2191 V min V max VOLTAGE REFERENCE VR Reference Voltage (Note 8) Average Temperature Drift (Note 9) Hysteresis Hyst = (Vro' - Vro)/TJ (Note 10) 10 1.2515 1.2689 ( 0.6%) ( 2.0%) 80 150 3.2 VR Change VR(100 A) - VR(17 A) with Current R PPM/C max V/C 0.05 1 1 mV max 0.1 1.1 1.1 mV max VR(10 mA) - VR(100 A) 1.5 5 5 mV max (Note 11) 2.0 5.5 5.5 mV max VR(100.1 mA)/9.9 mA 0.2 0.56 0.56 max VR(10017 A)/83 A 0.6 13 13 max VR Change with VR(Vro = Vr) - VR(Vro = 6.3V) 2.5 7 7 mV max High VRO (5.06V between Anode and FEEDBACK) 2.8 10 10 mV max Resistance 3 www.national.com LM611 Electrical Characteristics LM611 Electrical Characteristics (Continued) These specifications apply for V- = GND = 0V, V+ = 5V, VCM = VOUT = 2.5V, IR = 100 A, FEEDBACK pin shorted to GND, unless otherwise specified. Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25C; limits in boldface type apply over the Operating Temperature Range. LM611M Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 5) LM611AM LM611BI LM611AI LM611I Limits LM611C (Note 6) Units Limits (Note 6) VOLTAGE REFERENCE IFB VR Change with VR(V+ = 5V) - VR(V+ = 36V) 0.1 1.2 1.2 V+ Change (V+ = 32V for LM611C) 0.1 1.3 1.3 mV max VR(V+ = 5V) - VR(V+ = 3V) 0.01 1 1 mV max 0.01 1.5 1.5 mV max VR Change with V+ = V+ max, VR = VR VANODE Change (@ VANODE = V- = GND) - VR 0.7 1.5 1.6 mV max (@ VANODE = V+ - 1.0V) 3.3 3.0 3.0 mV max IFB; VANODE VFB 5.06V 22 35 50 nA max 29 40 55 nA max FEEDBACK Bias Current en mV max VR Noise 10 Hz to 10,000 Hz, VRO = VR 30 VRMS Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device beyond its rated operating conditions. Note 2: More accurately, it is excessive current flow, with resulting excess heating, that limits the voltages on all pins. When any pin is pulled a diode drop below V-, a parasitic NPN transistor turns ON. No latch-up will occur as long as the current through that pin remains below the Maximum Rating. Operation is undefined and unpredictable when any parasitic diode or transistor is conducting. Note 3: Junction temperature may be calculated using TJ = TA + PD JA. The given thermal resistance is worst-case for packages in sockets in still air. For packages soldered to copper-clad board with dissipation from one op amp or reference output transistor, nominal JA is 90C/W for the N package and 135C/W for the M package. Note 4: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 k resistor. Note 5: Typical values in standard typeface are for TJ = 25C; values in boldface type apply for the full operating temperature range. These values represent the most likely parametric norm. Note 6: All limits are guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) or at operating temperature extremes (bold face type). Note 7: Slew rate is measured with op amp in a voltage follower configuration. For rising slew rate, the input voltage is driven from 5V to 25V, and the output voltage transition is sampled at 10V and 20V. For falling slew rate, the input voltage is driven from 25V to 5V, and output voltage transition is sampled at 20V and 10V. Note 8: VR is the cathode-feedback voltage, nominally 1.244V. Note 9: Average reference drift is calculated from the measurement of the reference voltage at 25C and at the temperature extremes. The drift, in ppm/C, is 106 * VR/(VR[25C] * TJ), where VR is the lowest value subtracted from the highest, VR[25C] is the value at 25C, and TJ is the temperature range. This parameter is guaranteed by design and sample testing. Note 10: Hysteresis is the change in VR caused by a change in TJ, after the reference has been "dehysterized". To dehysterize the reference; that is minimize the hysteresis to the typical value, its junction temperature should be cycled in the following pattern, spiraling in toward 25C: 25C, 85C, -40C, 70C, 0C, 25C. Note 11: Low contact resistance is required for accurate measurement. Note 12: Military RETS 611AMX electrical test specification is available on request. The LM611AMJ/883 can also be procured as a Standard Military Drawing. www.national.com 4 LM611 Typical Performance Characteristics (Reference) TJ = 25C, FEEDBACK pin shorted to V- = 0V, unless otherwise noted Reference Voltage vs Temp on 5 Representative Units Reference Voltage Drift 00922134 00922133 Accelerated Reference Voltage Drift vs Time Reference Voltage vs Current and Temperature 00922135 00922136 Reference Voltage vs Current and Temperature Reference Voltage vs Reference Current 00922138 00922137 5 www.national.com LM611 Typical Performance Characteristics (Reference) TJ = 25C, FEEDBACK pin shorted to V- = 0V, unless otherwise noted (Continued) Reference Voltage vs Reference Current Reference AC Stability Range 00922139 00922140 Feedback Current vs Feedback-to-Anode Voltage Feedback Current vs Feedback-to-Anode Voltage 00922141 00922142 Reference Noise Voltage vs Frequency Reference Small-Signal Resistance vs Frequency 00922143 www.national.com 00922144 6 0V, unless otherwise noted (Continued) Reference Voltage with Feedback Voltage Step Reference Power-Up Time 00922145 00922146 Reference Step Response for 100 A 10 mA Current Step Reference Voltage with 10012 A Current Step 00922147 00922148 Reference Voltage Change with Supply Voltage Step 00922149 7 www.national.com LM611 Typical Performance Characteristics (Reference) TJ = 25C, FEEDBACK pin shorted to V- = LM611 Typical Performance Characteristics (Op Amps) V+ = 5V, V- = GND = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VOUT = V+/2, TJ = 25C, unless otherwise noted VOS vs Junction Temperature Input Common-Mode Voltage Range vs Temperature 00922151 00922150 Input Bias Current vs Common-Mode Voltage Reference Change vs Common-Mode Voltage 00922152 00922153 Large-Signal Step Response Output Voltage Swing vs Temp. and Current 00922154 www.national.com 00922155 8 = V+/2, TJ = 25C, unless otherwise noted (Continued) Output Source Current vs Output Voltage and Temp. Output Sink Current vs Output Voltage 00922157 00922156 Output Swing, Large Signal Output Impedance vs Frequency and Gain 00922158 00922159 Small Signal Pulse Response vs Temp. Small-Signal Pulse Response vs Load 00922160 00922161 9 www.national.com LM611 Typical Performance Characteristics (Op Amps) V+ = 5V, V- = GND = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VOUT LM611 Typical Performance Characteristics (Op Amps) V+ = 5V, V- = GND = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VOUT = V+/2, TJ = 25C, unless otherwise noted (Continued) Op Amp Voltage Noise vs Frequency Op Amp Current Noise vs Frequency 00922162 00922163 Small-Signal Voltage Gain vs Frequency and Temperature Small-Signal Voltage Gain vs Frequency and Load 00922165 00922164 Follower Small-Signal Frequency Response Common-Mode Input Voltage Rejection Ratio 00922167 00922166 www.national.com 10 = V+/2, TJ = 25C, unless otherwise noted (Continued) Power Supply Current vs Power Supply Voltage Positive Power Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio 00922169 00922168 Negative Power Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio Slew Rate vs Temperature 00922170 00922171 Input Offset Current vs Junction Temperature Input Bias Current vs Junction Temperature 00922173 00922172 11 www.national.com LM611 Typical Performance Characteristics (Op Amps) V+ = 5V, V- = GND = 0V, VCM = V+/2, VOUT LM611 Typical Performance Distributions Average VOS Drift Military Temperature Range Average VOS Drift Industrial Temperature Range 00922174 00922175 Average VOS Drift Commercial Temperature Range Average IOS Drift Military Temperature Range 00922176 00922177 Average IOS Drift Industrial Temperature Range Average IOS Drift Commercial Temperature Range 00922178 www.national.com 00922179 12 LM611 Typical Performance Distributions (Continued) Voltage Reference Broad-Band Noise Distribution Op Amp Voltage Noise Distribution 00922181 00922180 Op Amp Current Noise Distribution 00922114 FIGURE 1. Voltages Associated with Reference (Current Source Ir is External) The reference equivalent circuit reveals how Vr is held at the constant 1.2V by feedback, and how the FEEDBACK pin passes little current. To generate the required reverse current, typically a resistor is connected from a supply voltage higher than the reference voltage. Varying that voltage, and so varying Ir, has small effect with the equivalent series resistance of less than an ohm at the higher currents. Alternatively, an active current source, such as the LM134 series, may generate Ir. 00922182 Application Information VOLTAGE REFERENCE Reference Biasing The voltage reference is of a shunt regulator topology that models as a simple zener diode. With current Ir flowing in the `forward' direction there is the familiar diode transfer function. Ir flowing in the reverse direction forces the reference voltage to be developed from cathode to anode. The applied voltage to the cathode may range from a diode drop below V- to the reference voltage or to the avalanche voltage of the parallel protection diode, nominally 7V. A 6.3V reference with V+ = 3V is allowed. 00922115 FIGURE 2. Reference Equivalent Circuit 13 www.national.com LM611 Application Information R2 = R1 {(Vro/Vr) - 1} = 39k {(5/1.24) - 1)} = 118k (Continued) FIGURE 5. Resistors R1 and R2 Program Reference Output Voltage to be 5V Understanding that Vr is fixed and that voltage sources, resistors, and capacitors may be tied to the FEEDBACK pin, a range of Vr temperature coefficients may be synthesized. 00922116 FIGURE 3. 1.2V Reference Capacitors in parallel with the reference are allowed. See the Reference AC Stability Range curve for capacitance values -- from 20 A to 3 mA any capacitor value is stable. With the reference's wide stability range with resistive and capacitive loads, a wide range of RC filter values will perform noise filtering. 00922119 Adjustable Reference The FEEDBACK pin allows the reference output voltage, Vro, to vary from 1.24V to 6.3V. The reference attempts to hold Vr at 1.24V. If Vr is above 1.24V, the reference will conduct current from Cathode to Anode; FEEDBACK current always remains low. If FEEDBACK is connected to Anode, then Vro = Vr = 1.24V. For higher voltages FEEDBACK is held at a constant voltage above Anode -- say 3.76V for Vro = 5V. Connecting a resistor across the constant Vr generates a current I=R1/Vr flowing from Cathode into FEEDBACK node. A Thevenin equivalent 3.76V is generated from FEEDBACK to Anode with R2=3.76/I. Keep I greater than one thousand times larger than FEEDBACK bias current for < 0.1% error -- I32 A for the military grade over the military temperature range (I5.5 A for a 1% untrimmed error for a commercial part.) FIGURE 6. Output Voltage has Negative Temperature Coefficient (TC) if R2 has Negative TC 00922120 FIGURE 7. Output Voltage has Positive TC if R1 has Negative TC 00922117 FIGURE 4. Thevenin Equivalent of Reference with 5V Output 00922121 FIGURE 8. Diode in Series with R1 Causes Voltage Across R1 and R2 to be Proportional to Absolute Temperature (PTAT) Connecting a resistor across Cathode-to-FEEDBACK creates a 0 TC current source, but a range of TCs may be synthesized. 00922118 R1 = Vr/I = 1.24/32 = 39k www.national.com 14 (Continued) Hysteresis The reference voltage depends, slightly, on the thermal history of the die. Competitive micro-power products vary -- always check the data sheet for any given device. Do not assume that no specification means no hysteresis. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER The amp or the reference may be biased in any way with no effect on the other, except when a substrate diode conducts (see Guaranteed Electrical Characteristics Note 1). The amp may have inputs outside the common-mode range, may be operated as a comparator, or have all terminals floating with no effect on the reference (tying inverting input to output and non-inverting input to V- on unused amp is preferred). Choosing operating points that cause oscillation, such as driving too large a capacitive load, is best avoided. 00922122 I = Vr/R1 = 1.24/R1 FIGURE 9. Current Source is Programmed by R1 Op Amp Output Stage The op amp, like the LM124 series, has a flexible and relatively wide-swing output stage. There are simple rules to optimize output swing, reduce cross-over distortion, and optimize capacitive drive capability: 1. Output Swing: Unloaded, the 42 A pull-down will bring the output within 300 mV of V- over the military temperature range. If more than 42 A is required, a resistor from output to V- will help. Swing across any load may be improved slightly if the load can be tied to V+, at the cost of poorer sinking open-loop voltage gain. 2. Cross-over Distortion: The LM611 has lower cross-over distortion (a 1 VBE deadband versus 3 VBE for the LM124), and increased slew rate as shown in the characteristic curves. A resistor pull-up or pull-down will force class-A operation with only the PNP or NPN output transistor conducting, eliminating cross-over distortion. 3. Capacitive Drive: Limited by the output pole caused by the output resistance driving capacitive loads, a pulldown resistor conducting 1 mA or more reduces the output stage NPN re until the output resistance is that of the current limit 25. 200 pF may then be driven without oscillation. 00922123 FIGURE 10. Proportional-to-AbsoluteTemperature Current Source Op Amp Input Stage The lateral PNP input transistors, unlike those of most op amps, have BVEBO equal to the absolute maximum supply voltage. Also, they have no diode clamps to the positive supply nor across the inputs. These features make the inputs look like high impedances to input sources producing large differential and common-mode voltages. 00922124 FIGURE 11. Negative -TC Current Source 15 www.national.com LM611 Application Information LM611 Typical Applications 00922128 *10k must be low t.c. trim pot. FIGURE 12. Ultra Low Noise 10.00V Reference. Total Output Noise is Typically 14 VRMS. Adjust the 10k pot for 10.000V. 00922130 FIGURE 13. Simple Low Quiescent Drain Voltage Regulator. Total Supply Current is approximately 320 A when VIN = 5V, and output has no load. 00922129 VOUT = (R1/R2 + 1) VREF. R1, R2 should be 1% metal film. R3 should be low t.c. trim pot. FIGURE 14. Slow Rise-Time Upon Power-Up, Adjustable Transducer Bridge Driver. Rise-time is approximately 0.5 ms. www.national.com 16 LM611 Typical Applications (Continued) 00922131 FIGURE 15. Low Drop-Out Voltage Regulator Circuit. Drop out voltage is typically 0.2V. 00922132 FIGURE 16. Nulling Bridge Detection System. Adjust sensitivity via 400 k pot. Null offset with R1, and bridge drive with the 10k pot. 17 www.national.com LM611 Simplified Schematic Diagrams Op Amp 00922103 Reference Bias 00922192 00922191 Ordering Information Reference Tolerance & VOS 0.6% @ Temperature Range Military Industrial Commercial www.national.com NSC Drawing -55CTA+125C -40CTA+85C 0CTA+70C LM611AMJ/883 (Note 12) -- -- 8-pin ceramic DIP J08A -- LM611IM LM611IMX LM611CM LM611CMX 14-pin Narrow Surface Mount M14A 80 ppm/C max VOS = 3.5 mV max 2.0% @ 150 ppm/C max VOS = 5 mV max Package 18 LM611 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted Hermetic Dual-In-Line Package (J) Order Number LM611AMJ/883 NS Package Number J08A Plastic Surface Mount Narrow Package (0.15) (M) Order Number LM611CM, LM611CMX, LM611IM or LM611IMX NS Package Number M14A 19 www.national.com LM611 Operational Amplifier and Adjustable Reference Notes LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. 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National Semiconductor Americas Customer Support Center Email: new.feedback@nsc.com Tel: 1-800-272-9959 www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Customer Support Center Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email: europe.support@nsc.com Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Francais Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Support Center Email: ap.support@nsc.com National Semiconductor Japan Customer Support Center Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 Email: jpn.feedback@nsc.com Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. 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