L9911 Car alternator multifunction smart voltage regulator Datasheet - production data Thermal protection Field short circuit protection Protected diagnostic lamp driver Protected high side relay driver Complex diagnostics Load response control DFM output (field monitor) Self start function '!0'03 Multiwatt8 Description The L9911 is a monolithic multifunction alternator voltage regulator intended for use in automotive application. Features It includes the control section, the field power stage, fault diagnostic circuit which drives a warning lamp, and the protection against short circuits Fully monolithic design High side field driver Table 1. Device summary Order code Temp. range, C Package Packing Tj = -40 to +150 Multiwatt8 Tube L9911F L9911I L9911P L9911V L9911K L9911U September 2015 This is information on a product in full production. DocID10990 Rev 13 1/20 www.st.com Contents L9911 Contents 1 Circuit operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1 Voltage regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2 Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Load response control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5 Self start function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 Electrical specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 3.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.2 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.4 Principle of phase regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.1 5 2/20 Multiwatt 8 (pin 5 GND) package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 DocID10990 Rev 13 L9911 List of tables List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Load response control parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Load response control timing options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Correspondence of frequency (typical values) to application features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Customization of L9911: combination of LRC, regulation, and application options . . . . . . 11 Fault detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Multiwatt 8 (pin 5GND) package mechanical drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Document revision history. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 DocID10990 Rev 13 3/20 3 List of figures L9911 List of figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. 4/20 Pin connection (top view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Vreg-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Vreg-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Vreg-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Vreg-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Output voltage rise/fall time (F+, DFM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Phase regulation characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Application diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 High side/low side driver saturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Test mode to cancel soft-start/attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Soft-start enable frequency range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Soft-start characteristics (always activated at engine start) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Soft start/attack characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 DF monitor electrical configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Short circuit drivers' protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Multiwatt 8 (pin 5GND) package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 DocID10990 Rev 13 L9911 1 Circuit operation Circuit operation The alternator's voltage regulator performs the following main functions: 1. voltage regulation 2. protection 3. control fault diagnosis 4. load response control 1.1 Voltage regulation The alternator voltage is compared with a reference voltage in an amplifier, whose output determines the switching frequency of output power MOS whose current excites the coil of the alternator; as the regulator is in fixed-frequency topology, the field switching frequency does not depend on the alternator characteristics. The regulators have an integrated filter in the voltage sensing path guaranteeing the correct behaviour of the devices also when the rectifier diodes feature very high switching spikes. The internal filtering allows the usage of the device also with very long cables connecting the alternator to the battery with an impedance so high to cause a superimposed ripple on the alternator voltage higher than 56 V. Consequently it doesn't need, in the standard application, any external component. Anyway an external capacitor (2.2 F) must be inserted between A+ and ground when using the device with very long cables. 1.2 Protection It is present a protection against short circuits of the lamp and the relay power drivers (L) and of the field power driver (F+), a thermal drivers shutdown protection and an overvoltage protection of L power drivers. 1.3 Diagnosis The circuit detects fault conditions related to the phase and F+ status and receives informations from one of the three alternator phases. In order to prevent spurious indications, fault warnings are not displayed immediately but are delayed by a fixed time. 1.4 Load response control The internal circuit regulates the soft start characteristics (activated always at engine start) and the soft attack characteristics. 1.5 Self start function The device wakes up by the phase signal only. The phase signal must have a voltage amplitude higher than VPHL1 and a frequency higher than EN-x. DocID10990 Rev 13 5/20 19 Pin description 2 L9911 Pin description Figure 1. Pin connection (top view) " & 2%3 '.$ CASE , 2%3 $&- 0 '!0'03 Table 2. Pin description 6/20 N Pin 1 P 2 DFM Field monitor output. 3 RES Reserved. 4 L 5 GND-case 6 RES 7 F+ 8 + B Function Phase sense input. Lamp terminal low side driver; relay terminal high side driver. Ground. Reserved. High side driver output. Sensed power supply. DocID10990 Rev 13 L9911 Electrical specification 3 Electrical specification 3.1 Absolute maximum ratings Tj = -40 to 150 C, unless otherwise specified. Table 3. Absolute maximum ratings Symbol Value Unit DC supply voltage (2 min. @ 25 C) 24 V - Transient supply voltage (load dump) [see Figure 8] t < 500 ms 40 V - Transient supply voltage (low energy spikes) (see Figure 8) ISO7637-1 pulse 1,2,3 /ISO7637-3 60 V Tj Junction temperature range -40 to 150 C -40 to 150 C 4 W VS Parameter Tstg, Tcase Storage and case temperature range Ptot 3.2 Total power dissipation (@ Tcase 150C, Ifield 5A) - Reverse battery voltage (see Figure 8) @ 25C, T = 15 sec. -2.5 V - Normal working condition reverse voltage (P vs. GND) -1.5 V - DC pin current on F+, B+, GND (bonding limitation) 15 A - ESD voltage MILSTD883C (All pins vs.GND) 4 KV Value Unit 1.5 C/W Thermal data Table 4. Thermal data Symbol Rth j-case 3.3 Parameter Thermal resistance junction-to-case Electrical characteristics Tj = -40 C to 150 C; unless otherwise specified. Table 5. Electrical characteristics Symbol Vbat Ib-sinked Ib-stby Parameter Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit Operating supply voltage - 7 - 18 V Supply battery current - - - 25 mA Standby current B+ = 12.5 V, F+ = 0 V - - 500 A DocID10990 Rev 13 7/20 19 Electrical specification L9911 Table 5. Electrical characteristics (continued) Symbol Parameter Vreg 1 Vreg 2 Vreg 3 Regulated voltage & thermal drift. 3 configurations available, selectable by mask option (see Table 8). Vreg 4 Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit Ialt =1 A-0.9 * Inom; Tcase = 20 C; 1400 < rpm < RPMMAX (see Figure 2) 14.0 -4.5 14.4 -3.5 14.8 -2.5 V mV/C Ialt =10 A; Tcase = 23 C; rpm = 6000 rpm; 15 V max. (see Figure 3) 14.35 -11.8 14.5 -10 14.65 -8.2 V mV/C Ialt =10 A; Tcase = 23 C; rpm = 6000 rpm (see Figure 4) 14.35 -6 14.5 -4 14.65 -2 V mV/C Ialt =10 A; Tcase = 23 C; rpm = 6000 rpm (see Figure 5) 13.95 -3.5 14.2 -2.5 14.3 -1.5 V mV/C Vrpm - 1400 VS1 Vreg 5% Vreg Vreg + 5% V Tj-sd Thermal shutdown threshold Temperature to disable F+, DFM, L (high & low side drivers) 160 175 190 C Thermal shut-down hysteresis L/F+/DFM from OFF STATE (due to thermal shutdown) to ON STATE Tj-sd10 - Tj-sd2 C VB+ to turn on L low side driver 7.7 8.6 9.5 V VB+ to turn off L low side driver Vuv + 0.40 Vuv + 0.75 Vuv + 1.2 V Tj = 150 C; I = 4.5 A - - 0.6 V Tj = 25 C; I = 7 A - - 0.55 V I=5A - - 2 V Vreg-less Tj-sd-dwn Vuv-1 Vuv-up VF+_sat Vf Under voltage diagnosis threshold Field driver saturation voltage Freewheeling diode F+ High and low side driver off F+ = 0 V; Tj = -40 C Field short circuit driver protection threshold current F+ = 0 V; Tj = -25 C (see Figure 15) F+ = 0 V; Tj = -150 C 11 - 18 A 9.5 - 18 A 9 - 18 A Vs1 Field driver ON-state detection - 4.5 - 5.5 V f-pre Pre-excitation frequency - 283 333 383 Hz Pre-excitation Field driver ON-duty - 15.93 18.75 21.57 % tr Output voltage rise time 10 - 50 s tf Output voltage fall time Ifield = 3 A resistive see Figure 6) 10 - 50 s 250 - 400 Hz If_SCTH Duty-pre Fsw_F+ 8/20 Field switching frequency Ialt = 1 A~0.9 * Inom; 1400 rpm < rpm < RPMMAX DocID10990 Rev 13 L9911 Electrical specification Table 5. Electrical characteristics (continued) Symbol If_leak Parameter Test condition Output field driver leakage current B+ = 24 V; VF+ = 0 Min. Typ. Max. Unit - - 10 A 26.56 31.25 35.94 % - - 1.5 V Phase regulation max field ON duty see Figure 7 VH_SAT High side driver saturation Voltage (see Figure 9) With driver Isource = 500 mA VL_SAT Low side driver saturation voltage With driver Isink = 500 mA (see Figure 9) - - 1.5 V VLSB Self bias without supply lamp driver voltage B+ open; L connected to 12 V through a 50 Ohm resistor - - 4 V IHSC High side driver short circuit current protection B+ = 12.5 V; L = GND 1.2 - 3 A ILSC Low side driver short circuit current (see Figure 15) B+ = L = 12.5 V 1 - 2 A VthL Enable regulator supply voltage threshold - 0.8 - 1.15 V Ipd_L L terminal pull-down current when VL = 0.6 V the generator is not rotating 0.4 - 3.5 mA IL_sink L sink current when the generator P frequency 500 Hz; VB+ = 12 V is rotating - - 100 A 0.2 - 0.5 s 30 - 50 V 25 - - ms DUTY-PR Diagnostic alarm delay time - Vcan-DFM Test mode to cancel soft start/ attack (voltage) (see Figure 10) tcan-DFM Test mode delay time t-D VPHL1 Enable control voltage input high threshold - - - 0.40 V VPHL2 Enable control voltage input low threshold - - - 0.25(1) V tPHL1 Enable Control Voltage Phase Filtering Time - 50 - 115 s VPHH1 Diagnosis phase loss input high threshold - 8 9 10 V VPHH2_1 Diagnosis phase loss input low threshold - 6.4 7.4 8.4 V tPHd Diagnostic phase filtering time - 50 - 100 s Phase pull-down current VP = 0.8 V 1 - 8 mA DFM output open drain switching freq. Ialt =1 A~0.9 * Inom; 1400 rpm < rpm < RPMMAX; Isink = 4 mA 125 - 200 Hz VL-DFM Output low voltage saturation I-sink = 14 mA - - 1.5 V I-SC_DFM Short circuit current protection VB+ = VDFM = 12.5 V 50 - 400 mA Output leakage current VDFM =16 V at DFM driver OFF - - 5 A IPd-P1 f-dfm Ilk-DFM DocID10990 Rev 13 9/20 19 Electrical specification L9911 Table 5. Electrical characteristics (continued) Symbol Parameter Test condition t-TM Output voltage rise time t-TD Output voltage fall time R = 1 k (see Figure 6) Min. Typ. Max. 0.5 - 50 0.5 - 50 Unit s 1. Guaranteed by design. Table 6. Load response control parameters Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit - 0- - s 1.73 2 2.35 s 2.13 2.5 2.87 7.65 9 10.35 - 40 50 60 Hz EN-1 Tj = 25 C Tj = -40 to150 C 108 102 120 120 132 138 Hz Hz EN-2 Tj = 25 C Tj = -40 to150 C 131 124 145 145 159 166 Hz Hz Tj = 25 C Tj = -40 to150 C 144 136 160 160 176 184 Hz Hz Tj = 25 C Tj = -40 to150 C 174 165 193 193 212 221 Hz Hz Tj = 25 C Tj = -40 to150 C 270 255 300 300 330 345 Hz Hz Tj = 25 C Tj = -40 to150 C 315 298 350 350 385 402 Hz Hz DISAB-3 Tj = 25 C Tj = -40 to150 C 367 347 408 408 449 469 Hz Hz DISAB-4 Tj = 25 C Tj = -40 to150 C 420 397 466 466 512 535 Hz Hz tST_1 tST_2 tSL_1 tSL_2 Parameter Test Condition Soft start delay time (see Figure 12) 2 steps available, Activated always at engine start selectable by mask option (see Table 7). Soft attack time / soft start time (see Figure 12). 2 steps From 0 to 100 % field duty cycle available, selectable by mask option (see Table 7). Reset frequency range to EN-RES enable regulation; Frequency (constant) judged after 4 periods (see Figure 11) EN-3 EN-4 DISAB-1 DISAB-2 Soft start enable (EN) and LRC disable (DISAB) frequency ranges. 4 configurations available, selectable by mask option (possible combinations in Table 8). Always activated at engine start. Frequencies judged after 4 periods (see Figure 11) Table 7. Load response control timing options 10/20 - t_SL = 2.5 s t_SL = 9 s t_ST = 0 s LRC-A LRC-D t_ST = 0.5 s LRC-C - t_ST = 2 s LRC-E LRC-B DocID10990 Rev 13 s L9911 Electrical specification Table 8. Correspondence of frequency (typical values) to application features Alternator revolution speed (rpm) 6 pole pairs 8 pole pairs Typical configuration A Initiate regulation (Config-A) LRC Cut 1200 EN-1 EN-3 3000 DISAB-1 DISAB-3 Typical configuration B Initiate Regulation (Config-B) LRC Cut 1450 EN-2 EN-4 3000 DISAB-1 DISAB-3 Initiate Regulation 1450 EN-2 EN-4 LRC Cut 3500 DISAB-2 EN-4 Typical configuration C (Config-C) Considering the overall WW application scenario, there is a direct correspondence between Typical configurations A/B and regulation curve Vreg-1, and between typical configuration C and regulation curves Vreg-2 and Vreg-3. This is allowing the summary of all possible customization for L9911 in the table below. Table 9. Customization of L9911: combination of LRC, regulation, and application options LRC timing options Vreg-1/Config-A Vreg-1/Config-B Vreg-2/Config-B Vreg-2/Config-A Vreg-4/Config-A 6 Pole Pairs 8 Pole Pairs 6 Pole Pairs 8 Pole Pairs 6 Pole Pairs 8 Pole Pairs 6 Pole Pairs 8 Pole Pairs 6 Pole Pairs 8 Pole Pairs LRC-A L9911P nya nya nya nya nya nya nya L9911K nya LRC-B nya nya L9911F nya L9911I nya nya nya nya nya LRC-C nya nya nya nya nya nya L9911V nya nya nya LRC-D nya nya nya nya nya nya nya nya nya nya LRC-E L9911U nya nya nya nya nya nya nya nya nya Figure 2. Vreg-1 0D[ 7\S 6 0LQ 4 6^6 6^6 6^ 6 # # # '!0'03 DocID10990 Rev 13 11/20 19 Electrical specification L9911 -AX 4YP 6^6 6^6 6^6 -IN 6 Figure 3. Vreg-2 4 # # # '!0'03 Figure 4. Vreg-3 -AX 6 4Y P -IN 4 6 ^6 6^6 6^6 # # # '!0'03 12/20 DocID10990 Rev 13 L9911 Electrical specification Figure 5. Vreg-4 -AX 4YP 6 -IN 4 6 ^ 6 6 ^ 6 6 ^ 6 # # # '!0'03 Figure 6. Output voltage rise/fall time (F+, DFM) & $&6O LT AGE T RI SE T 4- T FALL T 4$ '!0'03 Figure 7. Phase regulation characteristics ON %NGINE OFF ON )GN 3W ITCH OFF ,OAD /. ON 7,AMP OFF T?34 T?3, )FIELD & $&- &IELD 0RE EXCITATION &IELD 2EGULATION DocID10990 Rev 13 '!0'03 13/20 19 Electrical specification 3.4 L9911 Principle of phase regulation When VB+ is above the regulated voltage, the field driver is controlled to keep phase peak voltage from falling below VPHH1. If phase peak voltage drops below VPHL1, phase regulation does not work. Figure 8. Application diagram IGNITION SWITCH WARNING LAMP , " ? # , & 6B 6CC &IELD 3TATOR 0 '.$ $&TO %#5 '!0'03 Figure 9. High side/low side driver saturation " 2EGULATOR !SSY , #ONTROL #IRCUIT , '!0'03 Figure 10. Test mode to cancel soft-start/attack $&#/-0 &),4%2 TCA N #!.#%, !.$ ,!4#( 6CAN '!0'03 Figure 11. Soft-start enable frequency range %. ^ 3/&4 34!2 4 %.!",% &2%15%.#9 [ #/.34!.4 (Z %. 2%3 14/20 '!0'03 DocID10990 Rev 13 L9911 Electrical specification Figure 12. Soft-start characteristics (always activated at engine start) )GN SW ON OFF S MIN S MIN 4IME SEC %NGINE SPEED RPM SOFT ATTACK INHIBITION !LT SPEED SOFT START ENABLE !LT SPEED 4IME SEC &IELD CURRENT ! 3OFT START TIMING 3OFT START TIMING 3OFT START DELAY TIME 3OFT START DELAY TIME 3OFT START TIMING 3OFT START DELAY TIME 4IME SEC S^S 7,AMP S^S ON OFF 3TARTER ON %' STOP AND )GN SW OFF )GN SW ON 3TARTER ON %' STOP 3TARTER ON 4IME SEC )GN SW ON %NGINE ST ART 3OFT ATTACK INHIBI TION !LT SPEED %' SP EED %NGINE START %NGINE RESTART 3OFT ATTACK IN HIBITION !LT SPEED %' SPEED '!0'03 Figure 13. Soft start/attack characteristics ON %NGINE OFF ON )GN 3WITCH OFF ,OAD /. ON 7,AMP OFF T?34 T?3, )FIELD & $&- &IELD 0RE EXCITATION &IELD 2EGULATION '!0'03 DocID10990 Rev 13 15/20 19 Electrical specification L9911 Table 10. Fault detection Root cause Note: Signal Effect Test detect Alternator belt breaking P Alternator disexcitation VPVS1 & VB+ > Vov-d Field short circuit to the ground P Alternator disexcitation VP