AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTRO LL E R
AP2014/A Rev. 5 1 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes I n co r po r at e d
Lead-free
Lead-free
• Synchronous Controller in 8-Pin Package
• Operating with single 5V or 12V supply voltage
• Internal 200KHz Oscillator (400KHz for AP2014A)
• Soft-Start Function
• Fixed Frequency Voltage Mode
• 500mA Peak Outp ut Dri ve Capabi lity
• Protects the output when control FET is shorted
• Lead Free Package SOP-8L
• SOP-8L: Available in “Green” Molding Compound
(No Br, Sb)
• Lead Free Finish/ RoHS Compliant ( Note 1)
The AP2014 controller IC is designed to provide a low cost
synchronous Buck regulator for on-board DC to DC converter
applications. With today’s ASIC products requiring supply voltages
at 1.8V and lower, when the output current is as much as 3A and
the input voltage is at either 3.3V or 5V, traditional linear regulator
simply incurs too much loss within itself. The AP2014 together with
dual N-channel MOSFETs provide a low cost solution for such
applications. This device features an internal 200KHz oscillator
(400KHz for "A" version), under-voltage lockout for both Vcc and
Vc supplies, an external programmable soft-start function as well
as output under-voltage detection that latches off the device when
an output short is detected.
Applications
• Graphic Card
• Hard Disk Drive
• DDR memory source sink Vtt application
• Low cost on-board DC to DC such as 5V to 3.3V, 2.5V or 1.8V
Ordering Information
AP 2014/A S X - 13
Package PackingLead Free 13 : Tape & Reel
S : SOP-8L
L : Lead Free
G : Green
Device Package
Code Packaging
(Note 2) 13” Tape and Reel
Quantity Part Number Suffix
AP2014SL-13 S SOP-8L 2500/Tape & Reel -13
AP2014SG-13 S SOP-8L 2500/Tape & Reel -13
AP2014ASL-13 S SOP-8L 2500/Tape & Reel -13
AP2014ASG-13 S SOP-8L 2500/Tape & Reel -13
Notes: 1. EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS). All applicable RoHS exemptions applied, see EU Directive 2002/95/EC Annex Notes.
2. Pad layout as shown on Diodes Inc. suggested pad layout document AP02001, which can be found on our website at
http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf.
Features General Description
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 2 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes I n co r po r at e d
Pin Assignment
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
FB
Vc
LDrv
HDrv
VCC
SS
Comp
GND
( Top View )
SOP-8L
Pin Descriptions
Pin Name Pin No. Description
FB 1
This pin is connected directly to the output of the switching regulator via resistor
divider to provide feedback to the Error amplifier.
Vcc 2
This pin provides biasing for the internal blocks of the IC as well as power for the
low side driver. A minimum of 1uF, high frequency capacitor must be connected
from this pin to ground t o provide peak drive current capability.
LDrv 3 Output dri ver for the synchronous power MOSFET.
GND 4
This pin serves as the ground pin and must be connected directly to the ground
plane. A high frequency capacitor (0.1 to 1uF) must be connected from V5 and
V12 pins to this pin for noise free operation.
HDrv 5 Output driver f or the high side p ower MO SFET.
Vc 6
This pin is connected to a voltage that must be at least 4V higher than the bus
voltage of the switcher (assuming 5V threshold MOSFET) and powers the high
side output driver. A minimum of 1uF, high frequency capacitor must be
connected from this pin to ground to provide peak drive current capability.
Comp 7
Compensation pin of the error amplifier. An external resistor and capacitor
network is typically connected from this pin to ground to provide loop
compensation.
SS 8
This pin provides soft-start for the switching regulator. An internal current source
charges an external capacitor that is connected from this pin to ground which
ramps up the output of the switching regulator, preventing it from overshooting as
well as limiting the input current. The converter can be shutdown by pulling this
pin below 0.5V.
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 3 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes I n co r po r at e d
Block Diagram
SS
Fb
Comp
GND
LDrv
Vcc
HDrv
Vc
25K
25K
1.25V
POR
20uA
64uA
Max
3V
Error Amp +
-
Oscillator
Ct
Error Comp
+
-
S
RQ
Reset Dom
4
3
2
5
6
7
1
8
+
-
+
-
Bias
Generator
Vcc
4.0V
Vc
3.5V
0.2V
0.2V
3V
1.25V
POR
+
-
FbLo Comp
0.5V
POR
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 4 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes I n co r po r at e d
Typical Application Circuit
(1)
C6
10nF Q2 C17
0.1u
VIN=5V
C3
1u
C12
470u
Vc=12V C8
470u
Vout +1.5V/7.0A
Q1
L1
5.6u/9.0
R6
22k
AP2014
C13
470u
C20
100p
C5
0.47u
R3
8.2 C4
0.1u
R2
3.3K
C11
0.1u
R1
820
U1
1
2
3
45
6
7
8
FB
Vcc
LDrv
GND HDrv
Vc
Comp
SS
(2)
Vout +1.5V/7.0A
C5
0.47u
R3
8.2
C13
470u
C1
0.1uF C8
470u
D1
R2
3.3K
C11
0.1u
U1
AP2014
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8
FB
Vcc
LDrv
GND HDrv
Vc
Comp
SS
C12
470u
R1
820
Q1
R6
6.8k
VIN=12V
C20
100p
Option
C4
0.1u
C6
10nF
Q2 C17
0.1u
D2
C3
100u
L1
5.6u/9A
1N4148
1N4148
Single Supply 12V Input
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 5 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes I n cor p o r at e d
Typical Application Circuit (Continued)
(3)
Vout +5V/5.0A
C5
0.47u
R3
8.2
C13
470u
C1
0.1uF C8
470u
D1
R2
3K
C11
0.1u
U1
AP2014
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8
FB
Vcc
LDrv
GND HDrv
Vc
Comp
SS
R1
10K
Q1
R6
39k
VIN=12V
C20
100p
C4
0.1u
C6
10nF
Q2 C17
0.1u
D2
C3
100u
L1
10uH/6A
1N4148
1N4148
Single Supply 12V Input
(4)
Vout +5V/4.0A
C5
0.47u
R3
8.2
C13
470u
C1
0.1uF C8
470u
D1
R2
3.3K
C11
0.1u
U1
AP2014
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8
FB
Vcc
LDrv
GND HDrv
Vc
Comp
SS
R1
10K
Q1-1
R6
47k
VIN=24V
C20
100p
C4
0.1u
C6
10nF
Q1-2 C17
0.1u
D2
C3
100u
L1
10uH/6A
1.2K
RZD
R3
8.2
ZD
6.2V
1N4148
1N4148
IZD(≧15mA)=(VIN-VD2-VZD)/RZD
Single Supply 24V Input
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 6 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
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Typical Application Circuit (Continued)
(5)
L1
4.7u
C10
470u
C9
470u
+12V
C15
470u
optional C12
470u
C20
10p
Q1
C4
0.1u
+12V_BUS
R4
0R
+12V
C11
0.1u
R6
39k
D2
SBD
C5
1u
R3
11 Vout +1.26V
R9
R
C13
470u
C3
1u C7
470u
C6
5600pF
R2
1K
U1
AP2014A
1
2
3
45
6
7
8
FB
Vcc
LDrv
GND HDrv
Vc
Comp
SS
C17
0.1u
R1
2.2K
Q2
R7
0R
70T03H
70T03H
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 7 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes I n cor p o r at e d
Typical Application Circuit (Continued)
(6) Dual Supply, 5V Bus and 12V Bias Input
SS Fb
Comp
GND
LDrv
Vcc
HDrv
Vc
+
+
+
AP2014
C7
0.1uF
C8
10nF
R1
3.3K
R2
1K R3
1K
Q1
Q2
L2
10uH
C3
100uF
L1
1uH C4
47uF
1.8V/1A
2.5V/2A
C6
C1
0.1uF
AP1187 +
5V
12V
SS Fb
Comp
GND
LDrv
Vcc
HDrv
Vc
+
+
AP2014
C13
0.1uF
C14
10nF
R4
3.3K
R5
1K R6
1.65K
Q3
Q4
L3
C11
3.3V/1.8A
C12
220uF
C9
0.1uF
C1
1uF
C5
47uF
C10
1uF
10uH
220uF
Dual Supply, 5V Bus and 12V Bias Input
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 8 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes I n cor p o r at e d
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol Parameter Rating Unit
VCC VCC Supply Voltage 20 V
Vc Vc Supply Voltage (not rated for inductive load) 32 V
TST Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 oC
TOP Operating Junction Temperature Range 0 to +125 oC
θJC Thermal Resistance Junction to Case 7 oC/W
θJA Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient 160 oC/W
Notes: 3 . Test conditions for SOP-8L: Device mounted on 2oz copper, minimum recommended pad layout, FR-4 PCB.
Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, these specification s apply over VCC=5V, VC=12V and TA=0 to 70°C. Typical values refer to TA =25°C. Low
duty cycle pulse testing is used which keeps junction and case temperatures equal to the ambient temperature.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Refer en c e Vo ltage
VFB FB Voltage AP2014 1.225 1.25 1.275 V
AP2014A 0.784 0.800 0.816
LREG FB Voltage Line Regulation 5 < Vcc < 12 - 0.2 0.35 %
UVLO
UVLO VCC UVLO Threshold - VCC Supply Ramping Up 4.0 4.2 4.4 V
UVLO Hysteresis - VCC - 0.25 - V
UVLO VC UVLO Thresh old - VC Supply Ramping Up 3.1 3.3 3.5 V
UVLO Hysteresis - VC - 0.2 - V
UVLO FB UVLO Thresh old - FB
FB Ramping Down
(AP2014) 0.4 0.6 0.8 V
FB Ramping Down
(AP2014A) 0.3 0.4 0.5 V
UVLO Hysteresis - FB - 0.1 - V
Supply Current
Operation ICC V
CC Operation Supply Curren t Freq=200KHz,
CL=1500pF - 7 10 mA
Operation IC V
C Operation Supply Current Freq=200KHz,
CL=1500pF - 7 10 mA
ICCQ V
CC Static Supply Current SS=0V - 3.3 6 mA
ICQ V
C Static Supply Current SS=0V - 1 4.5 mA
Soft-Start Section
SSIB Charge Current SS=0V 10 20 30 μA
Error Amp
IFB1 FB Voltage Input Bias Current SS=3V, FB=1V - -0.1 - μA
IFB2 FB Voltage Input Bias Current SS=0V, FB=1V - -64 - μA
gm Transconductance 450 600 750 μmho
Oscillator
Freq Frequency AP2014 170 200 230 KHz
AP2014A 340 400 460 KHz
VRAMP Ramp-Amplitude Voltage 1.225 1.25 1.275 V
Output Drivers
T
r
Rise Time CL =1500pF - 50 100 ns
Tf Fall Time CL =1500pF - 50 100 ns
TDB Dead Band Time 50 150 250 ns
TON Max Duty Cycle FB=1V, Freq=200KHz 85 90 95 %
TOFF Min Duty Cycle FB=1.5V 0 0 - %
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 9 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes I n cor p o r at e d
Typical Performance Characteristics
Load Regulation
0.0%
0.2%
0.4%
0.6%
0.8%
1.0%
1.2%
1.4%
1.6%
1.8%
2.0%
0.0 0.5 1.0 3.0 5.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 15.0
Iout(A)
Load Regulation (%)
Efficiency vs. Iout
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0.0 0.5 1.0 3.0 5.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 15.0
Iout(A)
Efficiency (%)
Line Regulation
1.240
1.245
1.250
1.255
1.260
4.5 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 15.0
Vin(V)
Feedback Voltage (V)
Line Regulation
2.500
2.505
2.510
2.515
2.520
2.525
2.530
4.5 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 15.0
Vin(V)
Output Voltage (V)
Frequency vs. Vin
175.0
180.0
185.0
190.0
195.0
200.0
205.0
210.0
4.5 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 15.0
Vin(V)
Frequency (KHz)
Freque nc y vs. Temper a t ure
150.0
160.0
170.0
180.0
190.0
200.0
210.0
220.0
230.0
240.0
-40 -20 0 25 50 75 100 125
Temperature (
o
C)
Frequency (KHz)
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 10 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Icc and Iccq vs. Vin
3.00
5.00
7.00
9.00
11.00
13.00
15.00
4.5 5 7 9 11 12 15
Vin(V)
Icc and Iccq (mA)
Icc(mA)
Iccq(mA)
Ic and Icq vs. Vin
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
4.5 5 7 9 11 12 15
Vin(V)
Ic and Icq (mA)
Ic(mA)
Icq(mA)
Icc and Ic vs. Temperature
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
-40-200 255075100125
Temperature (oC)
Icc and Ic (mA)
Icc(mA)
Ic(mA)
Vfb vs. Temperature
1.20
1.22
1.24
1.26
1.28
1.30
-40 -20 0 25 50 75 100 125
Temperature (oC)
Feedback Voltage (V)
AP2014A Ic and Icc vs Vc
3.0
5.0
7.0
9.0
11.0
13.0
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Vc(V)
Ic(mA)
Icc(mA)
AP2014 Ic and Icc vs Vc
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Vc(V)
Ic(mA)
Icc(mA)
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 11 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
V
out Ripple
Vcc=5V; Vc=12V; Vout=2.5V
Iout=0.5A, Vripple=30.8mV
V
out Ripple
Vcc=5V; Vc=12V; Vout=2.5V
Iout=5A, Vripple=33.2mV
Dead time vs. Iout
Vcc=5V, Vc=12V, Vout=2.5V, Iout=0.5A, Temp=28oC
Dead time = 150ns Dead time = 150ns
Dead time vs. Iout
Vcc=5V, Vc=12V, Vout=2.5V, Iout=5A , Temp=28oC
Dead time = 160ns Dead time = 150ns
Highside GATE
Lowside GATE
Phase
Lowside GATE
Highside GATE
Phase
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 12 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
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Functional Descriptions
Introduction
The AP2014 is a fixed frequency, voltage mode synchronous controller and consists of a precision reference voltage, an error amplifier,
an internal oscillator, a PWM comparator, 0.5A peak gate driver, soft-start and shutdown circuits (see Block Diagram).
The output voltage of the synchronous converter is set and controlled by the output of the error amplifier; this is the amplified error signal
from the sensed output voltage and the reference voltage.
This voltage is compared to a fixed frequency linear sawtooth ramp and generates fixed frequency pulses of variable duty-cycle, which
drives the two N-channel external MOSFETs.The timing of the IC is provided through an internal oscillator circuit which uses on-chip
capacitor to set the oscillation frequency to 200 KHz (400 KHz for “A” version).
Soft-Start
The AP2014 has a programmable soft-start to control the output voltage rise and limit the current surge at the start-up. To ensure correct
start-up, the soft-start sequence initiates when the VC and VCC rise above their threshold (3.3V and 4.2V respectively) and generates the
Power On Reset (POR) signal. Soft-start function operates by sourcing an internal current to charge an external capacitor to about 3V.
Initially, the soft-start function clamps the E/A’s output of the PWM converter. As the charging voltage of the external capacitor ramps up,
the PWM signals increase from zero to the point the feedback loop takes control.
Short- Circuit Prot ection
The outputs are protected against the short circuit. The AP2014 protects the circuit for shorted output by sensing the output voltage
(through the external resistor divider). The AP2014 shuts down the PWM signals, when the output voltage drops below 0.6V (0.4V for
AP2014A).
The AP20 14 al so prote cts the output from over- vol taging when th e co ntro l FET is s horte d. Thi s is d one b y turni ng o n the s ync FE T wi th
the maximum duty cycle.
Under-Voltage Lockout
The under-voltage lockout circuit assures that the MOSFET driver outputs remain in the off state whenever the supply voltage drops
below set parameters. Lockout occurs if VC and VCC fall below 3.3V and 4.2V respectively. Normal operation resumes once VC and VCC
rise above the set values.
IC Quiescent Power Dissipation
Power dissipation for IC controller is a function of applied voltage, gate driver loads and switching frequency. The IC's maximum power
dissipation occurs when the IC operating with single 12V supply voltage (Vcc=12V and Vc≅24V) at 400KHz switching frequency and
maximum gate loads.
Page 8 shows voltage vs. current, when the gate drivers loaded with 1500pF capacitors. The IC's power dissipation results in an
excessive temperature rise. This should be considered when using AP2014A for such application.
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 13 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes I n cor p or ated
Marking Information
(1) SOP-8L
( Top View )
AP2014 X
YY WW
XX
Logo
Part Number
5
8
41
WW : Week : 01~52; 52
YY : Year : 08, 09,10~
X : Internal Code
represents 52 and 53 week
L : Lead Free
AP2014 : 200KHz (OSC)
AP2014A : 400KHz (OSC)
G : Green
Package Information (All Dimensions in mm)
(1) Package Type: SOP-8L
1.27typ 0.3/0.5
7°~9°
4.85/4.95
3.85/3.95
5.90/6.10
0.15/0.25
7°~9°
0.62/0.82
0.10/0.20
Gauge Plane
0.254
Seating Plane
0.35max. 45°
Detail "A"
Detail "A"
1.30/1.50
1.75max.
Land Pattern Recommendation
(Unit: mm)
6x-1.27
8x-1.55
8x-0.60
5.4
0°/8°
AP2014/A
SYNCHRO N O US PWM CONTROLLER
AP2014/A Rev. 5 14 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes I n cor p or ated
IMPORTANT NOTICE
LIFE SU PPOR T
Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further
notice to any product herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product described herein; neither
does it convey any license under its patent rights, nor the rights of others. The user of products in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will
agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on our website, harmless against all damages.
Diodes Incorporated products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the expressed written approval of the
President of Diodes Incorporated.
