LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
Precision Reference
General Description
The LM199 series are precision, temperature-stabilized
monolithic zeners offering temperature coefficients a factor
of ten better than high quality reference zeners. Constructed
on a single monolithic chip is a temperature stabilizer circuit
and an active reference zener. The active circuitry reduces
the dynamic impedance of the zener to about 0.5Ωand
allows the zener to operate over 0.5 mA to 10 mA current
range with essentially no change in voltage or temperature
coefficient. Further, a new subsurface zener structure gives
low noise and excellent long term stability compared to
ordinary monolithic zeners. The package is supplied with a
thermal shield to minimize heater power and improve tem-
perature regulation.
The LM199 series references are exceptionally easy to use
and free of the problems that are often experienced with
ordinary zeners. There is virtually no hysteresis in reference
voltage with temperature cycling. Also, the LM199 is free of
voltage shifts due to stress on the leads. Finally, since the
unit is temperature stabilized, warm up time is fast.
The LM199 can be used in almost any application in place of
ordinary zeners with improved performance. Some ideal
applications are analog to digital converters, calibration stan-
dards, precision voltage or current sources or precision
power supplies. Further in many cases the LM199 can re-
place references in existing equipment with a minimum of
wiring changes.
The LM199 series devices are packaged in a standard her-
metic TO-46 package inside a thermal shield. The LM199 is
rated for operation from −55˚C to +125˚C while the LM299 is
rated for operation from −25˚C to +85˚C and the LM399 is
rated from 0˚C to +70˚C.
The LM3999 is packaged in a standard TO-92 package and
is rated from 0˚C to +70˚C
Features
nGuaranteed 0.0001%/˚C temperature coefficient
nLow dynamic impedance — 0.5Ω
nInitial tolerance on breakdown voltage — 2%
nSharp breakdown at 400 µA
nWide operating current — 500 µA to 10 mA
nWide supply range for temperature stabilizer
nGuaranteed low noise
nLow power for stabilization — 300 mW at 25˚C
nLong term stability — 20 ppm
nProven reliability, low-stress packaging in TO-46
integrated-circuit hermetic package, for low hysteresis
after thermal cycling. 33 million hours MTBF at T
A
=
+25˚C (T
J
= +86˚C)
nCertified long term stability available
nMIL-STD-883 compliant
Connection Diagrams
Metal Can Package (TO-46) Plastic Package TO-92
00571714
Top View
LM199/LM299/LM399 (See Table on fourth page)
NS Package Number H04D
00571710
Bottom View
LM3999 (See Table on fourth page)
NS Package Number Z03A
May 1999
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999 Precision Reference
© 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation DS005717 www.national.com
Functional Block Diagrams
LM199/LM299/LM399 LM3999
00571715
00571711
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Specifications for Military/Aerospace products are not
contained in this datasheet. Refer to the following Reli-
ability Electrical Test Specifications documents:
RETS199X for LM199, RETS199AX for LM199A.
Temperature Stabilizer Voltage
LM199/LM299/LM399 40V
LM3999 36V
Reverse Breakdown Current 20 mA
Forward Current
LM199/LM299/LM399 1 mA
LM3999 −0.1 mA
Reference to Substrate Voltage V
(RS)
(Note 2) 40V
−0.1V
Operating Temperature Range
LM199 −55˚C to +125˚C
LM299 −25˚C to +85˚C
LM399/LM3999 −0˚C to +70˚C
Storage Temperature Range −55˚C to +150˚C
Soldering Information
TO-92 package (10 sec.) +260˚C
TO-46 package (10 sec.) +300˚C
Electrical Characteristics (Notes 3, 6)
Parameter Conditions LM199H/LM299H LM399H Units
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
Reverse Breakdown Voltage 0.5 mA ≤I
R
≤10 mA 6.8 6.95 7.1 6.6 6.95 7.3 V
Reverse Breakdown Voltage 0.5 mA ≤I
R
≤10 mA 6 9 6 12 mV
Change with Current
Reverse Dynamic Impedance I
R
= 1 mA 0.5 1 0.5 1.5 Ω
Reverse Breakdown −55˚C≤T
A
≤+85˚C LM199 0.00003 0.0001 %/˚C
Temperature Coefficient +85˚C≤T
A
≤+125˚C 0.0005 0.0015 %/˚C
−25˚C≤T
A
≤85˚C LM299 0.00003 0.0001 %/˚C
0˚C≤T
A
≤+70˚C LM399 0.00003 0.0002 %/˚C
RMS Noise 10 Hz ≤f≤10 kHz 7 20 7 50 µV
Long Term Stability Stabilized, 22˚C≤T
A
≤28˚C, 20 20 ppm
1000 Hours, I
R
=1 mA±0.1%
Temperature Stabilizer T
A
=25˚C, Still Air, V
S
=30V 8.5 14 8.5 15 mA
Supply Current T
A
=− 55˚C 22 28
Temperature Stabilizer 9 40 9 40 V
Supply Voltage
Warm-Up Time to 0.05% V
S
= 30V, T
A
= 25˚C 3 3 sec.
Initial Turn-on Current 9≤V
S
≤40, T
A
=+25˚C, (Note 4) 140 200 140 200 mA
Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits.
Electrical Characteristics (Note 3)
Parameter Conditions LM3999Z Units
Min Typ Max
Reverse Breakdown Voltage 0.6 mA ≤I
R
≤10 mA 6.6 6.95 7.3 V
Reverse Breakdown Voltage 0.6 mA ≤I
R
≤10 mA 6 20 mV
Change with Current
Reverse Dynamic Impedance I
R
= 1 mA 0.6 2.2 Ω
Reverse Breakdown 0˚C ≤T
A
≤70˚C 0.0002 0.0005 %/˚C
Temperature Coefficient
RMS Noise 10 Hz ≤f≤10 kHz 7 µV
Long Term Stability Stabilized, 22˚C ≤T
A
≤28˚C, 20 ppm
1000 Hours, I
R
=1mA±0.1%
Temperature Stabilizer T
A
= 25˚C, Still Air, V
S
= 30V 12 18 mA
Temperature Stabilizer 36 V
Supply Voltage
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
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Electrical Characteristics (Note 3) (Continued)
Parameter Conditions LM3999Z Units
Min Typ Max
Warm-Up Time to 0.05% V
S
= 30V, T
A
= 25˚C 5 sec.
Initial Turn-On Current 9 ≤V
S
≤40, T
A
= 25˚C 140 200 mA
Electrical Characteristics (Notes 3, 6)
Parameter Conditions LM199AH, LM299AH LM399AH Units
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
Reverse Breakdown Voltage 0.5 mA ≤I
R
≤10 mA 6.8 6.95 7.1 6.6 6.95 7.3 V
Reverse Breakdown Voltage 0.5 mA ≤I
R
≤10 mA 6 9 6 12 mV
Change with Current
Reverse Dynamic Impedance I
R
= 1 mA 0.5 1 0.5 1.5 Ω
Reverse Breakdown −55˚C≤T
A
≤+85˚C LM199A 0.00002 0.00005 %/˚C
Temperature Coefficient +85˚C≤T
A
≤+125˚C 0.0005 0.0010 %/˚C
−25˚C≤T
A
≤85˚C LM299A 0.00002 0.00005 %/˚C
0˚C≤T
A
≤+70˚C LM399A 0.00003 0.0001 %/˚C
RMS Noise 10 Hz ≤f≤10 kHz 7 20 7 50 µV
Long Term Stability Stabilized, 22˚C≤T
A
≤28˚C, 20 20 ppm
1000 Hours, I
R
=1 mA±0.1%
Temperature Stabilizer T
A
=25˚C, Still Air, V
S
=30V 8.5 14 8.5 15 mA
Supply Current T
A
=− 55˚C 22 28
Temperature Stabilizer 9 40 9 40 V
Supply Voltage
Warm-Up Time to 0.05% V
S
= 30V, T
A
= 25˚C 3 3 sec.
Initial Turn-on Current 9≤V
S
≤40, T
A
=+25˚C, (Note 4) 140 200 140 200 mA
Note 2: The substrate is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the temperature stabilizer. The voltage that can be applied to either terminal of the
reference is 40V more positive or 0.1V more negative than the substrate.
Note 3: These specifications apply for 30V applied to the temperature stabilizer and −55˚C≤TA≤+125˚C for the LM199; −25˚C≤TA≤+85˚C for the LM299 and
0˚C≤TA≤+70˚C for the LM399 and LM3999.
Note 4: This initial current can be reduced by adding an appropriate resistor and capacitor to the heater circuit. See the performance characteristic graphs to
determine values.
Note 5: Do not wash the LM199 with its polysulfone thermal shield in TCE.
Note 6: A military RETS electrical test specification is available for the LM199H/883, LM199AH/883, and LM199AH-20/883 on request.
Ordering Information
Initial 0˚C to +70˚C −25˚C to +85˚C −55˚C to +125˚C NS
Tolerance Package
2% LM299AH LM199AH, LM199AH/883 H04D
5% LM399H LM299H H04D
LM399AH
5% LM3999Z Z03A
Certified Long Term Drift
The National Semiconductor LM199AH-20, LM299AH-20,
and LM399AH-50 are ultra-stable Zener references specially
selected from the production runs of LM199AH, LM299AH,
LM399AH and tested to confirm a long-term stability of 20,
20, or 50 ppm per 1000 hours, respectively. The devices are
measured every 168 hours and the voltage of each device is
logged and compared in such a way as to show the deviation
from its initial value. Each measurement is taken with a
probable-worst-case deviation of ±2 ppm, compared to the
Reference Voltage, which is derived from several groups of
NBS-traceable references such as LM199AH-20’s, 1N827’s,
and saturated standard cells, so that the deviation of any one
group will not cause false indications. Indeed, this compari-
son process has recently been automated using a specially
prepared computer program which is custom-designed to
reject noisy data (and require a repeat reading) and to record
the average of the best 5 of 7 readings, just as a sagacious
standards engineer will reject unbelievable readings.
The typical characteristic for the LM199AH-20 is shown
below. This computerized print-out form of each reference’s
stability is shipped with the unit.
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
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Typical Characteristics
National Semiconductor Certified Long Term Drift
Hrs Drift
168 −20
336 −24
504 −36
672 −34
840 −40
1008 −36
Testing Conditions
Heater Voltage: 30V
Zener Current: 1 mA
Ambient Temp.: 25˚C
00571712
Typical Performance Characteristics
Reverse Characteristics Reverse Voltage Change
00571719
00571720
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Dynamic Impedance Zener Noise Voltage
00571721 00571722
Stabilization Time Heater Current
00571723 00571724
Initial Heater Current Heater Current (To Limit This Surge, See Next Graph)
00571725 00571726
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Heater Surge Limit Resistor vs Minimum Supply Voltage
at Various Minimum Temperatures Low Frequency Noise Voltage
00571727
*Heater must be bypassed witha2µForlarger tantalum capacitor if
resistors are used.
00571703
Response Time
00571707
Typical Applications
Single Supply Operation
00571728
Split Supply Operation
00571729
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
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Typical Applications (Continued)
Negative Heater Supply with
Positive Reference
00571730
Buffered Reference
With Single Sypply
00571731
Positive Current Source
00571732
Standard Cell Replacement
00571733
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
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Typical Applications (Continued)
Negative Current Source
00571734
Square Wave Voltage Reference
00571735
Portable Calibrator*
00571736
*Warm-up time 10 seconds; intermittent operation does not degrade long
term stability.
14V Reference
00571737
Precision Clamp*
00571738
*Clamp will sink 5 mA when input goes more positive than reference
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
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Typical Applications (Continued)
0V to 20V Power Reference
00571739
Bipolar Output Reference
00571740
Voltage Reference
00571709
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
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Schematic Diagrams
Temperature Stabilizer
00571701
Reference
00571713
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
unless otherwise noted
Order Number LM299H, LM399H, LM199AH, LM199AH/883
LM299AH or LM399AH
NS Package H04D
Plastic Package
Order Number LM3999Z
NS Package Z03A
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
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Notes
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves
the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com.
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LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999 Precision Reference